山東省濱州市濱城區(qū)北鎮(zhèn)中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期9月月考英語試題（解析版）

山東省北鎮(zhèn)中學(xué)高69級第二次考試英語試題20240919時長：120分鐘滿分：150分第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Onastreet.B.Inapoliceoffice.C.Inahospital.2.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthenewlyopenedrestaurant?A.Theservicewaspoor.B.Themenuwasconfusing.C.Thedishesweredelicious.3.Whatdoesthemanthinkoftheweatherapp?A.It’sinconvenient.B.It’sundependable.C.It’saccurate.4.Whydidn’tthewomantakepartinthespeechcontestyesterday?A.Sheforgotit.B.Shewasbusy.C.Shewasseriouslyill.5.Whatdidthewomanforgettobringwithher?A.Thephone.B.Thecharger.C.Cleaningitems.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Neighbors.B.Brotherandsister.C.Fatheranddaughter.7.Whatisthemandoingforhismother?A.Gettingsomeflowers.B.Makingachocolatecake.C.Sharinghouseholdchores聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Howmanygiftshasthemangotfromthewomanbeforeseeingher?A.Seven.B.Twelve.C.Fifteen.9.WhichcityissuitableforLucytopracticeItalianaccordingtotheman?A.Chicago.B.Canberra.C.Madrid.聽第8段材料，回答第10至13題。10.Wherearethespeakersnow?A.InBoston.B.InMunich.C.InSingapore.11.Whydoesthemancometoday?A.Topaythegasbill.B.ToaskreasonsforpricerisesC.Tofindoutwhyhe’sbeingovercharged.12.Howmuchshouldthemanpayforhisgasbillthistime’A.20dollars.B.25dollars.C.35dollars.13.Whatdidthemandoindune?A.Heattendedagraduationceremony.B.Hedidmarketresearchwithhiswife.C.Hehadaone-monthtourofacountry.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Lookingforajob.B.Pickingauniversity.C.Choosingacollegemajor.15.Wheredoesthewomanadvisegettinginformationonincome?A.Fromparents.B.OntheInternet.C.Frombooks.16.Whatkindofjobdoesthemanwant?A.Aninterestingone.B.Arelaxingone.C.Awell-paidone.17.Whatmaythewomanrefertointheend?A.ThesalaryB.ThescholarshipC.Theinterest.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhatdoweknowaboutAcieHollandIII?A.Hisbuswentoutofcontrol.B.Hesavedthepassengers’lives.C.HemovedtoWisconsinrecently.19.WhatisAcieHollandIII’sgrandmother’sjob?A.Repairingabus.B.AmusingthekidsC.Dealingwiththepatients20.Whatwasthepercentageofgreenenergysourcesinglobalelectricityin2000?A.About10%.B.About19%.C.About30%.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳。AGreenfieldsandhillsgiveIrelandits“EmeraldIsle”nickname.Roundingoutallthatunspoilednatureareancientcastles,historicvillages,andpubsalivewithtraditionalmusic.Here’sthebestwaytoexperiencethiscolorfulcornerofEurope.RockycovesThesouthwest’srockycovesarerichwithseaweed,revealingalittle-knownpieceofIrishhistory.“Inthepastpeoplecouldn’teatmeatsotheywouldgodownaroundtheseshoresandgetlaver,orsleabhac,asit’shighinprotein,”saysKerryannO’FarrellofAtlanticIrishSeaweed,whoseguidesleadeducationalseavegetablewalksatDerrynaneHarbour.CapeClearIslandLocatedeightmilesoffthesoutherncoast,CapeClearIsland(OileánChleire)isoneofIrish-speakingGaeltachtareas,whichcanbefoundinsevencountiesandonsomeislands.OnCape,theformergirlsschoolnowhousestheHeritageCentrewithexhibitsontheisland’smaritimehistoryandculture.Don’tmissthegoatmilkicecreamatlocalfavoriteCléireGoats.TheRiverCorribWhileShopStreetandEyreSquaredrawthecrowds,theWesternneighborhoodacrosstheRiverCorribisthesoulofthecity.SoakupthebohemianvibeatplaceslikeBellBookandCandle,atreasuretrovefornewandsecond-handbooks;themonthlyFleaStyleMarketinsidetheGalwayArtsCentre;andtheCraneBar,whichfeaturessomeofthecity’sbest“trad”fiddleandbodhránplayers.GreatLighthousesofIrelandGreatLighthousesofIrelandoffersaguidetonoteworthybeaconsaroundthecountry.Oneofthemostremote,St.John’sPointLighthouserisesattheendofanarrowpeninsulainCountyDonegal,lookingouttoDonegalBayandCountySligo.StayovernightinClipperorSchooner,theformerlighthousekeepers’residences,andexperiencethesolitudeofkeepingwatch.Naturally,there’snoWi-Fi,sounwindandreadabookbesidethefire,orexploretheheadlandatsunrise.1.Whatcan’tyoudoinCapeClearIsland?A.Appreciatelocallanguage.B.Trythegoatmilkicecream.C.Admiretheisland’smaritimehistory.D.Enjoyeducationalseavegetablewalks.2.Whichwouldbethebestplaceforsomeoneinneedofanundisturbedplace?A.Rockycoves. B.CapeClearIsland.C.TheRiverCorrib. D.GreatLighthousesofIreland.3.Thepassageismostlikelytakenfrom________.A.anewsreport B.anadvertisementC.atravelbrochure D.anencyclopedia【答案】1.D2.D3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了愛爾蘭幾個絕佳的旅游勝地?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CapeClearIsland中“Locatedeightmilesoffthesoutherncoast,CapeClearIsland(OileánChleire)isoneofIrish-speakingGaeltachtareas,whichcanbefoundinsevencountiesandonsomeislands.OnCape,theformergirlsschoolnowhousestheHeritageCentrewithexhibitsontheisland’smaritimehistoryandculture.Don’tmissthegoatmilkicecreamatlocalfavoriteCléireGoats.”（開普克利爾島(OileánChleire)位于南部海岸八英里外，是一個講愛爾蘭語的蓋爾語地區(qū)，在七個縣和一些島嶼上都可以看到。在開普，以前的女子學(xué)?，F(xiàn)在是遺產(chǎn)中心的所在地，展示了島上的海洋歷史和文化。不要錯過當(dāng)?shù)刈钍軞g迎的Cléire山羊奶冰淇淋。）可知，在開普克利爾島無法享受有教育意義的海洋蔬菜之旅。故選D項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GreatLighthousesofIreland中“StayovernightinClipperorSchooner,theformerlighthousekeepers’residences,andexperiencethesolitudeofkeepingwatch.Naturally,there’snoWi-Fi,sounwindandreadabookbesidethefire,orexploretheheadlandatsunrise.”（在克利伯(Clipper)或斯庫納(Schooner)——前燈塔看守人的住所——過夜，體驗守望的孤獨。當(dāng)然，這里沒有Wi-Fi，所以你可以在火爐旁放松一下，讀一本書，或者在日出時探索海岬。）可知，愛爾蘭燈塔這個地方最適合那些需要安靜，不被打擾的人。故選D項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第一段“GreenfieldsandhillsgiveIrelandits“EmeraldIsle”nickname.Roundingoutallthatunspoilednatureareancientcastles,historicvillages,andpubsalivewithtraditionalmusic.Here’sthebestwaytoexperiencethiscolorfulcornerofEurope.”（翠綠的田野和丘陵給了愛爾蘭“翡翠島”的綽號。古老的城堡、歷史悠久的村莊和充滿傳統(tǒng)音樂的酒吧使所有未受破壞的自然環(huán)境更加完善。這里是體驗歐洲這個多姿多彩的角落的最佳方式。）可知，文章主要講的是愛爾蘭幾個絕佳的旅游勝地。由此可推知，這篇文章可能來自一本旅游手冊。故選C項。BBythetimeNalinKamatwas13,theTorontoteenwaswellonhiswaytobecomingaworkingartist.Hehadalreadyhadhisfirstshowatalocalartcenter,showcasinghisseriestitled“Dispositions”,whichillustratedhisowngrowthduringadolescence(青少年).Yethewantedmore—specificallytostartshowinghisworkinajuriedexhibition,whereagroupofartexpertswouldevaluateandselectpiecesinacompetitivereviewprocess.That’swhenhehitanobstacle,discoveringintheverylastlineofamulti-pageapplicationthattheminimumageforsubmissionwas18.Thatrejectionbecameamotivationforcreation.“Ithoughtit’dbereallycoolifIcouldprovidetheopportunitytomoreyoungartists,”saysNalin,now15.Withthesupportofhisparents,inJanuary2023,NalinrentedastorefrontandfoundedLittleEGGGallery,whichisnowprofitableenoughtomakeendsmeetbychargingasmallhangingfeeforanydisplayedwork.Inturn,LittleEGGhelpspromoteyoungtalentbyshowcasingtheirwork.Notlongafteropening,DavidGriffin,aprofessorandartistofOntarioCollegeofArtandDesignUniversitysteppedintothegalleryandmetNalin.Griffinregardshimassomeonespecial:“astrongyoungartistwithareallyexcellentidea—creatingaspaceforshowingthenaturalgeniusofyoungpeople.Itwasavoid(空白)intheartworld.”ThereNalinaskedGriffintohelpjudgeanupcomingcompetition.Thefirstjuriedshowwaslastspring,andfive-year-oldJackGamblewonforhisabstractpaintingtitledPokemon.AsNalinwasbusywithschool,lifeandhisownart,LittleEGGismostlyopenbyappointmentonly,buthe’sstillcommittedtogrowingitwithseasonalandthemedshowsscheduledafewtimesayear.4.WhatdoweknowaboutNalinKamatfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hedrewteenagers’growthinhiswork. B.Hebecameaworkingartistwhenaged13.C.Hewasdisqualifiedforajuriedexhibition. D.Heshowedhisseriesatthecapitalartcenter.5.WhydidNalindecidetosetupLittleEGGGallery?A.Topromoteartistsbyshowcasingtheirwork.B.Toformtheconnectionbetweendifferentgalleries.C.Toexpandhisownbusinessthroughthemedshows.D.Toshowyoungartists’talentbyofferingthemastage.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeNalin’sideaofopeningthegallery?A.Pioneering. B.Short-lived. C.Popular. D.Unpromising.7.WhatkindofpersonisNalinKamataccordingtothetext?A.Helpfulandcautious. B.Devotedandcreative.C.Humorousandintelligent. D.Knowledgeableandambitious.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了15歲的多倫多青少年納林·卡馬特因為無法參加評審展覽而受挫，但這激發(fā)了他為更多年輕藝術(shù)家提供展示機會的決心。在父母的支持下，他創(chuàng)辦了LittleEGGGallery的故事?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“That’swhenhehitanobstacle,discoveringintheverylastlineofamulti-pageapplicationthattheminimumageforsubmissionwas18.(就在那時，他遇到了一個障礙，在一份多頁申請表的最后一行發(fā)現(xiàn)提交作品的最低年齡是18歲。)”可知，NalinKamat因為年齡問題而被取消了參加評審展覽的資格。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段““Ithoughtit’dbereallycoolifIcouldprovidetheopportunitytomoreyoungartists,”saysNalin,now15.Withthesupportofhisparents,inJanuary2023,NalinrentedastorefrontandfoundedLittleEGGGallery,whichisnowprofitableenoughtomakeendsmeetbychargingasmallhangingfeeforanydisplayedwork.(“我想，如果我能為更多的年輕藝術(shù)家提供機會，那就太棒了，”現(xiàn)年15歲的納林說。在父母的支持下，納林于2023年1月租了一個店面，并創(chuàng)辦了LittleEGGGallery，現(xiàn)在這家畫廊通過向任何展示的作品收取小額懸掛費，已經(jīng)足夠盈利來維持生計了。)”可知，他創(chuàng)辦LittleEGGGallery的目的是為了給年輕藝術(shù)家提供一個展示才華的舞臺。故選D。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thatrejectionbecameamotivationforcreation.“Ithoughtit’dbereallycoolifIcouldprovidetheopportunitytomoreyoungartists,”saysNalin,now15.Withthesupportofhisparents,inJanuary2023,NalinrentedastorefrontandfoundedLittleEGGGallery(那次拒絕成為了他創(chuàng)作的動力。“我想，如果我能為更多的年輕藝術(shù)家提供機會，那就太棒了，”現(xiàn)年15歲的納林說。在父母的支持下，納林于2023年1月租了一個店面，并創(chuàng)辦了LittleEGGGallery。)”根據(jù)第四段“astrongyoungartistwithareallyexcellentidea—creatingaspaceforshowingthenaturalgeniusofyoungpeople.Itwasavoid( 空白)intheartworld.”（一個有著非常優(yōu)秀想法的強大年輕藝術(shù)家——為展示年輕人的天才創(chuàng)造了一個空間。這是藝術(shù)界的一個空白）可知，Nalin想要為更多的年輕藝術(shù)家提供機會，于是他租了一個店面并創(chuàng)辦了LittleEGGGallery，這是一個創(chuàng)新的想法，因此可以用pioneering（開創(chuàng)性的）來形容他的想法。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“BythetimeNalinKamatwas13,theTorontoteenwaswellonhiswaytobecomingaworkingartist.(到納林·卡馬特13歲時，這位多倫多少年已經(jīng)踏上了成為職業(yè)藝術(shù)家的道路。)”、根據(jù)文章第二段“That’swhenhehitanobstacle,discoveringintheverylastlineofamulti-pageapplicationthattheminimumageforsubmissionwas18.(就在那時，他遇到了一個障礙，在一份多頁申請表的最后一行發(fā)現(xiàn)提交作品的最低年齡是18歲。)”和文章第三段“Thatrejectionbecameamotivationforcreation.“Ithoughtit’dbereallycoolifIcouldprovidetheopportunitytomoreyoungartists,”saysNalin,now15.Withthesupportofhisparents,inJanuary2023,NalinrentedastorefrontandfoundedLittleEGGGallery(那次拒絕成為了他創(chuàng)作的動力?！拔蚁?，如果我能為更多的年輕藝術(shù)家提供機會，那就太棒了，”現(xiàn)年15歲的納林說。在父母的支持下，納林于2023年1月租了一個店面，并創(chuàng)辦了LittleEGGGallery。)”可知，NalinKamat在13歲時就舉辦了自己的畫展，并且因為無法參加評審展覽而創(chuàng)辦了LittleEGGGallery，展示年輕藝術(shù)家的作品。這些行為表明他是一個有創(chuàng)造力和奉獻精神的人，因此選項B：Devotedandcreative(有奉獻精神和創(chuàng)造力的)最符合他的特點。故選B。COnarecentafternoon,dozensofelderlyfarmerswereplayingchessinacourtyard,acommonsceneattheMadongchuanTownshipZhaotaiVillageMutualSupportNursingHomeinYan’an,ahillypartofNorthwestChina’sShaanxiprovince.Therearenocaregiversinsight.Instead,theresidentslookafteroneanotherattheself-servicenursingfacility,whichwasrebuiltfromadesertedprimaryschoolinMadongchuantownship.Theyoungeronesgrowvegetablesinasmallpathoflandnearby.Theycookoutdoorsusingasharedkitchen,andthefoodisdeliveredtothosewithmobilityissues.Aftermeals,manyplaychessorchatattheirleisure.Localauthoritiesalsohiredaretiredvillagedoctortooverseethefacilitysothattheresidentsnolongerhavetogotothehospitalforlessseverehealthproblemssuchascoldandfever.“Theywereenjoyingthemselvesinthemoment,andleadingratherindependentlives,”ZhaoLiwen,secretary-generalofTaikangYicaiFoundation,saidofherfirstimpressionabouttheresidentsduringavisitin2019.TheBeijing-basedcharityofferedhelpbydonating1millionyuantothenursinghome.Whenshearrived,theseniors,allempty-nesterswhoareeitherchildlessorhavechildrenworkinginbigcities,werewrappingdumplingstogether.Thescenewasasharpcontrastfromlifeintheareamorethanadecadeago.Villageeldersusedtolivelonelylives,scattered(分散)amongtheremoteareaandunabletoaccesshospitalsandotherpublicservices.Thenin2013,afloodwashedtheirhomesaway,forcingthemtomoveintothenursingfacility.ThenursinghomeinYan’anisoneofthebestexamplesofChina’sincreasingeffortstotakeadvantageofthestrengthof“relationship-basedcommunities”inrural(鄉(xiāng)村的)areastoensurefast-grayingresidentsarecaredfor.Comparedwithamorecommercialorrule-basedsocietyincities,ruralcommunitiesinChinaareknowntooperatethroughpersonalconnectionsandmutualtrust.Theself-sufficient,interdependentculturedisplayedbythenursinghomeisbeingsupportedbyauthoritiestodealwithaginginthecountryside.8.Whatdotheelderlyresidentsdointhenursingfacility?A.Theyusetheirseparatekitchens. B.Theyenjoytheirleisureactivities.C.Theyshareadvancedmedicalservices. D.Theyemploycaregiverstolookafterthem.9.WhatapproachdoesthenursinghomeinYan’antaketodealwiththeruralaging?A.Followingstrictregulations. B.Developingmutualcooperation.C.Conductingcommercialstrategies. D.Promotingindividualindependence.10.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotheself-servicenursinghome?A.Objective. B.Indifferent. C.Favorable. D.Disapproving.11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.RuralRevival:China’sApproachtoAgingPopulationB.Promotingtraditionalvalues:ATaleofAginginRuralChinaC.BridgingGenerationGaps:TheStoryofYan’an’sNursingHomeD.Relationship-BasedCommunity:ANursingHomeinRuralChina【答案】8B9.B10.C11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了延安一個自助養(yǎng)老院的故事，展示了農(nóng)村互助養(yǎng)老模式?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Aftermeals,manyplaychessorchatattheirleisure.(飯后，許多人在閑暇時下棋或聊天)”可知，護理機構(gòu)中的老年人享受他們的休閑活動，故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Therearenocaregiversinsight.Instead,theresidentslookafteroneanotherattheself-servicenursingfacility,whichwasrebuiltfromadesertedprimaryschoolinMadongchuantownship.(這里看不到護理人員。相反，在這個由馬東川鄉(xiāng)一所廢棄的小學(xué)改建而成的自助養(yǎng)老院里，老人們互相照顧彼此)”最后一段“Comparedwithamorecommercialorrule-basedsocietyincities,ruralcommunitiesinChinaareknowntooperatethroughpersonalconnectionsandmutualtrust.(與城市中更加商業(yè)化或以規(guī)則為基礎(chǔ)的社會相比，中國的農(nóng)村社區(qū)通過個人關(guān)系和相互信任來運作)”可知，延安敬老院發(fā)展互助合作應(yīng)對農(nóng)村老齡化，故選B項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“ThenursinghomeinYan’anisoneofthebestexamplesofChina’sincreasingeffortstotakeadvantageofthestrengthof“relationship-basedcommunities”inrural(鄉(xiāng)村的)areastoensurefast-grayingresidentsarecaredfor.(延安的養(yǎng)老院是中國不斷努力利用農(nóng)村地區(qū)“關(guān)系型社區(qū)”的優(yōu)勢來確保快速老齡化居民得到照顧的最好例子之一)”可知，作者對自助式養(yǎng)老院的態(tài)度是支持的，故選C項。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文及最后一段中“Comparedwithamorecommercialorrule-basedsocietyincities,ruralcommunitiesinChinaareknowntooperatethroughpersonalconnectionsandmutualtrust.Theself-sufficient,interdependentculturedisplayedbythenursinghomeisbeingsupportedbyauthoritiestodealwithaginginthecountryside.(與城市中更商業(yè)化或規(guī)則化的社會相比，中國的農(nóng)村社區(qū)以個人關(guān)系和相互信任為基礎(chǔ)運作。養(yǎng)老院展示的自給自足、相互依賴的文化得到了當(dāng)局的支持，以應(yīng)對農(nóng)村的老齡化問題)”可知，文章圍繞延安農(nóng)村基于關(guān)系型社區(qū)的養(yǎng)老院展開，詳細描述了其中老人們的生活以及這種社區(qū)關(guān)系的作用，D項“Relationship-BasedCommunity:ANursingHomeinRuralChina(關(guān)系型社區(qū)：中國農(nóng)村的一家養(yǎng)老院)”最能概括全文，故選D項。DHere’saquickquiz.PersonAdoesafavorforyou.PersonBasksyoutodoafavorforhim.Whodoyoutendtolikemore?Surprisingly,theanswerisPersonB.Thisquirk(怪癖)ofhumannatureisknownastheBenFranklinEffect.BenjaminFranklincameacrossthephenomenonin1736whenservingasaclerktothePennsylvaniaAssembly.Apowerfulmemberdidn’tcareforFranklinandthreatenedtomakelifemiserableforhim.Whattodo?Insteadofwinninghimoverwithsweettalk,Franklinaskedifhecouldborrowarareandvaluablebookthemanowned.Thisrequestalteredtheman’sattitudeandpavedthewayfortheirfriendship.Franklin’stakeaway:“Hethathasoncedoneyouakindnesswillbereadytodoyouanother,thanhewhomyouyourselfhaveobliged.”Severalstudieshaveconfirmedthis.ButhowcanweexplaintheBenFranklinEffect?Somepsychologistsrefertocognitivedissonance(失調(diào)).It’sdifficulttoholdtwocontradictorythoughtsatthesametime.Itmakesusuncomfortable.Weresolvethistensionbychangingourmind.“Idon’tlikeJoe,butIamdoinghimafavor,”wemightthink.“SomaybeIdolikehim.”Whilecognitivedissonanceexplainsalot,italonedoesn’texplaintheBenFranklinEffect.One2015studyfoundthatitwas,rather,theaffiliative(親和的)motivethattherequestsconvey.Thatis,wehumanswanttomaintaingoodrelationswithotherhumans,andonewaytoachievethisisbydoingfavorsforothers.Thisexplainsalotaboutaltruisticbehavior.Welikebeingusefuland,byextension,welikethosewhogiveustheopportunitytodoso.It’sinourgenes.Yetthereismuchwestilldon’tknowabouttheBenFranklinEffect.Doesitapplyequallyacrosscultures?Isthereapointbeyondwhichaskingafavormakesyouless,notmorelikable?Askingtoborrowabookisonething;askingtoborrowacarisanother.12.WhydoestheauthormentionBenjaminFranklin’sexperience?A.Toillustrateadilemmainmakingchoices. B.Tosuggestawayofstrikingupfriendships.C.Tostresstheimportanceofstrategicrequests. D.TointroducetheoriginoftheBenFranklinEffect.13.Whatisareasonforpeople’stendencytolikethoseaskingforfavors?A.Reducingthetensioncausedbysocialcontact.B.Increasingthechanceofgettinghelpinreturn.C.Avoidingthediscomfortfromconflictingthoughts.D.Establishingacooperativecommunityofsharedtrust.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“altruistic”probablymeaninparagraph4?A.Selfless. B.Impolite. C.Aggressive. D.Responsible.15.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheBenFranklinEffect?A.Itmakeslittlesense. B.Itappliestomostcultures.C.Ithassituationallimitations. D.Ithasgreatpracticalsignificance.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章介紹了本·富蘭克林效應(yīng)?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Surprisingly,theanswerisPersonB.Thisquirk(怪癖)ofhumannatureisknownastheBenFranklinEffect.(令人驚訝的是，答案是B型這種人性的怪癖被稱為本·富蘭克林效應(yīng)。)”和第二段的“BenjaminFranklincameacrossthephenomenonin1736whenservingasaclerktothePennsylvaniaAssembly.Apowerfulmemberdidn’tcareforFranklinandthreatenedtomakelifemiserableforhim.Whattodo?Insteadofwinninghimoverwithsweettalk,Franklinaskedifhecouldborrowarareandvaluablebookthemanowned.Thisrequestalteredtheman’sattitudeandpavedthewayfortheirfriendship.Franklin’stakeaway:“Hethathasoncedoneyouakindnesswillbereadytodoyouanother,thanhewhomyouyourselfhaveobliged.”(本杰明·富蘭克林(BenjaminFranklin)在1736年擔(dān)任賓夕法尼亞州議會書記員時遇到了這種現(xiàn)象。一個有權(quán)有勢的成員不喜歡富蘭克林，并威脅要讓他的生活很痛苦。該怎么辦？富蘭克林沒有用甜言蜜語來說服他，而是問他是否可以借他擁有的一本珍貴的書。這個請求改變了男人的態(tài)度，為他們的友誼鋪平了道路。富蘭克林的結(jié)論是：“曾經(jīng)善待過你的人，會比你所善待的人更愿意為你做另一件事?！?”可推斷，作者提到本杰明·富蘭克林的經(jīng)歷為了介紹“本杰明·富蘭克林效應(yīng)”的起源。故選D。【13題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Somepsychologistsrefertocognitivedissonance(失調(diào)).It’sdifficulttoholdtwocontradictorythoughtsatthesametime.Itmakesusuncomfortable.(一些心理學(xué)家稱之為認知失調(diào)。同時持有兩種相互矛盾的思想是很難的。這讓我們感到不舒服。)”

可知，人們傾向于喜歡尋求幫助的人是因為認知失調(diào)，即避免持有矛盾的想法帶來的不適。故選C?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前文“One2015studyfoundthatitwas,rather,theaffiliative(親和的)motivethattherequestsconvey.Thatis,wehumanswanttomaintaingoodrelationswithotherhumans,andonewaytoachievethisisbydoingfavorsforothers.(2015年的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，更確切地說，這是請求所傳達的親和動機。也就是說，我們?nèi)祟愊Ｍc他人保持良好的關(guān)系，而實現(xiàn)這一目標的一種方式就是幫助他人。)”以及下文“Welikebeingusefuland,byextension,welikethosewhogiveustheopportunitytodoso.It’sinourgenes.(我們喜歡成為有用的人，推而廣之，我們喜歡那些給我們這樣做機會的人。這是我們的基因。)”可推斷，劃線詞所在句說明人類希望通過幫助他人來保持良好的關(guān)系，這解釋了無私的行為，因此推斷畫線詞與selfless“無私的”意思相近。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Yetthereismuchwestilldon’tknowabouttheBenFranklinEffect.Doesitapplyequallyacrosscultures?Isthereapointbeyondwhichaskingafavormakesyouless,notmorelikable?Askingtoborrowabookisonething;askingtoborrowacarisanother.(然而，我們對本·富蘭克林效應(yīng)還有很多不了解的地方。它在不同文化中都適用嗎？有沒有一個點，超過了這個點，請求別人幫忙會讓你更不討人喜歡，而不是更討人喜歡？借書是一回事；向別人借車是另一回事。)”可知，作者認為本·富蘭克林效應(yīng)有情境限制。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項中有兩項為多余選項。WhyarePoliceOfficersCalledCops?Policeofficersareoftenreferredtoascops.____16____Somearguethetermisshortenedfrom“copper”andcomesfromcopperbadges(徽章)wornbyapoliceman.Otherssaythatitstandsfor“ConstabularyofPolice”.Generalagreementonthewordoriginsof“cop”,however,suggeststhatthetermisbasedmoreonthepoliceman’sjobthanonhisclothingorjobtitle.InLatin,theverbcaperecanbedefinedas“tocapture.”InFrench,theverbiscaper.“Tocop”inEnglishistoseizeortotake.____17____SomealsobelievethattheDutchwordkapen,whichalsolooselytranslatesto“tostealortake”,isrelatedtopolicemenbeingcalledcoppersorcops.Essentially,thepoliceforcewastheretotakecriminalsoffthestreets.____18____AndsinceAmericanEnglishespeciallydrawsfromGerman,French,andLatin,thespecificlanguageoriginofkapenorcaperecreatesareadypathtotheterm“cop”.____19____Anditisnolongerconsideredrude.However,certainothertermsforpoliceofficersaredefinitelyunwelcome.WhileBritishPolicemightnotmindbeingcalled“bobbies”,nopolicemembersliketobereferredtoas“pigs”orthe“fuzz”.Somedon’tmindthetermthe“heat”asappliedtothewholepoliceforce,butthepoliceforcedoesnotgenerallytakekindlytotermsgiventothembycriminals.Theterm“cop”isinsuchcommonusagenowthatashowdocumentingtheirworkonthejobiscalledCops.EventhoughJ.EdgarHooveroncehighlyobjectedtotheterm,itisnowfinetorefertoapolicemanorapolicewomanasacop.____20____A.Thetermisslightlylessfamiliartopeople.B.So,theLatin,Dutch,andFrenchtermsareallsimilar.C.Thesewordsdefinesomeofwhatapoliceofficerdoes.D.Theprofessionofapoliceofficerwasnotrespectedthen.E.Buttheoriginsofthisnicknamearesomethingofadebate.F.However,theterm“policeofficer”isgenerallymostcorrect.G.Todayitisappropriatetocallmembersofthepoliceforcecops.【答案】16.E17.C18.B19.G20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章講述了警察為什么被稱為cops的由來?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Somearguethetermisshortenedfrom“copper”andcomesfromcopperbadges(徽章)wornbyapoliceman.Otherssaythatitstandsfor“ConstabularyofPolice”.(一些人認為這個詞是“copper”的縮寫，來自警察佩戴的銅徽章。也有人說它代表“警察總隊”。)”可知，關(guān)于“cop”這個昵稱的起源存在爭議。因此推斷E項“但這個綽號的起源卻存在爭議?！狈险Z境。故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Generalagreementonthewordoriginsof“cop”,however,suggeststhatthetermisbasedmoreonthepoliceman’sjobthanonhisclothingorjobtitle.InLatin,theverbcaperecanbedefinedas“tocapture.”InFrench,theverbiscaper.“Tocop”inEnglishistoseizeortotake.(然而，關(guān)于“cop”一詞起源的普遍共識表明，這個詞更多地是基于警察的工作，而不是他的服裝或頭銜。在拉丁語中，動詞capere可以被定義為“捕獲”。在法語中，動詞是caper?！癟ocop”在英語中的意思是抓住或拿走。)”可知，在不同的語言中有不同的詞定義了警察的部分工作，因此推斷C項“這些詞定義了警察的部分工作”總結(jié)上文，thesewords指代前文的詞匯。故選C?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Essentially,thepoliceforcewastheretotakecriminalsoffthestreets.(SomealsobelievethattheDutchwordkapen,whichalsolooselytranslatesto“tostealortake”,isrelatedtopolicemenbeingcalledcoppersorcops.（一些人還認為，荷蘭語kapen也可以粗略地翻譯為“偷竊或拿走”，與警察被稱為coppers或cops有關(guān)。從本質(zhì)上講，警察的存在是為了把罪犯趕出街頭。)”和下文“AndsinceAmericanEnglishespeciallydrawsfromGerman,French,andLatin,thespecificlanguageoriginofkapenorcaperecreatesareadypathtotheterm“cop”.(由于美式英語主要來源于德語、法語和拉丁語，kapen或capere的特定語言來源為“cop”一詞創(chuàng)造了一條現(xiàn)成的路徑。)”可知，荷蘭語kapen可以粗略地翻譯為“偷竊或拿走”，與警察被稱為coppers或cops有關(guān)，美式英語來自德語，法語和拉丁語，因此推斷B項“荷蘭語和法語的術(shù)語都很相似”承上啟下。故選B?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文“And

it

is

no

longer

considered

rude.(它不再被認為是粗魯?shù)摹?”可知，現(xiàn)在稱警察為cops不粗魯，是合適的。因此推斷G項“今天，把警察稱為cop是恰當(dāng)?shù)??！狈险Z境，下文是對此的詳細解釋。故選G?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Theterm“cop”isinsuchcommonusagenowthatashowdocumentingtheirworkonthejobiscalledCops.EventhoughJ.EdgarHooveroncehighlyobjectedtotheterm,itisnowfinetorefertoapolicemanorapolicewomanasacop.(“cop”這個詞現(xiàn)在被如此普遍地使用，以至于一個記錄他們工作的節(jié)目被稱為“Cops”。盡管J·埃德加·胡佛曾經(jīng)強烈反對這個詞，但現(xiàn)在把警察或女警察稱為cop是可以的。)”可知，現(xiàn)在稱呼apoliceman或者apolicewoman是最好的，與前一段是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此推斷F項“然而，“police

officer”這個術(shù)語通常是最正確的”。故選F。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。HereIwas,sittingintherollercoaster(過山車)cartofKingdaKainNewJersey,thetallestandsecondfastestrollercoasteronEarth.Myfriendsshoutedinexcitement,whileIshakily___21___myhandsonmyshorts.“Howcanyoubesoexcitedwhen...”Mywordscaughtinmythroatandmeltedintoscreamsastherollercoastersuddenly___22___forward.Itwasthefastest___23___Ihadeverexperiencedinmylife:128milesperhour.Iscreamedatthetopofmy___24___asfearfrozemeupfrominside.Werapidlymoveduptheskinnyhump(駝峰)risingintothecloudsataninetydegreeangle,havingcrossedthetrackbringingusforwardinmere___25___.___26___,closetothehighestpartofthehump,I___27___alittle.Myscreamsbecamelessterrifiedandmoreenergetic.Oncewereachedthe___28___ofthehump,Icouldalmosttouchthesky.Andthenwewerespiraling(盤旋)downwards,curvingandtwistingand___29___towardsEarthatthesamespeed.____30____Irealizedit,wehadalreadymettheground.Itwasathirty-second-longride.Imanagedto____31____theentireridewithoutabreakdown.Igaspedinsurprise.Itwasover.Ihadnotonlysurvivedtheride—Ihad____32____it.Myfriendturnedtome,hereyes____33____.“Areyoureadyforthenextrollercoaster?”MyheadfeltlightaswewalkedawayfromtheridespinningwithsomethingIdidn’t____34____recognize.Ittookmeafewminutestoputanametoit—thrill.“I’mreadyforanything.”Untiltoday,that___