2021牛津譯林初二春季講義8BU4Agoodread（上）

學(xué)科教師輔導(dǎo)教案學(xué)員編號：所屬年級：初二課時(shí)數(shù)：3學(xué)員姓名：輔導(dǎo)科目：英語學(xué)科教師：課程主題：8BUNIT4Agoodread(上)授課時(shí)間：學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1．掌握本單元出現(xiàn)的一些重點(diǎn)詞匯和重要句型，并能靈活運(yùn)用。2．掌握must和todo的一般用法。教學(xué)內(nèi)容進(jìn)門測試1．Iwillwait_______Ihearfromyou.A.untilB.sinceC.whileD.because2．IhavesomeproblemswithmyEnglishwriting.Canyougivemesome_________?A.adviceB.decisionsC.informationD.messages3．CouldI_______youriPad,Alice?Ofcourse.Hereyouare.A.lendB.keepC.borrowD.return4．Iofferedtogivemyseattoher,butshe___________.A.repeatedB.restedC.relaxedD.refused5．HewatchedTVforanhourbefore_______hishome.A.leavesB.leaveC.leftD.leaving多元導(dǎo)學(xué)書籍一直是人類的朋友，伴隨著我們一生。請問你平時(shí)都是去哪里讀書，或者怎么獲取你需要的書籍的？Whatdoyouknowaboutit?先鋒書店，創(chuàng)立于1996年，誕生于太平南路圣保羅教堂對面,后發(fā)展到南京9家店。先鋒書店五臺山店是一家極不顯眼的書店，它無聲地存在于一個(gè)由防空洞改造而成的地下停車場，沒有路標(biāo)的指引，也沒有奢華的裝飾，只有林蔭綠葉掩映下灰底白字的店面標(biāo)識。然而它卻被譽(yù)為“中國最美的書店”，讓它散發(fā)出流光溢彩的魅力，吸引了全國各地乃至國外讀者?；?dòng)精講知識點(diǎn)一、8BU4重點(diǎn)詞匯【知識梳理】1．a(chǎn)goodread(P48)一本好讀物1)read①v.閱讀【拓展】常見搭配：readnewspapers/magazines/stories/novels/playse.g:Ifyouareinterested,youcanreadtheposter.②讀物詞性：e.g.:Thenewspaperisagoodread.2．Ihavetousethemtoreachtheboxonthefridge.(P48)我不得不用他們?nèi)虮渖系暮凶印?)reach【拓展】vt.到達(dá)=e.g.:Shewillreach/arriveattheschoolat9:00tomorrow.vt.夠得到e.g.:Hetriedtopicktheapples,buthecan’treachit.3．Theyimprovemyknowledgeofthepast.(P49)他們增加了我之前的知識。1).knowledgen.知識e.g.:.知識就是力量。【拓展】①v.knowe.g.:Everyoneknowsthatsheisnotsorich.2)improvev.提高，改善n.【拓展】常見搭配：improvethesituation;improvethedailylife;improvetheskills4．metoo.(P49)我也是。【辨析】1)metoo與meeither的區(qū)別：①。Ilikepotatochips.我喜歡吃薯?xiàng)l。Metoo.我也是。I'mgoinghome.我要回家了。Metoo.我也是。②。Ican'tswim．我不會(huì)游泳。Meeither.我也不會(huì)。5．Afterourshipcrashedagainsttherocks,IswamasfarasIcould.(P50)在我們的輪船觸礁之后，我盡可能地游。1)against①prep:e.g.:Ipushedagainstthedoorandthedooropenedatlast.②e.g.:Weallshouldfightagainstevil.③：e.g.:Don'tdriveagainstthetraffic.不要逆向行車。2)as…assb.can/could=as…as之間可以是副詞，也可以是形容詞。e.g.:IopenthedoorassoonasIcan.=Iopenthedoorassoonaspossible.ItisnotasdifficultasIthought.6．BythetimeIfinallyfeltthelandundermyfeet,1wastiredout.(P50)當(dāng)我最后覺得土地在我腳下時(shí)，我累壞了?！就卣埂?)bythetime“到……的時(shí)候”，通常引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，主句則表示在此時(shí)間之前某個(gè)事件已完成。①從句用一般過去時(shí)，主句通常用過去完成時(shí)；e.g.:BythetimeIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadygone.②如果主句的謂語是be動(dòng)詞或者是像know等表示認(rèn)知的持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則往往用一般過去時(shí)，不用完成時(shí)。Bythetimehewentabroad,hewasfourteen.2)betiredout=e.g.:Afterthetwohours’trip,IwastiredoutwhenIgothome.7．Iwokeupasthesunwasrising…(P50)我醒來了，這時(shí)太陽正在升起……【辨析】rise和raise這兩個(gè)詞都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。①②e.g.:Pleaseraiseyourhandifyouknowtheanswer.Thesunrisesintheeast.8．Itmovedupovermystomachandneckuntilitwasstandingnearmyface.(P50)它爬上我的肚子和脖子，直到（它）來到我的臉上。1)stomachn.胃pl:e.g.:Doyouknowwhatanimalhastwostomachs？2)untilconj.直到①until用于肯定句中，表示主句的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生或狀態(tài)出現(xiàn)時(shí)為止。一般可譯為“”。在這種用法中，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞（非瞬間動(dòng)詞），如live,wait,last,love,like,stay,work,continue等。e.g.:Iwillwaituntilyoueback.②until用于否定句中，表示主句的動(dòng)作在從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前尚未發(fā)生，或者說主句的動(dòng)作在從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生之后才開始。一般可譯為“”。e.g.:Ididn'tleaveuntiltherainstopped.直到雨停了我才離開。③until后面的從句中不能用一般將來時(shí)，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替，即“”。e.g.:Hewillstayhereuntilhismotheresback.9．Ididnotknowwhattosayeither.(P51)我也不知道說什么。用法講解：1)可以表示“也”的單詞或短語有also,too,aswell與either均表示“也”，但有以下區(qū)別：e.g.:Hewenttheretoo.Wedidn'tgothereeither.Ilikeyouaswell.Youarealsoagoodstudent.10．Hewasthesamesizeasmylittlefinger!(P50)他和我的小手指一樣大！1)thesamesizeas“和……一樣大”=原句=Hewasasbigasmylittlefinger!①size意為“大小，尺寸”：e.g.:Hisroomisthesamesizeasmine．他的房間和我的一樣大。②此處size可以換為其他的名詞，注意和形容詞的對應(yīng)。e.g.:Theriveristhesamelengthasthatone.=.同樣地，widewidth;heavyweight;highheight;longlength;deepdepth;11．Ishoutedatthemtheloudnoisemadethemallfallover.(P51)我沖著他們大聲叫嚷——聲音大得使他們所有人跌倒。1)shoutat意為“叫嚷”，一般表示因生氣而對某人大喊大叫，帶有感情色彩。同樣的表達(dá)還有：e.g.:Don'tshoutattheboy.Heisafraid.【辨析】：shoutto意為e.g.:Heshoutedtothemanontheothersideofthestreet,“ehere.”2)makev.使使某人做某事e.g.:Themothermadehissondohouseworkeveryday.3)fall的詞組:fallover；falloff；falldown；fallasleep12．Itriedtopullonehandfreeandfinallymanagedtobreaktheropes.(P51)我試圖空出一只手，最后設(shè)法解開了繩子。用法講解：managetodosth.:,與.同義；trytodosth.。e.g.:Imanagedtoseethewriter.我設(shè)法見到了那個(gè)作家。Itrytoopenthedoorwiththekey.我盡力用鑰匙打開門?！纠}精講】例1．Theyarefrom__________andtheyspeak__________.(French)例2．Hisstory__________(觸動(dòng))mealotatthattime.例3．Whatdoesheefrom?__________(德國).Heisa__________(德國人)例4．Hehasmuch__________(知識)aboutChina’slonghistory.例5．Helikesreading__________(小說)writtenbyMoYan.例6．Look!He__________(tie)hishorsetothetree.例7．Myfatherbegan__________(talk)tomeafterheknewIfailedmyexams.例8．Tom__________(fall)downonthegroundandhurthisleg.例9．Annahadafeveryesterday,soshewas__________（不能的）togotoschool.例10．Theteacherandstudents__________（勉強(qiáng)完成）torunoutofthefirehouse.【鞏固練習(xí)】詞匯1．Thefarmers__________thethieftoabigtree.2．Whatdoyouliketoreadinyour__________time?3．Thesefiremenmanaged__________(save)theoldwomanout.4．Sandyisn’tafraid__________(也).5．Jack,youmustsaysorrytoyourclassmates.Youshouldn’tdoanything__________(違背)theclassrules.6．Heisinterestedin__________,andhewantstobea__________whenhegrowsup.(science)7．Heisoneofthemostfamous__________(write)inChina.8．Theycameheretomakesome__________(decide)aboutit.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．Gullivertalkedwiththosesmallmen.（對畫線部分提問）__________didGulliver__________with?2．JillisreadingabookcalledGulliver'sTravels.（對畫線部分提問）____________________Jillreading?3．Hisbagisbigandmybagisbigtoo.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）Mybagis________________________________________hisbag.4．Icouldmovemylegs.（改為否定句）Icould____________________mylegs.5．那本書的銷量是多少？Whatare______________________________thebook?三、根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子1．我喜歡在空閑的時(shí)候和家人去旅行．Iliketravellingwithmyfamily________________________________________。2．他們設(shè)法找到走出森林的路．Theymanaged________________________________________togetoutoftheforest.3．我讀書是為我的報(bào)告收集信息．Ireadbooksto______________________________myreport.4．他們不知道在哪里能找到他們的包．Theydon'tknow______________________________theirbags.5．我讀書是為我的報(bào)告收集信息．Ireadbooksto______________________________myreport.6．李安的電影獲得了巨大的成功．LiAn'sfilmachieved______________________________.7．我花了一周七個(gè)多小時(shí)讀不同種類的書。Ispend__________differenttypesofbooks.8．我沒有確信在這個(gè)報(bào)告中寫什么。Iamnotsure__________9．在閱覽室你必須保持安靜。Youmust__________.10．她必須在下午把她的女兒從學(xué)校接走。Shehasto__________intheafternoon.知識點(diǎn)二8BU4語法和句型【知識梳理】1．疑問詞加動(dòng)詞不定式(1)句法功能：①“wh詞＋不定式”主要用作賓語或者賓語補(bǔ)足語，跟在動(dòng)詞decide,forget,advise,discuss,remember,understand,think,teach等之后。e.g.:Wemustthinkwhattodo.Ican'tdecidewhomtoinvite.Danieltaughthimselfhowtouseaputertodraw.②除用作賓語外，還可用作主語、表語等。e.g.:Whentoleavehasnotbeendecided.何時(shí)離開還沒有決定。Thequestionishowtofindhim.問題是如何找到他。(2)注意點(diǎn)：①若動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，需要加上后面的介詞。e.g.Danieldidnotsaywhototalktoaboutthisbook.Idon’tknowwhototurntoforhelpwhenIhaveproblems.②原則上說，why后不接不定式：誤：Kittyexplainedwhytobelateforschool.正：Kittyexplainedwhyshewaslateforschool.不過若不定式不帶to，則可用why。e.g.:Whynotgothereatonce?Whyarguewithher?但這類結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于談?wù)摤F(xiàn)在和將來，不用于談?wù)撨^去。誤：Whynotcleantheroomyesterday?正：Whydidn'tyoucleantheroomyesterday?(3)how用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的注意點(diǎn)：有些動(dòng)詞后接“how＋不定式”作賓語時(shí)，how可以省略：e.g.:Didyoulearn(how)todriveacar?你學(xué)過開車嗎？但是，有些動(dòng)詞后面接“疑問詞how＋不定式”作賓語時(shí)，盡管其中的how在漢語中無需譯出，但不能將how省略。e.g.:Heknowshowtoplaythepiano.Heshowedherhowtoswim.(4)“疑問詞十不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可以和復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)換。e.g.:Heaskedwherehewouldgoshoppingaftersupper.＝Heaskedwheretogoshoppingaftersupper.【典例講解】例1:同義句轉(zhuǎn)換Theteacheraskedushowwecouldhelphim.Theteacheraskedus_____________________him.例2:Hedidn'tknowwhere_______hisbrother.A.findB.tofindC.tofindingD.finding例3:(2013．青島)Excuseme.Couldyoupleasetellme_______mycar?Sure.Parkitrighthere.I'llhelpyou.A.howtostopB.wheretoparkingC.wheretostopD.whentopark例4:他不知道和誰談?dòng)嘘P(guān)旅行的計(jì)劃。Hedoesn'tknow____________________________aboutthetravelplan.【鞏固練習(xí)】1．Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme_______gettotheNo.1MiddleSchool?Sorry,Idon'tknow.A.howcanIB.howIcouldC.whentoD.howIcan2．_______iseasyandconvenientforus_______someinformationonline.A.It;tosearchingB.That;tosearchC.It;tosearchD.That;tosearching3．I'mafraidtheclasshasbegun.Don'tworry.It_______untilthebell_______.A.doesn'tbegin;ringsB.won'tbegin;willringC.won'tbegin;ringsD.doesn'tbegin;willring4．Elsadoesn'tknow_______aboutherworries.A.whototalkB.wheretotalktoC.whototalktoD.howtotalk5．AreyouinterestedinnovelsbyVictorHugo,_______TheHunchbackofNotreDame?A.suchasB.andsoonC.forexampleD.allinall6．StudentsatGreenHighSchooloften____booksfromtheirschoollibraryandcan_____themforaweek.A.keep;borrowB.lend;keepC.borrow;borrowD.borrow;keep7．FromMarch23rd2013，anyoneundertheageof14_______gointoDisney'sUSparksalone.A.couldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.mightn’t8．一________Iswimhere?一I’msorry．Children________swimalonehere．A.Must；can’tB.May；mustC.Can；mustn’tD.Can’t；can9．Whichdressdoyoulikebest,Madam?Sorry,Ican'tdecide_______now.A.tobuywhichoneB.buywhichoneC.whichonetobuyD.whichIshouldbuyit10．It'ssohothere.Doyoumind_______thewindow?_______.Iwilldoitrightnow.A.toclose;YesB.toopen,NoC.opening;OfcoursenotD.closing;Ihopeso課堂檢測一、詞匯1．It'sdifficultforachildto__________（舉起）theheavybox.2．Ineedyour__________（肩膀）tohavearest.3．Eatingtoomuchcoldfoodisbadforyour__________（胃）．4．Itwasdark.Thepolice__________（繼續(xù)）searchingforthelostchildren.5．Youcanwaitforhim__________（直到……為止）heesback.6．Therearefive__________（手指）oneachhand.7．It'sterribleforyourcartocrash__________（碰，撞）thebigtree.8．Theteachertoldthestudentshow__________(do)theexperiment.9．InEngland,trafficmust__________(keep)totheleft.10．IamnotasshyasIused__________(be)andtrynewthings.11．Manypublishinghousesrefused__________(publish)hisstoryatfirst.12．Hehasmuch__________(know)ofthehistoryofthepast.13．Hepulledonehandfreeandmanaged__________(break)theropes.14．Weoftenmeettogetheranddiscusswhat__________(read)15．Thecity’shospitalsaretoosmalland__________(able)todowithsomanypatients.16．OurEnglishteacherhas20yearsofteaching__________(經(jīng)驗(yàn)).17．ItisreportedthatChinawillsendsometeenagefootballplayersto__________(德國).18．Weget__________(知識)notonlyformbooksbutalsofromourdailylife.19．Therewasa__________(極小的)fishingboatonthesea.20．Thefarmers__________(系)thehorsetoatreetopreventitfromrunningaway.二、完成句子1．他們不久又站起來繼續(xù)跑過終點(diǎn)。Theysoon__________.2．當(dāng)太陽升起時(shí)我發(fā)現(xiàn)許多小人在我的肚子和脖子上來回移動(dòng)。Asthesunwasrising,Ifound__________.3．我爸爸喜歡古典音樂而我喜歡流行音樂。Myfatherlikes__________whileIlike__________.4．閱讀能給我打開一個(gè)全新的世界。Readingcan__________tome.5．你能告訴我如何幫助一位老人嗎？Canyoutellme__________anoldman?6．他們今天早上討論了讀什么書.They____________________________thismorning.7．你能給我一些如何學(xué)好英語的建議嗎？Canyou__________________________howtolearnEnglishwell?8．他朝那些小人兒喊，但是他們一點(diǎn)兒也不害怕。He____________________thosetinymen,buttheywere__________afraid____________________.【答案】shouted|at|not|at|all9．Youcan'tdoit.Ican't,__________（也）10．在最初的時(shí)候，喜歡周星馳的《大話西游》的人并不多。________________________________________，StephenChow’sAChineseOdysseywasn’tlikedbymanypeople.要點(diǎn)回顧1．課堂錯(cuò)題收集2．學(xué)霸筆記本：教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生借助知識腦圖總結(jié)重難點(diǎn)溫故知新一、單選1.TomdislikesthefilmOurtimes.AndIamnotinterestedinit,_______.A.alsoB.tooC.eitherD.instead2._______goodadviceJimhasoffered!Hecanalwayseupwithgoodideas.A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa3.Ispent$5_______thisbook.A.inB.tobuyC.buyingD.buy4.Ihaven'tdecidedwhen_______aholidayyet.A.tookB.takingC.totakeD.take5.Hewillhaveto_______hisdietbecauseofhisseriousstomachproblem.A.watchingB.watchedC.watchesD.watch6.Doyouknow_______forhelpwhenweareintroubleatschool?Yes,ourteachersandfriends.A.whoshouldweaskB.whattoaskC.whotoaskD.howshouldweask7.Thefamily_______stayatthehotelbecauseitwasraininghard.A.havetoB.hadtoC.hadtoD.wantto8.Ican'tdecide_______.A.whattodoitB.howshallIdoC.howtodoitD.whatshallIdoit9.It'slate.I_______sleephere.A.mustB.havetoC.hastoD.hadto10.You_______smokeinpublic.A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.wouldn'tD.maynot二、詞匯1．Doyoulikechattingwithyourclassmates__________(在線地)?2．Mr.Liuisagoodteacherwithmuch__________(經(jīng)驗(yàn)).3．Isthisbook__________(翻譯)intoFrench?4．Ineverthoughthewould__________(拒絕)myinvitation.5．Myteacheroftengivesmesome__________（建議）onhowtolearnEnglish.6．Don'tgiveup.Youknowhardworkleadsto__________（成功）.7．Itsnowsallyear__________inmyhometown.8．Iusuallyreadbooksforabouthalfanhourbefore__________(go)tobedeveryday.9．Theyspendaboutanhour__________(do)homeworkeveryday.10．Thebook__________(write)byDrMahaseout.11．Ireadbooks__________(improve)mywriting.12．__________(read)isalwaysagoodhabit.13．Noonecan__________(success)withoutanyhardwork.14．Hishomeis__________(在…對面)ashopandit’sconvenientforhimtobuythings.15．I’dlikeyoutotakemy__________(建議)16．Hisstorygavemealotof__________(confident).三、完成句子1.一方面，你可以在這本書中學(xué)習(xí)語言，另外一方面，你可以了解不同的文化。Ononehand,youcanlearnlanguageinthebook,________________________________________,youcanlearnaboutdifferentcultures.2.你能把它們翻譯成英語嗎？Canyou______________________________English?3.慈善演出獲得了巨大成功。Thecharityshowwas______________________________.4.他為什么拒絕幫助你呢？Whydidhe______________________________you?5.您是如何找到寫這本書的靈感的呢？Howdidyou________________________________________thebook?6.熊貓媽媽一次能生幾個(gè)小熊貓？Howmanybabiesdoesamotherpanda________________________________________?7.書籍幫助我們打開了一個(gè)全新的世界。Books______________________________________________________________.四、完形填空Accordingto(根據(jù))anewAmericanstudy，havingdinnerwithchildrenmayhelptoreduce(減少)thenumberofproblemsinparent—childmunication．The__________wasdoneonabout5，000middleschoolstudentsinChicagoschools．Theexpertsstudythestudentsatthebeginningandtheendofsixthgradeandagainat"heendofseventhandeighthgrades．Theyaskedthestudents__________theyatedinnerwiththeirparentsand__________askedhowoftentheirparentshadatalkwiththemthatlastedmorethan10__________，praised(表揚(yáng))themwhentheydidwell，askedthemwheretheyweregoingandaskedwhattheyweredoinginschool．Thestudy__________thatchildrenwhooftenatedinnerwiththeirparentshad__________problemsofmunicatingthanchildrenwho__________atedinnerwiththeirparents．“Familymealsareagoodchance(機(jī)會(huì))tokeepin__________withchildren，"saidJayne，amemberofthestudyteam．“Youcangettoknowwhat’sgoingonintheirlivesbetter．"However，shealso__________thatparentschoosesuitablethemes．Themes__________gradesandhomework．a(chǎn)renotgoodchoices(選擇)．()1．A．reportB．studyC．planD．munication()2．A．whatB．howC．howoftenD．howmuch()3．A．a(chǎn)lsoB．evenC．everD．either()4．A．secondsB．minutesC．hoursD．days()5．A．saidB．thoughtC．hopedD．showed()6．A．fewerB．moreC．manyD．much()7．A．oftenB．a(chǎn)lwaysC．seldomD．usually()8．A．partyB．wayC．mealD．touch()9．A．a(chǎn)greedB．believedC．a(chǎn)dvisedD．called()10．A．forB．1ikeC．withD．from閱讀理解IlovecharityshopsandsodolotsofotherpeopleinBritainbecauseyoufindquiteafewofthemoneveryhighstreet.ThecharityshopisaBritishinstitution(公共機(jī)構(gòu)),sellingeverythingfromclothestoelectricgoods,allatverygoodprices.Youcangetthingsyouwon'tfindintheshopsanymore.ThethingIlikebestaboutthemisthatyourmoneyisgoingtoagoodcauseandnotintothepocketsofprofitdriven(利益驅(qū)動(dòng)的)panies,andyouarenotdamagingtheplanet,butfindinganewhomeforunwantedgoods.Thefirstcharityshopwasopenedin1947byOxfam.Thefamouscharity'sappeal(呼吁)toaidpostwarGreecehadbeensosuccessfulithadbeenfloodedwithdonations.Theydecidedtosetupashoptosellsomeofthesedonationstoraisemoneyforthatappeal.Nowthereareover7,000charityshopsintheUK.MyfavouritecharityshopinmyhometownistheRedCrossshop,whereIalwaysfindchildren'sbooks,all10or20penceeach.Mostofthepeopleworkinginthecharityshopsarevolunteers,althoughthereisoftenamanagerwhogetspaid.Over90%ofthegoodsinthecharityshopsaredonatedbythepublic.Everymorningyouseebagsofunwanteditemsoutsidethefrontofshops,althoughtheydon'tencouragethis,ratheraskpeopletobringthingsinwhentheshopisopenTheshopshaveverylowrunningcosts:allprofitsgotocharityworkCharityshopsraisemorethan￡110millionayear,funding(資助)medicalresearch,overseasaid,supportingsickandpoorchildren,homelessanddisabledpeople,andmuchmoreWhatbetterplacetospendyourmoney?Yougetsomethingspecialforaverygoodpriceandagoodmoralsense(道德意識)．Youprovidefundstoagoodcauseandtreadlightlyontheenvironment.1.Theauthorlovesthecharityshopmainlybecauseof__________.A.itsconvenientlocationB.itsgreatvarietyofgoodsC.itsspiritofgoodwillD.itsniceshoppingenvironment2.ThefirstcharityshopintheUKwassetupto__________A.sellcheapproductsB.dealwithunwantedthingsC.raisemoneyforpatientsD.helpaforeigncountry3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutcharityshops?A.Theoperatingcostsareverylow.B.Thestaffareusuallywellpaid.C.90%ofthedonationsaresecondhand.D.Theyareopentwentyfourhoursaday.4.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhattoBuya