國際交往中心城市指數(shù)2024英文版-50正式版-WN8

德勤中國國際交往中心研究院InstituteofInternationalExchangeCentersDeloitteChinaInternationalExchangeCentersIndex2024Contents1.NewChangesinInternationalExchangeActivitiesinthePost-PandemicEra11.1MultipleChallengestoInternationalExchangePosedbytheCOVID-19PandemicandGeopoliticalCon?icts21.2NewFeaturesoftheInternationalEconomicSituationandGlobalizationLandscape21.3NewOpportunitiesforInternationalExchangeActivitiesBroughtbytheWaveofDigitalTechnology22.EvaluationFramework32.1EvaluationFrameworkandKeyDimensions42.2OptimizationoftheEvaluationIndicatorSystem52.3AdjustmentstoEvaluationTargets83.OverallCharacteristicsofInternationalExchangeCentersin2024103.1ComprehensiveRankings113.2GeneralCharacteristicsandNewFeaturesofInternationalExchangeCenters124.Attractiveness165.In?uence2331376.Connectivity7.NewTrendsintheDevelopmentofInternationalExchangeCenters8.ConclusionandOutlook39Appendix1OverallRankingsandRankingsofFirst-levelIndicators41Appendix2RankingsofSecond-levelIndicatorsofAttractivenessAppendix3RankingsofSecond-levelIndicatorsofIn?uenceAppendix4RankingsofSecond-levelIndicatorsofConnectivity424344AbstractInthecontemporaryera,theglobalpoliticalandeconomiclandscapeisundergoingnewchanges,andthedevelopmentofinternationalexchangecentersisshowingnewcharacteristics.TheInternationalExchangeCentersIndex2024reportisproducedbytheChinaInstituteforDevelopmentPlanning,TsinghuaUniversity(THU-CIDP)incollaborationwithDeloitteChina,basedontheoreticalresearchanddataanalysisconductedbythejointresearchteam.Againstthebackdropofglobalpost-pandemicrecovery,theIndextakesintoaccountfeaturesofthetimesuchasgeopoliticalcon?ictsandtechnologicalrevolutionstodepictthenewcharacteristicsofinternationalexchangeactivitiesinthepost-pandemicera.Itaccuratelygraspsthenewtrendsintheevolutionofinternationalexchangecenters,o?eringguidanceforpromotingtheinternationaldevelopmentandenhancingtheinternationalexchangefunctionsofmajorcitiesworldwide.TheIndexfollowsthetheoreticalsystem,indicatorframework,pandemicandenhancinginternationalin?uence.Forinstance,andtechnicalmethodsofthe?rsteditionoftheInternationaltherapidincreaseinInternetspeedinShanghaiandBeijingExchangeCentersIndexreleasedin2023.Adjustmentsandhassigni?cantlyimprovedthecities’digitalconnectivitywithoptimizationweremadetotheevaluationmethodsofsometheinternationalcommunity.Thirdly,geopoliticalcon?ictsandindicators,andsixnewcities—Brussels,Stockholm,Istanbul,regionaldisputeshaveweakenedtheinternationalexchangeRiodeJaneiro,Cairo,andJohannesburg—wereaddedascapacityofsomecitieslikeMoscow,whileenhancingtheroleofevaluationobjects,withthegoalofmorecomprehensivelyandothercitieslikeBeijing,Cairo,andParisinfacilitatinginternationalaccuratelydepictingthedevelopmentcharacteristicsoftypicaldiplomaticmediation.Asaresult,internationalexchangecentersinternationalexchangecenters.areincreasinglybecomingstrategichubsattheforefrontofgeopoliticsandotherdiscourseonglobalpublica?airs.ThereportalsoanalyzesanddiscernsnewtrendsintheAccordingtotheevaluation,London,Paris,NewYork,HongKong,Singapore,Seoul,Beijing,Tokyo,Madrid,andSanFranciscorankamongthetoptencitiesinthecomprehensiveranking,whichdevelopmentofinternationalexchangecentersfromthreeremainsgenerallystablecomparedtothepreviousreport,withdimensions:attractiveness,in?uence,andconnectivity.Itslightchangesinsomecities.Londonstillranks?rst.Parishasdelvesintokeytopicssuchasthesigni?canceofurbansecuritysurpassedNewYorktorisetosecondplace.HongKonghasandbusinessenvironmenttocities,thevalueofinternationalsurpassedSingaporeandSeoultorisetofourthplace,althoughorganizationsandinnovationcapabilitiestocities,andthethescoresofthesethreecitiesareclose.BeijingandTokyoimpactofdigitaltechnologyonurbantransformation.remaininseventhandeighthplaces,respectively,unchangedLookingahead,internationalexchangecentersfromthepreviousreport.Madrid’srankinghasimprovedbythreeplacestoninth,makingits?rstappearanceinthetopten.Thereportrevealssomenewcharacteristicsofinternationalareundergoingthetestofthevicissitudesofthetimes.Wehopethatinternationalexchangecentersinthepost-pandemicera.Firstly,citiesexchangecenterscancontinuetoserveasthathaverecoveredfromthepandemicmorequicklyhavebondsandplatformsconnectingcountriesexperiencedarelativelyfasterriseintherankings,especiallyaroundtheworld,contributingtobridgingthosethathavemadesigni?cantprogressinrestoringinternationaldirect?ightsandincreasingthenumberofinbounddi?erencesandachievingcommonpeaceandtourists,suchasDubai,Madrid,andHongKong.Secondly,prosperityforall!digitalconnectivityiscrucialforo?settingtheimpactsoftheListofMembersoftheExpertCommitteeandtheResearchGroupMembersoftheExpertCommitteeYangWeiminMemberoftheStandingCommitteeofthe13thChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConference(CPPCC)NationalFormerDeputyDirectoroftheO?ceoftheCentralLeadingGroupforFinanceandEconomicsCommittee,Vice-chairmanoftheCommitteeonEconomicA?airsoftheCPPCCNationalCommittee,JiangXiaojuanProfessorattheUniversityofChineseAcademyofSocialSciencesFormerDeputySecretary-GeneraloftheStateCouncilXueLanDistinguishedProfessorofArts,HumanitiesandSocialSciences,TsinghuaUniversityandDeanofSchwarzmanCollege,TsinghuaUniversityLiShantongFormerHeadandSeniorResearchFellowoftheDepartmentofDevelopmentStrategyandRegionalEconomyoftheDevelopmentResearchCenteroftheStateCouncilResearchGroupLeaderDeputyResearchGroupLeaderYangYonghengDeputyDeanofChinaInstituteforDevelopmentDongYuExecutiveAssociateDeanofChinaInstituteforPlanning,TsinghuaUniversity,andProfessorofDevelopmentPlanning,TsinghuaUniversity,SchoolofPublicPolicy&Management,TsinghuaandResearchfellowofInstituteforNationalUniversityGovernanceandGlobalGovernance,TsinghuaUniversityNormanSzePencePengDeloitteChinaViceChairResearchGroupMembersLiZhiChinaInstituteforDevelopmentPlanning,Partner,DeloitteInstituteofInternationalTsinghuaUniversityCongExchangeCentersGongPuChinaInstituteforDevelopmentPlanning,TracyMaPartner,DeloitteInstituteofInternationalTsinghuaUniversityFeijunExchangeCentersBiShiyaoSunXiaoYuHanyingZhuSiyaoJinShiyaoWangLingyiLiTianruiSchoolofPublicPolicy&Management,LydiaChenLanPartner,DeloitteInstituteofInternationalTsinghuaUniversityExchangeCentersSchoolofPublicPolicy&Management,WangxinPartner,DeloitteInstituteofInternationalTsinghuaUniversityExchangeCentersSchoolofPublicPolicy&Management,JohnnyZhangPartner,DeloitteInstituteofInternationalTsinghuaUniversityXiangfanExchangeCentersSchoolofPublicPolicy&Management,LilyJiFangPartner,DeloitteInstituteofInternationalTsinghuaUniversityExchangeCentersChinaInstituteforDevelopmentPlanning,ChaoSongIanZhaoLeiEstherZengDirector,DeloitteInstituteofInternationalTsinghuaUniversityExchangeCentersChinaInstituteforDevelopmentPlanning,Director,DeloitteInstituteofInternationalTsinghuaUniversityExchangeCentersChinaInstituteforDevelopmentPlanning,Manager,DeloitteInstituteofInternationalTsinghuaUniversityYuemingExchangeCentersReportAuthorYangYonghengDeputyDeanofChinaInstituteforDevelopmentPlanning,TsinghuaUniversity,andProfessorofSchoolofPublicPolicy&Management,TsinghuaUniversityGongPuDirectorofAcademicResearchDepartment,ChinaInstituteforDevelopmentPlanning,TsinghuaUniversity,andAssistantProfessorofSchoolofPublicPolicy&Management,TsinghuaUniversityAssistantDeanofChinaInstituteforDevelopmentPlanning,TsinghuaUniversityDirector,DeloitteInstituteofInternationalExchangeCentersLiZhiIanZhaoLei1.NewChangesinInternationalExchangeActivitiesinthePost-PandemicEra1.NewChangesinInternationalExchangeActivitiesinthePost-PandemicEraToday’sworldischaracterizedbyrevivalandreconstruction,wherecompetitionandcooperationcoexist,withthecontinuousemergenceoftechnologyandclashofcivilizationspromptingdeepre?ectionamonghumanity.Internationalexchangecentersareplayingincreasinglysigni?cantrolesinaddressingcommonchallengesfacinghumanity,promotingglobaldevelopment,andfacilitatingculturalexchangesandmutuallearning.However,theyarealsofacingmorecomplexandvolatileglobalpoliticalandeconomiclandscapesandnewchallengesinglobalization,necessitatingrapidadaptationandadjustments.1InternationalExchangeCentersIndex20241.1MultipleChallengestoInternational1.3NewOpportunitiesforInternationalExchangeExchangePosedbytheCOVID-19PandemicandActivitiesBroughtbytheWaveofDigitalGeopoliticalCon?ictsTechnologyIn2023,theworldeconomyovercametheimpactoftheTechnologicaladvancementsanddigitaldevelopmenthaveCOVID-19pandemic,achievingaslowrecovery.Inthepost-profoundimpactsonthecontentandformsofinternationalpandemicera,thegloballandscapeisundergoingprofoundexchanges.Onlineinternationalcommunicationsthatbecamechanges,withgeopoliticalsecurityissuesbecomingmoreprevalentduringthepandemiccontinuetosustain,withtheprominent.TheUN-centeredmultilateralgovernancesystemhasfrequencyofsuchinteractionsincreasingduetothewidespreadbeenseverelyweakened,andinternationalrelationshavebeenuseofonlinemeetings,instantmessaging,andsocialmedia.Thein?uencedbyideologicaldistractions,leadingtotheemergencebreakthroughingenerativearti?cialintelligencehashadcomplexofblocsandcamps.Theintensi?cationofgeopoliticalcon?ictsandfar-reachingimpactsonsocialinteractions,exacerbatingthehasunderscoredtheimportanceofdiplomaticmediationanddigitaldivideandintelligentdividefacedbydevelopingcountries.multilateralcoordination.Morethanever,countriesaspireSomecountriesaredrawinglinesonideologicalgrounds,usingtosolutionstoglobalsecuritychallengesandsharedhumantechnologicalmonopoliesandunilateralrestrictivemeasurestodevelopment,whichfurtherhighlightsthesigni?canceandrolecreatedevelopmentbarriers,andmanipulatingpublicopinionofinternationalexchangecenters.withAIstrengths,furthercomplicatingthepredicamentofdevelopingcountries.Itisasharedexpectationoftheglobalcommunity,especiallytheGlobalSouthcountries,thatdigital1.2NewFeaturesoftheInternationalEconomictechnologyandAIcanbetterempowerglobalcommonSituationandGlobalizationLandscapedevelopment.Exchangeofideasonhumanitiesandculturesremainsacoredrivingforceforglobalprogress,andthetrendThepandemichassigni?cantlyimpactedcross-borderpersonnelofculturalexchangewillnotchange.Theprospectofdigitalmobilityandinternationaltransportation,leadingtoaslowtechnologyempoweringinternationalexchangesandfacilitatingrecoveryofglobalconsumption.Foreign-relatedindustrieslikeexchangeamongcivilizationsispromising.internationaltourism,hotelscateringtointernationalguests,Placingitsresearchinthebackgroundinternationalbusinessservicesandexhibitionshavebeengreatlya?ected.Internationaltradehasbeenincreasinglyin?uencedoftheworldeconomy’sslowrecoverybynon-economicfactors,withclosereconomictiesbetweenfromtheCOVID-19pandemic,theUkrainetheUnitedStatesandEuropeandthereshoringoftransnationalsupplychainstodevelopedcountriesandtheirneighboringcrisis,andotherimpacts,theInternationalregions.Theglobalresourceallocationmodel,formedthroughExchangeCentersIndex2024aimstostudythedecades-longglobalizationprocess,stillholdssigni?cantthenewcharacteristicsofinternationaladvantages.Inthepost-pandemicera,thetransnational?owofcapital,technology,andtalentisgraduallyrecovering,andexchangeactivitiesinthepost-pandemicera,attemptstoerectbarrierscannotalterthehistoricaltrendofcomprehensivelyandaccuratelygrasptheglobaleconomicdevelopment.newtrendsintheevolutionofcitiesservingasinternationalexchangecenters,therebyo?eringreferenceonpromotinginternationaldevelopmentandenhancinginternationalexchangefunctionsofmajorcitiesworldwide.22.TheoreticalModelandEvaluationFramework2.EvaluationFramework3InternationalExchangeCentersIndex20242.1EvaluationFrameworkandKeyDimensionsInternationalexchangecentersneedtohaveatleastthreebasicfunctions:(1)Toattractandgatherinternationalhigh-Internationalexchangecentersareglobalorregionalcentralenddevelopmentelements.(2)Toexertsigni?cantin?uenceincitiescapableofconnectingandservingtheworld,globala?airssuchasdiplomacy,globalgovernance,economicattractinginternationalhigh-endelements,andplayingdevelopment,sci-techinnovation,aswellascultureandsigni?cantrolesinglobala?airs.Theyarekeynodesandeducation.(3)Toconnectandservetheworld.hubplatformsinthedynamicnetworkofinternationalexchanges.TheessenceofinternationalexchangecentersliesBasedontheaboveunderstanding,theIndexretainstheinthreeaspects:theirabilityandpotentialtopromoteglobalthree?rst-levelindicators—Attractiveness,In?uence,andpolitical,economic,technological,andculturalexchanges;theirConnectivity—toevaluatethedevelopmentstatusandin?uenceandcontributionstoglobaldevelopment,internationalpotentialofinternationalexchangecentersfromtheperspectivesa?airs,andhumancivilization;andtheircapabilitiestoaggregateofconcentrationoffactors,reachofin?uence,andandallocateglobalresources,aswellasinstitutions,platforms,connectivity.TheevaluationframeworkisshowninFigure1.andrulessupportingsuchcapabilities.Figure1EvaluationFrameworkInternationalexchangecenterLivabilityInternationala?airsSci-techinnovationBusiness-friendlinessCareer-friendlinessTourism-friendlinessEconomicdevelopmentCultureandeducationAttractivenessIn?uenceIn?owSpillovere?ectCityACityDCityBCityCConnectivityTransportconnectionDigitalnetworkBusinesscommunication42.TheoreticalModelandEvaluationFrameworkThekeydimensionsisshowninFigure2.Figure2KeyDimensionsAttractivenessIn?uenceConnectivityLivabilityInternationala?airsSci-techinnovationTransportconnectionDigitalnetworkBusiness-friendlinessCareer-friendlinessTourism-friendlinessEconomicdevelopmentCultureandeducationBusinesscommunicationAttractivenessreferstotheconditionsthatattractglobalwiththeworld,whichisunderpinnedbylogisticsinfrastructurehumancapital,physicalcapitalandotherhigh-endfactor(transportconnection),digitalinfrastructure(digitalnetwork),asresourcestothecity.Internationalexchangecentercitiesoftenwellasinformationandpersonnelexchangeplatforms(businesspossesscertainallureor“magnetism”thatmakesthemmorecommunication),amongothers.Thesefactorsarealsoessentialattractivetoglobalhigh-endtalent,internationalenterprisesforacitytoengageininternationalexchanges,enhanceitsandoverseastourists.Intermsofattractiveness,aninternationalattractiveness,andshowin?uence.exchangecentercityshouldatleastbeadesirableplacetolive(livability),togetajoborstartabusiness(career-friendliness),to2.2OptimizationoftheEvaluationIndicatorinvestandengageinbusinessactivities(business-friendliness),Systemandtotravelandshop(tourism-friendliness).In?uencereferstothepotentialtoplayakeyroleinallocatingTheIndexfollowstheprinciplesof“science-baseddesign,resourcesandleadingdevelopmentinregionalorglobalsimplecomposition,datacomparabilityandpracticalpolitical,economic,scienti?c,technologicalandcultural?elds.guidance”andbuildsupontheevaluationsystemoftheInternationalexchangecentersareoftendriversofeconomicpreviousreport.Adjustmentshavebeenmadetosomethird-development,sourcesofsci-techinnovations,magnetsforlevelindicatorsundersecond-leveldimensionstooptimizeinternationalorganizations,andcontributorstotheprogressindicatormeasurementandenhancethereliabilityandofhumancivilizations.Intermsofin?uence,aninternationalvalidityoftheindicatorsystem.Themainadjustedindicatorsexchangecentercityshouldatleastbeabletoparticipateinincludeseventhird-levelindicatorsunder?vesecond-internationala?airs(internationala?airs),leadsci-techinnovationleveldimensions:livability,tourism-friendliness,sci-(sci-techinnovation),driveglobaleconomicdevelopmenttechinnovation,cultureandeducation,andtransport(economicdevelopment)andshowcasetheachievementsofconnection.Thespeci?cadjustmentsareasfollows:humancivilizations(cultureandeducation).(1)AdjustmenttotheLivabilityIndicatorConnectivityreferstothescopeandintensityofinterconnectivitybetweenacityandtherestoftheworld.Thethird-levelindicatorofmurderratehasbeenupdatedInternationalexchangecenters,whichtendtopossessstrongtocrimerateindex.Whilethemurderrateisanimportantcapabilitiesinglobalconnectionandcommunication,serveindicatorandisrepresentativeofacity’ssecuritylevel,itisashubsforlinkingtheirrespectivecountrieswiththerestofnotcompleteandadequate.The2024Indexincorporatesthetheworld.Theconnectivityofacityismainlyaboutitslinkagenumberofprisonersper100,000inhabitantsasanindicator5InternationalExchangeCentersIndex2024andcombinesitwiththemurderrateindicatorwithequalAdditionally,theIndexintroducesthehigh-levelhumanitiesweightingtoformthecrimerateindex.Thenumberofprisonersandsocialsciencespaperindex,whichiscomposedoftheper100,000inhabitantsre?ectstheproportionofo?endersinnumberofhighlycitedpapers,theproportionofhighlycitedacountrywhomeetthestandardforimprisonment,coveringapapers,andthenumberofhotpapersintheSocialSciencewiderspectrumofcriminalbehaviors.ThenewcompositeindexCitationIndex(SSCI)andArtsandHumanitiesCitationIndexbetterre?ectstheoverallsecurityofacityanditscountry.(AHCI),weightedandcombinedinastandardizedmanner.(2)AdjustmenttotheTourism-Friendliness(5)AdjustmenttotheTransportConnectionIndicatorIndicatorTheindicatorforpercapitaconsumptionofinboundTheIndeximprovesthecalculationmethodofthedensityoftouristshasbeenremovedduetoitssusceptibilitytotheinternational?ightconnections,de?ningitastheactualvaryingpricelevelsofdifferentcitiesandthelackofaunifiednumberof?ightsdepartingfromthecity’sairportsandcalculationmethodanddatasource.TheIndexnowonlyreachingoverseascitiesthroughdirectorstopover?ights,retainsthenumberofinboundtouriststomeasureacity’sdividedbythenumberofcitieswithinternationaldirect?ightstourism-friendliness.withthecity.Theactualnumberofinternational?ightscanbetterre?ecttherealpictureof?ightconnectionsbetween(3)AdjustmenttotheSci-TechInnovationinternationalcities.IndicatorThroughtheseadjustmentsandoptimization,theevaluationsystemfortheInternationalTheindicatorforthenumberofhighlycitedscienti?cpapershasbeenupdatedtothehigh-levelscienti?cpaperindex.ThisExchangeCentersIndexisshowninTable1.indexcomprisesthenumberofhighlycitedpaperspublishedDetailedcalculationmethodsandindicatorinScienceCitationIndex(SCI)journals,theproportionofhighlycitedpapers,andthenumberofhotpapers,allofexplanationsareprovidedinthetechnicalwhichareweightedandcombinedinastandardizedmanner.appendix.Thecompositeindexprovidesamorecomprehensiveevaluationofacity’scapabilitiesinbasicresearchandoriginalinnovationfromtheperspectivesoflong-termaccumulationandfrontierFortheactualcalculation,mostindicatorsinnovation.usedatafromtheendof2023tore?ectthe(4)AdjustmenttotheCultureandEducationlatestsituationafterthepandemic.However,Indicatorforsomeindicators,datafromthelatestyearavailableisusedduetodataavailabilityTheIndexassignsdi?erentweightstothenumberoftopglobaluniversitiesaccordingtotheirrankingsegments.Theconstraints.Inaddition,asthestatisticalnumberoftopuniversitiesineachcityisweightedtoformasystemsindi?erentcountriesvary,someglobaltopuniversityindex,incorporatingboththequantityandqualityofuniversities.indicatorsarebasedonthedatareleasedbytheadministrativecities,whileothersonthatofthemetropolitanareas.62.TheoreticalModelandEvaluationFrameworkTable1TheEvaluationSystemforInternationalExchangeCenters2024IndexScoreofeducationinTheGlobalLivabilityIndexofscoretheEconomistIntelligenceUnit(EIU)IndexScoreofhealthcareinTheGlobalLivabilityIndexofInternationalCongress&ConventionAssociation(ICCA)NumberscoreEconomistIntelligenceUnit(EIU)GradescoreTheGlobalAssociationoftheNumberExhibitionIndustry(UFI)MbpsIndexscoreUnitedNationsO?ceonDrugsandCrime(UNODC);City-DataCalculatedbasedonSpeedtest’sdataCalculatedIndexscoreWorldBankbasedonSpeedtest’sdataMbpsIndexscoreStartupBlinkCalculatedbasedonthedataofvari?ight.comNumberBusinessLivabilitycommunication（1/12）（1/9）Business-friendliness（1/12）Digitalnetwork（1/9）Career-ConnectivityAttractivenessfriendliness（1/3）（1/3）（1/12）Numberofcitieswith1/18directinternational?ightsTransportconnectionTourism-（1/9）friendlinessIn?uence（1/12）（1/3）CultureandInternationaleducationa?airs（1/12）（1/12）EconomicSci-techdevelopmentinnovation（1/12）（1/12）Score10,000CalculatedpersonsbasedonEuromonitorthedataofandopenvari?governmentdataClarivateNumberNumberCollatedbasedonIndexscoreinformationfromUniversities’rankingreleasedNumberpublicsourcesbyTimesandShanghaiRankingUnitedNationsEducational,UnionofInternationalAssociations(UIA)NumberScienti?candCulturalNumberUnionofInternationalAssociations(UIA)Organization(UNESCO)IndexscoreClarivateGlobalizationandWorldCitiesRankingZ/YenGroupResearchNetwork(GaWC)CalculatedbasedontheGlobalInnovationIndexreleasedNumberIndexscorebytheWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization(WIPO)FortuneMagazineNumberInternational$OECDdatabase;WorldBank,statisticsofvariouscountriesNote:meansreverseindicators,whicharesubjecttoNMMSuponcalculation.7InternationalExchangeCentersIndex20242.3AdjustmentstoEvaluationTargetspolitical,economic,technological,andculturaldevelopmentlevelsofeachcity,aswellasdataavailabilityandinternationalAfterreferringtothewell-establishedinternationalcitycomparability.Someofthesecitiesarealreadyrecognizedevaluationreports,theIndexultimatelyselected43citiesbasedinternationalexchangecenters,whileothershavethepotentialIonthethreedimensions,namely,attractiveness,in?uence,andtobecomeone.connectivity.TheselectionprocessalsotookintoaccounttheIPleaserefertoInternationalExchangeCentersIndex2022,page12.Figure3DistributionofCitiesEvaluatedCopenhagenBerlinStockholm*AmsterdamLondonFrankfurtViennaMoscowTorontoMontrealBrussels*ParisMunichSeattleBarcelonaZurichBostonNewYorkWashington,D.C.ChicagoGenevaBeijingSanFranciscoLosAngelesSanDiegoMadridRomeIstanbul*SeoulTokyoShanghaiCairo*GuangzhouShenzhenHongKongDubaiMexicoCitySingaporeNairobiJohannesburg*RiodeJaneiro*SydneyMelbourneNote:(*)indicatesnewlyevaluatedcities.82.TheoreticalModelandEvaluationFrameworkTable2SNListofCitiesEvaluatedCityCountry1AmsterdamNetherlands2BarcelonaSpain3BeijingChina4BerlinGermany5BostonUSA6Brussels*Belgium7Cairo*Egypt8ChicagoUSA9CopenhagenDenmark10DubaiUAE11FrankfurtGermany12GenevaSwitzerland13GuangzhouChina14HongKongChina15Istanbul*Turkey16Johannesburg*SouthAfrica17LondonUK18LosAngelesUSA19MadridSpain20MelbourneAustralia21MexicoCityMexico22MontrealCanada23MoscowRussia24MunichGermany25NairobiKenya26NewYorkUSA27ParisFrance28RiodeJaneiro*Brazil29RomeItaly30SanDiegoUSA31SanFranciscoUSA32SeattleUSA33SeoulSouthKorea34ShanghaiChina35ShenzhenChina36SingaporeSingapore37Stockholm*Sweden38SydneyAustralia39TokyoJapan40TorontoCanada41ViennaAustria42Washington,D.C.USA43ZurichSwitzerlandNote:Sortedbyalphabeticalorder.Citiesmarkedwithanasterisk(*)arenewlyevaluatedcities.Itisimportanttonotethatalthoughtherearemanycitiesworldwidethatsharecertainfeaturesofinternationalexchangecenters,theIndexonlyincludesthe43citiesduetolimitationsinresearchresourcesanddataavailability.Whenconditionspermit,morecitieswillbegraduallyincorporatedinfutureevaluations.9InternationalExchangeCentersIndex20243.OverallCharacteristicsofInternationalExchangeCentersin2024103.OverallCharacteristicsofInternationalExchangeCentersin2024Withtheabove-mentionedevaluationsystem,theIndexcalculatedthecomprehensivescoresandrankingsofthe43internationalexchangecentercitiesasshowninFigure4(forcalculationmethods,pleaseseeAppendix).3.1ComprehensiveRankingsFromtheevaluationoftheIndex,thetoptencitiesinthecomprehensiverankingsareLondon,Paris,NewYork,HongKong,Singapore,Seoul,Beijing,Tokyo,Madrid,andSanFrancisco.Figure4ComprehensiveScoresandRankingsofAllCitiesEvaluatedLondonParis????????????????????.???.???.???.???.???.???.???.???.?Nairobi????

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