2022屆安徽省亳州市第五中學高三上學期期中考試英語試題解析版

亳州五中2021-2022學年度第一學期高三年級期中考試英語試題第一局部：聽力〔共兩節(jié)，總分值30分〕第一節(jié)〔共5小題；每題分，總分值分〕聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最正確選項，并標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來答復有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whenisthedoctoravailable?A.At9:30.B.At10:45.C.At11:00.2.Whatdoesthewomanprefertodo?A.Gotoamovie.B.WatchTV.C.Goshopping.3.Whyisthemangoingtothelibrary?A.Toborrowsomebooks.B.Toreturnsomebooks.C.Togethiskeysback.4.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Atapostoffice.B.Atabookingoffice.C.Atanairport.5.Whatdoesthemanthinkofhisnewcar?A.Disappointing.B.Perfect.C.Expensive.第二節(jié)〔共15小題；每題分，總分值分〕聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最正確選項，并標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每題5秒鐘。聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，答復第6至7題。6.Whichmajordoesthemanprefer?A.Physics.B.Medicine.C.Law.7.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Plansforstudyingabroad.B.After-classactivities.C.Universitycourses.聽第7段材料，答復第8至9題。8.Wherearethespeakers?A.Onthe2ndstreet.B.Onthe3rdstreet.C.Onthe15thstreet.9.HowwillthewomangototheNationalMuseum?A.Onfoot.B.Bybus.C.Bysubway.聽第8段材料，答復第10至12題。10.Whatdifficultydidthemanhaveinstartinghisbusiness?A.Alackofexperience.B.Asmallsocialcircle.C.Alowstartasawaiter.11.Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Attendameeting.B.Findabetterjob.C.StudyEnglish.12.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Customerandwaiter.B.Bossandsecretary.C.Interviewerandinterviewee.聽第9段材料，答復第13至16題。13.WhomightbeMr.Sellers?A.Adepartmenthead.B.Acompanydirector.C.Anapartmentowner.14.Howmanybedroomsarethereinthehouse?A.One.B.Two.C.Four.15.Whenshouldthewomanpayfortherent?A.Before9thpermonth.B.After10thpermonth.C.Before11thpermonth.16.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Thekitchenisfullyequipped.B.Thebathroomhasawalk-incloset.C.Thewomanwillpay＄175permonth.聽第10段材料，答復第17至20題。17.Howoldisthegroundwaterinthedeserts?A.400yearsold.B.10,000yearsold.C.800,000yearsold.18.Whatdopeoplethinkofthegroundwater?A.Expensive.B.Interesting.C.Helpful.19.WhatdoweknowaboutthegroundwaterinNamibia?A.Itisofhighquality.B.Itissweeterthananyotherwater.C.Itisonlygoodforfarming.20.Howdidpeoplecollectwaterbeforethegroundwaterwasfound?A.Fromtherain.B.Fromtwowells.C.Fromtworivers.第二局部：閱讀理解〔共兩節(jié)，總分值40分〕第一節(jié)〔共15小題；每題2分，總分值30分〕閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的四個選項〔A、B、C和D〕中，選出最正確選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AAfrica’sMostAmazingPlacestoVisitPyramidsofGiza,EgyptThemostfamousofthestructuresatGiza,nearCairo,thePyramidofKingKhufuwasbuiltaround2650BCfrom2.5millionblocksofstone.Itssidesfacenorth,south,eastandwest.SaharaDunes,MoroccoThemostuser-friendlypartoftheSaharaisaccessiblefromthenorthernedgeofMorocco.YoucancampoutinTazzarine,whererunnersfromallovertheworldcompletetheweeklongMarathoneveryspring.ThefootoftheMerzougaDunesisthebestlocationforgazingatstars,totallyfreeoflightpollution.LakeRetba(LacRose),SenegalTherearefewpinklakesintheworldandoneofthem,LakeRetba,alsocalledLacRosebylocalsisintheCap-VertpeninsulainSenegal.ThebesttimestoseethelakeatitspinkestisduringSenegal’sdryseason,betweenNovemberandJune.NyikaPlateauNationalPark,MalawiWithaplateaucutbynumerousriversthatreachLakeMalawibywayofwaterfallsofftheeasternedgeofthemountains,Nyika,thelargestnationalparkinMalawi,isoneofthemostbeautifulinAfrica.TheeasternborderoftheplateauformsthewalloftheGreatRiftValley.Thegreatdomesofhillshavegentleslopes,makingNyikaperfectforbothhikingandmountainbikingaswellasJeepexploration.1.Whichcountrywillyougoifyouwanttowatchstars?A.Malawi. B.Morocco. C.Egypt. D.Senegal.2.Whenisthebesttimetoseethepinkestlake?A.July. B.September. C.October. D.January.3.WhatmakesNyikaoneofthemostbeautifulparksinAfrica?A.Plants. B.Animals. C.Waters. D.Sports.【答案】1.B2.D3.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了四個非洲最神奇的地方?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句ThefootoftheMerzougaDunesisthebestlocationforgazingatstars,totallyfreeoflightpollution.〔默佐加沙丘的腳下是觀星的最正確地點，完全沒有光污染?！晨芍绻阆肟葱切?，你可以去摩洛哥。應(yīng)選B。【2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句ThebesttimestoseethelakeatitspinkestisduringSenegal’sdryseason,betweenNovemberandJune.〔在塞內(nèi)加爾的旱季，11月至6月是欣賞湖面最粉的最正確時間?！撤治鲞x項可知看粉紅色湖泊的最正確時間是一月份。應(yīng)選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中WithaplateaucutbynumerousriversthatreachLakeMalawibywayofwaterfallsofftheeasternedgeofthemountains,Nyika,thelargestnationalparkinMalawi,isoneofthemostbeautifulinAfrica.〔這里的高原被眾多河流切斷，這些河流通過山脈東部邊緣的瀑布到達馬拉維湖，造就了尼卡是馬拉維最大的國家公園，它是非洲最美麗的國家公園之一?！晨芍撬蚴鼓峥ǔ蔀榉侵拮蠲利惖墓珗@之一。應(yīng)選C。BWhenIarrivedinLondon,Icouldn'tspeakawordofEnglish.Noteven"hello".Iwas18.I'dbeenworkingformydad'srestaurantinMilanandIwantedanewexperience.MyfriendfromhomelivedinLondonandheusedtotellmehowincredibleitwas.Iwasreallybored,soItookmyluggageandleft.IwassolostwhenIarrivedatStansted.Tome,EnglishsoundedlikeChinese.Ionlyarrivedwithafewhundredpounds.IlivedwithmyfriendinEastLondonforawhile.Icouldn'tfindajobforamonth.FinallyIfoundawaiterroleinarestaurant.Atthetime,Ihadnothingelsegoingoninmylife.Iusedtogetup,gotowork,andsleep.Itwasnodifferenceeveryday.Thenonedayonmylunchbreak,IsawaGymbox.WhenItookalookin,therewasanamazingMuayThai(泰拳)class.IusedtodoboxingwhenIwas15butIwasn'tthatseriousaboutit.ThereandthenIjoinedthegymandsignedupfortheThaiboxingteam.Ifellinlovewithit.Inevermissedasession(一場).Istartedtrainingalotandtheheadcoachsaidtomeoneday,"Doyouwanttofight?"Iknewthat'swhatIwantedtodo.HeputmeincompetitionsandIwonmyfirstnineamateurgames.Afterwatchingmeprogress,heofferedtohelpmefightprofessionally.However,atonepointIhadamotorcyclecrashandwasoutfor18months.ThisyearI'vefoughtinMilanandLondon.I'dsayI'mabout12fightsawayfrombecomingawinnerSometimesIcan'tbelievehowfarI'vecomefromthatdayIarrivedinEngland.Ithinkeverythingthat'shappenedhasbeenbecauseI'mcommitted.Butanyonecoulddoit.Ifyouputin100%,you'llgetthere.I'mjusthappybecauseIdidapositivethingwithmylife.Itfeelsgood.4.WhathadthewriterdonebeforehecametoLondon?A.Hehadworkedinarestaurant. B.Hehadbeenaprofessionalcoach.C.Hehadworkedinasmallcompany. D.Hehaddonenothingbuttravelaround.5.Howwasthewriter'slifeatfirstinLondon?A.Exciting. B.Scary. C.Satisfying. D.Dull.6.Whatinfluencedthewriter'slifemost?A.Joiningtheboxingteam. B.LosingthecompetitioninMilan.C.Sufferingfromamotorcyclecrash. D.Beingtheheadcoachoftheteam.7.Whatdoesthewriterintendtoconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Lifeisnotallroses. B.Difficultiesmakehimstronger.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess. D.Devotionmakeshimsuccessful.【答案】4.A5.D6.A7.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。本文講述了作者在倫敦找工作，在健身房學習泰拳和參加比賽的經(jīng)歷，并告訴我們只要付出100%的努力，就能獲得成功?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“WhenIarrivedinLondon,Icouldn'tspeakawordofEnglish.Noteven‘hello’.Iwas18.I'dbeenworkingformydad'srestaurantinMilanandIwantedanewexperience.〔當我到達倫敦時，我一句英語也不會說。即使是“你好〞。我18歲的時候。我一直在我爸爸在米蘭的餐廳工作，我想要一種新的體驗?！敞暱芍?，作者來倫敦之前在他父親的餐廳工作。應(yīng)選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Ionlyarrivedwithafewhundredpounds.IlivedwithmyfriendinEastLondonforawhile.Icouldn'tfindajobforamonth.FinallyIfoundawaiterroleinarestaurant.Atthetime,Ihadnothingelsegoingoninmylife.Iusedtogetup,gotowork,andsleep.Itwasnodifferenceeveryday.〔我只帶了幾百英鎊。我和我的朋友在東倫敦住過一段時間。我一個月都找不到工作。最后我在一家餐館找到了一個效勞員的角色。那時候，我的生活中沒有別的事可做。我過去常常起床，上班，然后睡覺。每天都是一樣的?！敞暱赏浦?，這位作家最初在倫敦的生活是枯燥的。應(yīng)選D。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Ifellinlovewithit.Inevermissedasession(一場).Istartedtrainingalot〔我愛上了它。我從來沒有錯過一次。我開始大量訓練〕〞可推知，“參加拳擊隊〞對作者的生活影響最大。應(yīng)選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“SometimesIcan'tbelievehowfarI'vecomefromthatdayIarrivedinEngland.Ithinkeverythingthat'shappenedhasbeenbecauseI'mcommitted.Butanyonecoulddoit.Ifyouputin100%,you'llgetthere.I'mjusthappybecauseIdidapositivethingwithmylife.Itfeelsgood.〔有時我不敢相信從我到達英國的那天起，我已經(jīng)走了多遠。我認為發(fā)生的一切都是因為我下定決心了。但任何人都可以做到。如果你投入100%，你就會成功。我很快樂，因為我在生活中做了一件積極的事。這感覺很好?！敞暱芍?，作者在最后一段想表達的是全心的付出讓他獲得成功。D項“付出使他成功〞符合題意。應(yīng)選D。CSleep,consideredaluxurybymany,isessentialforaperson’shealthandhappiness.Researchershavefoundthatinadequatesleepandtirednessincreaseaperson’sriskofdevelopingseveremedicalconditions,suchasobesity,highbloodsugarlevels,andheartdisease.Now,anewstudyhasfoundthatgettingenoughsleepisalsothekeytoimprovingacademicperformance.JeffreyGross,theuniversityscienceprofessorwholedtheresearch,wasnottryingtofindtherelationshipbetweensleepandgradeswhenhehandedoutsmartwatchestothe100studentsinhischemistryclass.Instead,theprofessorhopedthewrist-worndevices(裝置),whichtrackaperson’sphysicalactivity,wouldshowaconnectionbetweenexerciseandacademicachievement.WhileGross’sdatashowednorelationshipbetweenthesetwofactors(因素),thestudyfoundsomethingsurprising.Astheresearcherswereanalyzingtheirdata,theynoticedthattherewasastraight-linerelationshipbetweentheaverageamountofsleepastudentgotandtheirresultsinthecourse’s11quizzes,threemidtermtests,andthefinalexam.Evenmoreinteresting,itwasnotenoughforstudentstojustheadtobedearlythenightbeforeatest.Instead,it’sthesleepyougetduringthedayswhenlearningishappeningthatmattersmost.Thetimestudentswenttobedeachnightwassimilarlyimportant.Thosewhowenttobedinearlyhoursofthemorningperformedpoorly,evenifthetotalsleeptimewasthesameasahigher-performingstudent.“Whenyougotobedmatters,〞Grosssays,“Ifyougotobedat10,or12,or1atnight,andsleepforsevenhours,yourperformanceisthesame.Butifyougotobedafter2,yourperformancestartstogodownevenifyougetthesamesevenhours.So,quantityisn’teverything.〞Perhapsthemostinterestingwasthehugeeffectthatsmalldifferencesinsleeppatternshadonthestudents’grades.Theentirecoursegradesforstudentsaveragingsixandahalfhoursofsleepeachnightwere25%lowerthanstudentswhoaveragedjustonehourmoresleep.Similarly,studentswhochangedtheirbedtimebyevenonehoureachnighthadgradesthatdropped45%belowthosewithmoreregularbedtimes.WhoknewgettingA’sjustrequiredsomeextraZZZ’s?8.Basedonhisoriginalgoals,whichbestdescribesProfessorGross’sresearchfindings?A.Complete. B.Accidental.C.Convincing. D.Doubtful.9.Whowerethepeopletakingpartinthestudy?A.Universitystudentathletes. B.ProfessorGross’sownstudents.C.Middleschoolchemistrystudents. D.Volunteersfromdifferentuniversities.10.HowdidProfessorGross’steammeasureacademicperformance?A.Makingthestudentswearaspecialwatch.B.Givingthestudentsregularafter-classquizzes.C.Usingstudents’universityentrancetestresults.D.Usingthestudents’normaltestandquizgrades.11.Basedonthestudy’sfindings,whoislikelytoperformbestacademically?A.Apersonwhosleepsforatotalof7hourseachnight.B.Apersonwhosleepsfrom11p.m.to6a.m.eachday.C.Apersonwhosenormalbedtimechangesbetween9p.m.and12p.m.D.Apersonwhohasagoodnight’ssleepthenightbeforeanimportanttest.【答案】8.B9.B10.D11.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。一項新研究說明，睡眠缺乏除了對身體健康造成不良影響之外，也會對學習成績產(chǎn)生影響。好的睡眠是提高學習成績的關(guān)鍵?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“WhileGross’sdatashowednorelationshipbetweenthesetwofactors(因素),thestudyfoundsomethingsurprising.Astheresearcherswereanalyzingtheirdata,theynoticedthattherewasastraight-linerelationshipbetweentheaverageamountofsleepastudentgotandtheirresultsinthecourse’s11quizzes,threemidtermtests,andthefinalexam.〞〔雖然格羅斯的數(shù)據(jù)顯示這兩個因素之間沒有關(guān)系，但這項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些令人驚訝的東西。在研究人員分析數(shù)據(jù)時，他們注意到，學生的平均睡眠時間與他們在這門課的11次測驗、3次期中考試和期末考試中的成績之間存在直線關(guān)系。〕可知，基于他最初的目標，格羅斯教授的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)是“偶然的〞。應(yīng)選B。【9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“JeffreyGross,theuniversityscienceprofessorwholedtheresearch,wasnottryingtofindtherelationshipbetweensleepandgradeswhenhehandedoutsmartwatchestothe100studentsinhischemistryclass.〞〔領(lǐng)導這項研究的大學科學教授杰弗里?格羅斯(JeffreyGross)在給化學課上的100名學生分發(fā)智能手表時，并不是為了尋找睡眠和成績之間的關(guān)系?！晨芍?，參與研究的人是他自己的學生。應(yīng)選B?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Astheresearcherswereanalyzingtheirdata,theynoticedthattherewasastraight-linerelationshipbetweentheaverageamountofsleepastudentgotandtheirresultsinthecourse’s11quizzes,threemidtermtests,andthefinalexam.〞〔在研究人員分析數(shù)據(jù)時，他們注意到，學生的平均睡眠時間與他們在這門課的11次測驗、3次期中考試和期末考試中的成績之間存在直線關(guān)系。〕可知，格羅斯教授的團隊是使用學生的正常測試和測驗成績來衡量學業(yè)表現(xiàn)的。應(yīng)選D。11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Thetimestudentswenttobedeachnightwassimilarlyimportant.Thosewhowenttobedinearlyhoursofthemorningperformedpoorly,evenifthetotalsleeptimewasthesameasahigher-performingstudent.“Whenyougotobedmatters,〞Grosssays,“Ifyougotobedat10,or12,or1atnight,andsleepforsevenhours,yourperformanceisthesame.〞〞〔學生每晚睡覺的時間同樣重要。那些在清晨上床睡覺的學生表現(xiàn)很差，即使他們的總睡眠時間與表現(xiàn)較好的學生相同。〞“你上床睡覺的時候很重要，〞格羅斯說，“如果你晚上10點、12點或1點上床，睡7個小時，你的表現(xiàn)是一樣的。〞〕可知，根據(jù)這項研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)，睡得較早，且時間足夠的學生表現(xiàn)好。結(jié)合選項推知，每天從晚上11點睡到早上6點的人可能在學業(yè)上表現(xiàn)最好。應(yīng)選B。DAfter7longyearssincethecutecatnamedChebonwentmissing,therewaslittlehopethatitcouldbefound.Robertprobablyalreadycametopeacewiththethoughtthathewouldneverseehislittlefriendagainuntilhereceivedalife-changingcall.Clearly,akindstrangerreachedouttotellhimthathisbelovedcatwassafeandsoundandcouldn’twaittoseehimagain!Thecatwentmissingyearsago,rightbeforeRobertwasplanningonmovingfromCaliforniatoOhio.ThesadownerdecidedtogiveuphisplansandstayedinCaliforniaforthewholeyearlookingforhismissingfriend,butinvain.“IrememberatonepointIwasprayingandIsaid,‘God,I’lldoanything,justbringmyChebonback…’〞,RobertsaidinavideopostedontheVenturaCountyAnimalServices.ThecatseemedtohavedisappearedforeverandRoberthadnootherchoicethantomoveon.Then7yearslater,awomannoticedacatthatlookedill,soshedecidedtocatchtheanimalandtakehimtothevet(獸醫(yī)).Luckily,thecatshefoundhadamicrochip(微型芯片),andinaninstant,theyknewwhotheownerofthe19-year-oldcatwas.That’swhenRobertreceivedacallsayingthathiscatwasalive.“Iwasafraidtherewassomekindofmistake,〞Robertsaidinthereunionvideo.ThemandecidedtorideonaplaneandflyallthewayfromLosAngelestoseehisoldfriend.Afterfinallyseeingthecat,Robertimmediatelyrecognizedhiscatandburstintotears.Afteralltheseyears,thetwofriendswerebacktogether.ThetouchingmomentwasrecordedbytheanimalshelterandwasquicklyspreadontheInternet,leavingsomanypeopleintears.12.WhathappenedtoChebon7yearsago?A.Itwasill. B.Itwashurtinanaccident.C.Itwaslost. D.Itwastakentotheanimalshelter.13.Whatdoes“invain〞meaninparagraph2?A.withoutsuccess. B.fornoreason.C.innotime. D.atnocost.14.HowdidRobertfeelwhenhereceivedthecall?A.Doubtful. B.Worried.C.Peaceful. D.Hopeless.15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Avideomovedmanypeople.B.Acatwassavedbyawoman.C.Amanreunitedwithhismissingcat.D.Amankeptlookingforhiscatfor7years.【答案】12.C13.A14.A15.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述Robert苦尋其寵物貓Chebon七年并最終得以團聚的感人故事?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“After7longyearssincethecutecatnamedChebonwentmissing,therewaslittlehopethatitcouldbefound.(這只名叫Chebon的可愛貓咪失蹤7年之后，找到它的希望渺茫)〞可知，Chebon于七年前走丟。應(yīng)選C?！?3題詳解】詞義猜想題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ThecatseemedtohavedisappearedforeverandRoberthadnootherchoicethantomoveon.(那只貓似乎永遠消失了，羅伯特別無選擇，只能繼續(xù)前進)〞可知，Robert苦尋無果，所以“invain〞與“withoutsuccess〞意義相近，應(yīng)選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Iwasafraidtherewassomekindofmistake.(我擔憂會出什么過失)〞可推斷，Robert對改持疑心態(tài)度。應(yīng)選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述Robert苦尋其寵物貓Chebon七年并最終得以團聚的感人故事。應(yīng)選C。第二節(jié)〔共5小題，每題2分，總分值10分〕根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。WhyDoAutumnLeavesChangeColor?Weallenjoythecolorsofautumnleaves.___16___Toanswerthisquestion,wefirsthavetounderstandwhatleavesareandwhattheydo.Leavesarenature’sfoodfactories.Plantstakewaterfromtheearththroughtheirrootsandtakecarbondioxidefromtheair.___17___Plantsusethesugarasfoodforenergy.Thewayplantsturnwaterandcarbondioxideintosugariscalledphotosynthesis〔光合作用〕.Chlorophyll〔葉綠素〕helpsmakephotosynthesishappen.Chlorophyllgivesplantstheirgreencolor.Assummerendsandautumncomes,thedaysgetshorterandshorter.___18___Duringwinter,thereisnotenoughlightorwaterforphotosynthesis.Treeswillrestandshutdowntheirfood-makingfactories.Thereisnochlorophyllintheleaves.Asthebrightgreenfadesaway〔逐漸消失〕,webegintoseeyellowandorangecolors._____19_____Wejustcan’tseetheminthesummer,becausetheyarecoveredupbythegreenchlorophyll.Thebrightredsweseeinleavesaremademostlyinautumn.Insometrees,likemaples〔楓樹),sugariskeptintheleavesafterphotosynthesisstops.___20___Thebrowncoloroftreeslikeoaksismadeformthewasteswhichareleftintheleaves.Allthesethingsmakethebeautifulcolorsweenjoyinautumn.A.Smallamountsofthesecolorshavebeenintheleavesallthetime.B.Whydopeoplepreferautumnleavestosummerleaves?C.Plantsusesunlighttoturnwaterandcarbondioxideintoakindofsugar.D.Haveyoueverwonderedhowandwhyanautumnleafchangescolor?E.Yellowandorangecolorsattractmanyofusinautumn.F.Thisishowtrees“know〞whentobegingettingreadyforwinter.G.Sunlightandthecoolnightsofautumncausetheleavestoturnthesugarintoaredcolor.【答案】16D17.C18.F19.A20.G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了秋天樹葉顏色的變化以及變化的原因。16題詳解】上文“Weallenjoythecolorsofautumnleaves〞說明我們喜歡秋天樹葉的顏色，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該圍繞這個話題展開，而后文“Toanswerthisquestion,wefirsthavetounderstandwhatleavesareandwhattheydo.〔要答復這個問題，我們首先要了解樹葉是什么，它們是干什么的。〕〞說明是答復某個問題，所以D項“你有沒有想過秋天的樹葉為什么以及怎樣變色的？〞照應(yīng)上文，并且是問句，照應(yīng)后文，正好承上啟下，應(yīng)選D。【17題詳解】上文“Plantstakewaterfromthegroundthroughtheirrootsandtakecarbondioxidefromtheair〞可知植物從根部吸收水分，從空氣中吸收二氧化碳，后文“Plantsusethesugarasfoodforenergy.Thewayplantsturnwaterandcarbondioxideintosugariscalledphotosynthesis〔光合作用〕.〔植物利用糖作為食物以獲取能量。植物把水和二氧化碳轉(zhuǎn)化為糖的方式叫做光合作用。〕〞。C項中的“waterandcarbondioxide〞與上文一致，“akindofsugar.〞與下文一致，應(yīng)選C?！?8題詳解】上文“Assummerendsandautumncomes，thedaysgetshorterandshorter〞可知隨著秋天的到來，白天變得越來越短，此處承接這一話題，講的還是關(guān)于季節(jié)方面的內(nèi)容，所以F項“此時樹木就知道應(yīng)該開始準備過冬〞符合題意，并且與后文“Duringwinter〞相照應(yīng)，應(yīng)選F。19題詳解】上文“Asthebrightgreenfadesaway，webegintoseeyellowandorangecolors〞可知，當明亮的綠色消失，我們開始看到黃色和橙色，而后文“ejustcan’tseetheminthesummer,becausetheyarecoveredupbythegreenchlorophyll.〔我們只是在夏天看不到它們，因為它們被綠色的葉綠素所覆蓋。〕〞是在說明看不到黃色和橙色的原因，因此A項“樹葉中一直有少量的這種顏色。〞與之相照應(yīng)，承上啟下，應(yīng)選A?！?0題詳解】上文“ThebrightredsandpurplesweseeinleavesaremademostlyinAutumn．Insometrees,likemaples〔楓樹),sugariskeptintheleavesafterphotosynthesisstops.〞可知我們在樹葉上看到的鮮艷的紅色大局部是在秋天形成的，一些樹，如楓樹，光合作用停止后，糖會留在葉子里。后文“Thebrowncoloroftreeslikeoaksismadeformthewasteswhichareleftintheleaves.〔樹的褐色如橡樹是由樹葉中殘留的廢物形成的。〕〞那么開始解釋樹葉這樣變化的原因，因此G項“秋天的陽光和涼爽的夜晚使樹葉把糖變成紅色〞符合題意，也是說明樹葉顏色的變化以及原因。應(yīng)選G。第三局部英語知識運用(共兩節(jié)，總分值45分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共20小題，每題分，總分值30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最正確選項。BornonJuly2,1932inAtlanticCity,NewJersey,DaveThomasnevermethisbirthmother.Lateron,Dave’sfatherwhohadremarried____21____toFortWayne,Indiana.There,Davedidseveral____22____suchasapaperboy,golfcaddy,andacounterinadrugstore.Whenhewas15,Davewasfirst____23____tothefoodandserviceindustrythroughhisfirstjob.Forsomereasons,hisfamilydecidedtomoveagain.____24____,Daverefused.Hethendroppedoutof____25____inthe10thgradeandworkedfulltime.Duringthe____26____betweentheUSandtheDPRK,Dave____27____intheUSArmyasthemanagerofamen’sclub.Hefoundhisformerboss,PhilClauss,who____28____somefranchises(經(jīng)銷店)oftheKentuckyFriedChickenchain.ClaussofferedDavetheopportunitytohelp____29____someofthefailingfranchisesinColumbus,Ohio.Afterafewyears,Davesucceededandearned$1.5millionby____30____thefranchisesbacktoheadquarters.Dave,being____31____aboutfood,foundithardtofindagoodburgerinColumbus.Thistiny____32____soonturnedintoamulti-milliondollarbusinessafterhedecidedto____33____thefirstWendy’srestaurantin1969.Wendy’scaughtalotof____34____andpopularityfortheirsquareburgersand____35____andabundanttoppings(配料).Withinadecade,Wendy’sturnedintoathousand-storefranchise.Aftersomebusinessmistakeshad____36____Wendy’sfinancialstability,Davebeganvisitingeachfranchiseto____37____employeeswithhis“mop-bucketattitude〞,whichprovedtobea(n)____38____strategy.Hesoonbecamethetelevisionspokesmanforthecompanyandbecameveryfamousand____39____.HischarmingpersonalitydrovealotofAmericansto____40____theDaveThomasbrand,andregardWendy’sasoneoftheUS’smostwell-receivedfastfoodchains.21.A.returned B.hiked C.moved D.walked22.A.advertisements B.experiments C.posters D.jobs23.A.addicted B.exposed C.appealed D.replied24.A.Furthermore B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.However25.A.dreams B.school C.college D.languages26.A.negotiation B.cooperation C.war D.trade27.A.served B.participated C.believed D.absorbed28.A.remembered B.owned C.respected D.considered29.A.accountfor B.turnaround C.breakoff D.subscribeto30.A.distributing B.sponsoring C.sending D.selling31.A.enthusiastic B.angry C.careful D.lazy32.A.conflict B.principle C.share D.regret33.A.purchase B.expand C.open D.arrange34.A.attention B.forgiveness C.sense D.consideration35.A.various B.similar C.precious D.complex36.A.challenged B.judged C.damaged D.conquered37.A.appreciate B.contradict C.acknowledge D.inspire38.A.academic B.effective C.optional D.contrary39.A.successful B.energetic C.generous D.selfless40.A.maintain B.explore C.love D.preserve【答案】21.C22.D23.B24.D25.B26.C27.A28.B29.B30.D31.A32.D33.C34.A35.A36.C37.D38.B39.A40.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了溫蒂漢堡的創(chuàng)始人DaveThomas的個人經(jīng)歷以及他創(chuàng)立并壯大溫蒂漢堡的經(jīng)過?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：后來，戴夫再婚的父親搬到了印第安納州的韋恩堡。A.returned返回；B.hiked徒步旅行；C.moved移動，搬家；D.walked散步。根據(jù)后文“toFortWayne,Indiana〞可知戴夫出生在新澤西，后來跟父親搬到了印第安納州。根據(jù)后文“Forsomereasons,hisfamilydecidedtomoveagain.〞也是提示。應(yīng)選C。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在那里，戴夫做了好幾份工作，比方報童、高爾夫球童和雜貨店的柜臺工作。A.advertisements廣告；B.experiments實驗；C.posters海報；D.jobs工作。根據(jù)后文“suchasapaperboy,golfcaddy,andacounterinadrugstore〞可知戴夫做了好幾份工作。應(yīng)選D?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：15歲時，戴夫通過第一份工作第一次接觸到食品和效勞行業(yè)。A.addicted上癮；B.exposed暴露；C.appealed呼吁；D.replied答復。根據(jù)后文“tothefoodandserviceindustry〞指接觸到食品和效勞行業(yè)，應(yīng)用beexposedto“接觸〞。應(yīng)選B。【24題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，戴夫拒絕了。A.Furthermore此外；B.Otherwise否那么；C.Therefore因此；D.However然而。上文提到戴夫的家人決定再次搬家，但是戴夫拒絕了，前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用however。應(yīng)選D?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，他在10年級時輟學，開始全職工作。A.dreams夢想；B.school學校；C.college大學；D.languages語言。根據(jù)后文“andworkedfulltime〞可知戴夫十年級時輟學了。應(yīng)選B?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在美朝戰(zhàn)爭期間，戴夫在美軍服役，擔任一家男子俱樂部的經(jīng)理。A.negotiation協(xié)商；B.cooperation合作；C.war戰(zhàn)爭；D.trade交易。根據(jù)后文“intheUSArmy〞可知是戰(zhàn)爭期間。應(yīng)選C?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在美朝戰(zhàn)爭期間，戴夫在美軍服役，擔任一家男子俱樂部的經(jīng)理。A.served效勞；B.participated參加；C.believed相信；D.absorbed吸收。根據(jù)后文“intheUSArmy〞指戴夫在美軍服役。應(yīng)選A。【28題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他找到了他的前老板菲爾·克勞斯，后者擁有肯德基連鎖經(jīng)營。A.remembered記得；B.owned擁有；C.respected尊重；D.considered考慮。根據(jù)后文“somefranchisesoftheKentuckyFriedChickenchain〞可知菲爾·克勞斯擁有肯德基連鎖經(jīng)營。應(yīng)選B?！?9題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：克勞斯向戴夫提供了一個時機，幫助俄亥俄州哥倫布市的一些瀕臨倒閉的特許經(jīng)營企業(yè)扭虧為虧。A.accountfor解釋；B.turnaround轉(zhuǎn)彎；C.breakoff折斷；D.subscribeto訂閱。根據(jù)后文“someofthefailingfranchisesinColumbus,Ohio.Afterafewyears,Davesucceededandearned$1.5millionby〞指幫助一些瀕臨倒閉的特許經(jīng)營企業(yè)扭虧為虧，turnaround這里表示“〔生意或經(jīng)濟〕好轉(zhuǎn)〞符合語境。應(yīng)選B?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：幾年后，戴夫成功了，他把特許經(jīng)營權(quán)賣回總部，賺了150萬美元。A.distributing分配；B.sponsoring贊助；C.sending發(fā)送；D.selling出售。根據(jù)上文“Davesucceededandearned$1.5millionby〞可知戴夫通過把特許經(jīng)營權(quán)賣回總部，賺了150萬美元。應(yīng)選D。【31題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：戴夫?qū)κ澄锖芨信d趣，發(fā)現(xiàn)在哥倫布很難找到好吃的漢堡。A.enthusiastic熱情的；B.angry憤怒的；C.careful仔細的；D.lazy懶惰的。結(jié)合后文“aboutfood,foundithardtofindagoodburgerinColumbus〞可知戴夫因為對食物感興趣，才發(fā)現(xiàn)了在哥倫布很難找到好吃的漢堡。應(yīng)選A?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：1969年，當他決定開第一家溫迪餐廳時，這個小小的遺憾很快就變成了價值數(shù)百萬美元的生意。A.conflict爭執(zhí)；B.principle原那么；C.share分享；D.regret遺憾。此處指上文“foundithardtofindagoodburgerinColumbus〞在哥倫布很難找到好吃的漢堡這個小小的遺憾很快就變成了價值數(shù)百萬美元的生意。應(yīng)選D。【33題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：1969年，當他決定開第一家溫迪餐廳時，這個小小的遺憾很快就變成了價值數(shù)百萬美元的生意。A.purchase購置；B.expand擴大；C.open翻開；D.arrange安排。根據(jù)后文“thefirstWendy’srestaurantin1969〞可知戴夫1969年決定開第一家溫迪餐廳，應(yīng)選C?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：溫蒂漢堡因其方形漢堡和各種各樣豐富的配料而備受關(guān)注和歡送。A.attention注意力；B.forgiveness原諒；C.sense感覺；D.consideration考慮。根據(jù)后文“andpopularity〞可知溫蒂漢堡備受關(guān)注和歡送。應(yīng)選A。【35題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：溫蒂漢堡因其方形漢堡和各種各樣豐富的配料而備受關(guān)注和歡送。A.various不同的；B.similar相似的；C.precious珍貴的；D.complex復雜的。根據(jù)后文“andabundanttoppings〞可知溫蒂漢堡配料多樣且豐富。應(yīng)選A。【36題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在一些商業(yè)失誤破壞了溫蒂漢堡的財務(wù)穩(wěn)定后，戴夫開始走訪每一家連鎖店，用他的“拖把桶態(tài)度〞鼓勵員工，這被證明是一種有效的策略。A.challenged挑戰(zhàn)；B.judged判斷；C.damaged破壞；D.conquered征服。根據(jù)上文“somebusinessmistakeshad〞可知商業(yè)失誤會破壞溫蒂漢堡的財務(wù)穩(wěn)定。應(yīng)選C。【37題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在一些商業(yè)失誤破壞了溫蒂漢堡的財務(wù)穩(wěn)定后，戴夫開始走訪每一家連鎖店，用他的“拖把桶態(tài)度〞鼓勵員工，這被證明是一種有效的策略。A.appreciate欣賞；B.contradict反駁；C.acknowledge認可；D.inspire鼓舞。根據(jù)后文“employeeswithhis“mop-bucketattitude〞〞可知，當時溫蒂漢堡財務(wù)出現(xiàn)問題，所以戴夫走訪連鎖店是為了鼓勵員工。應(yīng)選D?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在一些商業(yè)失誤破壞了溫蒂漢堡的財務(wù)穩(wěn)定后，戴夫開始走訪每一家連鎖店，用他的“拖把桶態(tài)度〞鼓勵員工，這被證明是一種有效的策略。A.academic學術(shù)的；B.effective有效的；C.optional可選擇的；D.contrary相反的。根據(jù)后文“Hesoonbecamethetelevisionspokesmanforthecompanyandbecameveryfamous〞可知他的“拖把桶態(tài)度〞被證明是一種有效的策略，也促成了他后來的成功。應(yīng)選B。【39題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他很快成為公司的電視代言人，變得非常知名和成功。A.successful成功的；B.energetic精力充分的；C.generous慷慨的；D.selfless無私的。根據(jù)上文“becameveryfamousand〞可知戴夫變得知名和成功。應(yīng)選A?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他迷人的個性讓許多美國人愛上了戴夫?托馬斯品牌，并將溫迪快餐視為美國最受歡送的快餐連鎖店之一。A.maintain保持；B.explore探索；C.love愛；D.preserve保護。根據(jù)上文“HischarmingpersonalitydrovealotofAmericansto〞可知戴夫迷人的個性讓許多美國人愛上了戴夫?托馬斯品牌