小學(xué)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)

小學(xué)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)總結(jié)

1.食品類：bread,chicken,cake,candy,butter,chocolate,cheese,egg,

ham,soup,ice-cream,fries,pie,pizza,salad,sausage,sandwich,

hamburger,noodles

2.飲料類：coffee,milk,beer,water,Coke,juice,tea

3.水果類：apple,banana,peach,pear,orange,lemon,mango,pineapple,

watermelon

4.交通工具：bus,bike,car,plane,subway,taxi,train,ship,jeep,boat

5.球類：basketball,baseball,football,volleyball,badminton,tennis,

bowling

6.天氣：cloudy,cold,warm,hot,cool,sunny,overcast,clear,foggy,

(rain,snow,cloud,wind,fog)

7.月艮裝類；coat,gloves,cap,hat,shirt,skirt,jacket,shoes,sock,

sweater,vest,T-shirt,dress,jeans

8.人體部位：ear,eye,face,head,mouth,nose,tooth,hand,arm,leg

9.職業(yè)類：driver,doctor,lawyer,nurse,postman,teacher,singer,vet,

cook,pilot,dancer,astronaut,farmer,policeman,policewoman,salesman,

saleswoman,worker,waiter,manager

10.基數(shù)詞：one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,

eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,

eighteen,nineteen,twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,

ninety.

序數(shù)詞：first第一second第二third第三fourth第四fifth第五

sixth第六seventh第七eighth第八ninth第九ten第十

11.月份：January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,

September,October,November,December

12.顏色：black,blue,brown,green,pink,purple,red,yellow,white,

orange

13?學(xué)習(xí)下|目:art,Chinese,English,math,P.E.,music,science

14.場(chǎng)所：bookshop,bank,school,cinema,hospital,theatre,shop,

supermarket,store,farm,park,zoo,office,club,park,restaurant,

museum,postoffice

15.學(xué)習(xí)用品：book,bag,eraser,pen,pencil,knife,ruler,pencil

sharpener

16.動(dòng)物：bird,cat,fish,panda,fox,duck,rabbit,pig,dog,monkey,tiger,

lion.

17.國(guó)家：America(theUSA),Britain,China,Canada,Australia,France,

Japan,Russia

18.稱呼：aunt,brother,sister,mother,dad,father,grandma,grandpa,

grandfather,grandmother,granny,uncle,cousin

19.星期：Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday

20.季節(jié)類：spring,summer,autumn,winter

21.名詞性物主代詞：mine,ours,yours,his,hers,theirs

22.樂(lè)器類：piano,violin,guitar,drum,flute

23.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式：

eat-ate吃forget-forgot忘記drink一drank喝do一did做come一came

來(lái)

can——could能get—got得至give—gave給go——went去

give——gave給have/has——had有know——knew矢口道m(xù)ake—made制作run——ran

跑say—said說(shuō)see-saw看見(jiàn)swim-swam游泳

take——took拿，帶win——won獲月生be——was/were是is/am——was是are——

were是

24.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(直接+ed):

clean一cleaned打掃，清理climb—climbed爬cough-coughed咳嗽decide一

decided(直接+d決定)happen一happened發(fā)生jump一jumped跳knock一

knocked敲門measure—measured測(cè)量play——played玩pat—patted拍visit

一visited拜訪，參觀walk一walked行走want一wanted想要watch一

watched觀看weigh一weighed稱體重

25.英語(yǔ)詞組：

Lastnight昨天夜間highjump跳高sportsday運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)dohomework做作

業(yè)readabook看書watchTV看電視playfootball踢足球playbasketball

打籃球Playvoile打排球playbadminton打羽毛球playtennis打網(wǎng)球

playtabletennis打乒乓球nextSunday下周日cleanthehouse打掃房間space

suit太空服onebyone一個(gè)個(gè)visitafriend拜訪朋友lastweekend_h

周末insummer在夏天inspring在春天inautumn在秋天inwinter在冬天

inJuly在七月inMay在五月onMonday在周一

inspace在太空alotof許多eat/havebreakfast吃早飯eat/havelunch

吃午飯eat/havedinner吃晚飯goonvacation去度假gotoschool去上學(xué)

gohome回家

gethome到家havefun玩得開(kāi)心playtheguitar彈吉它Playthedrums敲

鼓playtheviolin拉小提琴playtheflute吹笛子playthepiano彈鋼琴

26.形容詞原形、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)

(1)末尾直接加est

short一shorter一theshortestlong一longer-thelongest

tall—taller一thetallestyoung一younger一theyoungest

old一older一theoldestsmall一smaller-thesmallest

(2)雙寫末尾輔音字母加er,est

big一bigger一thebiggestfat-fatter一thefattest

thin—thinner—thethinnesthot一hotter—thehottest

⑶變y為i力口er,est

heavy一heavier一theheaviesthappy一happier一thehappiest

early一earlier一theearliest

(4)多音節(jié)詞加more,most

Boring一moreboring一themostboring

difficult—moredifficult—themostdifficult

exciting一moreexciting-themostexciting

expensive一moreexpensive一themostexpensive

interesting一moreinteresting一themostinteresting

疑問(wèn)詞(what,whattime,whatcolour,where,when,who,whose,which,

how,howold,howtall,howlong,howbig,howheavy,howmuch,how

many等等)具體用法：

一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則

1.一般情況下，直接加-s,如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds

2.以s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾,力口-es,如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,

watch-watches

3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i,再加-es,如：family-families,

strawberry-strawberries

4.以"f或fe"結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v,再加-es,如：knife-knives5.不

規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men,woman-women,po1iceman-polieemen,

po1icewoman-polieewomen,mouse-micechild-children

foot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,

Japanese-Japanese

二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，也可表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語(yǔ)具備的

性格和能力。

2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句，

動(dòng)詞要按規(guī)則加上s,主語(yǔ)是非第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句，動(dòng)詞用原形。

3.在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，句中有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，否定句在be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)

動(dòng)詞后加not,一般疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在句首。4.在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，

句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)的否定句在動(dòng)詞前加

does+not(doesn,t),一般疑問(wèn)句在句首加does,句子中原有動(dòng)詞用原形;主

語(yǔ)為非第三人稱單數(shù)，否定句用do+not(don't),一般疑問(wèn)句在句首加do,句

子中動(dòng)詞用原形。

動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則

1.一般情況下，直接加-s,如：cook-cooks,milk-milks

2.以s.x.sh.ch.o結(jié)尾，力口一es,如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,

watch-watches,go-goes

3.以“輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es,如:study-studies

三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的

活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing.

3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加noto

4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。

動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則

1.一般情況下，直接加ing,如:cook-cooking

2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing,如：make-making,taste-tasting

3.如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加

ing,如：run-running,stop-stopping

四、將來(lái)時(shí)

l.begoingto表示將要發(fā)生的事或打算、計(jì)劃、決定要做的事情。

2.肯定句：begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形,如:Jimisgoingtoplayfootball.

否定句：benotgoingto+動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jimisnotgoingtoplayfootball.

一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首，如：IsJimgoingtoplayfootball?特殊

疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形？如：WhatisJimgoingtodo?疑

問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)：疑問(wèn)詞+be+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形？如：Whoisgoingtoplay

football?

五、一般過(guò)去時(shí)

1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般過(guò)去時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作感謝。

2.Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化：

(Dam和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(wasnot=wasn,t)

⑵are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(werenot=weren,t)

⑶帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和is,am,are一樣，即

否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑問(wèn)句把was或were調(diào)到句首。

3.句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子

否定