小學(xué)英語五升六暑期講義第10講：介詞與數(shù)詞專題（教師版）

課程主題：介詞與數(shù)詞專題講解授課時(shí)間：學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：掌握數(shù)詞的相關(guān)用法和考點(diǎn)；2.掌握介詞的相關(guān)用法和考點(diǎn)。教學(xué)內(nèi)容【進(jìn)門測(cè)試】1.I’dlike__________(wash)clothes.2.Lethim__________(put)booksontheshelf.3.Ilike__________(walk)thedogafterdinner.4.Mylittlebrothercan’t__________(sweep)thefloor.5.There__________(be)anybreadonthetable.6.Billyisgoodat__________(skate)ontheice.7.Billylikes__________inthe__________room.(read)8.Where__________SuHai__________?She__________onSunStreet.(live)9.Ican’tplaybasketball.Mybrothercan’tplaybasketball__________(too).10..Hisfather_______(work)inthecity,andhismotherisa_______(teach).11.Mybirthdayison__________(nineteen)ofApril.12.__________(Tim)birthdayisonthe30thofAugust.13.Canyouhelp__________(I),Bobby?14.What’swrongwith__________(she)?15.Helenlikes__________(eat)sweets.答案：1.towash2.put3.walking4.sweep5.is6.skating7.readingreading8.doesliveliveseither10.worksteacher11.thenineteenth12.Tim’s13.me14.her15.eating【多元導(dǎo)學(xué)】【互動(dòng)精講】批注：知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講與練習(xí)。建議時(shí)間為60分鐘。數(shù)詞【知識(shí)梳理1】數(shù)詞的概述數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。【知識(shí)梳理2】基數(shù)詞例：one,two,three,four…像這樣表示數(shù)目數(shù)字的詞叫基數(shù)詞。批注：讓學(xué)生數(shù)數(shù)，體會(huì)數(shù)字的概念引出基礎(chǔ)詞的概念。1、基數(shù)詞的寫法：(1)1~12：one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve(2)13~19：以-teen為結(jié)尾：thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen(3)20~90:以-ty結(jié)尾：twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety(4)21~99:十位與個(gè)位之間要加連字符“—”:twenty-one,sixty-five,ninety-nine總結(jié)：1one11eleven2two12twelve20twenty21twenty-one3three13thirteen30thirty32thirty-two4four14fourteen40forty43forty-three5five15fifteen50fifty54fifty-four6six16sixteen60sixty65sixty-five7seven17seventeen70seventy76seventy-six8eight18eighteen80eighty87eighty-seven9nine19nineteen90ninety98ninety-eight10ten100onehundred批注:特別強(qiáng)調(diào)十二(twelve),二十(twenty),十四fourtee,四十forty,九十ninety，這幾個(gè)數(shù)的寫法學(xué)生易錯(cuò)。基數(shù)詞的讀法：（1）基本掌握：百：hundred；千：thousand；百萬：million；十億：billion這些單詞后面不加s，除非特殊情況，成百上千hundredsof，成千上萬thousandsof，上百萬的millionsof，在英式英語中，一個(gè)數(shù)的最后兩位(十位和個(gè)位)得用“and”，但美式英語中則不用。（2）例子說明：202讀作：twohundredandtwo234讀作：twohundredandthirty-four1,234讀作：onethousand,twohundredandthirty-four3,077讀作：threethousand,andseventy-seven11,234讀作：eleventhousand,twohundredandthirty-four155,721讀作：onehundredandfifty-fivethousand,sevenhundredandtwenty-one6,155,702讀作：sixmillion,onehundredandfifty-fivethousand,sevenhundredandtwo26,000,008讀作：twenty-sixmillion,andeight【知識(shí)梳理3】序數(shù)詞例：first,second,third…像這樣表示順序次第的詞叫序數(shù)詞。序數(shù)詞的寫法：=1\*GB3①序數(shù)詞一般是以與之相適應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞加詞尾th構(gòu)成，如：seventh,tenth…=2\*GB3②特殊的變化：one(first),two(second),three(third),five(fifth),eight(eighth),nine(ninth),twelve(twelfth)=3\*GB3③以-ty結(jié)尾的詞，要先變y為i,再加eth,如：twenty(twentieth),forty(fortieth).=4\*GB3④以one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine收尾的多位數(shù)詞，要按照第一條變法變。如：twenty-one(twenty-first),thirty-two(thirty-second),forty-five(forty-fifth)基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞口訣來啦基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞口訣來啦一二三，自己記，（詞尾分別tdd）五和十二f替ve，八省t，九去e，遇到y(tǒng)變ie，再加th，若是遇到幾十幾，只變個(gè)位就可以，其他全部加th。批注：學(xué)生最容易寫錯(cuò)four/fourteen/forty及nine/nineteen/ninety的基數(shù)詞，特殊強(qiáng)調(diào)一下four—fourth,fourteen—fourteenth,forty—fortieth,nine—ninth,nineteen—nineteenth,ninety—ninetieth2、序數(shù)詞表示日期2001年6月30日譯為June30,2001/June30th,2001/thethirtiethofJune,2001批注：具體到某天日期前用on，如：onJune30,2001【例題精講】例1.--When’syourbirthday?--It’sonthe________ofDecember.解析：本題問“你生日是什么時(shí)候？”本題表達(dá)12月3日即：thethirdofDecember，所以填third。答案：third例2.--What______isittoday?--It’sthesecondofJanuary.A.dateB.dayC.colourD.time解析：根據(jù)回答今天是1月2日，判斷問句詢問日期所以是選擇date，選A答案：A批注：對(duì)日期提問用：Whatdateisittoday?(或What’sthedatetoday?)對(duì)星期提問用：Whatdayisittoday?對(duì)時(shí)間提問用：Whattimeisit?(或What’sthetime?)【鞏固練習(xí)】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1.Westillneed(nine)morechairsforthemeetingroom.2.Eric,the(five)sonofthefamily,hasaspecialinterestinphysics.答案：nine,fifth【知識(shí)梳理4】數(shù)詞的某些用法1、表示計(jì)量：表示事物的計(jì)量，即事物的長(zhǎng)度、寬度、深度和高度，應(yīng)采用基數(shù)詞。如：Itis50metres/kilometers/mileslong(wide,deep,high).它有50米/千米/英里長(zhǎng)（寬、深、高）。2、表示編號(hào)：編號(hào)的數(shù)字如果過小，可用序數(shù)詞或基數(shù)詞表示；如果數(shù)字較大，通常用基數(shù)詞表示。如：Thetenthlesson=LessonTen

第10課

Room405

第405號(hào)房

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No.14MiddleSchool

第14中學(xué)

TelephoneNO.5855806

電話：5855806表示不確切的數(shù)字：基數(shù)詞后面直接加上復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示精確的數(shù)字，而基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式加上“of”表示確切的數(shù)字。如：fivehundredstudents

500名學(xué)生

twothousandpeople

2000人

hundredsofstudents

幾百名學(xué)生

millionsofworkers

數(shù)百萬的工人表示年齡的主要句式如下如：

Heisaboyof10yearsold.

Heis10yearsold.

Attheageoften,hebegantolearnEnglish.

Heis10(yearsofage).

Heisaten-year-oldboy.

5、基數(shù)詞表示時(shí)刻（1）順讀法：鐘點(diǎn)+分鐘（按照順序用基數(shù)詞直接說：先說時(shí)，再說分）逆讀法：分鐘+鐘點(diǎn)7:25seventwenty-fivetwenty-fivepastseven12:54twelvefiftyfoursixtoone9:15ninefifteenaquarterpastnine2:30twothirtyhalfpasttwo方法總結(jié)：順讀法比較簡(jiǎn)單直接按順序說即可，逆讀法借助to和past可以通過下面的公式記憶：分<30分past時(shí)分>30分to時(shí)+1分=30halfpast時(shí)分=15aquarterpast/to時(shí)（2）鐘點(diǎn)時(shí)刻前介詞用at，如：在9點(diǎn)15分ataquarterpastnine復(fù)習(xí)：at用于：時(shí)刻，三餐，年齡，節(jié)日（無day）in用于某年，某月，某季節(jié)on用于具體某一天，如：onSundaymorning,onacoldmorning,onthemorningofSeptember25th.onSunday,onthefirstofJune等。

【例題精講】例1.Linglingisin__________.A.ClassFour,GradeSixB.Gradesix,ClassFourC.Classfour,gradesixD.Grade6,Class4解析：根據(jù)句意六年四班先寫班級(jí)再說年級(jí)，班級(jí)，年級(jí)，數(shù)詞的首字母都大寫，所以選A.例2.Wearelearning___________

now.

A.thetwenty-firstlesson

B.LessonTwenty-firstC.the21thlesson

D.Lesson21st解析：本句句意為“我們現(xiàn)在正學(xué)習(xí)第21課”。lesson在前面，后面跟基數(shù)詞，排除B，D；在表達(dá)日期時(shí)序數(shù)詞可以簡(jiǎn)寫，在此不能用簡(jiǎn)略的表達(dá)，選A.例3.Igetupaboutsevenfifty-five.A.in B.on C.at D.for解析：鐘點(diǎn)時(shí)刻前介詞用at，選C【鞏固練習(xí)】1.Nanhuidistrictwillprovidefivesquaremetersofcheaperhouses.A.millionsofB.millionsC.millionD.millionof答案：C2.Wewillbegladtocelebrateourmotherland,China'sbirthdayonOctober1st,2009.(sixty)答案：sixtieth3.用past或to的句型。(1)Whattimeisit?(8:30)It’s___________________________.(2)Whatisit?(9:15)It’s___________________________.(3)Whattimeisit?(7:45)It’s___________________________.(4)Whatwasthedate?(1893年1月26日)It____________________________________________________________________.答案：1.It’shalfpasteight.2.It’saquarterpastnine.3.It’saquartertoeight.4.ItwasJanuarytwenty-sixtheighteenninety-three.名詞【知識(shí)梳理1】基本概念名詞是表示人或物、地點(diǎn)、行為、感情以及抽象概念的詞。是世界上萬事萬物的名稱。【知識(shí)梳理2】基本分類名詞專有名詞（首字母大寫）普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞（個(gè)別人或事物football,factory）集體名詞（若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集體class,army）不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名稱（無法分為個(gè)體的事物milk,water）抽象名詞（動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)等抽象概念love,interest）專有名詞：表示某一特定的人、月份、節(jié)日、地名、機(jī)構(gòu)等。例：SongWei,July,China普通名詞：表示一類人、事物或抽象概念的名稱。可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。【知識(shí)梳理3】可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化1）五種規(guī)則變化※直接加-s的占多數(shù)；如：bookstudentcomputerbasketmovieapplekey※詞尾若是-s，-x，-ch，sh，直接加上-es；如：busboxclasswatchbrushmatchglassdish※“輔音字母+y”，要把y變?yōu)閕再加-es；如：babyladyfamilycitystoryfactorycountryhobby如果是元音字母+y，直接+s；如：toydayboykey※詞尾若是f或fe，加-s之前要把f或fe變?yōu)関e；如：leaf→leaves、half→halves、wife→wives、knife→knives、shelf→shelves、wolf→wolves;thief→thieves※詞尾若是o，加-es的有Negro，hero，mango，tomato和potato；其他加s。2）五種不規(guī)則變化※單復(fù)同形：sheep,deer,fish※變?cè)簦篺oot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,man-men,woman-women,mouse-mice※變?cè)~尾：ox-oxen公牛,child-children孩子口訣一：中日不變英法變，其余一律加-s；口訣一：中日不變英法變，其余一律加-s；口訣二：中日友誼是一致，英法聯(lián)盟a改e，其他一律加-s。不變：Chinese-Chinese中國(guó)人Japanese-Japanese日本人詞尾加-s：如：German-Germans德國(guó)人Russian-Russians俄羅斯人Roman-Romans羅馬American-Americans美國(guó)人Australian-Australians澳大利亞人Indian-Indians印度人變man為men：Frenchman-Frenchmen法國(guó)人Englishman-Englishmen英國(guó)人German-Germans是陷阱※復(fù)合名詞：（1）直接把后面的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)；如：tooth-brushes（牙刷），appletree→appletrees（蘋果樹）（2）由man或woman作為第一部分的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，兩部分皆變。如：mandriver-mendrivers,womandoctor-womendoctors3）只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞：一些學(xué)科名詞：mathematics（數(shù)學(xué)）,physics（物理學(xué)）,politics（政治學(xué)）等由兩部分組成：pants,trousers,jeans,shorts,glasses,chopsticks,scissors,socks,gloves等【例題精講】寫出以下單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：toy-__________dish-__________mango-__________map-__________leaf-__________sheep-__________tooth-__________woman-_________factory-__________zoo-__________ship-__________radio-__________German-__________Chinese-__________Englishman-__________答案：toys;dishes;mangoes;maps;leaves;sheep;teeth;women;factories;zoos;ships;radios;Germans,Chinese,Englishmen【鞏固練習(xí)】判斷下列句子的正誤，正確的填“T”，錯(cuò)誤的填“F”，并改正：1.I’dlikesometomatosforlunch.()2.Howmanyphotoscanyousee?()3.TherearetwobigzoosinShanghai.()4.Tomlikescollectingleafves.()5.ZhangPengiscatchingbutterflysnow.()答案：1.Ftomatos改為tomatoes2.T3.T4.Fleafves改為leaves5.Fbutterflys改為butterflies【知識(shí)梳理4】不可數(shù)名詞表示不能計(jì)算數(shù)目的人或物的名詞，稱為不可數(shù)名詞。它們前面不能用a/an，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞多為不可數(shù)名詞。如：rubbish，milk，rice，soup，water，money，meat等。1）?？疾豢蓴?shù)名詞water,air,snow,work,homework,housework,paper(water,air,snow,work,homework,housework,paper(紙),time(時(shí)間),music,weather,news,fish(魚肉),exercise（鍛煉）,room（空間）,information。2）不可數(shù)名詞的量aglassofwater一杯水a(chǎn)cupoftea一杯茶abottleofmilk一瓶牛奶apieceofbread一片面包abasketoffood一籃食物apieceofnews/bread一條消息/一片面包twobagsofrice兩袋米threecupsofcoffee三杯咖啡fivekilosofmeat五公斤肉twopiecesofbread兩片面包注意：一些可數(shù)名詞也可以用單位詞表示量：?jiǎn)挝辉~和名詞同時(shí)變復(fù)數(shù)如：twobagsofapplesfourpoundsoftomatoes四磅西紅柿room（空間）—rooms（房間）room（空間）—rooms（房間）work（工作）—works（著作）glass（玻璃）—glasses（眼鏡）time（時(shí)間）—-times（倍數(shù)，次數(shù)，時(shí)代）paper（紙）—papers（試卷，證件，報(bào)紙）fruit（水果）—fruits(各種水果)drink（飲料）—drinks（各種飲料）【例題精講】翻譯短語和句型：例1.一杯牛奶__________________三杯咖啡_________________解析：凡是用量詞表達(dá)的不可數(shù)名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，復(fù)數(shù)加在“量詞”上。答案:aglassofmilk;threecupsofcoffee例2.有一些面包在冰箱里。___________________________________________________答案：Thereissomebreadinthefridge.【鞏固練習(xí)】用be的適當(dāng)形式填空：1.There________(be)somegreentreeshere.解析：Therebe句型be動(dòng)詞選擇看后面的名詞，后面名詞是trees復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以填are。2.There________(be)somemilkinthebottle.解析：這里be動(dòng)詞后面是不可數(shù)名詞milk，所以填is。3.There_________(be)someeggsandsomebreadonthetable.解析：本題考查therebe句型的就近原則，這里離be動(dòng)詞近的名詞是eggs，所以be動(dòng)詞用are。4.There_________(be)somebreadandsomeeggsonthetable.解析：這里考查therebe句型的就近原則，這里離be動(dòng)詞近的是不可數(shù)名詞bread，所以be動(dòng)詞用is。批注：be動(dòng)詞的選擇是有其后的名詞決定的。be動(dòng)詞后面是并列名詞時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞選擇遵循就近原則，即取決于離be動(dòng)詞近的名詞?！局R(shí)梳理5】名詞所有格名詞所有格是表示人或物品的所屬關(guān)系，它有兩種形式：“’s所有格”和“of所有格”(1)’s所有格構(gòu)成形式1)首先判斷好名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，其次，若名詞以s結(jié)尾，為避免重復(fù)，直接加’;若名詞沒有以s結(jié)尾，則加’s如：Lucy’shair,mymother’sbag,Children’sDay,Teachers’Day,students’readingroom學(xué)生們的閱覽室2)表示時(shí)間，距離的詞的所有格加’s，以s結(jié)尾只加’，如：fiveminutes’walk(2)共同所有格與個(gè)體所有格如：She’sTomandJim’smother.(同一個(gè)母親)They’reTom’sandJim’smothers.(各自的母親)(3)of所有格構(gòu)成形式如果名詞代表的事物是無生命的，常用“of+名詞”來表示它的所有格，翻譯時(shí)采用倒敘。如：thewindowsoftheclassroom教室的窗戶窗戶的教室(4)雙重所有格：of+名詞所有格，如：afriendofmine我的一個(gè)朋友如何判斷是共同擁有還是分別擁有，需要根據(jù)所有格后面名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)進(jìn)行判斷，如果是單數(shù)，就表明是共同擁有，如果是復(fù)數(shù)，就表明是分別擁有?！纠}精講】例.Thisisnotmydictionary（字典）.It’s________.Shelent（借出）ittomethismorning.A.mysisterB.mysistersC.mysister’sD.mysisters解析：句意為：這不是我的字典，它是我姐姐的。所以此處應(yīng)為“mysister’s”,選C答案：C【鞏固練習(xí)】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1.Ifoundsomethingimportantin_____(today)newspaper.

2.Chocolateisusuallythe_________(child)favoritefood.答案：1.today’s2.children’s【課堂檢測(cè)】一、單項(xiàng)選擇。()1.Myhomeisabout___________awayfromtheschool.

A.ninetymetre

B.ninetymetresC.ninetymetre

D.nintymetres()2.Thisisher__________birthday.

A.twenty

B.twentieth

C.thetwentieth

D.thetwenty’s

()3.Thebookcost(花費(fèi))me_________yuan.

A.fourty-five

B.fortyfiveC.forty-five

D.fourtyfive

()4.--Whatdayisittoday?

--___________

A.June

B.Tuesday

C.Itishot

D.It’sNovember13th

()5.--What’sthedatetoday?

--___________.

A.It’sSaturday

B.It’sJuly

C.It’sfine

D.It’sJuly15th()6.Jimisin__________.

A.classone,gradesix

B.gradeone,classsixC.ClassOne,GradeSix

D.GradeOne,ClassSix()7.Mrs.Green’s______sonisinJapannow.A.twoB.secondC.2thD.thesecond答案：BBCBDCB二、根據(jù)句意，從括號(hào)里選擇正確的單詞填空完成句子。1.--Howmanyapplesarethere?--There’re________(fourth,four).2.Thereare_______(twelve,twelfth)monthsayear.3.--Whatdateisittoday?--It’sthe______(six,sixth)ofJanuary.4.Thereare_____(forty,fourty,fourteen)studentsinourclass.Thatis19boysand21girls.

答案：four；twelve；sixth；forty名詞練習(xí)單項(xiàng)選擇()1.Thereare________onthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.A.photoesB.photosC.photo()2.I’dlikesome________.A.tomatoB.tomatosC.tomatoes()3.Allmy________tomybirthdaypartylastnight.

A.friendscameB.friendcameC.friendscome()4.--Whereare________?--Theyareonthechair.

A.Tony'sbooksB.Tony'sbookC.Tonybooks()5.Isawmany________inthestreet.A.peoplesB.peopleC.people’s()6.Thegreensweaterishis________.A.brotherB.brothersC.brother’s()7.Thepighasfour________.A.footB.feetC.foots()8.Mytwobrothersareboth________.A.policemanB.policemansC.policemen

()9.Icanseeten________inthepicture.A.sheepB.dogC.pig

()10.Thegirloftenbrushesher________beforeshegoestobed.A.toothB.toothsC.teeth答案：BCAABCBCAC【要點(diǎn)回顧】1、老師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生針對(duì)達(dá)標(biāo)檢測(cè)錯(cuò)題進(jìn)行反思和總結(jié)；2、老師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)精講提升相關(guān)知識(shí)進(jìn)行總結(jié)，可采用表格、思維導(dǎo)圖等形式呈現(xiàn)?！緶毓手隆恳?、請(qǐng)寫出下列詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式的請(qǐng)劃出/。

city______________zoo______________man______________water______________mouse______________boy______________broom______________juice______________horse______________fox______________

thief_____________baby______________radio______________piano______________leaf______________life______________woman______________child______________foot______________deer______________watch______________diary______________day______________branch______________dress______________

sheep______________tea______________rice______________

strawberry___________

peach______________sandwich______________milk______________答案：cities;zoos;men；/mice;boys;brooms;/horses;foxes;thieves;babiesradios;pianos;leaves;liveswomen;children;feet;deerwatches;diaries;days;branchesdresses;sheep;/;/strawberries;peaches;sandwiches;/二、單項(xiàng)選擇。()1.The________inouryardareverybeautiful.

A.clothB.waterC.flowersD.news()2.TomisoneoftheChinese________inourschool.

A.boyB.boysC.boiesD.babys()3.Acathasfour________.

A.footsB.feetC.feetsD.foot

()4.Canyouseenine________inthepicture?

A.fishB.bookC.horseD.bird()5.The________hastwo________.

A.boy;watchB.boy;watchesC.boys;watchD.boys;watches()6.Theycomefromdifferent________.A.countryB.countriesC.acountryD.countrys()7.Howmany________doyouseeinthepicture?A.tomatosB.tomatoesC.tomatoD.thetomato()8.Therearesome________inthese________.A.knifes,pencil-boxesB.knives,pencils-boxC.knives,pencil-boxD.knives,pencil-boxes()9.Thereisno________intheplate.A.applesB.orangesC.riceD.eggs答案：1-5CBBAB6-9BBDC三、填入所給名詞的正確形式。1.Ihavetwo____________(knife).2.Therearemany___________(box)here.3.Therearemany___________(bus)ontheroad.4.Afew__________