中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)縱覽考點(diǎn)3形容詞和副詞

...wd......wd......wd...中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)縱覽3——形容詞和副詞形容詞、副詞概述1、形容詞定義： 形容詞(adjective)，簡(jiǎn)稱adj，用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。2、副詞定義： 副詞(adverb)，簡(jiǎn)稱adv，用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞，表示時(shí)間、頻率、范圍、語(yǔ)氣、程度等。二、形容詞、副詞考點(diǎn)縱覽考點(diǎn)一：形容詞的功能及位置考點(diǎn)1：形容詞作定語(yǔ)。形容詞作定語(yǔ)，放在名詞之前，不定代詞之后。Helivesinabeautifulhouse.他住在一座漂亮的房子里。Thereisnothingimportantintoday’snews.今天報(bào)紙上沒(méi)有什么重要內(nèi)容。典型例題1Itisakindof________(health)food.答案：healthy〔health的形容詞是healthy，這里用形容詞修飾名詞food?！车湫屠}2Doyouknow________inthisfield?A.anybodyfamousB.famousanybodyC.somebodyfamousD.famoussomebody答案：A〔一般疑問(wèn)句用anybody，而且形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，要后置?！车湫屠}3WealllikeJulia,becausesheisa________girl.A.alikeB.lovelyC.awakeD.well答案：B〔alovelygirl表示“一個(gè)得意的女孩〞〕考點(diǎn)2：形容詞作表語(yǔ)。=1\*GB3①形容詞作表語(yǔ)，放在系動(dòng)詞〔be,feel,look,smell,taste,sound,get,become,keep,turn,seem等〕之后。Everythingwillbeallright.一切都會(huì)好的。Afteralongwalk,Ifelttired.走了很遠(yuǎn)的一段路后我累了。=2\*GB3②表語(yǔ)形容詞只能做表語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ)，這類詞多半是以a-開頭的形容詞。alone單獨(dú)的asleep熟睡的awake醒著的alike相似的afraid害怕的alive活著的Shewasaloneathome.她單獨(dú)一人在家。Iwasawakeallnight.我整個(gè)晚上都沒(méi)合眼。Thegirlawakeishisyoungersister.那個(gè)醒著的女孩是他的妹妹。典型例題1---Whatdoyouthinkofthecake?---Ittastes________.A.goodB.badlyC.wellD.terribly答案：A〔taste是系動(dòng)詞，后面接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，三個(gè)選項(xiàng)只有g(shù)ood是形容詞〕典型例題2The________girlwassmiling.Shelookedvery_______.A.asleep,happyB.slept,sadC.sleeping,happyD.sleep,angrily答案：C〔這里表示“熟睡的女孩正在笑，她看起來(lái)非常開心〞〕典型例題3Weshouldkeep______inthereadingroom.A.quiteB.quietlyC.quietD.quickly 答案：C〔keepquiet表示“保持安靜〞〕考點(diǎn)3：形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。形容詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，放在賓語(yǔ)之后，常與make,leave,keep,find等動(dòng)詞連用。Hekeepstheclassroomcleaneveryday.他們每天保持教室干凈。Peopleusuallykeepthevegetablesfreshinthefridge.人們常把蔬菜放在冰箱里保鮮。典型例題1Itisgoodtoleavethedoor______whenitisverycold.A.openB.openedC.closeD.closed答案：D〔close的形容詞是closed，這里表示“最好讓門處于關(guān)著的狀態(tài)〞〕典型例題2WeallloveMissYang.Shealwaysmakesherhistoryclassvery______.A.interestB.interestsC.interestingD.interested答案：C〔interesting表示歷史課有趣，與物連用用interesting，與人連用用interested〕典型例題3Ifoundthedoor_______whenIgothome.A.openedB.closeC.unlockingD.open答案：D〔open的形容詞還是open，這里用來(lái)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)〕考點(diǎn)4：形容詞的名詞化?！皌he+形容詞〞具有名詞特征，表示一類人或事物。如theold(dead,rich,poor,sick,beautiful,new...)=1\*GB3①當(dāng)表示一類人或事物作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Theblindaretakengoodcareofinourcountry.在我們國(guó)家盲人受到很好的照顧。=2\*GB3②當(dāng)表示抽象概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Thebeautifulisnotalwaystheuseful.美麗的并不總是有用的?？键c(diǎn)5：形容詞的先后順序。如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí),形容詞的先后順序由它們和被修飾的名詞之間的密切程度而定,越密切的形容詞越靠近名詞。如果幾個(gè)形容詞的密切程度差不多則按音節(jié)少的形容詞放在前面,音節(jié)多的形容詞放在后面。為方便記憶，可記住一句話：美小圓舊黃，法國(guó)木書房。限定詞數(shù)詞性狀形容詞冠詞指示代詞物主代詞序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞描繪性形容詞形狀大小長(zhǎng)短上下年齡新舊溫度顏色國(guó)籍地區(qū)出處材料物質(zhì)目的用途a(n)thethismyfirstsecondthirdonetwogoodkindsickrudenicelittlebiglargelongroundoldnewhotcoldredblackBritishChineseAsianeasternstonesilkwritingmedical典型例題1JohnSmith,asuccessfulbusinessman,hasa____car.A.largeGermanwhite B.largewhiteGermanC.whitelargeGerman D.Germanlargewhite 答案：B〔按照“大小+顏色+國(guó)際〞的順序〕典型例題2Therearedinnertablesondisplayinthehall.A.twobigroundnewChinesewoodenB.twoChinesebigroundnewwoodenC.bigroundnewChinesetwowoodenD.bigroundnewtwowoodenChinese答案：A〔按照“限定詞+大小+形狀+新老+國(guó)際+材料〞的順序〕典型例題3Mr.Brownhascar.A.abeautifulnewAmericanB.anewAmericanbeautifulC.anewbeautifulAmericanD.anAmericanbeautifulnew答案：A〔按照“限定詞+描繪+新舊+國(guó)際〞的順序〕考點(diǎn)二：副詞的功能及位置考點(diǎn)1：副詞的分類及位置。表示類別例句時(shí)間now,then,before,ago,early,lately,late,yesterday…地點(diǎn)here,there,above,below,down,up,downstairs,upstairs…程度very,much,so,too,quite,fairly,rather…頻率always,usually,often,sometimes,rarely,seldom,hardly,never…方式fast,quickly,slowly,happily,quietly…評(píng)注honestly,maybe,generally…舉例forexample,suchas...疑問(wèn)when,where,why,how聯(lián)系therefore,besides,otherwise,however,moreover,still…位置：1.一般副詞做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，如謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后帶有賓語(yǔ)，放在賓語(yǔ)后。2.頻率副詞放在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前。3.某些邏輯連接副詞，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)上下句銜接，放在句子前。4.enough修飾形容詞和副詞時(shí)，要放在所修飾詞之后。典型例句Theyarelaughinghappily.他們?cè)诳鞓?lè)地大笑。Sheisneverlateforschool.她上學(xué)從不遲到。Weoftengooutforawalkaftersupper.晚飯后我們常常去散步。Hegotupearlyenoughtocatchthebus.他起得足夠早，可以趕上公交車?？键c(diǎn)三：形容詞副詞對(duì)比級(jí)、最高級(jí)考點(diǎn)1：形容詞、副詞對(duì)比級(jí)的變化規(guī)則。規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成法原級(jí)對(duì)比級(jí)最高級(jí)單音節(jié)詞+er/estshortshortershortestcoldcoldercoldest以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的詞+r/stwidewiderwidestlargelargerlargest單個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫末尾輔音字母+er/estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i+er/estheavyheavierheaviestbusybusierbusiest多音節(jié)詞在前面+more/mostimportantmoreimportantmostimportantbeautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautiful不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)對(duì)比級(jí)最高級(jí)good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest典型例題1Iwishyoudotalkingandsomemorework.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.less B.much C.more D.little答案：A〔這里表示“說(shuō)的少、做的多〞，所以用less來(lái)修飾talk〕典型例題2TherearepeopleinChinathaninIndia.ThatmeansthepopulationofChinaisthanthatofIndia.much;smallerB.more;largeC.bigger;moreD.more;larger答案：D〔這兩空都用對(duì)比級(jí)more和larger，因?yàn)楹竺娑加衪han〕典型例題3Wehavesentsomebookstothechildreninthatvillage.However,theystillneed(many).答案：more〔根據(jù)句意，表示“還需要更多的書〞，所以用對(duì)比級(jí)more〕考點(diǎn)2：形容詞、副詞原級(jí)用法。=1\*GB3①表示二者在性質(zhì)和程度上一樣時(shí)，用“as+adj./adv.原級(jí)+as〞構(gòu)造。Herunsasfastasyou.他跑的和你一樣快。Nothingcanbesosimpleasthis.再?zèng)]有比這更簡(jiǎn)單的了。=2\*GB3②表示“不如〞或“不相等〞，用“notas/so+adj./adv.原級(jí)+as〞或“l(fā)ess+adj./adv.原級(jí)+than〞構(gòu)造。Thispictureisnotsogoodasthatone.這幅畫沒(méi)有那幅畫好。Hedoesn’twriteascarefullyashissister.他寫字不如她妹妹細(xì)心。=3\*GB3③表示“A是B的…倍〞時(shí)，用“A+is+倍數(shù)+as+adj./adv.原級(jí)+as+B〞構(gòu)造?！惨话雋alf；兩倍twice；三倍及以上：基數(shù)詞+times〕。Ourschoolistwiceaslargeastheirs.我們學(xué)校是他們學(xué)校兩倍大。典型例題1HespeaksEnglishwellindeed,butofcoursenot________anativespeaker.A.asfluentasB.morefluentthan C.sofluentlyasD.muchfluentlythan答案：C〔這里用notsofluentlyas表示“沒(méi)有當(dāng)?shù)厝肆骼暋车湫屠}2Wehaveplanted________as________treesastheyhave.A.twotimes;muchB.twotimes;moreC.twice;manyD.twice;more答案：C〔twiceasmanytreesas表示“兩倍多的樹〞〕考點(diǎn)3：形容詞、副詞對(duì)比級(jí)用法。=1\*GB3①對(duì)比級(jí)用于兩者進(jìn)展對(duì)比，構(gòu)造為“Ais對(duì)比級(jí)thanB〞。Mybikeismorebeautifulthanhers.我的自行車比她的漂亮。Heworksharderthanbefore.他工作比以前努力。=2\*GB3②表示兩者之間選擇，用“which/whois對(duì)比級(jí)，AorB〞表示兩者之間對(duì)比，用“the+對(duì)比級(jí)〞構(gòu)造。Whichisnearertothesun,themoonortheearth?哪個(gè)離太陽(yáng)更近，月球還是地球Heisthethinnerofthetwo.他是兩人中較瘦的那個(gè)。=3\*GB3③“越來(lái)越……〞用“對(duì)比級(jí)and對(duì)比級(jí)〞構(gòu)造，多音節(jié)和局部雙音節(jié)詞用“moreandmore原級(jí)〞。Theweatherisbecomingcolderandcolder.天氣變得越來(lái)越冷了。Sheisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.她變得越來(lái)越美了。=4\*GB3④表示“越……越……〞時(shí)，用“the+對(duì)比級(jí)，the+對(duì)比級(jí)〞構(gòu)造。Themorecarefulyouare,themorepointsyouwillget.你越細(xì)心，得分越多。典型例題1Ofthetwosisters,Bettyis________one,andsheisalsotheonewholovestobequiet.A.ayoungerB.ayoungest C.theyoungerD.theyoungest答案：C〔表示兩者中較……之一時(shí)，對(duì)比級(jí)前面要用定冠詞the〕典型例題2It’sbelievedthat________youwork,________resultyou’llget.A.theharder;thebetter B.themorehard;themorebetterC.theharder;abetterD.morehard;morebetter答案：A〔這里表示“你工作的越努力、結(jié)果越好〞〕典型例題3Yourstoryisperfect;I’veneverheard________before.A.thebetteroneB.thebestoneC.abetteroneD.agoodone答案：C〔這里表示“我沒(méi)有聽過(guò)比這更好的故事了〞〕考點(diǎn)4：形容詞、副詞最高級(jí)用法。=1\*GB3①表示三者及以上人或物進(jìn)展對(duì)比時(shí)用最高級(jí)，構(gòu)造為“the+最高級(jí)+in/of+范圍〞。Thepictureisthebestofall.這幅畫是所有畫中最好的。Sheisthemostbeautifulgirlintheclass.她是班上最美的女孩。Sheismybestfriend.她是我最好的朋友。=2\*GB3②表示在三者及以上之間選擇，用“which/whoisthe最高級(jí)，A,BorC〞。Whoisthetallest,Tom,KateorBill?湯姆、凱特、比爾，誰(shuí)最高=3\*GB3③“最……之一〞用“oneofthe最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)〞構(gòu)造。Sheisoneofthemostpopularteachersinourschool.她是我們學(xué)校最受歡送的教師之一。=4\*GB3④形容詞最高級(jí)前面加序數(shù)詞，表示“第幾最……〞。Sheisthesecondtallestgirlinourclass.她是我班上第二高的女孩。典型例題1Heistallerthananyotherboyinourclass.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)答案：Heisthetallestboyinourclass.典型例題2Whichis,Ann,SusieorTina?theshorterB.theshortestC.themostshortestD.short答案：B〔三者之間進(jìn)展對(duì)比，用最高級(jí)〕典型例題3Sheisoneofinourclass.A.agoodstudentB.thebeststudentC.beststudentsD.thebeststudents答案：D〔“oneofthe最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)〞表示“最……之一〞〕三、穩(wěn)固訓(xùn)練(2012●常州市)1.---Tom,whatdoyouthinkoftheschool? ---Oh,nootherschoolisinthecity.It'sone.A.better;abetter B.thebest;thebestC.better;thebest D.thebest;abetter(2016●常州市)2.---Doyouenjoyyourselfattheconcert?---Yes.Ihaveneverbeento_______onebefore.A.abetter B.thebest C.aworse D.theworse(2016●常州市)3.Thecoachthinks______ofMary'ssportstalents,forshejumpedvery______atthesportsmeeting.A.high;high B.highly;highly C.high;highly D.highly;high(2014●淮安市)4.Mumlikesmakingpicturesandthepiesshecooksalwaystaste_______.A.good B.well C.bad D.badly(2015●連云港市)5.---TheInternetservicefeesaretoohigh,andthespeedistooslow.---That'swhyPremierLiKeqiangasksoperators(運(yùn)營(yíng)商〕toprovideInternet.A.manycheaperandquickerB.verycheaperandquickerC.morecheaperandquickerD.muchcheaperandquicker(2014●南京市)6.---DoyouenjoyHanLei'ssongs?---Yes.HeisthewinnerofI'mSingerII.Ican'tthinkofanyonewitha______voice.A.betterB.bestC.moreD.most(2012●南通市)7.Boboftensaysthatswimmingis_____________thanhikinginreducingweight,buthealwaysspendsmoretimeonswimming.A.lessusefulB.lessinterestingC.moreusefulD.moreinteresting(2015●南通市)8.---Ihearit'snoteasytogetaticketforFast&Furious7.---Exactly.Thefilmistheonethisyear.A.lessexcitingB.moreexcitingC.mostexcitingD.leastexciting(2016●南通市)9.---Whataboutyesterday'sdragondance?---Oh,it'soneI'veeverseen.A.amostwonderfulB.morewonderfulC.themostwonderfulD.amorewonderful(2011●蘇州市)10.Ifyoudon'twork_______enough,Idon'tthinkyourdreamwillcome_______.A.hardly;truly B.hardly;trueC.hard;trueD.hard;truly(2012●蘇州市)11.Ihadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_________thanI'dexpected.A.heavy B.heavier C.theheavier D.theheaviest(2013●蘇州市)12.PeterspeaksChinesewellindeed,butofCoursenot______alocalspeakerinChina.A.sofluentlyas B.morefluentthanC.asfluentas D.muchfluentlythan(2014●蘇州市)13.---Thepictureis,Ihavetosay,notabitbeautiful.---Why?It's________than the picturesIhaveeverseen.A.farmorebeautiful B.muchlessbeautifulC.nomorebeautiful D.anylessbeautiful(2016●蘇州市)14.---Playingvideogamesisawasteoftime.---Ican'tagreemore.Therearemeaningfulthingstodo.A.themostB.theleast C.more D.less(2013?無(wú)錫市)15.---Whatdoyouthinkofhisnewdesign?---It'sofeven__________practicalvaluethantheoldone.He'sjustabookworm!A.greater B.great C.less D.little(2015?無(wú)錫市)16.---Thestuntmanisplanningtowalkonthewingsofaflyingpla