專業(yè)英語四級(閱讀)模擬試卷180(題后含答案及解析)

專業(yè)英語四級（閱讀）模擬試卷180(題后含答案及解析)題型有：5.READINGCOMPREHENSIONPARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSIONSECTIONAInthissectionthereareseveralpassagesfollowedbytenmultiple-choicequestions.Foreachquestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.(1)TheClydewhomSamuelGriffithsdescribedashavingmetattheUnionLeagueClubinChicago,wasasomewhatmodifiedversionoftheonewhohadfledfromKansasCitythreeyearsbefore.Hewasnowtwenty,alittletallerandmorefirmlybutscarcelyanymorerobustlybuilt,andconsiderablymoreexperienced,ofcourse.(2)ForsinceleavinghishomeandworkinKansasCityandcomingincontactwithsomeroughusageintheworld—humbletasks,wretchedrooms,nointimatestospeakof,plusthecompulsiontomakehisownwayasbesthemight—hehaddevelopedakindofself-relianceandsmoothnessofaddresssuchasonewouldscarcelyhavecreditedhimwiththreeyearsbefore.Therewasabouthimnow,althoughhewasnotnearlysosmartlydressedaswhenheleftKansasCity,akindofconsciousgentility(文雅)ofmannerwhichpleased,eventhoughitdidnotatfirstarrestattention.Also,andthiswasconsiderablydifferentfromtheClydewhohadcreptawayfromKansasCityinaboxcar,hehadmuchmoreofanairofcautionandreserve.(3)ForeversincehehadfledfromKansasCity,andbyonehumbledeviceandanotherforcedtomakehisway,hehadbeencomingtotheconclusionthatonhimselfalonedependedhisfuture.Hisfamily,ashenowdefinitelysensed,coulddonothingforhim.Theyweretooimpracticalandtoopoor—hismother,father,Esta,allofthem.(4)Atthesametime,inspiteofalltheirdifficulties,hecouldnotnowhelpbutfeeldrawntothem,hismotherinparticular,andtheoldhomelifethathadsurroundedhimasaboy—hisbrotherandsisters,Estaincluded,sinceshe,too,ashenowsawit,hadbeenbroughtnolowerthanhebycircumstancesoverwhichsheprobablyhadnomorecontrol.Andoften,histhoughtsandmoodhadgonebackwithadefiniteanddisconcertingpang(一陣劇痛)becauseofthewayinwhichhehadtreatedhismotheraswellasthewayinwhichhiscareerinKansasCityhadbeensuddenlyinterrupted—hislossofHortenseBriggs—asevereblow;thetroublesthathadcometohimsince;thetroublethatmusthavecometohismotherandEstabecauseofhim.(5)OnreachingSt.Louistwodayslaterafterhisflight,andafterhavingbeenmostpainfullybundledout(趕，匆忙打發(fā))intothesnowahundredmilesfromKansasCityinthegrayofawintermorning,andatthesametimerelievedofhiswatchandovercoatbytwobrakemenwhohadfoundhimhidinginthecar,hehadpickedupaKansasCitypaper—TheStar—onlytorealizethathisworstfearinregardtoallthathadoccurredhadcometrue.Forthere,underatwo-columnhead,andwithfullyacolumnandahalfofreadingmatterbelow,wasthefullstoryofallthathadhappened;alittlegirl,theeleven-year-olddaughterofawell-to-do(小康的)KansasCityfamily,knockeddownandalmostinstantlykilled—shehaddiedanhourlater;SparserandMissSipeinahospitalandunderarrestatthesametime,guardedbyapolicemansittinginthehospitalawaitingtheirrecovery;asplendidcarveryseriouslydamaged;Sparser’sfather,intheabsenceoftheownerofthecarforwhomheworked,atonceincensed(激怒)andmadeterriblyunhappybythefollyandseemingcriminality(犯罪行為)andrecklessnessofhisson.(6)Butwhatwasworse,theunfortunateSparserhadalreadybeenchargedwithlarceny(盜竊)andhomicide(殺人),andwishing,nodoubt,tominimizehisownshareinthisgravecatastrophe,hadnotonlyrevealedthenamesofallwhowerewithhiminthecar—theyouthsinparticularandtheirhoteladdress—buthadchargedthattheyalongwithhimwereequallyguilty,sincetheyhadurgedhimtomakespeedatthetimeandagainsthiswill—aclaimwhichwastrueenough,asClydeknew.AndMr.Squires,onbeinginterviewedatthehotel,hadfurnishedthepoliceandthenewspaperswiththenamesoftheirparentsandtheirhomeaddresses.(7)Thislastwasthesharpestblowofall.Fortherefolloweddisturbingpicturesofhowtheirrespectiveparentsorrelativeshadtakenitonbeinginformedoftheirsins.1．WhatcanbeconcludedfromPara.2aboutClyde?A．HewasadependentyoungmanwheninKansasCity.B．Heisdressedbetterthanthreeyearsago.C．Heactsquitedifferentlyfromthepast.D．Heismorecautiousandreservedthanbefore.正確答案：A解析：推斷題。原文第二段第一句提到，自此以后，克萊德就逐漸變得自力更生和處事圓滑，而這些品質(zhì)是三年前沒有人相信他會具有的，另外第一段第一句指出他三年前從堪薩斯城逃走，由此可以推知，三年前克萊德在堪薩斯城時是不具備自力更生這一品質(zhì)的，也就是說他是個有依賴性的年輕人，故[A]為答案。第二段第二句指出克萊德的衣著遠不如逃離堪薩斯城時那么時髦，由此可知，他的衣著不如三年前好，[B]與原文表述相反，故排除；第二段最后一句直接提及克萊德已變得更加謹慎矜持，跟當初爬進火車貨運車廂偷偷離開堪薩斯城的那個克萊德判若兩人，無需推斷，故[C]和[D]均排除。知識模塊：閱讀2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTClyde’sviewonhisfamily?A．Hisfamilyisofnohelptohisfuture.B．Hisfamilylivesapoorandunrealisticlife.C．Estacouldn’tcontrolherowndestiny.D．HefeelsregretfulforhowhetreatedEsta.正確答案：D解析：細節(jié)題。原文第四段第二句提到克萊德常常滿懷痛苦地回憶過去，這是因為當初他對待母親的方式，還有他在堪薩斯城的事業(yè)突然中斷，這表明克萊德后悔的是自己以前如何對待母親而不是妹妹伊斯塔，由此可知，[D]與原文不符，故為答案。第三段前兩句提到，自從逃離堪薩斯城以來，依靠各種各樣的詭計，克萊德才勉強謀生，他得出了一個結(jié)論，他的前程只能靠自己，正如他現(xiàn)在清楚意識到的，他的家人什么也幫不了他，由此可知，克萊德認為家人對他的前程毫無助益，[A]與原文相符，故排除；第三段最后一句指出，克萊德認為家人太不切實際了，也太窮了——他的父親、母親、伊斯塔，所有家人都如此，由此可知，[B]在原文直接提及，故排除；第四段第一句提到克萊德現(xiàn)在已明白，伊斯塔早已被她再也無法掌控的命運拖入和他一樣的深淵，由此可知，克萊德認為伊斯塔不能掌控自己的命運，故排除[C]。知識模塊：閱讀3．InPara.5,theword“relieved”probablymeans______.A．reducedB．easedC．robbedD．returned正確答案：C解析：語義題。原文第五段第一句提到，兩名司閘員發(fā)現(xiàn)他躲在火車貨運車廂里，他非常凄慘地被攆到雪地里，同時還被relievedof手表和外套，由此可以推斷，該詞與[C]robbed“搶走”的意思相近，故[C]為答案。[A]“減少”和[B]“緩解”明顯與原文不符，故排除；[D]“歸還”與原文語義相反，故排除。知識模塊：閱讀4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthecaraccident?A．ClydereadthereportfromanewspaperinKansasCity.B．Clydewasonthecaratthetimeoftheaccident.C．Thevictimdiedthemomenttheaccidenthappened.D．Thecarintheaccidentbelongedtohisfather’sboss.正確答案：B解析：推斷題。原文第五段第一句提到，出逃后過了兩天，克萊德來到了圣路易，一到這里就撿到了一張堪薩斯城的報紙——《星報》，這才意識到他對那起車禍最大的恐懼已變成現(xiàn)實，接下來一句是該報關(guān)于車禍的報道，由此可知，克萊德最大的恐懼是車禍被公之于眾；第六段第一句還指出斯帕塞不僅招供了所有同車人的名字，而且還指控他們跟他一樣有罪，因為當時他們催他加速，而這違背了他的意愿——據(jù)克萊德所知，該說法確實是真的，由此可以推斷克萊德也是共犯，車禍發(fā)生時在車上，因此他才出逃，故[B]為答案，同時排除[A]；克萊德是在《星報》上看到的車禍報道，雖然《星報》是堪薩斯城的報紙，但他是在圣路易撿到這份報紙的。第五段第二句冒號之后的第一個分句提到一個小女孩，堪薩斯城一戶小康人家的十一歲女兒，被車撞倒，差一點當場死亡——她在一個小時之后逝世，由此可知，受害者并不是死于車禍發(fā)生的那一刻，故排除[C]；該段第二句冒號之后的最后一個分句直接提及斯帕塞的父親，受雇于那位出門未歸的車主，無需推斷，故排除[D]。知識模塊：閱讀(1)MoreandmoreoftheworldisworkinginEnglish.Multinationalcompanies(eventhosebasedinplacessuchasSwitzerlandorJapan)aremakingittheircorporatelanguage.AndinternationalbodiesliketheEuropeanUnionandtheUnitedNationsaredoinganever-greatershareofbusinessintheworld’snewdefaultlanguage.Attheoffice,it’sEnglish’sworld,andeveryotherlanguageisjustlivinginit.(2)IsthistotheEnglish-speaker’sadvantage?Workinginaforeignlanguageiscertainlyhard.Itiseasiertoarguefluentlyortomakeapointsubtlywhennottryingtocalluprarelyusedvocabularyorconstructsentencescorrectly.English-speakerscantrytobulldozeopposingargumentsthroughsheerverbiage(冗詞),holdthefloortopreventanyoneelsefromgettingawordinorlightenthemoodwithajoke.Allofthesethingsarefarharderinaforeignlanguage.Non-nativeshavenotonehand,butperhapsabitoftheirbrains,tiedbehindtheirbacks.ArecentcolumnbyMichaelSkapinkerintheFinancialTimessaysthatit’simportantfornativeEnglish-speakerstolearntheskillsoftalkingwithnon-nativessuccessfully.(3)But,asMrSkapinkernotes,thereareadvantagestobeinganon-native,too.Thesearesubtler—butfarfromtrivial.Non-nativespeakersmaynotbeabletoshowofftheirbrillianceeasily.Itcanbeanadvantagetohaveyourclevernesshighlyrated,andthisistheluckofverballyfluentpeoplearoundtheworld.Butitisquiteoftentheotherwayround:itcanbeaboontobethoughtalittledimmerthanyoureallyare,givingtheelementofsurpriseinanegotiation.And,asanAmericanprofessorinFrancetellsJohnson,comingfromanotherculture—notjustanotherlanguage—allowspeopletonoticestumblingblocksandhabitsofthinkingsharedbytherestofthenatives,andguideameetingpastthem.Suchheterodox(非正統(tǒng)的)thinkingcanbewrappedinabitofdisingenuouscluelessness:“I’mnotsurehowthingsworkhere,butIwasthinking...”(4)Peopleworkinginalanguagenottheirownreportotherperks.Askingforaclarificationcanbuyvaluabletimeorbeausefuldistraction,saysaRussianworkingatTheEconomist.Speakingslowlyallowsanon-nativetochoosejusttherightword—somethingmostpeopledon’tdowhentheyareexcitedandemotional.Thereisalottobesaidforthinkingfasterthanyoucanspeak,ratherthantheotherwayround.(5)Mostintriguingly,theremaybeafeedbackloop(反饋回路)fromspeechbackintothought.Ingeniousresearchershavefoundthatsometimesdecision-makinginaforeignlanguageisactuallybetter.ResearchersattheUniversityofChicagogavesubjectsatestwithcertaintraps—easy-looking“right”answersthatturnedouttobewrong.Thosetakingitinasecondlanguageweremorelikelytoavoidthetrapandchoosetherightanswer.Fluidthinking,inotherwords,hasitsdownside,anddeliberateness(審慎)anadvantage.Andoneofthesameresearchersfoundthateveninmoraldecision-making—suchaswhetheritwouldbeacceptabletokillsomeonewithyourownhandstosavealargernumberoflives—peoplethoughtinamoreutilitarian(功利的),lessemotionalwaywhentestedinaforeignlanguage.AnAmericanworkinginDenmarksaysheinsistedonhavingsalarynegotiationsinDanish—askingformoreinEnglishwasexcruciatingtohim.(6)Allthisappliesregardlessofthefirstlanguage.ButinthemodernworlditisEnglishmonoglots(只懂一種語言的人)inparticularwhoworkintheirownlanguage,joinedbynon-nativepolyglots(通曉數(shù)種語言的人)workinginEnglishtoo.Thosenon-nativespeakerscanalwaysgoawayandspeaktheirlanguagesprivatelybeforerejoiningtheEnglishconversation.Hoppingfromlanguagetolanguageisaconstantreminderofhowothersmightseethingsdifferently,notesaDutchofficialattheEuropeanCommission.(Onestudyfoundthatbilingualchildrenwerebetteratguessingwhatwasinotherpeople’sheads,perhapsbecausetheywereconstantlymonitoringwhointheirworldspokewhatlanguage.)ItwassaidthatGingerRogershadtodoeverystepFredAstairedid,but“backwards,andinhighheels”.This,unsurprisingly,madeheranoutstandingdancer.(7)Indeed,thoseworkinginforeignlanguagesarekeentotalkabouttheseadvantagesanddisadvantages.Alas,monoglotswillneverhavethatchance.Pitythosestrugglinginasecondlanguage—butalsospareathoughtforthosemanymonoglotswhohavenowayofknowingwhattheyaremissing.5．WhatisMichaelSkapinker’sattitudetowardsbeinganon-native?A．Suspicious.B．Sarcastic.C．Positive.D．Negative.正確答案：C解析：態(tài)度題。原文第三段前兩句提到了正如斯卡平克所指出的，成為非母語者也有優(yōu)勢，雖然這些優(yōu)勢更加難以察覺——但遠非微不足道。據(jù)此可以判斷斯卡平克對于非母語者是持積極的態(tài)度，故[C]為答案。[D]與[C]相悖，故排除；作者在原文中并未表達懷疑之意，故排除[A]；作者在文中也沒有流露出諷刺的意味，故排除[B]。知識模塊：閱讀6．InPara.4,theword“perks”isclosestinmeaningto______.A．a(chǎn)nchoragesB．a(chǎn)dvantagesC．a(chǎn)llocationsD．a(chǎn)cquisitions正確答案：B解析：語義題。設(shè)問單詞出現(xiàn)在原文第四段第一句。文章上一段介紹了非母語者的優(yōu)勢，而該段第一句指出，用非母語工作的人顯示出其他的perks，然后在第二句和第三句分別講述了非母語者的兩個優(yōu)勢，由此可知，第四段在繼續(xù)介紹非母語者的其他優(yōu)勢，所以該詞與[B]advantages“優(yōu)勢，優(yōu)點”的意思最接近，故[B]為答案。[A]“錨地，泊處”，[C]“分配，配給”和[D]“獲得物，獲得”都明顯與原文不符，故排除。知識模塊：閱讀7．Whatcouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?A．TheAdvantagesofWorkinginForeignLanguages.B．TheAdvantagesofWorkinginNativeLanguages.C．TheResearchonWorkinginForeignLanguages.D．TheWideUseofEnglishintheWorld.正確答案：A解析：主旨題。作者在文章開篇介紹了英語的普遍使用情況以及英語母語者的優(yōu)勢，通過對比英語母語者和非母語者引出英語非母語者的優(yōu)勢；然后在第三段到第六段，詳細論述了英語非母語者的優(yōu)勢；最后在文章結(jié)尾部分指出只懂一種語言的人的劣勢。綜合考慮，“使用外語工作的優(yōu)勢”最接近全文主旨，故答案為[A]。[B]、[C]和[D]在原文均有提及，但并非文章討論的重點及目的所在，故均排除。知識模塊：閱讀(1)Haveyoueverthoughtaboutwhathappenstoyouremployeesrightbeforetheygettowork?Sometimesweallwakeuponthewrongsideofthebedandjustfindithardtogetourbearings.Atothertimes,wemightstartoutfine,buthaveahorriblecommuteorascreamingmatchwithateenagerjustbeforegoingtowork.Payingattentiontothemorningmoodsofyouremployeescanpaydividends.InmyresearchwithSteffanieWilk,anassociateprofessorattheFisherCollegeofBusinessattheOhioStateUniversity,wefoundthatthisstart-of-the-daymoodcanlastlongerthanyoumightthink—andhaveanimportanteffectonjobperformance.(2)Inourstudy,“WakingUpOnTheRightOrWrongSideOfTheBed:Start-Of-WorkdayMood,WorkEvents,EmployeeAffect,AndPerformance”,weexaminedcustomerservicerepresentatives(CSRs)inaninsurancecompany’scallcenteroverseveralweeks.WesentCSRsperiodicshortsurveysthroughouttheday.Westudiedtheirmoodastheystartedtheday,howtheyviewedworkeventssuchascustomerinteractionsthroughouttheday,andtheirmoodduringthedayafterthesecustomerinteractions.Weusedthecompany’sdetailedperformancemetricstoinvestigatehowtheirmoodatworkrelatedtotheirperformance.(3)WefoundthatCSRsvariedfromdaytodayintheirstart-of-daymood,butthatthosewhostartedouteachdayhappyorcalmusuallystayedthatwaythroughouttheday,andinteractingwithcustomerstendedtofurtherenhancetheirmood.Bycontrast,forthemostpart,peoplewhostartedthedayinaterriblemooddidn’treallyclimboutofit,andfeltevenworsebytheendoftheday—evenafterinteractingwithpositivecustomers.(4)Oneinteresting(andcounterintuitive)findingwassomethingwecalled“miserylovescompany.“SomeCSRswhofeltbadlyastheystartedthedayactuallyfeltlessbadlyafterinteractingwithcustomerswhowerethemselvesinabadmood.Perhapsthiswasbecause,bytakingtheircustomers’perspectives,theseCSRsrealizedtheirownliveswerenotsoterrible.(5)Mostimportantly,wediscoveredstrongperformanceeffectswhenitcametoqualityofworkandproductivity.Employeeswhowereinapositivemoodprovidedhigher-qualityservice:theyweremorearticulateonthephonewithfewer“ums”andverbaltics,andusedmorepropergrammar.Employeeswhowereinanegativemoodtendedtotakemorefrequentbreaksfromtheirdutiestocopewiththestressandgetthemselvesthroughtheday.Thesesmallbreakspiledup,leadingtoagreaterthan10%lossofproductivity.(6)Howcanmanagersusethesefindingstohelpemployeescopewithstressandboostperformance?Whileitcanbedifficult,itisnotimpossibletohittheresetbuttonandtrytohelpemployeesshakeanegativemorningmood.Forexample,managersmightsendoutmorale-boosting(鼓舞士氣的)messagesinthemorning,orholdaregularteamhuddletohelppeopletransitionandexperiencepositivemoodastheystarttheirworkday.Feedingpeopleandcelebratingaccomplishmentsisalwaysamoraleboosteraswell.Alternatively,managerscanallowemployeesalittlespacefirstthinginthemorning,forexampletochatwithcolleaguesbeforeanearlymeeting.Peoplealsoneedtimeto“recover”fromthenightbeforesomanagersmaywanttothinktwicebeforelaunchingalate-nightbarrage(轟炸)ofe-mailsasthismightsetemployeesupforabadstarttothenextday.Andifanemployeearrivesafewminuteslate,confrontinghimorheraboutitlateroninsteadofimmediatelymayyieldamoreproductiveconversationandamoreproductiveworkday.(7)Employees,fortheirpart,maywanttotakestepstolosetheirownnegativitybeforearrivingatwork,creatingtheirown“intentionaltransition”.Thismightinvolvetakingadifferentroutetowork,givingthemselvesapeptalk,stoppingforcoffee,orlisteningtoinspiringmusic.Finally,thebestthingtheycandoistakeadeepbreathbeforewalkinginthedoor,tofocusonmakingthemostofthenewday.8．ItcanbeinferredfromPara.1thatbadmoodinthemorningmaybecausedby______.A．a(chǎn)fallfromthebedB．thewrongsideofthebedC．a(chǎn)trafficcongestionD．a(chǎn)competitionwithchildren正確答案：C解析：推斷題。原文第一段第三句提到，我們可能一開始很好，但就在上班前遇到糟糕的通勤狀況或者和孩子吵了一架。由此可以推斷出，交通堵塞可能會導致早上的心情不好，故[C]為答案，同時排除[D]，該句中的ascreamingmatch原意是“尖叫比賽”，此處可理解為吵架，而不是競賽。該段第二句指出，有時候，我們可能wakeuponthewrongsideofthebed“一起床就無緣無故地心情不好”，而不是因為從床上摔了下來或其他有關(guān)床的問題，[A]和[B]與原文表述不符，故均排除。知識模塊：閱讀9．Tocheerstaffmembersupinthemorning,theexecutivesareadvisedto______.A．textinspiringwordstothemB．givethemmoreplacetositC．haveatalkwiththembeforemeetingD．sende-mailstothematmidnight正確答案：A解析：細節(jié)題。原文第六段介紹了幾種方法讓經(jīng)理幫助員工們擺脫消極的早晨情緒。該段第三句提到經(jīng)理們可以在早上發(fā)送鼓舞士氣的短信，故[A]為答案。該段第五句指出經(jīng)理們早上的第一件事就是給員工們一點小空間，比如讓他們在早會前和同事聊下天，而不是給員工們更多坐的空間，也不是經(jīng)理們自己和員工聊天，[B]和[C]與原文表述不符，故均排除；該段第六句提到人們也需要時間從前一天晚上恢復(fù)過來，所以經(jīng)理們在深夜進行郵件轟炸之前要三思而后行，因為這可能導致員工們第二天早上心情糟糕，[D]“在午夜給員工們發(fā)郵件”是原文不提倡的，故排除。知識模塊：閱讀10．Inthelastparagraph,thephrase“apeptalk”probablymeans______.A．a(chǎn)cordialtalkB．a(chǎn)confidentialtalkC．a(chǎn)ninformaltalkD．a(chǎn)nencouragingtalk正確答案：D解析：語義題。原文最后一段第一句提到，員工們也想采取措施在抵達辦公室之前擺脫消極情緒，自己進行“有意的轉(zhuǎn)換”，然后在第二句中介紹了幾種措施：走不同的上班路線；給自己講apeptalk；停下來喝杯咖啡；或者聽振奮人心的音樂。由此可知，員工們給自己講apeptalk是為了擺脫消極情緒，所以該短語與[D]anencouragingtalk的意義最接近，意為“鼓舞士氣的話”，故[D]為答案。[A]“親切會談”，[B]“密談”和[C]“非正式談話”明顯與原文不符，故排除。知識模塊：閱讀SECTIONBInthissectiontherearefiveshor