2024年高考英語(yǔ)易錯(cuò)題 閱讀理解：詞義猜測(cè)題4大陷阱（教師版新高考專用）

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)16閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題

易錯(cuò)陷阱1：詞義/詞組指代易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。

【分析】

這類題錯(cuò)誤主要因?yàn)榛A(chǔ)詞匯量積累和詞根詞綴積累不足，根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜詞是閱讀理解必不

可少的能力。平時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)大量積累單詞，同時(shí)利用前后的同位關(guān)系或后面的詞義或句意進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。

易錯(cuò)陷阱2：代詞指代猜測(cè)易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。

【分析】閱讀材料中的每個(gè)詞與它前面的詞語(yǔ)或句子甚至段落都有著密切的關(guān)聯(lián)。有時(shí)代詞與

指代的對(duì)象相隔較遠(yuǎn)，應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，認(rèn)真查找，才能得出代詞所指代的事。

易錯(cuò)陷阱3：句意猜測(cè)易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。

【分析】此類題型應(yīng)當(dāng)定位畫(huà)線句子，充分利用語(yǔ)法和邏輯關(guān)系分析原句。同時(shí)分析理解畫(huà)線

句前后的語(yǔ)境，合理歸納總結(jié)找出與原句意思相同的選項(xiàng)并代入畫(huà)線處驗(yàn)證。切不可因?yàn)榫渲?/p>

出現(xiàn)熟詞，而脫離語(yǔ)境，望文生義。

三9

【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒一】詞義/詞組指代易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

【例1］（湖南省常德市臨澧一中2023-2024學(xué)年高三階段試題）

SheprogrammedanIBM7030Stretchcomputer,providingfastercalculationsforan

accurateEarthmodel.ThisdetailedmathematicalmodeloftheshapeoftheEarthwas

abuildingblockforwhatwouldbecometheGPSorbit.

Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“abuildingblock“inparagraph5mean?

A.Abasicpart.B.Adetailedmap.

C.Abuildingmaterial.D.Amajorobstacle.

易錯(cuò)分析：脫離語(yǔ)境，只記得熟詞意思誤選C,應(yīng)根據(jù)for之后句意及上句的意思判斷熟詞生

【答案】A

【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。劃線詞句前文“SheprogrammedanIBM7030Stretchcomputer,providing

fastercalculationsforanaccurateEarthmodel.（她編寫(xiě)了一臺(tái)IBM7030Stretch計(jì)算

機(jī)，為精確的地球模型提供了更快的計(jì)算。）”說(shuō)明這個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)模型是GPS的基礎(chǔ)，從而推知?jiǎng)澗€

詞句“（這個(gè)關(guān)于地球形狀的詳細(xì)數(shù)學(xué)模型是GPS軌道的abuildingblock。）”其中劃線短語(yǔ)

應(yīng)為“基石”的意思，與A項(xiàng)同義。故選A項(xiàng)。

【變式1】（吉林省長(zhǎng)春市第二實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題）

Alistenerwhoseheadisinsome“sweetspot“hearshigh-qualitysound.Butas

onegelsfartherfromthesweetspot,thesounddiminishes.That'sbecausesoundwaves

fromdifferentloudspeakersinteracttocancelouteachother'ssound.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminishes“inparagraph4probablymean?

A.Becomeslower.B.Travelsfaster.

C.Getssweeter.D.Soundsnicer.

易錯(cuò)分析：不能看出畫(huà)線部分詞根中mini含義“微型，袖珍的”，且未能關(guān)注上句but前后兩

句話之間的轉(zhuǎn)折意義是錯(cuò)誤主要原因。

【答案】A

【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容以及后句"That'sbecausesoundwavesfromdifferent

loudspeakersinteracttocancelouteachother'ssound.（這是因?yàn)閬?lái)自不同揚(yáng)聲器的

聲波相互作用，相互抵消對(duì)方的聲音）”可知，這種技術(shù)是通過(guò)降噪處理消除對(duì)別人的干擾，

因此推斷劃線句句意：但當(dāng)你遠(yuǎn)離最佳點(diǎn)時(shí)，聲音就會(huì)減弱。故判斷該詞義為“聲音變小”。

故選Ao

【變式2］（湖北省高中名校聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三聯(lián)合測(cè)評(píng)試題）

Actually,untilherpregnancyQuarleshadbeenlivingatbreakneckspeed.Itwent

sountillastyear."Iwasexhausted,“shesays."I'dbeenworkingthreejobs,doing

mycharityandgoingnonstop.Iwasafraidmymentalhealthwasgettingworse.

Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“breakneck“underlinedinparagraph2?

A.Safeandslow.B.Fastanddangerous.

C.Excitingandterrifying.D.Gentleandcomfortable.

易錯(cuò)分析：受break的熟詞詞義影響，脫離語(yǔ)境誤選A。根據(jù)Actually的邏輯轉(zhuǎn)折意義，及下

文引述的話可推知邏輯含義。

【答案】B

【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段"AliciaQuarleshasherhandsfullthesedays-both

ofthem,atallhoursofthedayandnight.（這些天艾麗西亞?夸爾斯忙得不可開(kāi)交----

無(wú)論是白天還是晚上）”及劃線詞下文“"Iwasexhausted,shesays."I'dbeenworking

threejobs,doingmycharityandgoingnonstop.Iwasafraidmymentalhealthwasgetting

worse."（“我筋疲力盡，”她說(shuō)?！拔乙恢痹谧鋈莨ぷ?，做慈善，不停地工作。我擔(dān)心我的

心理健康狀況會(huì)越來(lái)越差?？芍錉査构ぷ鞣泵?，生活速度非?？?，以至于筋疲力盡。

由此推知，劃線詞breakneck與Fastanddangerous（快速危險(xiǎn)）意思接近。故選B。

【變式3］（廣東省揭陽(yáng)市普寧市第一中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題）

Inearly2021,Ihitarutinmystudies.AsadoctoralcandidateattheUniversity

ofChicagoinIllinois,Iworkedtodesignsafer,moreeffectivematerialsforvaccine

delivery.AlthoughIhadbeenproductiveearlyinmygraduatecareer,mylonghours

andhardworkwerenolongertranslatingintosuccessinthelaboratory,andIfelt

hopelessaboutachievingmygoals.Somethinghadtochange.

Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“hitarut“inparagraph1mean?

A.Stoppedprogressingsmoothly.B.Hadveryslowreactions.

C.Acceptedhardwork'svalue.D.Overcameabigproblem.

【答案】A

【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第一段“AlthoughIhadbeenproductiveearlyinmygraduate

career,mylonghoursandhardworkwerenolongertranslatingintosuccessinthe

laboratory,andIfelthopelessaboutachievingmygoals.Somethinghadtochange.（雖

然我在研究生生涯的早期很有成效，但我的長(zhǎng)時(shí)間和辛勤工作不再轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)驗(yàn)室的成功，我對(duì)

實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)感到絕望。有些事情必須改變。）”可知，我在學(xué)業(yè)上遇到了瓶頸，所以劃線部

分的短語(yǔ)是停止順利進(jìn)行的意思。故選A項(xiàng)。

【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒二】代詞指代猜測(cè)易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

【例2】（安徽省皖江名校聯(lián)盟2023年高三聯(lián)考）

Thecreatorsofthewallhopeitwillbringanurgentlyneededsolutiontothethreats

facingtheAfricancontinent,creating10millionjobsinruralareas,aswellas

preventing250milliontonsofcarbon.TheinitiativeisAfrica-driven,whichforthose

onthecontinent,isvital,andmayholdthekeytosuccess."TheGreatGreenWall…is

aboutownership,andthathasbeenthefailureofdevelopmentaidbecausepeoplewere

neveridentifiedwithit,“saidElvisPaulTangam,AfricanUnionCommissionerforthe

SaharaandSahelGreatGreenWallInitiative."Butthistimetheyidentify.Thisis

theverythingofus!”

Whatdoes"us"underlinedinParagraph3referto?

A.AfricanUnions.B.AHadvocates.C.Landowners.D.AllAfricans.

易錯(cuò)分析：本題容易脫離話題，主觀臆斷。不可煩躁，浮于表面，應(yīng)嚴(yán)密查找上文語(yǔ)句和詞語(yǔ)

之間的邏輯聯(lián)系「

【答案】D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段“TheinitiativeisAfrica-driven,whichforthoseon

thecontinent,isvital,andmayholdthekeytosuccess.（這一倡議是非洲驅(qū)動(dòng)的，對(duì)

非洲大陸的人來(lái)說(shuō)至關(guān)重要，可能是成功的關(guān)鍵）”以及“"TheGreatGreenWall---isabout

ownership,andthathasbeenthefailureofdevelopmentaidbecausepeoplewerenever

identifiedwithit,“saidElvisPaulTangam,AfricanUnionCommissionerfortheSahara

andSahelGreatGreenWallInitiative."Butthistimetheyidentify.Thisisthevery

thingofus!"（“綠色長(zhǎng)城……是關(guān)于所有權(quán)的問(wèn)題，而這正是發(fā)展援助的失敗之處，因?yàn)?/p>

人們從未認(rèn)同它，"非洲聯(lián)盟撒哈拉和薩赫勒綠色長(zhǎng)城倡議專員埃爾維斯?保羅?坦加姆說(shuō)。

“但這一次他們認(rèn)同了。這就是我們的本性?。笨芍?，此處的us指“所有的非洲人”。故選D

項(xiàng)。

【變式2］（湖南省常德市第一中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題）

RegulatorylimitsforhowmuchPFASfoodpackagingshouldcontaincanvarygreatly.

Forinstance,anewlawinCaliforniasetthelimitatlessthan100ppm."Compared

toAmerica,Denmarksetsamuchlowerregulatorylimitof20ppmwithgreatsuccess,“

saidXeniaTrier,anexpertattheEuropeanEnvironmentAgency."Itdoesworktoset

limitsandenforcethem.PFASdomigratefromthepaperintothefood.Eventhoughit

wasnot100%,westillsawconsiderabletransmission.Ingeneral,transmissionfrom

packagingtofoodisincreasedasthetemperatureofthefoodrises.Itisthesame

withthetimespentinwrappingmaterials."TriertoldNBS,oneofthemajorAmerican

mass-mediacompanies.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it”refertoinparagraph4?

A.Considerablemigrationofgreaseandwater.

B.PFAStransmissionfrompackagingtofood.

C.Wrapperexposuretohighfoodtemperature.

D.Regulatorylimitsconcerningfoodpackaging.

【答案】B

【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段“PFASdomigratefromthepaperintothefood.Eventhough

itwasnot100%,westillsawconsiderabletransmission.（PFAS確實(shí)從紙張轉(zhuǎn)移到了食品

中。盡管它不是100%,但我們?nèi)匀豢吹搅讼喈?dāng)大的傳播）”可知，句中it指代上文提及的“PFAS

從紙張轉(zhuǎn)移到食品中”。故選B。

【變式3］（2023年全國(guó)高三專項(xiàng)練習(xí)）

Attheendofeachday,theparticipantsshowedhighactivityinabrainareacalled

themidbrain.Thescientistswereinterestedintwo,smallareaswithinit.Bothareas

producedopamine,achemicalthatisimportantincravingandrewards.Thetwoareas

activatedwhenhungryparticipantssawpicturesoftastypizzaorjuicyhamburgers.

Afterthevolunteershadbeenisolated,thosebrainareasbecameactivewhentheysaw

socialactivitiestheymissed.Itmightbeplayingsportsorchattingwithfriends.

Whatdoestheunderlined"it”inparagraph3referto?

A.Amidbrainarea.B.Asocialactivity.C.Avolunteer.

D.Ahamburger.

【答案】B

【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三自然段uAfterthevolunteershadbeenisolated,thosebrain

areasbecameactivewhentheysawsocialactivitiestheymissed.Itmightbeplaying

sportsorchattingwithfriends.（在志愿者被隔離后，當(dāng)他們看到自己錯(cuò)過(guò)的社交活動(dòng)時(shí)，

這些大腦區(qū)域就會(huì)變得活躍。可能是做運(yùn)動(dòng)或和朋友聊天）”可知，代詞正指代的是前文中讓

大腦會(huì)變得活躍的socialactivities之一。故選B項(xiàng)。

【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒三】句意猜測(cè)易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

［例3］（山東省曲阜師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年質(zhì)量檢測(cè)）

Realrichesconsistofwell-developedandheartycapacities（能力）toenjoy

life.Mostpeoplearealreadyswamped（淹沒(méi)）withthings.Theyeat,wear,goandtalk

toomuch.Theyliveintoobigahousewithtoomanyrooms,yettheirhouseoflife

isahut.

Theunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphprobablyimpliesthat

A.howevermateriallyrich,theyneverseemtobesatisfied

B.howevermateriallyrich,theyremainspirituallypoor

C.thoughtheirhouseisbig,theypreferasimplelife

D.thoughtheirhouseisbig,itseemstobeacage

易錯(cuò)分析：拘泥于字面意思，易誤選c、D,應(yīng)根據(jù)上句，理解深層含義。

【答案】B

【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“Mostpeoplearealreadyswamped（淹沒(méi)）withthings.They

eat,wear,goandtalktoomuch.（大多數(shù)人已經(jīng)被事情淹沒(méi)了。他們吃得太多，穿得太多，

去得太多，說(shuō)得太多）”可推知，大多數(shù)人有耽于生活中物質(zhì)的東西和瑣碎的東西，比如吃穿和

閑聊，由此推知，盡管他們物質(zhì)豐富，但實(shí)際精神生活匱乏，這正是劃線句表達(dá)的意思，與B

項(xiàng)uhowevermateriallyrich,theyremainspirituallypoor（無(wú)論物質(zhì)上多么富裕,他們

精神上仍然貧乏）”同義。故選B項(xiàng)。

【變式1］（浙江省名校協(xié)作體2023-2024學(xué)年高三適應(yīng)性試題）

Lastyear,afterawinterofpracticingskiingonthegreentracksforbeginners

eachweek,Aliciawasfrench-fryingherwaydownbluesandevenattemptedherfirst

black.Thatmonthalsowitnessedmevisitingthemountainmoretimesthaninthe15

yearscombinedandI'vegotmyselfapartnerforlife.

Whatdoesthefatherimplybysaying"I'vegotmyselfapartnerforlife."?

A.Itisrewardingtolearnnewskills.B.Skiinghasbecomehislifelonghobby.

C.Hewillexploremorewithhisdaughter.D.Hisdaughterwillaccompanyhim

forever.

【答案】C

【解析】句意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段^Watchingyourkidslearnnewskillsisextraordinarily

rewarding,butI'veexperiencedmorepersonalgrowththanIhaveatanyotherpoint

inmylife."（看著你的孩子學(xué)習(xí)新技能是非常值得的，但我經(jīng)歷的個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)比我生命中其他

任何時(shí)候都要多。）以及劃線句前“Lastyear,afterawinterofpracticingskiingonthe

greentracksforbeginnerseachweek,Aliciawasfrench-fryingherwaydownbluesand

evenattemptedherfirstblack.Thatmonthalsowitnessedmevisitingthemountainmore

timesthaninthe15yearscombined”（去年，艾麗西亞在為初學(xué)者準(zhǔn)備的綠色雪道上練

習(xí)了一個(gè)冬天的滑雪之后，她在藍(lán)色中級(jí)雪道一路摸索，甚至嘗試了她的第一個(gè)黑色鉆石雪道。

那個(gè)月我去山上的次數(shù)比過(guò)去15年的總和還多）可知，孩子在探索的同時(shí)，我也在探索。所以

劃線句的意思是他將和女兒一起探索更多。故選C。

【變式2]（2022年全國(guó)高三專練）

Whenyouneedajobverymuch,youmayenduptaking

Ofcourse,youmayseektasksandresponsibilitiesthatforceyoutolearnsomething

newortoworkharder."Youmaybeoperatingonautopilot（習(xí)慣性地）rightnow,but

chancesarethatpeopleaboveyouarestressed,“SarahHathornsays."Takethings

offyourboss'splateandlethimknowwhichprojectsortasksyouwanttolearnmore

about.”

Theunderlinedwords“takethingsoffyourboss'splate"mean.

A.drawyourboss'sattentionB.shareyourboss'sburdens

C.giveyourbossusefuladviceD.askyourbossforabetterposition

【答案】B

【分析】詞義猜測(cè)題。通過(guò)文中畫(huà)線句后文“l(fā)ethimknowwhichprojectsortasksyouwant

tolearnmoreabout.（讓他知道哪些項(xiàng)目或任務(wù)你想要多了解一些。）“可知畫(huà)線部分的意

思是你能與老板分擔(dān)憂愁，故選B項(xiàng)。

【變式3]（2022?湖北孝感高三模擬）

AssoonasIstartedpedalingagain,mypantsgotcaughtinthechain,andIfell

flatonmyfaceandhitmynose.Sincethathappenedtmygranddaddecidedtocallit

adayandtryagainthenextmorning.ThenextmorningIwokeupbrightandearly,and

wasveryeagertotrytoridemybike.Mynosefeltbetter,soIwasn'tthatafraid

offallinganymore.

26.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthepassagemean?

A.Rememberwhathappenedthisday.

B.Maketheauthorfeelhappy.

C.Stoppracticingbicycling.

D.Goontorideabike.

【答案】C

【分析】詞義猜測(cè)題。下文andtryagainthenextmorning.說(shuō)第二天早晨再嘗試，可猜測(cè)出

mygranddaddecidedtocallitaday的意思是我的祖父決定暫停,故選C。

三9

1.（2023年全國(guó)甲卷）

TerriBoltonisadabhandwhenitcomestoDIY（do-it-yourself）.Skilledatputting

upshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshe

candoherself.

Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand“inparagraph1?

A.Anartist.B.Awinner.C.Aspecialist.D.Apioneer.

【答案】C

【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第一段畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)下文“Skilledatputtingupshelvesand

piecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.

（她擅長(zhǎng)擺架子和拼接家具，從不付錢給別人做她自己能做的工作）”可推知，此處指Terri

Boltonis是一位DIY高手。C項(xiàng)aAspecialist（一位專業(yè)人員）”最接近畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)“adabhand”

的意思。故選C。

2.（2023年全國(guó)乙卷）

Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictories

accidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.

Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.

TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandthe

Incas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievements

mostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthem

backavoice.Whenweconsidercontact（聯(lián)系）betweenliterateandnon-1iterate

societiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyone

halfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehaveto

readnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation"inparagraph3referto?

A.Problem.B.History.C.Voice.D.Society.

【答案】B

【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文uTheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,

theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeak

tousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:

ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact（聯(lián)

系）betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-hand

accountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.（力口勒比海的泰諾人、

澳大利亞的土著人、貝寧的非洲人以及印加人，所有這些人都出現(xiàn)在這本書(shū)中，他們現(xiàn)在都可

以通過(guò)他們制造的物品向我們講述他們過(guò)去最強(qiáng)大的成就：通過(guò)物品講述的歷史給了他們一個(gè)

聲音。當(dāng)我們考慮諸如此類的有文化社會(huì)和無(wú)文化社會(huì)之間的接觸時(shí)，我們所有的第一手資料

都必然是扭曲的，只有對(duì)話的一半。）”結(jié)合劃線句^Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthat

conversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.（如果我們要找至U

對(duì)話的另一半，我們不僅要讀文本，還要讀物體。）”可知，我們對(duì)過(guò)去歷史的了解，只是書(shū)寫(xiě)

歷史的人所想要讓我們了解的歷史，如果我們想要了解歷史的另一半，我們不僅僅要讀文本也

要讀對(duì)象。所以conversation指的是“歷史”。故選B。

3.（2022年新高考I卷）

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembark

ontheproject,said:"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreative

sessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeople

here.”

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetaking

partintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterest

andcreativeactivities.

Whatdotheunderlinedwordsembarkon“meaninparagraph7?

A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate

【答案】c

【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60Penfold

Street,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:"Residentsreallywelcome

theideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefits

andfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”（彭福街60號(hào)的額外護(hù)理經(jīng)理WendyWilson

是第一批參與該項(xiàng)目的人之一，她說(shuō)：“居民們非常歡迎該項(xiàng)目的想法和創(chuàng)意會(huì)議。我們期待

這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能給這里的人們帶來(lái)好處和樂(lè)趣?！埃笨芍琖endyWilson是著手這項(xiàng)工程的人之一，

也是做這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的創(chuàng)始人之一，因此可知，畫(huà)線處embarkon意為“開(kāi)始著手做某事”，與C

項(xiàng)“Begin（開(kāi)始）”含義相近。故選C項(xiàng)。

4.（湖北省部分學(xué)校2023-2024學(xué)年高三起點(diǎn)試題）

Usingfirst-of-their-kindobservationsfromtheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope,a

UniversityofMinnesotaTwinCities-ledteamlookedmorethan13billionyearsinto

thepasttodiscoveraunique,minusculegalaxycluster（星系團(tuán)）thatgeneratednew

starsatanextremelyhighrateforitssize.Thegalaxyisoneofthesmallestever

discoveredatthisdistance一around500millionyearsaftertheBigBang一andcould

helpastronomerslearnmoreaboutgalaxiesthatwerepresentshortlyaftertheuniverse

cameintoexistence.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“minuscule“inparagraph1mean?

A.Extremelysmall.B.Remarkablydark.

C.Especiallyremote.D.Quitecomplicated.

【答案】A

【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)首段中的“Thegalaxyisoneofthesmallesteverdiscovered

atthisdistance一around500millionyearsaftertheBigBang一andcouldhelp

astronomerslearnmoreaboutgalaxiesthatwerepresentshortlyaftertheuniverse

cameintoexistence.（這個(gè)星系是在宇宙大爆炸后大約5億年發(fā)現(xiàn)的最小星系之一，可以幫

助天文學(xué)家更多地了解宇宙形成后不久出現(xiàn)的星系。）”可知，本句是對(duì)該句前的galaxyclus

ter（星系團(tuán)）進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的解釋，由此可知，劃線單詞是對(duì)新發(fā)現(xiàn)的galaxycluster進(jìn)行修飾，

由此可以推斷，劃線單詞的意思與“Extremelysmall（極小的）”意義有關(guān)。故選A項(xiàng)。

5.（貴州省六盤水市2023-2024學(xué)年高三診斷性檢測(cè)題）

ButOreosdon'tattractyouwithtastealone;scentshaveahugeimpactonthe

eatingexperience.WhenyoubiteintoanOreo,chemicalsinthecookiereleaseodor

antsintotheairinsideyourmouth.Thesescentsflowtoyournasalcavity（鼻腔），

wheretheyinteractwithsmellreceptors（感受器）andenteryourbrain'sdecoding（解

碼）process.Yourbrainislikelytofindthosesmellsdelightful,saysCharlesSpence,

aprofessorofexperimentalpsychologyattheUK'sUniversityofOxford.Spencesays

chocolateandvanillaaretwooftheworld?smostlikedsmells.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they"inthefourthparagraphreferto?

A.Chocolates.B.Chemicals.C.Cookies.D.Scents.

【答案】D

【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中“scentshaveahugeimpactontheeatingexperience.

WhenyoubiteintoanOreo,chemicalsinthecookiereleaseodorantsintotheairinside

yourmouth.Thesescentsflowtoyournasalcavity（鼻腔）（氣味對(duì)飲食體驗(yàn)有著巨大的

影響。當(dāng)你咬一口奧利奧時(shí)，餅干中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)會(huì)將氣味釋放到你嘴里的空氣中。這些氣味會(huì)

進(jìn)入你的鼻腔）”，可知，下文劃線they指代的是scents。故選D。

6.（福建省廈門集美中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三10月試卷）

“Let'stakeabreak,“partwaythroughthemeeting,mybossstood,saying."Ineed

morecoffee."Ipickedupmyemptycup."Ido,too,"Isaid,andhandedittohim

acrossthetable."Thanks,“Iadded,lookingathimexpectantly.Thebosswasstaggered

foramoment,andthentookthecupfromme.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“staggered“meaninthesixthparagraph?

A.Amused.B.Shocked.

C.Depressed.D.Excited.

【答案】B

【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前文“‘Ido,too,'Isaid,andhandedittohimacrossthe

table.Thanks,?Iadded,lookingathimexpectantly.（"我也是。"我說(shuō)著，隔著桌

子遞給了他?！爸x謝。”我補(bǔ)充道，期待地看著他。）”可知，老板沒(méi)想到作者會(huì)讓自己去倒咖

啡，這使他很震驚。所以劃線詞staggered為“震驚的”之意，與shocked意思相近。故選B。

7.（安徽省合肥市第一中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三質(zhì)檢試題）

Ifthetestisalreadyset,thebestwaytoprepareforitiswithabatteryof

activitiesthatmostcloselylooklikethetestitself.AndsoastheBigStandardized

Testshavespread,publishershavecrankedoutvarietiesofcoachingworkbooksthat

areallcollectionsofshortexcerptsaccompaniedbyasetofmultiplechoicequestions.

Insteadofteachingstudentshowtoreadawholebook,weteachthemhowtotakea

standardizedtest.

Whichofthefollowingcanreplacethephrase“crankedout“inparagraph4?

A.chargedB.canceledC.changedD.Produced

【答案】D

【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段的“Ifthetestisalreadyset,thebestwaytoprepare

foritiswithabatteryofactivitiesthatmostcloselylooklikethetestitself.

AndsoastheBigStandardizedTestshavespread（如果考試已經(jīng)定下來(lái)了，最好的準(zhǔn)備

方法就是安排一系列最接近考試本身的活動(dòng)。因此，隨著大型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試的普及）”可知，出版

商為了滿足學(xué)生的考試需求，會(huì)推出各種各樣的指導(dǎo)練習(xí)冊(cè)，即學(xué)生有需求，書(shū)商就會(huì)大量出

版，因此crankedout與produced同義。故選Do

8.（福建省政和縣第一中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題）

Bennett,57,heldonthrough60tomorrows,farlongerthananypreviouspatient

who'dreceivedaheartfromanotherspecies.Hisremarkablerunofferednewhopethat

suchprocedures,knownasxenotransplantation（異種移植），couldhelprelievethe

shortageofreplacementorgans,savingthousandsofliveseachyear.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"run”inparagraph2referto?

A.Donatinghishearttoapatient.

B.Performingtheheartoperation.

C.Livingfor60daysaftertheoperation.

D.Receivinganewheartfromapig.

【答案】C

【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中uBennett,57,heldonthrough60tomorrows,farlonger

thananypreviouspatientwho'dreceivedaheartfromanotherspecies.Hisremarkable

runofferednewhopethatsuchprocedures,knownasxenotransplantation,couldhelp

relievetheshortageofreplacementorgans,savingthousandsofliveseachyear.（57

歲的貝內(nèi)特堅(jiān)持了60個(gè)明天，比以往任何接受過(guò)其他物種心臟移植的病人都要長(zhǎng)得多。他的出

色表現(xiàn)給人們帶來(lái)了新的希望，即這種被稱為異種移植的手術(shù)可以幫助緩解替代器官的短缺，

每年挽救數(shù)千人的生命）”可知，Hisremarkable皿指的是上文提到的“57歲的貝內(nèi)特堅(jiān)持了

60個(gè)明天”，即手術(shù)后活了60天。故選C。

9.（福建省廈門雙十中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三10月試題）

Sincetherewasusuallynotenoughtimeforabystanderpigtobecomeinvolvedin

theheatofaconflict,thoughthisdidoccur,DrNorscialookedatwhathappenedin

thethreeminutesimmediatelyfollowingafight.Sometimes,hefound,thefighters

reconciledwitheachotherontheirown.Themoredistantlyrelatedthefighterswere,

themorefrequentlythishappened.DrNorsciaguessedthatrelationsbetweenclose

relativesaremoresecuretostartwith,sorebuildingfriendlyrelationsrapidlyis

lessnecessaryforthem.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reconciled“probablymeaninparagraph4?

A.Caughtup.B.Keptintouch.C.Madeup.D.Changedintune.

【答案】C

【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中“Themoredistantlyrelatedthefighterswere,the

morefrequentlythishappened.DrNorsciaguessedthatrelationsbetweencloserelatives

aremoresecuretostartwith,sorebuildingfriendlyrelationsrapidlyislessnecessary

forthem."（打架者的親緣關(guān)系越遠(yuǎn)，這種情況發(fā)生的頻率就越高。Norscia博士猜測(cè)，近親

之間的關(guān)系一開(kāi)始就更安全，因此迅速重建友好關(guān)系對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)就不那么必要了。）可推知，此

處為Norscia博士發(fā)現(xiàn)，打架者會(huì)自行和解。故可猜測(cè)劃線單詞reconciled為“和解”的意思，

結(jié)合選項(xiàng)C項(xiàng)Madeup"和解，和好”意思一致。故選C項(xiàng)。

10.（福建省龍巖第一中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題）

Afterrescuingthelonelyanimal,SamandVerafounditextremelyemotional

tohavetoreleaseherbackoutintothewildtofendforherself—eventhoughthey

knewitwastherightthingtodo.Butafterhavingsuchastrongbondwithananimal,

itwasreallydifficulttoseehergo.Theyhadputsomuchtime,effortandenergy

intoraisingherbuttoseeherwalkinginaherdofblesboksmadeitallworthwhile.

Whichwordcanbestexplaintheunderlinedword"fend”inthelastparagraph?

A.Look.B.Care.

C.Search.D.Hunt.

【答案】B

【解析】詞句推測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句Afterrescuingthelonelyanimal,SamandVera

founditextremelyemotionaltohavetoreleaseherbackoutintothewildtofendfor

herself一eventhoughtheyknewitwastherightthingtodo.（在拯救了這只孤獨(dú)的動(dòng)

物之后，山姆和維拉發(fā)現(xiàn)，不得不把她放回野外讓她自己fend,這讓他們非常激動(dòng)一一盡管他

們知道這是一件正確的事情。）”，及上下文可知，夫婦倆把一個(gè)兩周齡的南非白面大羚羊救回

并撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大，最終要放歸大自然，目的是讓它能自己照顧自己，此處fend意為“照看，照料”，

與Care意思相近，故選B項(xiàng)。

11.（河北省衡水市第二中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三9月檢測(cè)試題）

Inthestudy,theresearcherssoughttounderstandhowthebrainusesthisfollowing

informationtoadjustourperceptionofwhatweinitiallyheard.Todothis,they

conductedaseriesofexperimentsinwhichthesubjectslistenedtoisolatedsyllables

andsimilarlysoundingwords.Theirresultsproducedthreeprimaryfindings:The

brain'sprimaryauditorycortex（聽(tīng)覺(jué)皮層）issensitivetohowambiguousaspeechsound

isatjust50millisecondsafterthesound'sappearance.Thebrain“replays“previous

speechsoundswhileinterpretingthefollowingones,suggestingre-evaluationasthe

restofthewordunfolds.Thebrainmakescommitmentstoits“bestguess“ofhowto

interpretthesignalafterabouthalfasecond.

Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thesignal“inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Thepreviousspeechsound.B.Thesimilarlysoundingword.

C.Theunciearlysoundingword.D.Thefollowingspeechsound.

【答案】C

【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Theirresultsproducedthreeprimaryfindings:The

brain'sprimaryauditorycortex（聽(tīng)覺(jué)皮層）issensitivetohowambiguousaspeechsound

isatjust50millisecondsafterthesound'sappearance.Thebrain“replays“previous

speechsoundswhileinterpretingthefollowingones,suggestingre-evaluationasthe

restofthewordunfolds.”可知，他們的研究結(jié)果產(chǎn)生了三個(gè)主要發(fā)現(xiàn)：大腦的初級(jí)聽(tīng)覺(jué)皮

層在聲音出現(xiàn)50毫秒后就對(duì)語(yǔ)音的模糊程度很敏感。大腦在解釋接下來(lái)的聲音時(shí)“重播”之前

的聲音，暗示隨著單詞的展開(kāi)重新評(píng)估。大腦會(huì)在半秒后做出“最佳猜測(cè)”來(lái)解釋發(fā)音不清楚

的單詞。故劃線詞意思“發(fā)音不清楚的單詞”。故選C。

12.（河北省保定市重點(diǎn)高中2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題）

Ifyouareofthe“noregrets“schooloflife,youmaythinkthatallthisregret

isarecipeforunhappiness.Butthatisn'tthecase.Lettingyourselfbeoverwhelmed

byregretisindeedbadforyou.Butgoingt