




版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡介
eMobilityOutlook
2024
UAEEdition
Executivesummary
Thistargetwasupdatedin2023whentheUAEMinisterofEnergyandInfrastructureannouncedduringCOP28thattheUAEaimedtohaveelectricandhybridvehiclesaccountingfor50%ofallvehiclesonitsroadsby2050,alongsidethetriplingofpowergenerationcapacityfromrenewables.2
Dubaiinparticularalreadyhasarapidlygrowing
numberofEVsontheroad.AccordingtotheDubai
WaterandElectricityAuthority(DEWA),therewere
25,929electricvehiclesinDubaibytheendof
December2023,asharpincreasefromthe15,100EVsreportedattheendof20223.Creatingasustainable
environmentandinfrastructureisoneofthesixUAEpolicyprioritiesoriginallysetoutin2014,withthe
releaseofUAEVision2021.
TheUAEhasidentifiedtheelectrificationofmobility
(eMobility)asaprioritypolicyareaandisnowsevenyearsintoanambitiousplantodecarboniseitsinfrastructureandenergyproduction.UndertheEnergyStrategy2050,the
countryispursuingacombinationofrenewableand
nuclearenergysourcestoachievecarbonneutralitybythemiddleofthiscentury.Theadoptionofelectricvehicles
(EVs)isacriticalelementinthistransitiontoalowcarboneconomy,andthisreportisthefirstofourregionalseries
thatexploresthechallengesandopportunitiesinthissectorforasustainableandseamlessfutureofmobility.
TheUAE’stransitiontoeMobility
PublicpolicyisavitalelementintheUAE’stransitionto
eMobility.Thecountryhasalreadyconverted20%ofits
federalgovernmentagencyvehiclestoEVpowertrainsandinitiallysetatargetforatleast30%ofpublicsector
vehiclesand10%ofallvehiclesontheroadtobeelectric(EVorhybrid)by2030.Thatwassupportedbygovernmentincentivessuchasfreeregistration,freeparkingand
reducedchargingandtollfeesforEVs.1
2
3
Thisbroadtargethasbeendevelopedintoaseriesofdetailedtargetsfor2030and2050,includingthefollowingtargetsoncleanenergygenerationandelectricvehicleEVadoption:
CleanpowergenerationtargetsundertheUAE
EnergyStrategy2050includeincreasingtheshareofrenewables,gas,cleancoalandnuclear
sourcesinelectricitygeneration,withrenewablesourcestobetripledto14gigawatts(GW),cleanenergycapacitytobeincreasedfrom14.2GWto
19.8GW,andtheshareofcleanenergygenerationtoriseto32%,allby2030.
DubaihasintroducedaCleanEnergyStrategy
2050andaGreenMobilityStrategy2030includinganEVGreenChargerinitiativetoexpandtheEVchargingnetworkandencouragetheuseofpureelectricandhybridcarsacrossDubai.ThecleanenergytransitionisbeingsteeredbyDEWA,whichaimstoincreasethecity’snetworkofpublicGreenChargingStationsby170%,from370in2023to1,000by2025.ThenumberofEVowners
registeredundertheGreenChargerInitiativehasincreasedfromjust14in2015tomorethan
11,000bymid-2023andDubaiaimstohavemorethan42,000electriccarsonitsroadsby20304.InDubai,thesaleofelectricityfromEVcharging
stationsisregulatedbyaspecifictariffsetbytheDubaiGovernmentandenforcedbyDEWA5.
Privatedevelopersorstakeholdersarenot
authorisedtosettheirowntariffsforEVcharging.
Since2015,Dubai’sGreenChargershavealreadyprovidedelectricitysufficienttopoweracumulativeelectricvehicledistanceofover66.3million
kilometres.Inalonger-termtarget,theDubaiRoadsandTransportAuthority(RTA)hascommittedto
achievingemissions-freepublictransportby20506.
AbuDhabihaswitnessedsignificantgrowthinitselectricvehiclefleet,with2,441EVs,4,138hybridvehicles,and9,412naturalgasvehiclesonitsroadsasoflate2023.
However,EVsstillrepresentlessthan1.3%ofthetotalvehiclesintheregion.Currently,therearearound250publicEVchargingstationsinAbuDhabi.
TomeetthegrowingdemandforEVcharging
infrastructureandsupportthetransitiontoelectric
mobility,theAbuDhabiNationalOilCompany(ADNOC)andAbuDhabiNationalEnergyCompany(TAQA)havesetanambitioustargettoinstall70,000EVchargepointsintheemirateby2030.
TheUAEMinistryofEnergyandInfrastructure(MoEI)
andEtihadWaterandElectricity(EtihadWE)have
announcedapioneeringjointventure,UAEV,toprovidefastandaccessibleEVcharginginfrastructureacrosstheUAE7.
Additionally,theUAEtechandtelecomgroupe&has
alsolaunchedthe'Charge&Go'network,anticipatinganannualEVdemandgrowthof30%from2022to20288.InDubai,DEWAisleadingsimilarinitiativestobuild
extensivechargingcapacities,underscoringthat
eMobilityissectorconvergentwithvariouscriticalplayerscontributingtoitsadvancement.
AchievingambitiousEVtargets
TheUAE'selectricvehicle(EV)salesoutpaceoverall
automotivemarketgrowth.ThetargetsthattheUAEhassetfordecarbonisationrequirealarge-scaletransitioninthemobilityeconomythatwillreorienttransportationawayfrominternalcombustionengine(ICE)vehiclesand
towardstheadoptionofEVs.
AcrosstheUAE,PwCestimatesthatby2030,EVswillhaveamarketshareofmorethan15%(around58,000vehicles)ofnewpassengercar(PC)andlight
commercialvehicle(LCV)sales,whileby2035,thesharewillhaveincreasedto25%,theequivalentofaround110,500vehicles.
TotallightdutyvehiclessalesinUAE(inthousands)
PC
LCV
418
364
316
403
39
281
35
300
35
309
35
318
35
348
37
358
37
338
36
396
37
380
38
328
36
391
39
430
406
395
385
374
354
344
335
442
202420252026202720282029203020312032203320342035
ShareofInternalCombustionEnginesandElectricVehiclessoldinUAE
EV
ICE
3%
8%
8%
9%
11%
6%
15%
20%
17%
22%
21%
25%
97%
92%
92%
91%
89%
85%
83%
80%
79%
77%
75%
94%
202420252026202720282029203020312032203320342035
Source:PwCanalysis,S&PGlobal
4
5
Criticalsuccess
factors
However,acceleratingtheshareofnewEVsalesandachievingthetargetsoutlinedabovewilldependonseveralcriticalsuccessfactors:
EVcharginginfrastructurethatcansupportthelarge-scaletransitionawayfromICEvehiclesmustbedeveloped.
Electricvehicleshavetobeavailableinthemassmarket.
回
Theenergygenerationmixmustshifttosustainablepowergeneration,asEVs
canonlycontributetocarbonemission
reductionsiftheenergythatpowersthemisalsosustainable.
Ensuringanidealoperatingtemperaturetomaximisetheefficiencyandrangeofelectricvehicles.
Thetotalcostofownership(TCO)ofEVs(acombinedmeasureofpurchaseandoperatingcosts)mustbesufficientlyattractivetoencouragedriverstochange.
回Availability
Onlyasmallminorityofthevehiclemodelscurrently
offeredbydealersintheUAEareEVs.Morethan90%ofallavailablemodelsareICEvehicles(includinghybrids).BycontrastinEurope,whileICEmodelsstilloutnumberEVs,morethanaquarterofallvehiclesavailableareEVsandby2030itisforecastthatmoreEVsthanICEvehicleswillbeavailableinthemarket.
Autoanalystsbelievethisrapidevolutionofthe
EuropeanEVmarketisduetogovernmentelectrificationtargetsandemissionreductionrules(EUregulators9
havesetatargetofzeroemissionsfrompassengercarsandlightcommercialvehiclesby2035).
AvailableICEandBEVcarmodelsinUAE2024
16%
56%25%17%2%
56availableBEVmodels
(7%)
36%17%31%
731availableICEmodels(incl.Hybrid)
(93%)
AvailableICEandBEVcarmodelsinEurope2024
40%
28%
26%6%40%37%17%6%
690available
ICEmodels(incl.Hybrid)
(74%)
264availableBEVmodels
(26%)
AvailableICEandBEVcarmodelsinEurope2030
160availableICEmodels
(29%)
390availableBEVmodels
(71%)
ICE<USD20kBEV<USD20k
ICEUSD20k-USD40kBEVUSD20k-USD40k
ICEUSD40k-USD65kBEVUSD40k-USD65k
ICE>USD65kBEV>USD65k
Source:PwCanalysisBEV=Batteryelectricvehicles6
Temperature
Electricvehiclesarehighlyefficientbutneedanoptimaloperatingtemperatureformaximumefficiency.
TemperaturefluctuationscansignificantlyaffectEVrangeandbatterylife:athightemperatures(whicharecommonintheUAEsummers),theelectricvehiclewillneedtocool
EVsperformbestaround20°C,whereminimalenergyis
neededforclimatecontrol.However,athigher
temperatures,suchas40°C,thedemandforcoolingincreases,andthetotalrangeofthevehicledecreasesbyalmost23%.Forexample,anEVthatcantypically
downitsbatteriesforoptimalperformancewhichcan
impactitsrangeandchargingspeed;similaratlower
travel460kilometersonafullbatteryat20°Cmightseeitsrangedropto360kilometersat40°Cduetothe
additionalenergyrequiredforcooling,reflectinganearly23%reductionintotalrange.
temperatures,EVwillneedtopre-heattheinternalsofthevehicle,suchasbattery,fordeliveringoptimum
performance.Thereforeweneedtoensureanideal
operatingtemperaturetomaximisetheefficiencyandrangeofEVs.
Averagerangeinkilometresatdifferentambienttemperatures*
MonthlyUAEaverages(spectrum,in°C)
-40%
-30%
500
400
300
200
100
0
-10°C
0°C10°C20°C30°C40°C
50°C
Chargingtimefor100kminminutesatdifferentbatterytemperature**
+35%
+50%
15
10
5
0
Averageannualtemperatureofselectedcountriesandregionsin°C
*ExamplebasedonTeslaModelYBatterysize:79kWhOptimalconsumption@20°C:0.17kWh/km
**Ratedchargingpower:150kW,Consumption:0.25kWh/km(average);batterytemperaturenotnecessarilyequaltoambienttemperatureduetobatterythermalmanagementsystem
Source:PwCanalysis7
-10°C0°C10°C20°C30°C40°C50°C
Infrastructure
Publiccharginginfrastructureisthemostsignificant
bottleneckforrapidEVadoptionintheUAE,howeverat
thecurrentrolloutpace,chargepointavailabilitycontinuestofallbehinddemand.AlthoughtheUAEhasbeen
investingheavilyinrenewableenergyprojectswithatargetofbecomingcarbonneutralby2050,asof2023,there
wereonlyaround2,000publicchargepointsdeployedinUAE,andmorethan65%ofthosewereslowchargers.
Thegapbetweenthecurrentroll-outspeedofpublic
charginginfrastructureanddemandissettogrow.
Demandisforecasttoreach45,000chargepointsby
2035iftheUAE’sNationalElectricVehiclesPolicytargetfortheshareofEVsontheroadistobemet.However,atthecurrentrateofrollouttherewillonlybe10,000
chargepointsintheUAEby2035.
Publicchargepointdemandvs.availabilityintheUAE(inthousands)
45
40
35
30
25
20
10
5
0
Infrastructure
16
challengeequalspossiblebusinessopportunities
I
6
3
6
45
10
202520302035
Chargepointdemand—-Currentroll-outspeed
Source:PwCanalysis8
Cost
IntheUAE,thetotalcostofownershipofprivatelyownedEVsismarginallyhigherthanthecostofICEvehicles
despitethelowercostofenergy,primarilybecausethe
initialcostandtheinsurancecostishigherforEVs.
However,forcommercialbuyersthereisnowacost
advantageinEVs,asvehiclesaretypicallydiscounted,
particularlyforfleetcustomerswhoareregardedaspivotalclientsandenjoyevengreaterdiscounts.
Themarketisseeinganumberofnewentrantstothe
commercialEVmarket,intensifyingpricecompetitionandincreasingdiscountingasthenewentrantsspecifically
targetmajorfleetoperators.
Totalcostofownership,ICEvsEVs(inthousandUSDollars)
72.9
74.3
0.8
0.7
8.5
9.6
8.0
3.3
2.8
39.9
5.5
2.2
9.5
4.0
4.1
48.3
65.7
0.8
8.5
10.4
8.0
3.3
2.8
31.9
65.0
0.7
5.5
2.5
9.5
4.0
4.1
38.7
ICE(Private)BEV(Private)ICE(Commercial)BEV(Commercial)
NetpriceFuel
Financingcost
Maintenanceandrepair
PurchasetaxesUsetaxes
Insurance
Source:PwCanalysis9
Energytransition
TheUAE’sfutureelectricitygenerationcapacityoutstripsforecastenergydemand.Thereisalreadymorethan
sufficientelectricitygenerationcapacitytomeetdemandfromanincreasingnumberofEVsontheroad.
ItisestimatedbyPwCMiddleEastthatiftherewere
morethan600,000EVsontheroadsintheUAEby2035thatwouldonlyaddaround1.6%tooverallelectricity
demand.
Energygenerationvsdemand-withandwithoutEVintheUAE(inTWh)
44
259
233
42
40
38
36
PandemicYears
207
TheCovid-19
197
pandemicdidnot
187
203
162
haveanysignificanteffectontheenergygenerationor
186
160
160
152
consumption
Additionalenergydemand
34
fromEVsislowevenifthe
152
totalstockcrossesover600K
32
30
28
81
◆
66
26
58
◆◆
43
◆
24
22
20
18.6
2020202120222023202520302035
oConsumptionwithEVs--Greenenergysupply**
Totalenergygenerationcapacity*ConsumptionwithoutEVs
*TheoreticalenergythatcanbegeneratedwithinUAEbytheexistingpowerplantparkinyearsunderconsideration**Greenenergysupplyincludesrenewableandnuclearenergy
Source:PwCanalysis10
Energytransition
However,whileforecastelectricitygenerationismorethanadequatetomeetrisingdemandduetoanincreaseintheproportionofEVsinthenationalvehiclefleet,theenergymixremainsbiasedtowardsfossilfuelsandasaresult,theintroductionofagreaterproportionofEVsmaynot
significantlyreducethecountry’soverallcarbonemissions.ToachievesignificantemissionscutstheUAEwillneedtoincreasetheshareofgreenenergysourcesincluding
renewablesandnuclearpower.
IftheUAE’sEVtargetsfor2035areachieveditis
estimatedthatemissionswillbealmost11%lowerthanifthenationalfleetwaspurelymadeupofICEvehicles.
Overallvehicleemissionsinthecountrywillstillbehigherthantodayhowever,indicatingahigherproportionofEVswouldbeneededtobringdownemissionslevels
TotalannualCO2emissionsofpassengercars&lightcommercialvehiclesintheUAE(inMntons)
33.1
34
32
10.7%
30.4
30
29.3
28
26
24
22
29.6
Electrifyingmobilityanddecarbonisedenergy
sourceswouldresultinover10%reductionin
overallCO2emissionsby2035
20
18.6
2023202520302035
Business-as-usualEVandgreenerenergy
11
Source:PwCanalysis
12
Recommended
keystrategies
TheintroductionofzerotailpipeemissionEVsinmobilitymarketsrepresentsanattractivesolutiontothechallengeofdecarbonisation-inprinciple.Howeverinpractice,EVscanonlycontributetodecarbonisationiftheyarewidely
availableandattractivetobuyers,ifthereisacharging
infrastructuretosupportthem,ifthecostsofownershiparecompetitive,
回
01
Prioritisingavailabilityanddiversifyingmodelrange
03
Loweringcosts,tomakeeMobilityattractive
05
Investinginsmartandbidirectionalcharging
andiftheenergygenerationmixcontainsenoughlowemissionpowersothatEVsdonotmerelyendup
creatingemissionsattheenergygenerationstage.Creatingtheseconditionsisapolicychallengeforallgovernments.
圖
02
NeedforrobustpublicEVcharginginfrastructure
04
Increasingrangeandcharging
capacity
06
Focusingonimprovedconsumerexperiences
回
Prioritisingavailabilityanddiversifyingmodelrange
ElectricvehiclesofferacompellingsolutiontoreducetheUAE’scarbonfootprintandimprovetheairqualityduetotheirzero-emissionnature.However,therearechallengesthathindertheirwidespreadadoption,suchaslimited
availabilityofmodels.Thechallengeforpolicymakersis
oneofencouragingreputablemanufacturerstobringmoremodelstothemarket,andtoaddressinitialpurchasecostbarriers.Itisalsoimportanttoassuage‘rangeanxiety’
amongbuyersconcernedthattheywillnotbeabletofueltheirvehiclesinawaythatmatchesICEvehicles.
TheUAEmarketprimarilyreliesonimportedBEV
models,predominantlysourcedfromEuropeandtheUS,oftenfallingwithinhigherpricebrackets.Toattract
OriginalEquipmentManufacturers(OEMs)totheUAEmarket,collaborationamongvariousindustry
stakeholdersiscrucial.Thisinvolves:
Tailoredfinancialsupport:
01
Thegovernmentcanoffertailoredfinancialsupportpackagestomeetthespecificrequirementsofmanufacturingprojects.Thesepackagesmayincludetaxincentives,landgrants,infrastructure
developmentaid,andworkforcetrainingprogrammes.
Localmanufacturingandassembly:
Establishmentoflocalmanufacturingandassembly
plantsforEVscanhelplowercostsandincrease
affordabilityforconsumers.Early-stagemanufacturinginvestmentsarealreadyunderwayintheUAE.InAbuDhabigreenmobilitytechnologydeveloperNWTNhasannouncedplansforanEVassemblyplantin
collaborationwithlogisticsoperatorAbuDhabiPorts,
whileDutchsolarEVdeveloperLightyearisdevelopingsolarpoweredvehicleconceptsintheSharjah
Research,TechnologyandInnovationPark10.In
Sharjah,establishedwasterecyclingspecialistBeeahRecyclinghassignedanagreementwiththeUAE
MinistryofEnergyandInfrastructureandthe
AmericanUniversityofSharjahtocreatetheUAE’s
02
firstrecyclingplantforend-of-lifeEVbatteries11.
Engagementwithlocalstakeholders:
Collaborationwithlocalindustryassociations,
03
universities,andsupplierscanhelpwithleveragingtheirexpertiseandresourcestocreateasupportiveecosystemfor
OEMsenteringthemarket.
Focusonall-incomeconsumersegments:
ExistingmassmarketplayerslikeBYDand
04
premiumautomanufacturers,suchasPolestar,shouldfocusonaddressingall-incomeconsumersegmentsto
broadentheEVmarket.
EstablishmentofR&DCentres:
SettingupResearchandDevelopment(R&D)centersdedicatedtoadvancingEVtechnologies,improvingmanufacturingprocesses,andadvancingtheskillsofthelocalworkforcethroughtrainingprogrammesandapprenticeshipscandriveinnovationandcompetitivenessintheEVsector.
China’srapidadvancementintheEVsectorisacombinationofamassiveindustrialpolicyeffort.Large
subsidiesforinnovationandresearch,anopen-doorpolicywelcomingforeignindustryleaders,fundingforproductionfacilities,favourableloantermstodomesticmanufacturersandsubsidiesforconsumershave
enabledcompanies,suchasBYDandTeslatoinvestinstate-of-the-artproductionfacilities,R&Dinitiatives,
05
andsupplychainoptimisation.Thishasresultedinarapidscale-upofEVproduction,withChinanowproducing54%totalEVsgloballyandanevenhighershareforEVbatteries.
13
EVcharginginfrastructure
圖Needforrobustpublic
ArobustcharginginfrastructureisnecessarytomeetlocaldemandforEVsales,astheregiontransitionstowardsanetzeroeconomy.IdentifyingstrategiclocationsforsettinguppublicchargerscouldbedonethroughanAI-based
operationalexpansionroadmap,usingbigdataanalysisondemographics,populationdensity,parkingspaces,trafficflows,andpurchasingpowerdatasets.
EncouragingfastergrowthinEVcharginginfrastructure
requiresacombinationofpublic-privatepartnershipsanddirectinvestments.Collaborationsamongchargepoint
operators(CPOs),utilities,eMobilityserviceproviders,and
publicentitiesisessentialtorampupcharginginfrastructuresustainablyintheregion.
DrawinglessonsfromsuccessfulEVcharging
infrastructuredeploymentsincountrieslikeChinaandNorway,therearesomeclearobservationsasoutlinedbelow.
Internationally,EuropeancountriesarecomparabletotheUSandCanadainEV-to-publicchargepointratios,withapproximately13and17EVsperpublicchargepoint,
respectively.However,theinfrastructureinbothEuropeandNorthAmericaiswaybehindChina,whichhas
approximatelysixEVsperpublicchargepoint.
Prioritisingcharginginfrastructure
01
ExpansionofpubliccharginginfrastructureshouldbeprioritisedinlesspopulatedandruralareastohelpaddressconcernsonrangeanxietyandenhancetheappealofEVadoptionoutsideurbanregions.
Incentives
Providingincentivesandsubsidiestobusinessesandmunicipalities,suchastaxbreaks,grants,andlow-interestloans,canoffsetinstallationcostsandacceleratetherolloutofpubliccharging
infrastructure.02
Destinationcharging
ImplementingdestinationchargingatlocationswhereEVownersspendextendedperiods,suchassupermarkets,shoppingmalls,publicparkinglotsorrestaurantsandcafes.
03
Regulatorysupport
04
Regulatorysupportfromresponsibleministriesiscrucialforenforcinguniformchargingstandards,mandatingcharginginfrastructureinclusioninnewconstructionprojects,commercialbuildings,parkinglots,restaurants,andhighways.
RegulatingthedeploymentoffasterandcheaperEVchargingstationswiththeaimofdecreasingchargingtimeswillenablemaintainingefficiencyandcompetitivepricing.
14
Loweringcosts,tomakeeMobilityattractive
EconomicconditionswithinaregioncaninfluenceattitudestowardsEVs.Initialpurchasepriceofelectriccarsinthe
UAEisrelativelyhighduetofactors,suchasexpensiveinsurance,higherbatteryandchargingequipmentcostsandincreasedmaintenanceexpensesduetolackof
trainedprofessionals.
ArecentsurveyandacademicanalysispublishedinthejournalSustainability12byresearchersfromtheUAE
UniversityandtheNationalHighSchoolofEngineeringinTunisiafoundthatcostisthemaindriverofEVpurchasedecisionsforUAEconsumers,butthatthereweresharpdifferencesinthepropensitytobuyEVsbasedon
geographiclocation.
ThesurveyfoundthatconsumersacrossallincomelevelsareattractedbythepotentialofEVstosavefuelcosts,butinterestinsavingmoneyoncarmaintenanceandtheinitialcostofpurchasewasstrongerforconsumersathigher
incomelevels.
PreferencesforEVswerestrongerinDubaiandAbu
Dhabi,butweakerinareaswithlowerpopulations,suchasRasAlKhaimahandUmmalQuwain,suggestingthatpolicysupportwillbevitaltopromoteEVadoptionin
moreruralareas.
MosttheleadingcountriesintermsofEVsales,suchasthoseinEurope,theUSA,andChina,offersignificantmonetaryincentivesthatlowertheupfrontcostand
attractconsumerstoswitchtoEVs.
TheavailabilityofmoreaffordableEVscanbroadentheappealofeMobilityacrossbroaderdemographicgroups,benefitingallincomebracketsandcontributingtothe
UAE’seconomy.Toacceleratethetransitiontowards
electricmobility,thereneedstobeacollaborationamongautomakers,government,utilities,charginginfrastructureproviders,financialandresearchinstitutions,supply
partners,andconsumers.
LoweringthecostsofEVsiskey,andthiscanbeachievedthrough:
01
Governmentsubsidiesandincentivesforconsumerscanhelpoffsetthehigherupfrontcosts
Adoptingcost-savingmeasuresincludingreduced
shippingandimportcosts,shortersupplychains,andeasieraccesstoregionalcomponentsandmaterialscanmakelocallymanufacturedEVsmore
cost-competitivecomparedtoimportedmodels
04
OfferingfavorablefinancingGoptions,suchasleasingprogrammesandlow-interestloanscanfurther
encourageconsumerstomaketheswitch.
15
03
16
Investinginsmart
andbidirectionalcharging
EVsarepoisedtoplayacrucialroleinshapinga
sustainablefuture.Theyaimtorevolutionisenotjust
transportationbutalsoenergysystems,becomingintegralpartsofourhomesandecosystems.
Smartchargingforelectricvehicles(EVs)ispivotalinunlockingsynergiesbetweenthecleantransportsectorandlow-carbonelectricity.
SmartenergymanagementwilloptimisethecharginginfrastructurebyefficientlydeliveringavailablepowertoEVs,andshiftingchargingloadsacrosschargersandenergysourcestosafelydeliverelectricitywithout
interferingwiththepowerneedsofbuildings,homes,orotherpowerconsumers.
ItminimisestheloadimpactfromEVsandunlockstheflexibilitytousemoresolarandwindpowerandrenewableenergygenerationmix.
01
Itincludesdifferentpricingandtechnicalchargingoptions,includingtime-of-usepricing,whichwill
encourageconsumerstomovetheirchargingfrompeaktooff-peakperiods,andadvancedsmart
chargingapproaches,suchasdirectcontrolmechanisms.Thiswillbenecessaryasalong-termsolutionathigherpenetrationlevelsandforthedeliveryofclos
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 2024年農(nóng)業(yè)植保員考試咨詢試題與答案綜合解讀
- 2024年植保員職業(yè)能力框架試題及答案
- 用電安全課件教案
- 辦公大樓裝修工程可行性研究報(bào)告(范文)
- 數(shù)控技術(shù)在模具設(shè)計(jì)中的作用試題及答案
- 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 2024年籃球裁判員考試試題及答案
- 模具設(shè)計(jì)師資格考試的核心考點(diǎn)試題及答案
- 救生員心理調(diào)整技巧與試題及答案評估
- 2024農(nóng)業(yè)植保員實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練試題及答案
- 2024游泳救生員考試關(guān)鍵試題及答案
- 林業(yè)政策法規(guī)考試題庫(含答案)
- 機(jī)械、設(shè)備掛靠協(xié)議范本、合同、合約
- 抗腫瘤藥物過敏反應(yīng)和過敏性休克
- 管理前沿理論試題總結(jié)
- 馬坑鐵礦450-200鉬礦床的地下開采方案設(shè)計(jì)采礦工程專業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)畢業(yè)論
- 高三英語教研組建設(shè)(課堂PPT)
- 排水管道非開挖預(yù)防性修復(fù)可行性研究報(bào)告
- 讀書知識競賽試題含答案
- 企業(yè)全面戰(zhàn)略管理、年度經(jīng)營計(jì)劃、預(yù)算管理、績效管理
- SOP0420201潔凈空調(diào)系統(tǒng)清潔消毒預(yù)防性維護(hù)保養(yǎng)操作規(guī)程報(bào)告
- 試樣切取和加工制備作業(yè)指導(dǎo)書
評論
0/150
提交評論