新課標(biāo)高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練　

新課標(biāo)高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練精品

（一）

閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）

閱讀下面的短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)

A

“HowcanIlearnEnglishwell?"Thisisaquestionmanystudentsask.Inmyopinion,themost

effectivewayistolearnlessonsbyheart.Ifyoucanrecitethetextandwriteitout,you'velearnedit

fairlywell.Andifyoucantell,inyourownwords,whatthelessonsaysyou'reaverysuccessfullearner

indeed.YourEnglishwillbequiteperfect.

Thisisadifficulttask.However,ifyoutrytolearnbyheartonlypartofeachlesson,you'llfindit

nothalfsohardasyoumighthavethought.

Learningthisway,youwillmakerapidprogress.Ofcourse,writingisalsonecessary.Ithelpsyoualot

onourwaytosuccessinEnglish.

Equallyimportantistofeelthelanguage.Youshouldbeabletolaughatjokesandbeshockedat

badnews.WhenusingEnglish,trytoforgetyourmothertongue.Insteadofhelpingyou,yourown

languagegetsinyourway.So,nevertrytoseeEnglishthroughtranslation.

56.Inthewriter'sopinion,themosteffectivewayinlearningEnglishis.

A.topractisespeaking,writingandfeelingit

B.toforgetyourownnativelanguage

C.totranslateeverythingintohisownlanguage

D.tomemorizetheEnglishwordsandgrammaticalrules

57."Insteadofhelpingyou,yourownlanguagegetsinyourway."Thissentencemeansthat

memorizingyourownlanguagecan.

A.helpyoutostudyEnglishwell

B.stopyoumasteringEnglish

C.makeEnglisheasytolearn

D.helpyounoticemistakes

58.Equallyimportantistofeelthelanguage.€fctofeelthelanguage9'heremeans.

A.togetaknowledgeofEnglishbytouching

B.tobeabletoreadandwriteEnglish

C.totranslateEnglishintoyourownbyimagining

D.tobeabletoexperiencetherichsensationofthelanguage

B

Whenwecanseewell,wedonotthinkaboutoureyesoften.Itisonlywhenwecannotsee

perfectlythatwecometoseehowimportantoureyesare.

Peoplewhoarenearsightedcanonlyseethingsthatareveryclosetotheireyes.Manypeoplewho

doalotofclosework,suchaswritingandreading,becomenearsighted.Thentheyhavetowearglasses

inordertoseedistantthingsclearly.

Peoplewhoarefarsightedfacejusttheoppositeproblem.Theycanseethingsthatarefaraway,but

theyhavedifficultyreadingabookunlesstheyholditatarm'slength.Iftheywanttodomuchreading,

theymustgetglassestoo.

Otherpeopledonotseeclearlybecausetheireyesarenotexactlytherightshape.This,too,canbe

correctedbyglasses.Somepeople'seyesbecomecloudybecauseofcataracts.Longagothesepeople

oftenbecameblind.Now,however,itispossibletooperateonthecataractsandremovethem.

Whennightfalls,colorsbecomefaintertotheeyesandfinallydisappear.Afteryoureyeshave

grownusedtothedark,youcanseebetterifyouusethesideofyoureyesratherthanthecenters.

Sometimes,afterdark,youseeasmallthingtoonesideofyou,whichseemstodisappearifyouturn

yourheadinitsdirection.Thisisbecausewhenyouturnyourhead,youarelookingatthethingtoo

directly.Menonguarddutysometimesthinktheyseesomethingmovingtoonesideofthem.When

theyturntolookstraightatit,theycannotseeitanymore,andtheybelievetheyweremistaken.

However,thismistakehappensbecausethecenteroftheeye,whichisverysensitiveindaylight,isnot

assensitiveasthesidesoftheeyeafterdark.

59.Wedon'tknowthatoureyesareofgreatimportanceuntil.

A.wethinkaboutoureyes

B.wecannotseeclearly

C.wewearglasses

D.wehavetodomuchreading

60.Accordingtothepassage,aismorelikelytobenearsighted.

A.tailorB.doctorC.guardD.painter

61.Peoplewhoarefarsighted.

A.cannotdoalotofcloseworkwithoutglasses

B.canonlyseethingsthatareveryclosetotheireyes

C.havedifficultyreadingabookiftheyholditatarm'slength

D.havethesameproblemasthenearsightedpeople

62.Toseeasmallthingatnight,itisbettertolook.

A.withwideopeneyes

B.withhalfshutornarrowedeyes

C.straightatit

D.inaslightlydifferentdirection

C

Treesareusefultomaninthreeimportantways:theygivehimwoodandotherusefulthings,they

givehimcoolplaces,andtheyhelptostopdroughtandflood.

Unluckily,inmanypartsoftheworld,manhasnotfoundthatthethirdofthesepointsisthemost

important.Manwantstomakemoneyfromtrees,sohehascutthemdowninlargenumbers,onlyto

findthatwithoutthemhehaslostthebestfriendshehad.Andalso,heisusuallytoocarelesstoplant

andlookafternewtrees.Sotheforestsslowlydisappear.

Thisdoesnotonlymeanthatmanwillhavefewertrees.Theresultsareevenworse:forwhere

therearetrees,theirrootsbreakupsoil-maketherainin-andalsobindthesoil,thusstoppingitfrom

beingwashedawayeasily;butwheretherearenotrees,therainfallsonhardgroundandflowsaway,

causingfloodsandcarryingawaytherichtop-soil.Whenallthetop-soilisgone,nothingisleftbut

uselessdesert.

63.Themostimportantpointsoftreestomanis.

A.theyhelphimtomakemoney

B.theygivehimcool

C.theygivehimwoodandotherthings

D.theyhelphimtostopdroughtandfloods

64.Inmanyplacesforestsslowlydisappearbecause.

A.manytreeshavebeencutdownbyman

B.newtreesarenotwelllookedafter

C.manhasnotpaidenoughattentiontoplantingtrees

D.alltheabove

65.Landbecomesdesertafteralltreesarecutdownbecause.

A.rootsoftreesbreakupthesoil

B.therearetoomanyrainfalls

C.strongwindsbringalotofsand

D.therearenolongertreestokeeptherainandprotectthetop-soil.

66.Whichtitlebestfitsthepassage?

A.TreesandMan

B.TheFunctionofTreeWood

C.HowdoPeopledowithTrees?

D.TheUsageofTreeRoots

D

Laptopcomputersarepopularallovertheworld.Peopleusethemontrainsandaitplanes,in

airportsandhotels.Theselaptopsconnectpeopletotheirworkplace.IntheUnitedStatestoday,laptops

alsoconnectstudentstotheirclassrooms.

WestlakeCollegeinVirginiawillstartalaptopcomputerprogramthatallowsstudentstodo

schoolworkanywheretheywant.Withinfiveyears,eachofthe1500studentsatthecollegewillreceive

alaptop.Thelaptopsarepartofa$10millioncomputerprogramatWestlake,a110-year-oldcollege.

ThestudentswithlaptopswillalsohaveaccesstotheInternet.Inaddition,theywillbeabletouse

e-mailto"speak“withtheirteachers,theirclassmates,andtheirfamilies.However,themostimportant

partofthelaptopprogramisthatstudentswillbeabletousecomputerswithoutgoingtocomputerlabs.

Theycanworkwithitathome,inafast-foodrestaurantorunderthetrees-anywhereatall!

Becauseofthemanychangesincomputertechnology,laptopuseinhighereducation,suchas

collegesanduniversities,isworkable.Aslaptopsbecomemorepowerful,theybecomemoresimilarto

desktopcomputers.Inaddition,theportablecomputerscanconnectstudentstonotonlytheInternet,but

alsolibrariesandotherresources.Statehigher-educationofficialsarestudyinghowlaptopscanhelp

students.Stateofficialsarealsotestinglaptopprogramsatotheruniversities,too.

AtWestlakeCollege,morethan60percentofthestaffusecomputers.Thelaptopswillallowall

teacherstousecomputersintheirlessons.AsoneWestlaketeachersaid,uHereweareinthemiddleof

Virginiaandwe'regivingstudentsawindowontheworld.Theycanseeeverythinganddoeverything.^^

67.Themainpurposeofthelaptopprogramistogiveeachstudentalaptopto.

A.usefortheirschoolwork

B.accesstheInternet

C.workathome

D.connectthemtolibraries

68.Whyistheword"speak“inthesecondparagraphinquotationmarks（弓I號(hào)）？

A.Theydon'treallytalk.

B.Theyusethecomputerlanguage.

C.Laptopshavespeakers.

D.Noneoftheabovereasonsiscorrect.

69.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutWestlakeCollege?

A.Allteachersusecomputers.

B.1500studentshavelaptops.

C.ItisanoldcollegeinAmerica.

D.Studentstherecandoeverything.

70.Awindowontheworldinthelastparagraphmeansthatstudentscan.

A.attendlecturesoninformationtechnology

B.travelaroundtheworld

C.getinformationfromaroundtheworld

D.havefreelaptops

71.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Theprogramissuccessful.

B.Theprogramisnotworkable.

C.Theprogramistooexpensive.

D.Wedon'tknowtheresultyet.

E

Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.Achildlearningtotalkdoesnotlearnbybeing

correctedallthetime:ifcorrectedtoomuch,hewillstoptalking.Henoticesathousandtimesadaythe

differencebetweenthelanguageheusesandthelanguagethosearoundhimuse.Bitbybit,hemakes

thenecessarychangestomakehislanguagelikeotherpeople's.Inthesameway,childrenlearningtodo

alltheotherthings:theylearntodowithoutbeingtaughttowalk,run,climb,whistle,rideabicycle,

comparetheirownperformanceswiththoseofmoreskilledpeople,andslowlymaketheneeded

changes.Butinschoolwenevergiveachildachancetofindouthismistakesandcorrectthemfor

himself.Wedoitallforhim.Weactasifwethoughtthathewouldnevernoticeamistakeunlessitwas

pointedouttohim,orcorrectitunlesshewasmadeto.Lethimworkout,withthehelpofotherchildren

ifhewantsit,whatthiswordsays,whattheansweristothatproblem,whetherthisisagoodwayof

sayingordoingthisornot.

Ifitisamatterofrightanswer,asitmaybeinmathematicsorscience,givehimtheanswerbook.

Lethimcorrecthisownpapers.Whyshouldweteacherswastetimeonsuchroutine（常規(guī)）work?Our

jobshouldbetohelpthechildwhenhetellsusthathecan'tfindthewaytogettherightanswer.Letthe

childrenlearnwhatalleducatedpersonsmustsomedaylearn,howtomeasuretheirownunderstanding,

andhowtoknowwhattheyknowordonotknow.

72.Accordingtothepassage,thebestwayforchildrentolearnthingsisby.

A.listeningtoskilledpeople'sadvice

B.askingolderpeoplemanyquestions

C.makingmistakesandhavingthemcorrected

D.doingwhatotherpeopledo

73.WhichofthefollowingdoesthewriterthinkteachersshouldNOTdo?

A.Givechildrencorrectanswers.

B.Allowchildrentomakemistakes.

C.Pointoutchildren'smistakestothem.

D.Letchildrenmarktheirownwork.

74.Accordingtothewriter,teachersinschoolshould.

A.allowchildrentolearnfromeachother

B.pointoutchildren'smistakeswheneverfound

C.givechildrenmorebookknowledge

D.correctchildren'smistakesassoonaspossible

75.Thepassagesuggeststhatlearningtospeakandlearningtorideabicycleare.

A.differentfromlearningotherskills

B.thesameaslearningskills

C.moreimportantthanotherskills

D.notreallyimportantskills

（二）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

ByLOSANGELESTIMES

Publishedon2002-02-10

Postedon2002-01-1810：59：54

Nervousuncertaintysurroundsthefhte（命運(yùn)）ofUSjournalistDanielPearl,withnoclear

communicationfromhiskidnappers（綁匪）andnosignofhiswhereaboutsafterthreeseparatepolice

searchesforhisbodyinthetroublesomeportcityKarachi,Pakistan.

Pearl,a38-year-oldWallStreetJournalreporter,disappearedtwoweeksagoonhiswaytoan

interviewinKarachi.Anemailallegedlyfromhiskidnapperscontainedfourphotosofhimandavariety

ofdemands,includingoneforthereleaseofPakistaniprisonersbeingheldattheUSnavalbasein

Cuba.

ThesearcheswerestartedlastFridaynightbyanemailclaimingthatPearlhadbeenkilledandhis

bodythrown"inthegraveyardsofKarachi.

PearlhasworkedforTheWallStreetjournalfor12yearsandisnowtheirSouthAsiabureauchief.

HewasbominPrinceton,NewJerseyandgraduatedfromStanfordUniversitywithabachelor'sdegree

incommunications.

HejoinedTheWallStreetJournalinNovember1990,firstasareporterintheAtlantabureau.In

1993hemovedtotheWashingtonofficetocovertransportationbeforebeginningaseriesofoverseas

postings.

Themembersofaradical（激進(jìn)的）IslamicgroupinPakistanwhoadmithavingkidnappedhimsay

PearlisamemberoftheIsraeliintelligenceservice,Mossad.ButPearfsemployershaveangrily

denied（否認(rèn)）thatheistheagent（代理）ofanygovernment.

Pearl'sFrenchwife,Marianne,issixmonthspregnantwiththeirfirstchild.

ForthepastfewweeksthecouplehavebeenlivinginKarachiwhilePearltriedtoarrangeaninterview

withMubarakAliShahGilani,headofthesmallmilitantIslamicgroupTanzeemul-Fuqra.

56.Wecanseefromthetextthat.

A.PearlhasbeenmurderedB.Pearlhasescapedfromhiskidnappers

C.PearlisindangerD.Pearfsfatestillremainsinquestion

57.Accordingtothetext,Pearlmostprobablydisappeared.

A.onJanuary24,2002B.onJanuary26,2002

C.onJanuary4,2002D.onJanuary11,2002

58.Pearl'sdisappearancehassomethingtodowith.

A.Tanzeemul-FuqraB.aradicalIslamicgroupinPakistan

C.theUSnavalbaseinCubaD.theIsraeliintelligenceservice

B

Studentparticipation（參與）intheclassroomisnotonlyacceptedbutalsoexpectedofthestudent

inmanycourses.Someprofessorsbasepartofthefinalgradeonthestudent'soralparticipation.

Althoughthereareformallecturesduringwhichthestudenthasapassiverole（i.e.,listeningandtaking

notes）,manycoursesareorganizedaroundclassroomdiscussions,studentquestions,andinformal

lectures.Ingraduatediscussionstheprofessorhada"manager“roleandthestudentsmakepresentations

andleaddiscussions.Thestudentsdotheactualteachinginthesediscussions.

Aprofessorsteachingmethodisanotherfactor（因素）thatdeterminesthedegreeandtypeof

studentparticipation.Someprofessorsprefertocontroldiscussionwhileothersprefertoguidetheclass

withoutcontrollingit.Manyprofessorsencouragestudentstoquestiontheirideas.Studentswhoobject

totheprofessorspointofviewshouldbepreparedtoprovetheirpositions.

Intheteachingofscienceandmathematics,thecontrollingmodeofinstructionisgenerally

traditional,withteacherspresentingformallecturesandstudentstakingnotes.However,new

educationaltrendshaveturnedupinthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesinthepasttwentyyears.

Studentsineducation,society,andhistoryclasses,forexample,areoftenrequiredtosolveproblemsin

groups,designprojects,makepresentations,andexaminecasestudies.Sincesomecollegeoruniversity

coursesare“practical“ratherthantheoretical,theypaymoreattentionto“doing"forthemselves.

59.''Participationintheclassroomisnotonlyacceptedbutalsoexpectedofthestudent“inmany

coursesexceptin.

A.scienceandmathematicsB.thehumanitiesandsocialsciences

C.informallecturecoursesD.discussioncourses

60.Fromthepassageweknowthateducationinthehumanitiesandsociety.

A.hasnotchangedmuch

B.payattentiontostudents*studyinginsteadofteachers*teaching

C.ismuchmoreimportantthanthatofscienceandmathematics

D.hasbecomemorepracticalthantheoretical

61.Thereasonwhysomeprofessorsaskstudentstomakepresentationsandleaddiscussionsisthat

A.theseprofessorsareoftennotwellpreparedbeforeclass

B.theseprofessorswanttostress"doing”

C.theseprofessorswanttotestthestudents*abilities

D.theseprofessorsarenotwillingtoteachtheory

62.Whichofthefollowingsentencesistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Studentparticipationisnotcommonintheclassroominmanycourseslikesociety.

B.Someprofessorswanttocontroltheclassroomdiscussion.

C.Someprofessorsusuallywantthestudentstotakepartintheteachingofscienceand

mathematics.

D.Neweducationaltrendshaveturnedupinteachingofnaturalsciencessuchaschemistry.

C

Scientistshavetriedtocomeupwithbiologicalexplanationsforthedifferencebetweenboysand

girls.

However,nonewerebelievableenoughtoexplainthegeneralpicture.Asonescientistpointsout,

“Thereareslightgenetic（遺傳的）differencesbetweenthesexesatbirthwhichmayaffectthesubjects

boysandgirlschoose.Butthedifficultyisthatbythetimechildrenreachschoolage,therearesomany

othereffectsthatitisalmostimpossibletotellwhethergirlsareworseatscienceandmaths,orwhether

they'vebeenbroughtuptothinkofthesesubjectsasboys“territory^^^.

Statistics（統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)）showthatinmathematics,atleast,girlsareequaltoboys.Arecentreport

suggeststhatgirlsonlystopstudyingmathematicsbecauseofsocialattitudes.Oneofthereports'

authorssays,“Whileitissociallyunacceptableforpeoplenottobeabletoreadandwrite,itisstill

acceptableforwomentosaythattheyare'hopeless'atmaths.Ourresearchshowsthat,althoughgirls

getmarkswhichareasgoodastheboys*,theyhavenotbeenencouragedtodoso.”

Theexplanationforthedifference,whichisveryclearduringtheteenageyears,goesasfarbackas

earlychildhoodexperiences.Fromtheirfirstdaysinnurseryschool,girlsarenotencouragedtoworkon

theirownortocompletetasks,althoughboysare.Forexample,boysandnotgirlsareoftenaskedto

'help'withrepairwork.Thisencouragementleadstoawayoflearninghowtosolveproblemslateron

inlife.Evidence（證據(jù)）showsthatexceptionalmathematiciansandscientistsdidnothaveteacherswho

suppliedanswers;theyhadtofindoutforthemselves.

Afurtherreportonmathsteachingshowsthatteachersseemtogivemoreattentiontoboysthanto

girls.

Mostteacherswhotookpartinthestudyadmittedthattheyexpecttheirmalestudentstodobetter

atmathematicsandsciencesubjectsthantheirfemalestudents.Allofthistendstoencourageboysto

workharderinthesesubjects,givesthemconfidence（信心）andmakesthembelievethattheycan

succeed.

Interestingly,bothboysandgirlstendtoregardsuch'male'subjectslikemathematicsandscience

asdifficult.Yetithasbeensuggestedthatgirlsavoidmathematicscourses,notbecausetheyare

difficult,butforsocialreasons.

Mathematicsandsciencearemainlymalesubjects,andtherefore,asgirlsbecometeenagers,they

arelesslikelytotakethemup.Girlsdonotseemtowanttobeinopencompetitionwithboys.Neither

dotheywanttodobetterthanboysbecausetheyareafraidtoappearlessfemaleandso,lessattractive.

63.Theunderlinedword“territory''inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans"

A.interestB.areaoflandC.specialfieldD.district

64.Accordingtoscientificstudies,.

A.mathsisnotfitforgirlstolearn

B.boyshaveaspecialsenseofmaths

C.girlsarepooreratmathsbecausetheyaretheweakersex

D.girlscanlearnmathsaswellasboysifgivenenoughencouragement

65.Thosewhomadeextraordinarycontributioninmathematicsandscience.

A.usuallyhadgoodteacherstohelpthem

B.hadtheabilitiestosolveproblemsbythemselves

C.usuallyworkedharderthanothers

D.wereencouragedtorepairthingswhenyoung

66.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothetext?

A.Itseemssociallyacceptableforagirlnottobeabletoreadandwrite.

B.Itisasocialproblemratherthanaproblemofbrainsthatgirlsarepooratmaths

C.Mathematicsandsciencearenoeasysubjectstoeithergirlsorboys.

D.Thereisnoconnectionbetweenagirl'sabilityinmathsandherappearance.

67.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Who'sAfraidofMathsAnyway?

B.AreBoysClevererthanGirls?

C.BoysAreBetteratMathsthanGirlsbyBirth

D.Maths-ADifficultSubject

D

Thenexttimeyoutryforahigh-rankingpost,youcouldletyourpossiblebosslistentoa

recommending（推薦）phonecall"made"byUSPresidentGeorgeW.BushorBritishPrimeMinister

TonyBlair.

Ofcourse,neitherofthemcouldreallydothatforyou-youwouldjust"borrow“theirvoices.

AT&Tlabswillstartsellingspeechsoftwarethatitsaysissogoodatreproducingthesoundsofa

humanvoicethatitcanrecreatevoicesandevenbringthevoicesoflong-deadfamouspeoplebackto

life.

Thesoftware,whichturnsprintedtextintospeech,makesitpossibleforacompanytouse

recordingsofaperson*svoicetosaythingsthatthepersonneveractuallysaid.

Possiblecustomersfbrthesoftware,whichispricedinthethousandsofdollars,includetelephone

callcentres,companiesthatmakesoftwarethatreadsdigital（數(shù)學(xué)的）filesaloud,andmakersof

automatedvoicedevices（裝置）.Theadvancesraiseseveralproblems.Who,fbrexample,ownsthe

rightstoafamousperson*svoice?（Someexpertsevenbelievethatnewcontracts（合同）willbedrawn

thatincludevoice-licensingclauses.）

Andalthoughscientistssaythetechnologyisnotyetgoodenoughtocommitfi*aud（假冒）,would

thesynthesized（合成的）voicesatlastbeabletotrickpeopleintothinkingthattheyweregettingphone

callsordigitalaudiorecordingsfrompeopletheyknow?

EvenMrFruchterman,oneofAT&Tlab'spossiblefirstcustomers,saidhewonderedwhatthenew

technologymightbring."Justlikeyoucan*ttrustaphotographanymore.^^hesaid,“youwon'tbeableto

trustavoiceeither.^^

68.Withthehelpofthespeechsoftware,itismostpossible.

A.toimproveafamousperson'sspeechB.tosaywhatyouwantinanothefsvoice

C.tomakeaspeechmuchmoreeasilyD.tohelpyoutofindabetterjob

69.Ifthespeechsoftwarewerewidelyused,.

A.peoplewouldnolongerbelieveeachother

B.itwouldnotbenecessarytogoforaspeechbyafamousperson

C.noradioorTVbroadcasterswouldbeneeded

D.recordingofavoicealonewouldnotbetakenasaproofinthecourt

70.Accordingtothepassage,youcaninferthat.

A.thesoftwarewillturnouttobeanimmediatesuccessinthemarket.

B.thegovernmentwillforbidthesaleofthesoftwareinthemarket.

C.it*shardtodecidewhetherthesoftwarewillenjoypopularity.

D.thesoftwarewillsoonprovetobenothingbutrubbish.

71.Thepassagemainlywantsto.

A.introduceanewsoftwareB.explainthedisadvantageofanewinvention

C.advertiseanewkindofproductD.describethefuturemarketofanewproduct

E

Althoughtheymaynotdiefromlackoflove,adultsalsoneedagreatamountofaffection（友情）

andcompanionship.Inthepast,manypeoplespenttheirentirelivesinthecommunitiesinwhichthey

werebornandraised.Manymorepeoplecontinuedtolivewiththeirparents,brothersandsistersafter

theyweremarriedandhadchildrenoftheirown.Byremaininginfamiliarcommunitieswithrelatives

nearby,familieshadenoughopportunitiesforfriendlycontactandforsupportintimeoftrouble.

RecentstudiessuggestthatfamilyarrangementsinWesternsocietieshavenotchangedasmuchin

thelastfewcenturiesasisgenerallybelieved.Yetmostsociologistsagreethatinmodernsocieties,

therearefeweropportunitiesforfriendshipandsupportfromrelativesoutsidetheimmediatefamily.

Parentsandchildrenoftenliveapartfromotherrelatives,andseldomvisitthem.Also,thefamilymoves

whenaparentacceptsajobinanotherplaceorwhenitdecidestoliveinabetterneighborhood.

Together,lonelinessandmobility（遷移）forceimmediatefamilymemberstodependheavilyonone

anotherforaffectionandcompanionship.

Becausethefamilyisoneofthefewongoingsourcesofaffectionandcompanionshipinmodern

societies,ahighpercentageofpeoplecontinuetomarry,eventhoughitispossibleforasinglemanand

womantolivetogetherwithoutmarrying.Ontheotherhand,becauseaffectionandcompanionshiphave

becomesoimportant,familiesaremorelikelytobreakupifthehusband'sorwife'semotional（情感的）

needsarenotmetwithinthefamilycircle-evenifallotherfamilyfunctions（功能）arebeing

satisfactorilyperformed,andinthissense,affectionandcompanionshiphavebecomethetouchstoneof

themodemfamily.

72.Itisgenerallybelievedthat.

A.manypeoplespendtheirlivesinfamiliarcommunities

B.apersoncaneasilygetintouchwithrelativesintimesofdifficulty

C.theorganizationofthefamilyhaschangedagreatdeal

D.westernsocietieshavenotchangedmuchinthepastfewyears

73.Sociologicalstudiesshowthat.

A.themorethefamilymoves,thelesssupportitgetsfromitsdistantrelatives

B.parentsandchildrenlivetogethertomakeupforthelackofrelativesoutsidethefamily

C.familyarrangementshavechangedandsothereislittleneedforcompanionofrelatives

D.familymembersareseparatedfromeachotherbecauseoflackofsupportfromrelatives

74.Theword"touchstone”inthelastparagraphmaybereplacedby.

A.resultB.troubleC.functionD.standard

75.Inthelastparagraph,thewritermainlywantstosay.

A.affectionandcompanionshipareimportantforthefamilyandtheycanbegainedfromnowhere

butthefamily

B.affectionandcompanionshipcancomefromthefamilyandatthesametimesafeguardthe

family

C.therearefewwaystogain