阿聯(lián)酋電動汽車市場展望

eMobilityOutlook

2024

UAEEdition

Executivesummary

Thistargetwasupdatedin2023whentheUAEMinisterofEnergyandInfrastructureannouncedduringCOP28thattheUAEaimedtohaveelectricandhybridvehiclesaccountingfor50%ofallvehiclesonitsroadsby2050,alongsidethetriplingofpowergenerationcapacityfromrenewables.2

Dubaiinparticularalreadyhasarapidlygrowing

numberofEVsontheroad.AccordingtotheDubai

WaterandElectricityAuthority(DEWA),therewere

25,929electricvehiclesinDubaibytheendof

December2023,asharpincreasefromthe15,100EVsreportedattheendof20223.Creatingasustainable

environmentandinfrastructureisoneofthesixUAEpolicyprioritiesoriginallysetoutin2014,withthe

releaseofUAEVision2021.

TheUAEhasidentifiedtheelectrificationofmobility

(eMobility)asaprioritypolicyareaandisnowsevenyearsintoanambitiousplantodecarboniseitsinfrastructureandenergyproduction.UndertheEnergyStrategy2050,the

countryispursuingacombinationofrenewableand

nuclearenergysourcestoachievecarbonneutralitybythemiddleofthiscentury.Theadoptionofelectricvehicles

(EVs)isacriticalelementinthistransitiontoalowcarboneconomy,andthisreportisthefirstofourregionalseries

thatexploresthechallengesandopportunitiesinthissectorforasustainableandseamlessfutureofmobility.

TheUAE’stransitiontoeMobility

PublicpolicyisavitalelementintheUAE’stransitionto

eMobility.Thecountryhasalreadyconverted20%ofits

federalgovernmentagencyvehiclestoEVpowertrainsandinitiallysetatargetforatleast30%ofpublicsector

vehiclesand10%ofallvehiclesontheroadtobeelectric(EVorhybrid)by2030.Thatwassupportedbygovernmentincentivessuchasfreeregistration,freeparkingand

reducedchargingandtollfeesforEVs.1

2

3

Thisbroadtargethasbeendevelopedintoaseriesofdetailedtargetsfor2030and2050,includingthefollowingtargetsoncleanenergygenerationandelectricvehicleEVadoption:

CleanpowergenerationtargetsundertheUAE

EnergyStrategy2050includeincreasingtheshareofrenewables,gas,cleancoalandnuclear

sourcesinelectricitygeneration,withrenewablesourcestobetripledto14gigawatts(GW),cleanenergycapacitytobeincreasedfrom14.2GWto

19.8GW,andtheshareofcleanenergygenerationtoriseto32%,allby2030.

DubaihasintroducedaCleanEnergyStrategy

2050andaGreenMobilityStrategy2030includinganEVGreenChargerinitiativetoexpandtheEVchargingnetworkandencouragetheuseofpureelectricandhybridcarsacrossDubai.ThecleanenergytransitionisbeingsteeredbyDEWA,whichaimstoincreasethecity’snetworkofpublicGreenChargingStationsby170%,from370in2023to1,000by2025.ThenumberofEVowners

registeredundertheGreenChargerInitiativehasincreasedfromjust14in2015tomorethan

11,000bymid-2023andDubaiaimstohavemorethan42,000electriccarsonitsroadsby20304.InDubai,thesaleofelectricityfromEVcharging

stationsisregulatedbyaspecifictariffsetbytheDubaiGovernmentandenforcedbyDEWA5.

Privatedevelopersorstakeholdersarenot

authorisedtosettheirowntariffsforEVcharging.

Since2015,Dubai’sGreenChargershavealreadyprovidedelectricitysufficienttopoweracumulativeelectricvehicledistanceofover66.3million

kilometres.Inalonger-termtarget,theDubaiRoadsandTransportAuthority(RTA)hascommittedto

achievingemissions-freepublictransportby20506.

AbuDhabihaswitnessedsignificantgrowthinitselectricvehiclefleet,with2,441EVs,4,138hybridvehicles,and9,412naturalgasvehiclesonitsroadsasoflate2023.

However,EVsstillrepresentlessthan1.3%ofthetotalvehiclesintheregion.Currently,therearearound250publicEVchargingstationsinAbuDhabi.

TomeetthegrowingdemandforEVcharging

infrastructureandsupportthetransitiontoelectric

mobility,theAbuDhabiNationalOilCompany(ADNOC)andAbuDhabiNationalEnergyCompany(TAQA)havesetanambitioustargettoinstall70,000EVchargepointsintheemirateby2030.

TheUAEMinistryofEnergyandInfrastructure(MoEI)

andEtihadWaterandElectricity(EtihadWE)have

announcedapioneeringjointventure,UAEV,toprovidefastandaccessibleEVcharginginfrastructureacrosstheUAE7.

Additionally,theUAEtechandtelecomgroupe&has

alsolaunchedthe'Charge&Go'network,anticipatinganannualEVdemandgrowthof30%from2022to20288.InDubai,DEWAisleadingsimilarinitiativestobuild

extensivechargingcapacities,underscoringthat

eMobilityissectorconvergentwithvariouscriticalplayerscontributingtoitsadvancement.

AchievingambitiousEVtargets

TheUAE'selectricvehicle(EV)salesoutpaceoverall

automotivemarketgrowth.ThetargetsthattheUAEhassetfordecarbonisationrequirealarge-scaletransitioninthemobilityeconomythatwillreorienttransportationawayfrominternalcombustionengine(ICE)vehiclesand

towardstheadoptionofEVs.

AcrosstheUAE,PwCestimatesthatby2030,EVswillhaveamarketshareofmorethan15%(around58,000vehicles)ofnewpassengercar(PC)andlight

commercialvehicle(LCV)sales,whileby2035,thesharewillhaveincreasedto25%,theequivalentofaround110,500vehicles.

TotallightdutyvehiclessalesinUAE(inthousands)

PC

LCV

418

364

316

403

39

281

35

300

35

309

35

318

35

348

37

358

37

338

36

396

37

380

38

328

36

391

39

430

406

395

385

374

354

344

335

442

202420252026202720282029203020312032203320342035

ShareofInternalCombustionEnginesandElectricVehiclessoldinUAE

EV

ICE

3%

8%

8%

9%

11%

6%

15%

20%

17%

22%

21%

25%

97%

92%

92%

91%

89%

85%

83%

80%

79%

77%

75%

94%

202420252026202720282029203020312032203320342035

Source:PwCanalysis,S&PGlobal

4

5

Criticalsuccess

factors

However,acceleratingtheshareofnewEVsalesandachievingthetargetsoutlinedabovewilldependonseveralcriticalsuccessfactors:

EVcharginginfrastructurethatcansupportthelarge-scaletransitionawayfromICEvehiclesmustbedeveloped.

Electricvehicleshavetobeavailableinthemassmarket.

回

Theenergygenerationmixmustshifttosustainablepowergeneration,asEVs

canonlycontributetocarbonemission

reductionsiftheenergythatpowersthemisalsosustainable.

Ensuringanidealoperatingtemperaturetomaximisetheefficiencyandrangeofelectricvehicles.

Thetotalcostofownership(TCO)ofEVs(acombinedmeasureofpurchaseandoperatingcosts)mustbesufficientlyattractivetoencouragedriverstochange.

回Availability

Onlyasmallminorityofthevehiclemodelscurrently

offeredbydealersintheUAEareEVs.Morethan90%ofallavailablemodelsareICEvehicles(includinghybrids).BycontrastinEurope,whileICEmodelsstilloutnumberEVs,morethanaquarterofallvehiclesavailableareEVsandby2030itisforecastthatmoreEVsthanICEvehicleswillbeavailableinthemarket.

Autoanalystsbelievethisrapidevolutionofthe

EuropeanEVmarketisduetogovernmentelectrificationtargetsandemissionreductionrules(EUregulators9

havesetatargetofzeroemissionsfrompassengercarsandlightcommercialvehiclesby2035).

AvailableICEandBEVcarmodelsinUAE2024

16%

56%25%17%2%

56availableBEVmodels

(7%)

36%17%31%

731availableICEmodels(incl.Hybrid)

(93%)

AvailableICEandBEVcarmodelsinEurope2024

40%

28%

26%6%40%37%17%6%

690available

ICEmodels(incl.Hybrid)

(74%)

264availableBEVmodels

(26%)

AvailableICEandBEVcarmodelsinEurope2030

160availableICEmodels

(29%)

390availableBEVmodels

(71%)

ICE<USD20kBEV<USD20k

ICEUSD20k-USD40kBEVUSD20k-USD40k

ICEUSD40k-USD65kBEVUSD40k-USD65k

ICE>USD65kBEV>USD65k

Source:PwCanalysisBEV=Batteryelectricvehicles6

Temperature

Electricvehiclesarehighlyefficientbutneedanoptimaloperatingtemperatureformaximumefficiency.

TemperaturefluctuationscansignificantlyaffectEVrangeandbatterylife:athightemperatures(whicharecommonintheUAEsummers),theelectricvehiclewillneedtocool

EVsperformbestaround20°C,whereminimalenergyis

neededforclimatecontrol.However,athigher

temperatures,suchas40°C,thedemandforcoolingincreases,andthetotalrangeofthevehicledecreasesbyalmost23%.Forexample,anEVthatcantypically

downitsbatteriesforoptimalperformancewhichcan

impactitsrangeandchargingspeed;similaratlower

travel460kilometersonafullbatteryat20°Cmightseeitsrangedropto360kilometersat40°Cduetothe

additionalenergyrequiredforcooling,reflectinganearly23%reductionintotalrange.

temperatures,EVwillneedtopre-heattheinternalsofthevehicle,suchasbattery,fordeliveringoptimum

performance.Thereforeweneedtoensureanideal

operatingtemperaturetomaximisetheefficiencyandrangeofEVs.

Averagerangeinkilometresatdifferentambienttemperatures*

MonthlyUAEaverages(spectrum,in°C)

-40%

-30%

500

400

300

200

100

0

-10°C

0°C10°C20°C30°C40°C

50°C

Chargingtimefor100kminminutesatdifferentbatterytemperature**

+35%

+50%

15

10

5

0

Averageannualtemperatureofselectedcountriesandregionsin°C

*ExamplebasedonTeslaModelYBatterysize:79kWhOptimalconsumption@20°C:0.17kWh/km

**Ratedchargingpower:150kW,Consumption:0.25kWh/km(average);batterytemperaturenotnecessarilyequaltoambienttemperatureduetobatterythermalmanagementsystem

Source:PwCanalysis7

-10°C0°C10°C20°C30°C40°C50°C

Infrastructure

Publiccharginginfrastructureisthemostsignificant

bottleneckforrapidEVadoptionintheUAE,howeverat

thecurrentrolloutpace,chargepointavailabilitycontinuestofallbehinddemand.AlthoughtheUAEhasbeen

investingheavilyinrenewableenergyprojectswithatargetofbecomingcarbonneutralby2050,asof2023,there

wereonlyaround2,000publicchargepointsdeployedinUAE,andmorethan65%ofthosewereslowchargers.

Thegapbetweenthecurrentroll-outspeedofpublic

charginginfrastructureanddemandissettogrow.

Demandisforecasttoreach45,000chargepointsby

2035iftheUAE’sNationalElectricVehiclesPolicytargetfortheshareofEVsontheroadistobemet.However,atthecurrentrateofrollouttherewillonlybe10,000

chargepointsintheUAEby2035.

Publicchargepointdemandvs.availabilityintheUAE(inthousands)

45

40

35

30

25

20

10

5

0

Infrastructure

16

challengeequalspossiblebusinessopportunities

I

6

3

6

45

10

202520302035

Chargepointdemand—-Currentroll-outspeed

Source:PwCanalysis8

Cost

IntheUAE,thetotalcostofownershipofprivatelyownedEVsismarginallyhigherthanthecostofICEvehicles

despitethelowercostofenergy,primarilybecausethe

initialcostandtheinsurancecostishigherforEVs.

However,forcommercialbuyersthereisnowacost

advantageinEVs,asvehiclesaretypicallydiscounted,

particularlyforfleetcustomerswhoareregardedaspivotalclientsandenjoyevengreaterdiscounts.

Themarketisseeinganumberofnewentrantstothe

commercialEVmarket,intensifyingpricecompetitionandincreasingdiscountingasthenewentrantsspecifically

targetmajorfleetoperators.

Totalcostofownership,ICEvsEVs(inthousandUSDollars)

72.9

74.3

0.8

0.7

8.5

9.6

8.0

3.3

2.8

39.9

5.5

2.2

9.5

4.0

4.1

48.3

65.7

0.8

8.5

10.4

8.0

3.3

2.8

31.9

65.0

0.7

5.5

2.5

9.5

4.0

4.1

38.7

ICE(Private)BEV(Private)ICE(Commercial)BEV(Commercial)

NetpriceFuel

Financingcost

Maintenanceandrepair

PurchasetaxesUsetaxes

Insurance

Source:PwCanalysis9

Energytransition

TheUAE’sfutureelectricitygenerationcapacityoutstripsforecastenergydemand.Thereisalreadymorethan

sufficientelectricitygenerationcapacitytomeetdemandfromanincreasingnumberofEVsontheroad.

ItisestimatedbyPwCMiddleEastthatiftherewere

morethan600,000EVsontheroadsintheUAEby2035thatwouldonlyaddaround1.6%tooverallelectricity

demand.

Energygenerationvsdemand-withandwithoutEVintheUAE(inTWh)

44

259

233

42

40

38

36

PandemicYears

207

TheCovid-19

197

pandemicdidnot

187

203

162

haveanysignificanteffectontheenergygenerationor

186

160

160

152

consumption

Additionalenergydemand

34

fromEVsislowevenifthe

152

totalstockcrossesover600K

32

30

28

81

◆

66

26

58

◆◆

43

◆

24

22

20

18.6

2020202120222023202520302035

oConsumptionwithEVs--Greenenergysupply**

Totalenergygenerationcapacity*ConsumptionwithoutEVs

*TheoreticalenergythatcanbegeneratedwithinUAEbytheexistingpowerplantparkinyearsunderconsideration**Greenenergysupplyincludesrenewableandnuclearenergy

Source:PwCanalysis10

Energytransition

However,whileforecastelectricitygenerationismorethanadequatetomeetrisingdemandduetoanincreaseintheproportionofEVsinthenationalvehiclefleet,theenergymixremainsbiasedtowardsfossilfuelsandasaresult,theintroductionofagreaterproportionofEVsmaynot

significantlyreducethecountry’soverallcarbonemissions.ToachievesignificantemissionscutstheUAEwillneedtoincreasetheshareofgreenenergysourcesincluding

renewablesandnuclearpower.

IftheUAE’sEVtargetsfor2035areachieveditis

estimatedthatemissionswillbealmost11%lowerthanifthenationalfleetwaspurelymadeupofICEvehicles.

Overallvehicleemissionsinthecountrywillstillbehigherthantodayhowever,indicatingahigherproportionofEVswouldbeneededtobringdownemissionslevels

TotalannualCO2emissionsofpassengercars&lightcommercialvehiclesintheUAE(inMntons)

33.1

34

32

10.7%

30.4

30

29.3

28

26

24

22

29.6

Electrifyingmobilityanddecarbonisedenergy

sourceswouldresultinover10%reductionin

overallCO2emissionsby2035

20

18.6

2023202520302035

Business-as-usualEVandgreenerenergy

11

Source:PwCanalysis

12

Recommended

keystrategies

TheintroductionofzerotailpipeemissionEVsinmobilitymarketsrepresentsanattractivesolutiontothechallengeofdecarbonisation-inprinciple.Howeverinpractice,EVscanonlycontributetodecarbonisationiftheyarewidely

availableandattractivetobuyers,ifthereisacharging

infrastructuretosupportthem,ifthecostsofownershiparecompetitive,

回

01

Prioritisingavailabilityanddiversifyingmodelrange

03

Loweringcosts,tomakeeMobilityattractive

05

Investinginsmartandbidirectionalcharging

andiftheenergygenerationmixcontainsenoughlowemissionpowersothatEVsdonotmerelyendup

creatingemissionsattheenergygenerationstage.Creatingtheseconditionsisapolicychallengeforallgovernments.

圖

02

NeedforrobustpublicEVcharginginfrastructure

04

Increasingrangeandcharging

capacity

06

Focusingonimprovedconsumerexperiences

回

Prioritisingavailabilityanddiversifyingmodelrange

ElectricvehiclesofferacompellingsolutiontoreducetheUAE’scarbonfootprintandimprovetheairqualityduetotheirzero-emissionnature.However,therearechallengesthathindertheirwidespreadadoption,suchaslimited

availabilityofmodels.Thechallengeforpolicymakersis

oneofencouragingreputablemanufacturerstobringmoremodelstothemarket,andtoaddressinitialpurchasecostbarriers.Itisalsoimportanttoassuage‘rangeanxiety’

amongbuyersconcernedthattheywillnotbeabletofueltheirvehiclesinawaythatmatchesICEvehicles.

TheUAEmarketprimarilyreliesonimportedBEV

models,predominantlysourcedfromEuropeandtheUS,oftenfallingwithinhigherpricebrackets.Toattract

OriginalEquipmentManufacturers(OEMs)totheUAEmarket,collaborationamongvariousindustry

stakeholdersiscrucial.Thisinvolves:

Tailoredfinancialsupport:

01

Thegovernmentcanoffertailoredfinancialsupportpackagestomeetthespecificrequirementsofmanufacturingprojects.Thesepackagesmayincludetaxincentives,landgrants,infrastructure

developmentaid,andworkforcetrainingprogrammes.

Localmanufacturingandassembly:

Establishmentoflocalmanufacturingandassembly

plantsforEVscanhelplowercostsandincrease

affordabilityforconsumers.Early-stagemanufacturinginvestmentsarealreadyunderwayintheUAE.InAbuDhabigreenmobilitytechnologydeveloperNWTNhasannouncedplansforanEVassemblyplantin

collaborationwithlogisticsoperatorAbuDhabiPorts,

whileDutchsolarEVdeveloperLightyearisdevelopingsolarpoweredvehicleconceptsintheSharjah

Research,TechnologyandInnovationPark10.In

Sharjah,establishedwasterecyclingspecialistBeeahRecyclinghassignedanagreementwiththeUAE

MinistryofEnergyandInfrastructureandthe

AmericanUniversityofSharjahtocreatetheUAE’s

02

firstrecyclingplantforend-of-lifeEVbatteries11.

Engagementwithlocalstakeholders:

Collaborationwithlocalindustryassociations,

03

universities,andsupplierscanhelpwithleveragingtheirexpertiseandresourcestocreateasupportiveecosystemfor

OEMsenteringthemarket.

Focusonall-incomeconsumersegments:

ExistingmassmarketplayerslikeBYDand

04

premiumautomanufacturers,suchasPolestar,shouldfocusonaddressingall-incomeconsumersegmentsto

broadentheEVmarket.

EstablishmentofR&DCentres:

SettingupResearchandDevelopment(R&D)centersdedicatedtoadvancingEVtechnologies,improvingmanufacturingprocesses,andadvancingtheskillsofthelocalworkforcethroughtrainingprogrammesandapprenticeshipscandriveinnovationandcompetitivenessintheEVsector.

China’srapidadvancementintheEVsectorisacombinationofamassiveindustrialpolicyeffort.Large

subsidiesforinnovationandresearch,anopen-doorpolicywelcomingforeignindustryleaders,fundingforproductionfacilities,favourableloantermstodomesticmanufacturersandsubsidiesforconsumershave

enabledcompanies,suchasBYDandTeslatoinvestinstate-of-the-artproductionfacilities,R&Dinitiatives,

05

andsupplychainoptimisation.Thishasresultedinarapidscale-upofEVproduction,withChinanowproducing54%totalEVsgloballyandanevenhighershareforEVbatteries.

13

EVcharginginfrastructure

圖Needforrobustpublic

ArobustcharginginfrastructureisnecessarytomeetlocaldemandforEVsales,astheregiontransitionstowardsanetzeroeconomy.IdentifyingstrategiclocationsforsettinguppublicchargerscouldbedonethroughanAI-based

operationalexpansionroadmap,usingbigdataanalysisondemographics,populationdensity,parkingspaces,trafficflows,andpurchasingpowerdatasets.

EncouragingfastergrowthinEVcharginginfrastructure

requiresacombinationofpublic-privatepartnershipsanddirectinvestments.Collaborationsamongchargepoint

operators(CPOs),utilities,eMobilityserviceproviders,and

publicentitiesisessentialtorampupcharginginfrastructuresustainablyintheregion.

DrawinglessonsfromsuccessfulEVcharging

infrastructuredeploymentsincountrieslikeChinaandNorway,therearesomeclearobservationsasoutlinedbelow.

Internationally,EuropeancountriesarecomparabletotheUSandCanadainEV-to-publicchargepointratios,withapproximately13and17EVsperpublicchargepoint,

respectively.However,theinfrastructureinbothEuropeandNorthAmericaiswaybehindChina,whichhas

approximatelysixEVsperpublicchargepoint.

Prioritisingcharginginfrastructure

01

ExpansionofpubliccharginginfrastructureshouldbeprioritisedinlesspopulatedandruralareastohelpaddressconcernsonrangeanxietyandenhancetheappealofEVadoptionoutsideurbanregions.

Incentives

Providingincentivesandsubsidiestobusinessesandmunicipalities,suchastaxbreaks,grants,andlow-interestloans,canoffsetinstallationcostsandacceleratetherolloutofpubliccharging

infrastructure.02

Destinationcharging

ImplementingdestinationchargingatlocationswhereEVownersspendextendedperiods,suchassupermarkets,shoppingmalls,publicparkinglotsorrestaurantsandcafes.

03

Regulatorysupport

04

Regulatorysupportfromresponsibleministriesiscrucialforenforcinguniformchargingstandards,mandatingcharginginfrastructureinclusioninnewconstructionprojects,commercialbuildings,parkinglots,restaurants,andhighways.

RegulatingthedeploymentoffasterandcheaperEVchargingstationswiththeaimofdecreasingchargingtimeswillenablemaintainingefficiencyandcompetitivepricing.

14

Loweringcosts,tomakeeMobilityattractive

EconomicconditionswithinaregioncaninfluenceattitudestowardsEVs.Initialpurchasepriceofelectriccarsinthe

UAEisrelativelyhighduetofactors,suchasexpensiveinsurance,higherbatteryandchargingequipmentcostsandincreasedmaintenanceexpensesduetolackof

trainedprofessionals.

ArecentsurveyandacademicanalysispublishedinthejournalSustainability12byresearchersfromtheUAE

UniversityandtheNationalHighSchoolofEngineeringinTunisiafoundthatcostisthemaindriverofEVpurchasedecisionsforUAEconsumers,butthatthereweresharpdifferencesinthepropensitytobuyEVsbasedon

geographiclocation.

ThesurveyfoundthatconsumersacrossallincomelevelsareattractedbythepotentialofEVstosavefuelcosts,butinterestinsavingmoneyoncarmaintenanceandtheinitialcostofpurchasewasstrongerforconsumersathigher

incomelevels.

PreferencesforEVswerestrongerinDubaiandAbu

Dhabi,butweakerinareaswithlowerpopulations,suchasRasAlKhaimahandUmmalQuwain,suggestingthatpolicysupportwillbevitaltopromoteEVadoptionin

moreruralareas.

MosttheleadingcountriesintermsofEVsales,suchasthoseinEurope,theUSA,andChina,offersignificantmonetaryincentivesthatlowertheupfrontcostand

attractconsumerstoswitchtoEVs.

TheavailabilityofmoreaffordableEVscanbroadentheappealofeMobilityacrossbroaderdemographicgroups,benefitingallincomebracketsandcontributingtothe

UAE’seconomy.Toacceleratethetransitiontowards

electricmobility,thereneedstobeacollaborationamongautomakers,government,utilities,charginginfrastructureproviders,financialandresearchinstitutions,supply

partners,andconsumers.

LoweringthecostsofEVsiskey,andthiscanbeachievedthrough:

01

Governmentsubsidiesandincentivesforconsumerscanhelpoffsetthehigherupfrontcosts

Adoptingcost-savingmeasuresincludingreduced

shippingandimportcosts,shortersupplychains,andeasieraccesstoregionalcomponentsandmaterialscanmakelocallymanufacturedEVsmore

cost-competitivecomparedtoimportedmodels

04

OfferingfavorablefinancingGoptions,suchasleasingprogrammesandlow-interestloanscanfurther

encourageconsumerstomaketheswitch.

15

03

16

Investinginsmart

andbidirectionalcharging

EVsarepoisedtoplayacrucialroleinshapinga

sustainablefuture.Theyaimtorevolutionisenotjust

transportationbutalsoenergysystems,becomingintegralpartsofourhomesandecosystems.

Smartchargingforelectricvehicles(EVs)ispivotalinunlockingsynergiesbetweenthecleantransportsectorandlow-carbonelectricity.

SmartenergymanagementwilloptimisethecharginginfrastructurebyefficientlydeliveringavailablepowertoEVs,andshiftingchargingloadsacrosschargersandenergysourcestosafelydeliverelectricitywithout

interferingwiththepowerneedsofbuildings,homes,orotherpowerconsumers.

ItminimisestheloadimpactfromEVsandunlockstheflexibilitytousemoresolarandwindpowerandrenewableenergygenerationmix.

01

Itincludesdifferentpricingandtechnicalchargingoptions,includingtime-of-usepricing,whichwill

encourageconsumerstomovetheirchargingfrompeaktooff-peakperiods,andadvancedsmart

chargingapproaches,suchasdirectcontrolmechanisms.Thiswillbenecessaryasalong-termsolutionathigherpenetrationlevelsandforthedeliveryofclos