Unit 2 Topic 2【速記清單】-2023-2024學(xué)年八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)單元速記•巧練（仁愛(ài)版）（教師版）

第頁(yè)Unit2KeepinghealthyTopic2Imustaskhimtogiveupsmoking.Unit2Topic2重點(diǎn)詞匯1. cause v.使發(fā)生，引起，導(dǎo)致n.原因，起因2. litter n.廢棄物，垃圾v.亂丟雜物

3. dustbin n.垃圾箱4. fingernail n.指甲5. meal n.一餐(飯)6. article n.文章；物品；冠詞7. smoke v.吸煙；冒煙；n.煙8. even adv.甚至，即使9. cancer n.癌，癌癥10. energy n.精力，活力，干勁11. necessary adj.必需的，必要的12. cabbage n.卷心菜，洋白菜13. staple n.主食14. wheat n.小麥15. salt n.鹽，食鹽16. sugar n.食糖17. weak adj.虛弱的,無(wú)力的18. cream n.奶油，乳脂19. force v.強(qiáng)迫，迫使20. plate n.盤(pán)子,碟子；一盤(pán)21. mad adj.瘋的22. taste v.嘗，品，吃；n.品味，審美23. watermelon n.西瓜24. potato

chips n.薯?xiàng)l25. sandwich n.三明治（夾心面包片）26. beef n.牛肉27. biscuit n.餅干28. etc. abbr.等等，以及其他29. shower n.&v.淋浴30. fact n.事實(shí)，真相；現(xiàn)實(shí)31. cigarette n.香煙，紙煙32. body n.身體33. disease n.病，疾病34. smoker n.吸煙者35. second-hand adj.二手的，舊的36. risk n.危險(xiǎn)，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)v.（使）冒…的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)1. tired adj.疲倦的，疲勞的→tiringadj.令人疲倦的2. without prep.沒(méi)有,缺乏；不和……在一起→反義詞：with和;跟;與...一起3. active adj.積極的，活躍的→activelyadv.積極地；活躍地→activityn.活動(dòng)；行動(dòng)；活躍→actionn.行動(dòng)；情節(jié)4. tomato n.西紅柿，番茄→復(fù)數(shù)：tomatoes5. illness n.病，疾病→illadj.生病的；壞的6. childhood n.童年，幼年→childn.兒童→childrenn.兒童（復(fù)數(shù)）7. surprised adj.感動(dòng)驚訝的，出人意料的→surprisingadj.令人驚奇的→surprisen.驚喜8. potato n.土豆，馬鈴薯→復(fù)數(shù)：potatoes9. strawberry n.草莓→復(fù)數(shù)：strawberries10. unhealthy adj.不健康的→反義詞：healthyadj.健康的→healthn.健康11. chemicaln.化學(xué)品→chemistryn.化學(xué)12. possible adj.可能，能做到→反義詞：impossibleadj.不可能的13. harm v.&n.危害,傷害，損害→harmfuladj.有害的重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.stayuplate熬夜到很晚2.domorningexercises做早操3.throwlitteraround到處亂扔垃圾4.readinthesun在太陽(yáng)下讀書(shū)5.inthenewspaper在報(bào)紙上6.giveupdoingsth.放棄做某事7.showsth.tosb.=showsb.sth.把某物給某人看8.It’s+adj.+forsb.todosth.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事……9.becarefulnottodosth.小心不要做某事10.forcesb.todosth.迫使某人做某事11.leaveforsp.前往某地12.assoonas…一……就……13.get/bemad發(fā)瘋14.besurprisedtodosth.驚奇于做某事15.infact事實(shí)上16.assoonaspossible盡可能快的重點(diǎn)句型1.Stayinguplateisbadforyourhealth.熬夜到很晚對(duì)你的健康有害。2.Imusthaveagoodrest.我一定要好好休息。3.You’dbetternotreadinthesun.你最好不要在太陽(yáng)下讀書(shū)。4.Imustaskhimtogiveupsmoking.我一定讓他放棄抽煙。5.Hethinkssmokingcanhelphimrelax.他認(rèn)為抽煙可以幫他放松。6.Itmayevencausecancer.它甚至導(dǎo)致癌癥。7.MayIborrowyournewspaperandshowittomyfather?我可以借你的報(bào)紙給我爸爸看看嗎？8.Howterrible!多么糟糕呀！9.It’sbadforyourhealth.這對(duì)你健康有害。10.Itwillkeepyouactiveduringtheday.它會(huì)使你一天之間保持活躍。語(yǔ)法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（二）：must,mustn’t,may,can【考點(diǎn)1】IwatchedasoccergameonTVlastnightandwenttobedverylate.昨晚我在電視上看了一場(chǎng)足球比賽，很晚才睡覺(jué)?！颈嫖觥縲atch,read,see和look⑴read主要用于讀書(shū)、看報(bào)等。⑵see和watch有相似之處，用于觀(guān)看比賽、電視節(jié)目、演出、電影等，但see主要強(qiáng)調(diào)看的結(jié)果。⑶look意為“看，瞧”，是不及物動(dòng)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作。 【典例】1.Ican______manybirdsinthetree.2.Jacklikes______footballgamesverymuch.3.Ilike______storybooks.4.______!Lilyissingingnow.5.I______hercleaningtheclassroom.【參考答案】1.see2.watching3.reading4.Look5.saw【考點(diǎn)2】Stayinguplateisbadforyourhealth.熬夜對(duì)你的健康有害。【詳解】（1）動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)stayuplate意為“熬夜”。動(dòng)詞做主語(yǔ)用動(dòng)名詞形式（-ing形式）或動(dòng)詞不定式（todo形式），謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。（2）bebadfor意為“對(duì)…有害”；其反義詞組為begoodfor意為“對(duì)…有益；對(duì)…有好處”【典例】1.________(swim)isagoodsportinsummer.2.________(smoke)isnotgood______health.吸煙對(duì)健康不利。【參考答案】1.Swimming2.Smoking;for【考點(diǎn)3】Imusthaveagoodrest.我必須要好好休息?！驹斀狻縨ust是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為“必須，應(yīng)該；一定要”，后接動(dòng)詞原形。表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的意志和義務(wù)或表示說(shuō)話(huà)人強(qiáng)烈的要求和命令?！就卣埂浚?）must的否定式為mustnot，縮寫(xiě)為mustn’t，意為“不應(yīng)該，不準(zhǔn)；禁止”等。構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，只需將must置于主語(yǔ)前，在句尾加問(wèn)號(hào)?？隙ɑ卮鹨话阌胢ust，否定回答用needn’t或don’thaveto。（2）must可以用來(lái)表示肯定的推測(cè)，意為“肯定，一定”，其否定形式為can’t，意為“不可能”?！镜淅?．—MustIhavesuppernow,Mom?—No,you________.A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t2．You________crosstheroadonaredlight.A．must B．haveto C．mustn’t D．don’thaveto3．—Let’sgoclimbingthisafternoon.—You________bejoking!Ihaveafearofheights!A．can B．may C．must D．should4．Thisriveristoodeep.You________swiminit.A．mustn’t B．may C．needn’t D．can【參考答案】1.C2.C3.C4.A【考點(diǎn)4】goingtoschoolwithoutbreakfast不吃早飯去上學(xué)【詳解】without是介詞，意為“沒(méi)有；缺乏”，后面跟名詞/代詞/動(dòng)名詞，一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，常用于句末用作狀語(yǔ)?！炬溄印縲ithout的反義詞為with，意為“有”?！镜淅?．—Don’tworry_____yourself.Drinksomehottea_____honey.—Thankyou.A．a(chǎn)bout;in B．a(chǎn)bout;with C．with;about D．with;in2．______aglassofwaterinhishand,Mikewalkedintohisbedroom.A．By B．For C．With D．From3．Breakfastisimportant.Soyoushouldn’tgotoschool________it.A．a(chǎn)t B．for C．without D．of【參考答案】1.B2.C3.C【考點(diǎn)5】Imustaskhimtogiveupsmoking.我必須要求他戒煙。【詳解】giveup（doing）sth.意為“放棄做某事”。giveup接人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí)將人稱(chēng)代詞放在兩詞中間?！颈嫖觥縨ust和haveto都表示“必須；不得不”，但它們之間也有細(xì)微差別。（1）must用以表示說(shuō)話(huà)者命令或期待做成某事，沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)和詞性的變化。（2）haveto用于他人發(fā)出指令或操縱的情況下，側(cè)重指說(shuō)話(huà)人個(gè)人的責(zé)任或義務(wù)，有各種時(shí)態(tài)和詞形的變化?！镜淅?.—MayIsmokehere?—No,you________.Thisisano-smokingroom.A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.need D.wouldn’t2.Itisinthelibrary.You__________talkloudly.A.maynot B.wouldn't C.needn't D.mustn't3.Mike_____finishtheworkatonce.Hecanfinishittomorrow.A.must B.haveto C.shouldn't D.doesn'thaveto【參考答案】1.A2.D3.D【考點(diǎn)6】shehadtodrinkaglassofmilkbecausehermotherwasalwayswatchingher.她不得不喝一杯牛奶，因?yàn)樗龐寢尶偸强粗??！驹斀狻勘揪涫且粋€(gè)主從復(fù)合句，從句是由從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的表示“原因”的狀語(yǔ)從句，它既可以置于主句之后，也可以置于其前。置于主句之前時(shí)，常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。【拓展】because與介詞of連用，意為“因?yàn)椤保莖f的后面只能接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，而不能接從句?！咀⒁狻縲hy提問(wèn)時(shí)，只能用because回答；because不能和so連用。【典例】1.Icamehere_____Iwanttotalktoyou.2.Sorry!Iamlate_____thetraffic.3.Johnlikeskoalas______theyarereallycute.A.becauseB.soC.andD.but4.—WhydoyouwanttojointheMusicClub,Dave?—Just______Iamgoodatsinging.A.becauseB.soC.butD.or【參考答案】1.because2.becauseof3.A4.A【考點(diǎn)7】AssoonasMichaelsawit,hegotmad.邁克爾一看到它，就火冒三丈?！驹斀狻浚?）assoonas意為“一…就”。由assoonas引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作馬上就發(fā)生。從句位于主句前后均可。如果主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。（2）getmad意為“生氣”?！镜淅?.ThemeetingwillstartassoonasMr.Li_______here.A.arrivedB.arrivesC.wasarrivingD.willarrive2.Thesoccerfanscheered______theyheardtheexcitingnews.A.eventhoughB.inorderthatC.assoonasD.aslongas【參考答案】1.B2.C【考點(diǎn)8】Hewassurprisedtofindthatitwasdelicious.他驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)它很好吃?！驹斀狻縝esurprisedtodo意為“對(duì)…感到驚訝/意外”?！就卣埂浚?）surprise為動(dòng)詞，意為“使驚奇；使詫異”。（2）surprise為名詞，意為“驚奇；驚訝”；toone’ssurprise意為“令某人驚訝的是…”【鏈接】besurprisedatsb./sth.意為“對(duì)某人/某事感到很驚訝”?！镜淅?．Allthestudentsfelt________whentheysawtheexcellentscientist.A．surprised B．surprising C．bored D．boring2．Tomy________,hewasn’tsadwhenhelostoneofhisarmsinthecaraccident.A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising D．surprises3．Lucywassowhenshesawherteacherstandinginherbedroomyesterday.(surprise)4．AmycanspeakEnglishverywell.Buttoour(surprised),sheonlylearneditforoneyear.5．Theyweresurprised(see)eachotheragain【參考答案】1．A2．A3．surprised4．surprise5．tosee【考點(diǎn)9】Thesmokefromcigarettesharmsnotonlysmokers,butotherpeople.香煙的煙霧不僅危害吸煙者，也危害其他人?！驹斀狻浚?）harm動(dòng)詞，意為“危害；傷害；損害”；名詞，意為“危害；傷害；損害”。（2）notonly…but(also)意為“不僅…而且；既…又”，用于連接兩個(gè)性質(zhì)相同的詞或短語(yǔ)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的also有時(shí)可以省略?！镜淅?．______myfriend______mycousinlikessoftmusic.Theyoftenlistentoit.A．Both;and B．Either;or C．Neither;nor D．Notonly;butalso2．_______mydad_______mymumcooksbreakfastforme.Ialwaysbuysomebreadandmilk.A．Either…or… B．Neither…nor… C．Both…and… D．Notonly…butalso…3．—Smokingis______toeveryone,Dad.—You’reright,Mary.Iwilltrymybesttostopit.A．careful B．useful C．harmful D．helpful4．Don’teattoomanysweets.Theyare(harm)toyourteeth.【參考答案】1．D2．B3．C4．harmful【考點(diǎn)10】Theymustgiveupsmokingassoonaspossible.他們必須盡快戒煙?！驹斀狻縜s…aspossible意為“盡量…地”，可以與as…asonecan互換使用【典例】1.Pleasecomeas______as______.請(qǐng)盡可能早來(lái).2.I’llcomebackas______aspossible.=I’llcomebackas______as____________.我會(huì)盡快回來(lái)。【參考答案】1．early；possible2.soon;soon;Ican【考點(diǎn)】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（must/mustn’t;may;can/could)1.can的用法:(1)表示能力時(shí)一般譯為“能、會(huì)”，即有種能力，尤其是生來(lái)具備的能力，此時(shí)may和must均不可代替它。如：Shecanswimfast,butIcan’t.她能游得很快，但我不能。Icanseewithmyeyes.我用眼睛看。(2)表示許可，常在口語(yǔ)中。如：Youcanusemydictionary.你可以用我的字典。(3)表示推測(cè)，意為“可能”，常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，此時(shí)can’t譯為“不可能”。如：Canthenewsbetrue?這個(gè)消息會(huì)是真的嗎？2.could的用法：(1)can的過(guò)去式，意為“能、會(huì)”，表示過(guò)去的能力。如：Hecouldwritepoemswhenhewas10.他十歲時(shí)就會(huì)寫(xiě)詩(shī)。(2)could在疑問(wèn)句中，表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣，此時(shí)could沒(méi)有過(guò)去式的意思。如:CouldIuseyourpen?我能用一下你的鋼筆嗎?Yes,youcan.可以。（注意回答）3.may的用法：(1)表示請(qǐng)求、許可，比can正式。如：MayIborrowyourbike?我可以借你的自行車(chē)嗎？Youmaygohomenow.現(xiàn)在你可以回家了。(2)表示推測(cè)，談?wù)摽赡苄?，意為“可能，或許”，一般用于肯定句中。如：Itmayraintomorrow.明天可能會(huì)下雨。Shemaybeathome.她可能在家呢.4.must的用法：(1)must表示主觀(guān)看法，意為“必須、一定”。如：YoumuststayhereuntilIcomeback.在我回來(lái)之前你必須待在這兒。MustIhandinmyhomeworkrightnow?我必須現(xiàn)在交作業(yè)嗎？(2)其否定形式mustn’t表示“一定不要”“千萬(wàn)別”“禁止，不許”。如：Youmustn’tplaywithfire.你不許玩火。Youmustn’tbelate.你一定不要遲到。(3)對(duì)must引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答為must，否定回答為needn’t或don’thaveto.如：MustIfinishmyhomeworknow?我現(xiàn)在必須完成作業(yè)嗎？No,youneedn’t.不，你不必。(4)must表示有把握的推測(cè)，用于肯定句。如:Thelightison,sohemustbeathomenow.燈亮著，他現(xiàn)在肯定在家。【典例】1．—MustIgohome?—No,you_____.Enjoyyourselfatthepark!A．needn’t B．can’t C．mustn’t2．Accordingtotherule,students________taketheircellphonestotheclassroom.A．wouldn’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t3．—________youcometomypartyonSaturday?—I’mafraidnot.Ihavetheflu.A．Can B．Should C．Must D．Need4．—Nick,________youfinishtheworkintenminutes?—Yes,Ican.A．must B．can C．should D．need5．—Pleasebequiet.Ourteacheriscoming.—It________beourteacher.Sheishavinganimportantmeetingnow.A．mustn’t B．can’t C．must D．need6．—Ialwaysfeeltired.—You__________domoreexercisetomakeyourselfstronger.A．shouldnot B．should C．willnot D．will7．—Excuseme,________youpleasesayitagain?Ididn’thearyouclearly.—Yes,ofcourse.A．could B．should C．need D．must8．You________crosstheroadonaredlight.A．must B．haveto C．mustn’t D．don’thaveto9．—MustIfinishittoday?—________.Youcandoittomorrow.A．No,youdon’thaveto B．No,youmustn’t C．Yes,youcan二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空10．DoesMaryhaveto(study)hardatEnglish?11．Studentsdonothaveto(go)toschoolatweekends.12．Youcan(invitation)yourgoodfriendtoyourparty.13．Everyonemustnot(smoke)inthelibrary.14．Hecan(do)wellinmath.15．Weshouldgotobedearlyand（get）upearlytokeephealthy.【參考答案】1．A【詳解】句意：——我必須回家嗎？——不，你不必。在公園玩得開(kāi)心！考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。needn’t不必；can’t不能；mustn’t禁止。根據(jù)“MustI...”可知其否定回答為No,youneedn’t。故選A。2．C【詳解】句意：根據(jù)規(guī)定，學(xué)生不得將手機(jī)帶到教室?？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞。wouldn’t不會(huì)；needn’t不必；mustn’t禁止。根據(jù)“taketheircellphonestotheclassroom.”可知是禁止學(xué)生帶手機(jī)進(jìn)教室。故選C。3．A【詳解】句意：——你星期六能來(lái)參加我的聚會(huì)嗎？——恐怕不能。我得了流感?？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞辨析。Can可以；Should應(yīng)該；Must必須；Need需要。根據(jù)“I’mafraidnot.Ihavetheflu.”可知，此處問(wèn)能否來(lái)參加聚會(huì)，情態(tài)動(dòng)