2025屆內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特市高三上學(xué)期第一次質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版）

2025屆高三年級(jí)第一次質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。不能答在本試卷上，否則無(wú)效。本試卷滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A，B，C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題，每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Excuseme,canyoutellmehowmuchtheshirtis?A.￡19.15B.￡9.18C.￡9.15答案是C。1.HowwillthespeakersgobacktoLondon?A.Byair.B.Bytrain.C.Bycar.2.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.OnMonday.B.OnTuesday.C.OnWednesday.3.Whatwillthemandotonight?A.Attendameeting.B.Stayathome.C.Gotoaclub.4.Whatwilltheweatherbelikethisweekend?A.Snowy.B.Stormy.C.Fine.5.Whatiswrongwiththeman?AHisfeethurt.B.Hisshoesdon'tfithim.C.Hemissedalongwalkyesterday.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白，每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A，B，C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各個(gè)小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第6，7題。6.Whereistheaccountingoffice?A.Onthe4thfloor.B.Onthe5thfloor.C.Onthe6thfloor.7.Wherewillthewomangofirst?A.TheThairestaurant.B.Theaccountingoffice.C.Theshippingdepartment.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第8，9題。8.Whenistheman'sflightleaving?A.NextFriday.B.NextSaturday.C.NextSunday.9.Howmuchwillthemanhavetopayforalltickets?A.$580.B.$1,160.C.$1,740.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第10至12題。10.HowlongwillittakeJennytowriteherpaperaltogether?A.Twoweeks.B.Threeweeks.C.Oneweek.11.WhichpartisthemostdifficultforJenny?A.Writingthepaper.B.Preparinganoutline.C.Doingtheresearch.12.WhatdoesStanthinkJennyshoulddo?A.Copyhisoutline.B.Makeanoutlinebeforewriting.C.Useheroutlinefromlastsemester.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第13至16題。13.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Driverandpassenger.B.Clubownerandcustomer.C.Interviewerandinterviewee.14.Whatcantheguestsdoonthebus?A.Drivethebus.B.Havecolddrinks.C.Cookfood.15.Whatareguestsexpectedtodoforparties?A.Getdressedsmartly.B.BringtheirVIPcards.C.Bookclubsinadvance.16.Whatdoesthemansuggestguestsdobeforeafancy-dressparty?A.Controlthenumberofpeople.B.Informhimofthebookingtime.C.Avoidwearingjeansandsportsshoes.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第17至20題。17.Wheredoesthespeakercomefrom?A.Australia.B.England.C.America.18.WhatdoEnglishpeoplethinkofAmericans?A.Self-centered.B.Humorous.C.Cool.19.WhatdidthespeakerliketodointheafternooninEngland?A.Haveacupoftea.B.Watchcomedyshows.C.Playwithhisfriends.20.WhatdidthespeakerfindamazinginEngland?A.TheTVprogram.B.Theteashop.C.Theoldbuildings.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)閱讀(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWhichfruitpersonalityareyou?Intheworkplace,wehavetobeabletodealwithpeoplewhoaren’tlikeus.Noonewillchangeforyou,soyoujusthavetorespecttheirdifferences.Whenidentifyingpersonalitytypes,Iliketotalkintermsoffruit.Nobodyisjustonefruit,butweallhaveapreference.Andwetendtoemphasizeourtoptwo,especiallyunderpressure.Herearesomefruitpersonalitiesandhowbesttodealwiththem.TypesIntroduction&ManagementApple:HardCoreAppletypesaredirectanddon’tsufferfools.Theyarefast,logicalthinkerswholovetowinandhatetolosecontrol.They’llgetaresultatanycost,butseeconflictassport.1.Alwaysstanduptothem.2.Gettothepoint.3.Don’ttakeitpersonally.4.Watchandlearnfromthem.Mango:JuicyandMessyMangotypeslovelifeandcan’taffordtomissaminute.Theylovevarietybecausetheytendtobeeasilydistractedandnaturallyrulebreakers.1.Talkbigpicture,avoiddetails.2.Givethemfalsedeadlines.3.Don’tmicro-manage.Lemon:ConcentratedLemontypeslovestructureandorder.Theyareworrierswholikesecurityandpredictability.Theyexcelatspottinggapsinaplan.Buttoomanyrulescanalsobefrustrating.1.Respecttheirneedforspace.2.Don’tsurprisethem.3.Listenwithrespect.4.Showyourpace.Banana:SweetandGentleBananatypesenjoypeaceandshyawayfromconflicts.Theyarekindtoreacttoothers’requests.However,whentheyaretooaccommodating,theycanbeseenasindecisive.1.Don’tpressurethem,motivate.2.Createapositiveenvironment.3.Encourageregularfeedback.4.Benicetothem.1.WhatdopeopleofMangoandLemonpersonalitieshaveincommon?A.Theybothpreferprivatespaceandspecificdeadlines.B.Theybothdislikebeingrestrictedbyexcessiverules.C.Theybothserveasgoodice-breakersoftheworkplace.D.Theybothneedregularfeedbackandbeingmotivated.2.WhoprobablyfavorstheBananaPersonality?A.Jack,aninnovativethinkerwhoiswillingtofacechallenges.B.Adam,abrilliantplannerwhoalwaysstickstohisdailyroutines.C.Nancy,apatientworkerwhoprioritizesharmoniousrelationships.D.Robin,anopen-mindedleaderwhoadvocatesthevalueofdiversity.3.Wherecanthepassageprobablybefound?A.Inanacademicpaper. B.Inanentertainmentbook.C.Inabookreview. D.Inapsychologymagazine.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四種水果類(lèi)型的人格的特點(diǎn)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Mango部分中“Theylovevarietybecausetheytendtobeeasilydistractedandnaturallyrulebreakers.(他們喜歡變化，因?yàn)樗麄兒苋菀追中?，天生就?huì)打破常規(guī))”以及Lemon部分中“Buttoomanyrulescanalsobefrustrating.(但是太多的規(guī)則也會(huì)讓其沮喪)”可知，芒果型人格和檸檬型人格的人都不喜歡被過(guò)多的規(guī)定所限制。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Banana部分中“Bananatypesenjoypeaceandshyawayfromconflicts.(香蕉型的人喜歡和平，回避沖突)”可知，南希，一個(gè)耐心的員工，優(yōu)先考慮和諧的關(guān)系是香蕉型人格。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Whenidentifyingpersonalitytypes,Iliketotalkintermsoffruit.Nobodyisjustonefruit,butweallhaveapreference.Andwetendtoemphasizeourtoptwo,especiallyunderpressure.Herearesomefruitpersonalitiesandhowbesttodealwiththem.(在識(shí)別人格類(lèi)型時(shí)，我喜歡用水果來(lái)描述。沒(méi)有人只是一種水果，但我們都有自己的偏好。我們傾向于強(qiáng)調(diào)我們的前兩個(gè)，尤其是在壓力下。以下是一些水果的個(gè)性，以及如何最好地處理它們)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了四種水果類(lèi)型的人格的特點(diǎn)?？芍?，這篇文章可能出現(xiàn)在心理學(xué)雜志上。故選D。BIarrivedhomefromwork,mymindracing.Iwasscheduledtoperformanexperimentusingapriceypieceofequipment,butIhadspentthewholedayworryingabouttheexperimentwhichwasonthetopofmyagenda(日程),andIamazinglylongedtoshutoffmyanxiousthoughts.Soafterdinner,Imadeacupofhotchocolate,stretchedmyselfonmysofa,andopenedapage.Almostinstantly,mymindleftbehindthedetailsofexperimentaldesignandsteppedintoalandofmonsters,magicdust,andman-likebearscomprisingawonderfulworlddistinct(不同的)frommydailylife.ItwasexactlywhatIneeded.Growingup,Iwasvirtuallyneverabigfanofnovels.MyclassmateswouldbecrazyaboutthelatestHarryPotterbook,whilemycopysatcollectingdustonashelf.Instead,Iwouldchoosetoreadthroughthereferencebooksrelatedtomyacademicfieldsforbettergrades.AfterIstartedgraduateschool,extracurricularreadingdidn’tappealtomeatallbutIspentmostofmytimeoncampusdigestingresearchpapersandtextbooksandmymindcouldn’thandleprocessingfact-fillednonfictionbooksathome,too.SoIknewthatIneededtofindawaytoenjoyreadingagain.Tohelpmestickwithit,ImadeaNewYear’sresolution:Iwouldreadtwofictionbookspermonthfortheentireyear.Theresultwasanalmostinstantappreciationoffiction,alongwithmanyunexpectedresultsincludingonesthathavebenefitedmyschoolwork.WhatsurprisedmethemostwashowmuchIlearned.SomeofthebestbooksIreadwerehistoricalfictionalstorieshappeninginarealistichistoricalsetting.Ilearnedaboutlifeindifferentcountries,aswellasstrugglespeopletherefacedduringdifficultperiodsintheirhistories.Thebookshavehelpedmebuildsympathyandunderstanding,withanunexpectedbenefit:I’vestartedtothinkmoredeeplyaboutthediversityofissuesinthescientificcommunityandcouldserveit,heartandsoul.4.Whatdidtheauthordotowipeouttheanxiety?A.Hedrowneditinchocolate. B.Heconductedanexperiment.C.Hesleptonthesofaleisurely. D.Heescapedintoafantasyworld.5.Whatdoestheauthormeanbytheunderlinedpartinparagraph2?A.Readingnovelswasawasteoftime.B.Readingagoodbookwastimewellspent.CHewastoobusytotakegoodcareofhisbooks.D.TheHarryPotterbookwasn’tasgoodasexpected.6.HowdidtheNewYear’sresolutionbenefittheauthor?A.Moresympathywentouttohim.B.Hismoralvalueswerestrengthened.CHelearnedmuchaboutreligiousdiversity.D.Hegainednewinsightintohisacademicfields.7.What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A.Reading:ALifelongHobby B.ThePowerofResearchPapersC.Novels:LoveatSecondSight D.TheBenefitsofHistoryReading【答案】4.D5.A6.D7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述的是作者的閱讀之旅，隨著作者對(duì)閱讀的投入，作者也真正愛(ài)上了閱讀?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Soafterdinner,Imadeacupofhotchocolate,stretchedmyselfonmysofa,andopenedapage.Almostinstantly,mymindleftbehindthedetailsofexperimentaldesignandsteppedintoalandofmonsters,magicdust,andman-likebearscomprisingawonderfulworlddistinct(不同的)frommydailylife.ItwasexactlywhatIneeded.(晚飯后，我泡了一杯熱巧克力，躺在沙發(fā)上伸伸懶腰，打開(kāi)了一頁(yè)書(shū)。頃刻之間，我的思緒離開(kāi)了實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)的細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)入了一個(gè)充滿怪物、魔塵和像人一樣的熊的世界，這是一個(gè)與我日常生活截然不同的奇妙世界。這正是我所需要的。)”可知，作者消除自己焦慮的方法就是打開(kāi)一本書(shū)，沉浸到一個(gè)幻想的世界之中。故選D項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線句子下一句“Instead,Iwouldchoosetoreadthroughthereferencebooksrelatedtomyacademicfieldsforbettergrades.(相反，我會(huì)選擇閱讀與我的學(xué)科相關(guān)的參考書(shū)，以獲得更好的成績(jī)。)”可知，作者不是不閱讀，而是只會(huì)閱讀與自己學(xué)科相關(guān)的參考書(shū)。由此可知，作者是覺(jué)得閱讀諸如《哈利波特》這樣的小說(shuō)浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thebookshavehelpedmebuildsympathyandunderstanding,withanunexpectedbenefit:I’vestartedtothinkmoredeeplyaboutthediversityofissuesinthescientificcommunityandcouldserveit,heartandsoul.(這些書(shū)幫助我建立了同情和理解，帶來(lái)了一個(gè)意想不到的好處：我開(kāi)始更深入地思考科學(xué)界問(wèn)題的多樣性，并可以全心全意地為之服務(wù)。)”可推知，作者所閱讀的書(shū)讓他對(duì)自己的學(xué)科有了新的見(jiàn)解和看法。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段和第二段可知，作者只會(huì)閱讀和自己學(xué)科相關(guān)的書(shū)籍，希望自己能取得更好的成績(jī)。根據(jù)文章第三段“Tohelpmestickwithit,ImadeaNewYear’sresolution:Iwouldreadtwofictionbookspermonthfortheentireyear.Theresultwasanalmostinstantappreciationoffiction,alongwithmanyunexpectedresultsincludingonesthathavebenefitedmyschoolwork.(為了幫助我堅(jiān)持下去，我制定了一個(gè)新年計(jì)劃：一整年每個(gè)月讀兩本小說(shuō)。結(jié)果是，我?guī)缀趿⒖叹蛯?duì)小說(shuō)產(chǎn)生了欣賞，還有許多意想不到的結(jié)果，包括一些對(duì)我的學(xué)業(yè)有益的結(jié)果。)”可知，作者開(kāi)始閱讀小說(shuō)之后有了許多意想不到的結(jié)果。由此可知，C項(xiàng)Novels:LoveatSecondSight(小說(shuō)：一見(jiàn)鐘情)適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。CWhydowefinduglyanimalssoappealing?Andwhatmakesodd-lookingcreaturessocute?Evolution(進(jìn)化)playsarole.AccordingtoAustrianzoologistKonradLorenz,humanattractiontochildishfeatures,suchasbigeyes,largeheadsandsoftbodies,isanevolutionaryadaptationthathelpsensurethatadultscarefortheiryoung,guaranteeingthesurvivaloftheirspecies.Odd-lookinganimalssuchasblobfish,pugs,andbulldogsallsharethesechildishqualitiesthatinitiateanaffectionateresponseamonghumans.Andthesechildishcharacteristicsincreaseaperson’s“protectivebehavior,attentionandwillingnesstocare”fortheindividualandreducethe“l(fā)ikelihoodofattackstowardsachild”,saysMartaBorgi,aresearcher.Uglyanimalsoftenhaveothervalue—some,liketheblobfishorthenakedmolerat,liveinextremeenvironmentsthattheyhaveadaptedtoinremarkableways.Scientistsarekeentostudytheseanimalstounderstandwhethertheirbiologymightprovidefreshinsightsthatcouldleadtotreatmentsforhumanhealthconditionssuchascancer,heartdiseaseandotherdeadlydiseases.Ourfascinationwithugly-cuteanimalscanalsobetracedbacktoculturally-basedcauses.“Theugly-cutethingisveryfashionable,”saysRowenaPacker,alecturerofanimalbehavior.“Thisispartlydrivenbysocialmedia,withmanyinfluentialpeopleshowingoffpetpugsandFrenchbulldogsontheInternet,”shesays.Buttherearesomeseriouswelfareconcernsaroundthistrend.Vetsareurgingpeoplenottochooseaflat-faceddog,becausetheysufferfromserioushealthproblems.PugsandFrenchbulldogswhichhavebeenselectivelyproducedexperiencebreathingdifficulties,repeatedskininfectionsandeyediseases.Wemaywanttorethinkourlovefor“ugly-cute”animalsbecauseoftheirsillyfeatureslikeprotruding(鼓出的)eyesandwrinklyfaces.8.WhydopeoplelikeuglyanimalsaccordingtoKonradLorenz?A.Peopleappriciatetheireffortstosurvive. B.Peopleappreciatetheirsuperadaptability.C.Peopleareattractedbytheirchildishlooks. D.Peoplearefondoftheirfastresponsespeed.9.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Whatmediaarechangingpeople. B.Howpublicpracticesinfluencepeople.C.Whethersocialmediaisworthbelieving. D.Whycelebritiesshowofftheirpetanimals.10.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardspeople’sloveforuglyanimals?A.Opposed. B.Supportive. C.Indifferent. D.Cautious.11.HowdoestheauthormainlyanswerthequestionsraisedinParagraph1?A.Byquotingdifferentresearchers’findings. B.Byshowingsomeexamplesofkeepingpets.C.Byobservingpeople’sbehaviortowardsanimals. D.Byreferringtoauthoritativeevolutionarytheory.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了我們覺(jué)得又丑又可愛(ài)的動(dòng)物如此有吸引力的原因以及又丑又可愛(ài)的動(dòng)物的其他價(jià)值?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AccordingtoAustrianzoologistKonradLorenz,humanattractiontochildishfeatures,suchasbigeyes,largeheadsandsoftbodies,isanevolutionaryadaptationthathelpsensurethatadultscarefortheiryoung,guaranteeingthesurvivaloftheirspecies.Odd-lookinganimalssuchasblobfish,pugs,andbulldogsallsharethesechildishqualitiesthatinitiateanaffectionateresponseamonghumans..(根據(jù)奧地利動(dòng)物學(xué)家KonradLorenz說(shuō)法，人類(lèi)對(duì)大眼睛、大頭和柔軟身體等幼稚特征的吸引力是一種進(jìn)化適應(yīng)，有助于確保成年人照顧他們的幼崽，保證他們物種的生存。長(zhǎng)相古怪的動(dòng)物，如斑點(diǎn)魚(yú)、哈巴狗和斗牛犬，都有這些幼稚的品質(zhì)，這些品質(zhì)會(huì)在人類(lèi)中引發(fā)深情的反應(yīng)。)”可知，人們喜歡丑陋的動(dòng)物是因?yàn)楸凰鼈冇字傻耐獗硭?。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Ourfascinationwithugly-cuteanimalscanalsobetracedbacktoculturally-basedcauses.“Theugly-cutethingisveryfashionable,”saysRowenaPacker,alecturerofanimalbehavior.“Thisispartlydrivenbysocialmedia,withmanyinfluentialpeopleshowingoffpetpugsandFrenchbulldogsontheInternet,”shesays.(我們對(duì)又丑又可愛(ài)的動(dòng)物的迷戀也可以追溯到基于文化的原因。動(dòng)物行為學(xué)講師羅威娜·帕克說(shuō)：“這種丑與可愛(ài)的結(jié)合非常流行?！彼f(shuō)：“這在一定程度上是由社交媒體推動(dòng)的，許多有影響力的人在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上展示寵物哈巴狗和法國(guó)斗牛犬?！?”可知，第四段主要講的是公共行為如何影響人們。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Buttherearesomeseriouswelfareconcernsaroundthistrend.Vetsareurgingpeoplenottochooseaflat-faceddog,becausetheysufferfromserioushealthproblems.PugsandFrenchbulldogswhichhavebeenselectivelyproducedexperiencebreathingdifficulties,repeatedskininfectionsandeyediseases.(但這一趨勢(shì)引發(fā)了一些嚴(yán)重的福利擔(dān)憂。獸醫(yī)敦促人們不要選擇平臉狗，因?yàn)樗鼈冇袊?yán)重的健康問(wèn)題。選擇性飼養(yǎng)的巴哥犬和法國(guó)斗牛犬會(huì)出現(xiàn)呼吸困難、反復(fù)皮膚感染和眼疾)”以及最后一段“Wemaywanttorethinkourlovefor“ugly-cute”animalsbecauseoftheirsillyfeatureslikeprotruding(鼓出的)eyesandwrinklyfaces.(我們可能需要重新考慮我們對(duì)“又丑又可愛(ài)”的動(dòng)物的愛(ài)，因?yàn)樗鼈冇型怀龅难劬桶櫦y的臉等愚蠢的特征)”可推知，作者對(duì)人們對(duì)丑陋?jiǎng)游锏南矏?ài)持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“AccordingtoAustrianzoologistKonradLorenz,humanattractiontochildishfeatures,suchasbigeyes,largeheadsandsoftbodies,isanevolutionaryadaptationthathelpsensurethatadultscarefortheiryoung,guaranteeingthesurvivaloftheirspecies.(根據(jù)奧地利動(dòng)物學(xué)家KonradLorenz的說(shuō)法，人類(lèi)對(duì)大眼睛、大頭和柔軟身體等幼稚特征的吸引力是一種進(jìn)化適應(yīng)，有助于確保成年人照顧他們的幼崽，保證他們物種的生存)”以及“Andthesechildishcharacteristicsincreaseaperson’s“protectivebehavior,attentionandwillingnesstocare”fortheindividualandreducethe“l(fā)ikelihoodofattackstowardsachild”,saysMartaBorgi,aresearcher.(研究人員MartaBorgi說(shuō)，這些孩子氣的特征增加了一個(gè)人對(duì)個(gè)人的“保護(hù)行為、關(guān)注和關(guān)心意愿”，減少了“攻擊孩子的可能性”)”可推知，作者主要通過(guò)引用不同研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn)回答第1段提出的問(wèn)題。故選A。DWhenweencounteratroublesomeproblem,weoftengatheragrouptobrainstorm.However,substantialevidencehasshownthatwhenwegenerateideastogether,wefailtomaximizecollectiveintelligence.Tounearththehiddenpotentialinteams,we’rebetteroffshiftingtoaprocesscalled“brainwriting”.Youstartbyaskinggroupmemberstowritedownwhatisgoingonintheirbrainsseparately.Next,youpoolthemandsharethemamongthegroupwithouttellingtheauthors.Then,eachmemberevaluatesthemonhisorherown,onlyafterwhichdotheteammemberscometogethertoselectandimprovethemostpromisingoptions.Bydevelopingandassessingideasindividuallybeforechoosingandexpandingon

them,theteamcansurfaceandadvancepossibilitiesthatmightnotgetattentionotherwise.Anexampleofgreatbrainwritingwasin2010when33minersweretrappedundergroundinChile.Giventheurgencyofthesituation,therescueteamdidn’tholdbrainstormingsessions.Rather,theyestablishedaglobalbrainwritingsystemtogenerateindividualideas.A24-year-oldengineercameupwithatinyplastictelephone.Thisspecializedtoolendedupbecomingtheonlymeansofcommunicatingwiththeminers,makingitpossibletosavethem.ResearchbyorganizationalbehaviorscholarAnitaWoolleyandhercolleagueshelpstoexplainwhythismethodworks.Theyfindthatthekeytocollectiveintelligenceisbalancedparticipation.Inbrainstormingmeetings,it’stooeasyforparticipationtobecomeone-sidedinfavoroftheloudestvoices.Thebrainwritingprocessensuresthatallideasarebroughttothetableandallvoicesarebroughtintoconversation.Thegoalisn’t

tobethesmartestpersonintheroom.It’stomaketheroomsmarter.Collectiveintelligencebeginswithindividualcreativity,butitdoesn’tendthere.Individualsproduceagreatervolumeandvarietyofnovelideaswhentheyworkalone.Thatmeanstheynotonlycomeupwithmorebrilliantideasthangroupsbutalsomoreterribleideas.Therefore,ittakescollectivejudgmenttofindthesignalinthenoiseand

bringoutthebestideas.12.Whatisspecialaboutbrainwritingcomparedwithbrainstorming?A.Ithighlightsindependentwork. B.Itencouragesgroupcooperation.C.Itprioritizesqualityoverquantity. D.Itpreferswritingtooralexchanges.13.WhydoestheauthormentiontheChileminingaccidentinparagraph3?A.Tointroduceatooldevelopedduringbrainwriting.B.Topraiseayoungmanwithbrainwritingtechnique.C.Toillustrateasuccessfulapplicationofbrainwriting.D.Toexplaintheroleofbrainwritingincommunication.14.Howdoesbrainwritingpromotecollectiveintelligenceaccordingtoparagraph4?A.Byblockingtheloudestvoices. B.Byallowingequalinvolvement.C.Byimprovingindividualwisdom. D.Bygeneratingmorecreativeideas.15.Whichstepofbrainwritingdoestheauthorstressinthelastparagraph?A.Individual

writing. B.Groupsharing.C.Personalevaluation. D.Jointdiscussion.【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。大量證據(jù)表明，當(dāng)我們運(yùn)用頭腦風(fēng)暴共同產(chǎn)生想法時(shí)，我們無(wú)法最大限度地提高集體智慧。為了挖掘團(tuán)隊(duì)中隱藏的潛力，我們最好進(jìn)行“書(shū)面頭腦風(fēng)暴法”?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Youstartbyaskinggroupmemberstowritedownwhatisgoingonintheirbrainsseparately.Next,youpoolthemandsharethemamongthegroupwithouttellingtheauthors.Then,eachmemberevaluatesthemonhisorherown,onlyafterwhichdotheteammemberscometogethertoselectandimprovethemostpromisingoptions.(你首先要求小組成員分別寫(xiě)下他們大腦中發(fā)生的事情。接下來(lái)，你將它們匯集在一起，并在不告訴作者的情況下在小組中共享。然后，每個(gè)成員自己對(duì)其進(jìn)行評(píng)估，只有在評(píng)估之后，團(tuán)隊(duì)成員才會(huì)聚集在一起，選擇并改進(jìn)最有希望的選項(xiàng)。)”可知，與頭腦風(fēng)暴相比，書(shū)面頭腦風(fēng)暴法的特別之處在于它強(qiáng)調(diào)獨(dú)立工作。故選A?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的首句“Anexampleofgreatbrainwritingwasin2010when33minersweretrappedundergroundinChile.(2010年，智利有33名礦工被困井下，這就是一個(gè)偉大的腦力寫(xiě)作的例子。)”可推知，作者在本段提到智利的采礦事故是為了說(shuō)明書(shū)面頭腦風(fēng)暴法的成功應(yīng)用。故選C?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thebrainwritingprocessensuresthatallideasarebroughttothetableandallvoicesarebroughtintoconversation.Thegoalisn’t

tobethesmartestpersonintheroom.(書(shū)面頭腦風(fēng)暴法確保所有的想法都能被帶到桌面上，所有的聲音都能被帶入對(duì)話。我們的目標(biāo)不是成為房間里最聰明的人。)”可知，書(shū)面頭腦風(fēng)暴法要求每個(gè)人都參與，貢獻(xiàn)自己的智慧。因此，通過(guò)允許平等參與促進(jìn)集體智力。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“Collectiveintelligencebeginswithindividualcreativity,butitdoesn’tendthere.Individualsproduceagreatervolumeandvarietyofnovelideaswhentheyworkalone.Thatmeanstheynotonlycomeupwithmorebrilliantideasthangroupsbutalsomoreterribleideas.Therefore,ittakescollectivejudgmenttofindthesignalinthenoiseand

bringoutthebestideas.(集體智慧始于個(gè)人創(chuàng)造力，但它并沒(méi)有就此結(jié)束。當(dāng)個(gè)人獨(dú)自工作時(shí)，他們會(huì)產(chǎn)生更多的新穎想法。這意味著他們不僅提出了比團(tuán)體更聰明的想法，而且提出了更可怕的想法。因此，需要集體判斷才能在噪聲中找到信號(hào)并提出最佳想法。)”可知，集體智慧始于個(gè)人創(chuàng)造力，但是在個(gè)人產(chǎn)生想法后，要有集體判斷才能得到最佳想法。因此本段強(qiáng)調(diào)了共同討論的重要性。故選D。第二節(jié)七選五(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Tiredoftraditionalchlorinated(含氯的)pools?Considerasaltwaterpool,apopulartrendinrecentyears.Asaltwaterpoolisatypeofswimmingpoolthatusesasaltchlorinegeneratortoproduceitsownsupplyofchlorine.Thismeansinsteadofmanuallyaddingharsh(刺激性的)chemicalstoapool,thegeneratorchangessaltintochlorineandreleasesitintothewaterasneeded.___16___Theystillcontainlevelsofchlorineandotherminerals,buttheamountissignificantlylow.Whatsetssaltwaterpoolsapartfromtheirtraditionalcounterparts?Withtraditionalchlorinepools,ownersmustmonitorandadjustchemicallevelsregularlytomaintainproperbalance-toomuchortoolittlecancausemajorproblemsforswimmers.___17___Withasaltwatersystemsetupinthepool,onedoesn’thavetospendasmuchtimetestingandadjustingchemicallevels.Thegeneratorautomaticallyproducesenoughchlorinebasedonthepool’ssize.___18___Haveyoueverbeeninatraditionalchlorinepoolanyhomeoutwithred,irritated(刺癢的)skinorburningeyes?___19___Saltwaterpools,however,useasaltwaterchlorinationsystemthatproducesnaturalchlorinetotreatthewater,whichiskindertotheskinandeyes.Plus,mineralslikemagnesiumandpotassiuminsaltwaterpoolscanbenefittheskin.___20___Saltwaterpoolsrequirefewerchemicaladditionsandresultinlowerchlorinebyproductemissions.Sincethere’snoneedforchemicalstorage,there’slessriskofaccidentsorspills.A.You’llleaveasaltwaterpoolfeelingrefreshed.B.Switchingtosaltwaterpoolsisalsoeco-friendly.C.Thiscanbequiteexhaustingandtime-consuming.D.It’snosecretthatchlorinecanbeharshonthebody.E.However,saltwaterpoolsarenotcompletelychemical-free.F.Soonedoesn’thavetoworryaboutthestrongsmellofchlorine.G.It’slikehavinganassistantmanagetheaffairswhileyoujustenjoyyourself!【答案】16.E17.C18.G19.D20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了鹽水泳池及其相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)的含氯泳池的優(yōu)點(diǎn)?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Theystillcontainlevelsofchlorineandotherminerals,buttheamountissignificantlylow.(它們?nèi)匀缓新群推渌V物質(zhì)，但含量很低)”可知，空后一句鹽水泳池仍然含有氯和其他礦物質(zhì)，可知此處需要一個(gè)句子表示轉(zhuǎn)折，提供了一個(gè)重要的澄清，即鹽水泳池并不是完全不含化學(xué)物質(zhì)。故E選項(xiàng)“然而，鹽水池并非完全沒(méi)有化學(xué)物質(zhì)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Whatsetssaltwaterpoolsapartfromtheirtraditionalcounterparts?Withtraditionalchlorinepools,ownersmustmonitorandadjustchemicallevelsregularlytomaintainproperbalance-toomuchortoolittlecancausemajorproblemsforswimmers.(是什么讓鹽水池與傳統(tǒng)的同類(lèi)水池區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)？對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)的含氯泳池，業(yè)主必須定期監(jiān)測(cè)和調(diào)整化學(xué)物質(zhì)的含量，以保持適當(dāng)?shù)钠胶狻^(guò)多或過(guò)少都會(huì)給游泳者帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題)”可知，空前一句提到傳統(tǒng)氯池需要定期監(jiān)測(cè)和調(diào)整化學(xué)水平，故本句承接上文說(shuō)明這一做法的利弊。故C選項(xiàng)“這很累人，也很耗時(shí)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Withasaltwatersystemsetupinthepool,onedoesn’thavetospendasmuchtimetestingandadjustingchemicallevels.Thegeneratorautomaticallyproducesenoughchlorinebasedonthepool’ssize.(在游泳池里安裝了鹽水系統(tǒng)，人們就不必花那么多時(shí)間測(cè)試和調(diào)整化學(xué)物質(zhì)的含量。發(fā)生器根據(jù)池的大小自動(dòng)產(chǎn)生足夠的氯)”可知，上文提到鹽水池系統(tǒng)安裝后，人們不必花費(fèi)同樣多的時(shí)間測(cè)試和調(diào)整化學(xué)水平，發(fā)生器會(huì)根據(jù)泳池大小自動(dòng)產(chǎn)生足夠的氯，此處需要一個(gè)句子來(lái)說(shuō)明鹽水池系統(tǒng)的好處。故G選項(xiàng)“這就像讓一個(gè)助理處理事務(wù)，而你只管盡情享受！”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Haveyoueverbeeninatraditionalchlorinepoolanyhomeoutwithred,irritated(刺癢的)skinorburningeyes?(你是否曾經(jīng)在傳統(tǒng)的氯池中，或者在家里發(fā)現(xiàn)皮膚發(fā)紅、過(guò)敏或眼睛灼熱？)”可知，空前一句提到在傳統(tǒng)氯池中游泳后，人們可能會(huì)感到皮膚發(fā)紅、刺痛或眼睛灼痛，因此可以推斷氯對(duì)人體有刺激作用。又根據(jù)后文“Saltwaterpools,however,useasaltwaterchlorinationsystemthatproducesnaturalchlorinetotreatthewater,whichiskindertotheskinandeyes.Plus,mineralslikemagnesiumandpotassiuminsaltwaterpoolscanbenefittheskin.(然而，鹽水池使用的是一種能產(chǎn)生天然氯的鹽水氯化系統(tǒng)來(lái)處理水，這對(duì)皮膚和眼睛更友好。此外，鹽水池中的鎂和鉀等礦物質(zhì)對(duì)皮膚有益)”提到鹽水泳池使用的是鹽水加氯系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生天然氯來(lái)消毒水質(zhì)，這對(duì)皮膚和眼睛更為溫和，前后形成對(duì)比，故D選項(xiàng)“氯對(duì)身體有害已經(jīng)不是什么秘密了”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Saltwaterpoolsrequirefewerchemicaladditionsandresultinlowerchlorinebyproductemissions.Sincethere’snoneedforchemicalstorage,there’slessriskofaccidentsorspills.(咸水池需要較少的化學(xué)添加劑，導(dǎo)致較少的氯副產(chǎn)品排放。由于不需要化學(xué)儲(chǔ)存，事故或泄漏的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就會(huì)降低)”可知，本段主要說(shuō)明了鹽水泳池對(duì)環(huán)境友好，故B選項(xiàng)“改用咸水池也是環(huán)保的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。第三部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。HaveyoueverheardofandseenCanadiangeese?Doyouknowthatthey___21___freshgrassandseeds?Canadiangeesehaveagood___22___fortheirpoliteness.Theyalwaysbowdowntoyouwheneveryouwalkby.However,Ihaverecentlyfoundthattheycansometimesbe___23___totheirpeers,especiallyonoccasionswhentheyquarrelforfood——yes,these___24___gentlemendoquarrel,justforsomethingtoeatYesterdayIwitnessedtwoCanadianGeesearguing___25___foraclump(草叢)ofbeautifulfreshgrass.Theclumpwas___26___rightinthemiddleofthem,whilethetwowereshoutingnoisily,stretchingtheirnecksaslongastheycouldtolookaggressivelyateachother.It’s___27___towitnessthe“impolite”sideofCanadiangeese.Hence,Icouldn’thelp___28___mymorningwalk,standingstilltowatchthese“gentlemen”quarreling.Interestingly,afterashortwhile,atruckroaredpasttheirfeast,disturbingtheir___29___conversation.Thetwogeesewereequally___30___bythemassive“monster”,thusgivinguptheirconversation.Wouldtheystartquarrelingagain?Istoodstill,___31___theridiculousquestionandwaited.Beyondmyexpectation,rightafterthetruck’spassingby,thetwogeeseimmediatelylosttheir___32___forquarrelingasiftheyhadforgottenallaboutwhathadhappened.Eventhetwoturnedaroundandleftthe___33___inoppositedirectionsasifnothinghadhappened.Theyleftonlymethere,imaginingwhatmighthavehappenedwithoutthe___34___.Theygotalongharmoniouslyagain.Sometimesit’snotthatbadtobe___35___.21.A.drawon B.focuson C.feedon D.tryon22.A.desire B.reputation C.affection D.appetite23.A.generous B.faithful C.weird D.rude24.A.well-informed B.well-dressed C.well-behaved D.well-balanced25.A.fiercely B.blindly C.cautiously D.gently26.A.deserted B.located C.fixed D.laid27.A.frequent B.rare C.common D.constant28.A.restricting B.changing C.pausing D.speeding29.A.desperate B.simple C.serious D.disharmonious30.A.frightened B.annoyed C.crashed D.injured31.A.findingout B.dealingwith C.lookinginto D.wonderingabout32.A.passion B.reason C.talent D.anxiety33.A.scene B.destination C.landscape D.park34.A.looker-on B.passer-by C.truck D.clump35.A.upset B.forgetful C.mean D.greedy【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.C25.A26.B27.B28.C29.D30.A31.D