2025屆高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)：時(shí)文閱讀與練習(xí)25

時(shí)文閱讀與練習(xí)25

Whyexplorespace?(Excerpt)

1970年，贊比亞修女瑪麗?尤肯達(dá)寫(xiě)信給時(shí)任美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局馬

歇爾太空飛行中心科學(xué)副總監(jiān)的恩斯特?施圖林格博士，問(wèn)他何以提議

花費(fèi)數(shù)十億美元用于太空探索，而不顧世界上還有許多兒童在忍受饑

餓的事實(shí)。在下文的回信中，施圖林格用事實(shí)和道理闡述了太空探索

的重要意義。

DearMaryJucunda,

11believethatbyworkingforthespaceprogramIcanmake

contributionstothereliefandeventualsolutiontosuchseriousproblems

aspovertyandhungeronEarth.Basictothehungerproblemaretwo

functions：theproductionoffoodandthedistributionoffood.Food

productionbyagriculture,oceanfishingandotherlarge-scaleoperations

isefficientinsomepartsoftheworld,butratherdisappointinginmany

others.

2Thebesttoolfortheimprovementofallthesefunctions,

undoubtedly,istheartificialEarthsatellite.Circlingtheglobeatahigh

altitude,itcanscreenwideareasoflandwithinashorttime;itcan

observeandmeasurealargevarietyoffactorsindicatingthestatusand

conditionofcrops,soil,droughts,rainfall,snowcover,etc.,and

itcanradiothisinformationtogroundstationsforappropriateuse.

3Thedistributionofthefoodtotheneedyisacompletelydifferent

problem.Efficientrelieffromhunger,Iamafraid,willnotcomebefore

theboundariesbetweennationshavebecomelessdivisive(分裂的)than

theyaretoday.Idonotbelievethatspaceflightwillaccomplishthis

miracleovernight.However,thespaceprogramiscertainlyamongthe

mostpromisingandpowerfulagentsworkinginthisdirection,justtaking

therecentnear-tragedyofApollo13asanexample.

4Higherfoodproductionthroughsurveysandassessmentsfromorbit

（軌道），andbetterfooddistributionthroughimprovedinternational

relations,areonlytwoexamplesofhowdeeplythespaceprogramwill

impactlifeonEarth.

5AlthoughourspaceprogramseemstoleadusawayfromourEarth

andouttowardthemoon,thesun,theplanets,andthestars,I

believethatnoneofthesecelestial（天上的）objectswillfindasmuch

attentionandstudybyspacescientistsasourEarth.Itwillbecomea

betterEarth,notonlybecauseofallthenewtechnologicalandscientific

knowledgewhichwewillapplytothebettermentoflife,butalso

becausewearedevelopingafardeeperappreciationofourEarth,oflife,

andofman.

Sincerelyyours,

Dir.ErnstStuhlinger

ReadingCheck

Choosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext

1.Whatistheauthorspurposeinwritingthistext?

A.Tomakesomecontributionstospaceprograms.

B.TohelptoovercomeseriousproblemsonEarth.

C.ToshowtheartificialEarthsatellitesfunctions.

D.Toexplainthereasonsforspaceexploration.

2.WhichitemmaybebeyondtheartificialEarthsatellitesfunctions?

A.Circlingtheglobeatahighaltitude.

B.Screeningwideareasoflandquickly.

C.Indicatingthestatusofcropsandsoil.

D.Improvingtheoceanfishingefficiency.

3.WhydoestheauthormentionApollo13inparagraph3?

A.Tointroducethenear-tragedyofApollo13.

B.Toexplaintheboundariesbetweennations.

C.Toshowtheimpactsofspaceprograms.

D.Toillustratetheproblemoffooddistribution.

4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofspaceprograms?

A.Hopeful.B.Challenging.C.Frustrating.D.Worrying.

ItwillbecomeabetterEarth,notonlybecauseofallthenew

technologicalandscientificknowledgewhichwewillapplytothe

bettermentoflife,butalsobecausewearedevelopingafardeeper

appreciationofourEarth,oflife,andofman.它,各成為——個(gè)更美好的

地球，不僅因?yàn)槲覀儗?yīng)用于改善生活的所有新的技術(shù)和科學(xué)知識(shí)，

而且因?yàn)槲覀冋诎l(fā)展對(duì)我們的地球、生命和人類(lèi)更深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)。

【點(diǎn)石成金】本句中notonly...butalso...意前，不但......而且......”,用

于連接兩個(gè)表示并列關(guān)系的成分，著重強(qiáng)調(diào)后者。becauseof后接名詞

或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞，because后接句子。

DirSylviaEarle:Aheroinefortheplanet

懈在：?厄爾

作為一位探險(xiǎn)家，她無(wú)畏艱險(xiǎn)，勤于追尋，無(wú)數(shù)次潛入深海，追尋

海洋的奧秘;作為一名環(huán)保主義者，她身體力行，用事實(shí)的陳述和誠(chéng)懇

的語(yǔ)言呼喚世人保護(hù)海洋、保護(hù)地球。

1Bornin1935inNewJersey,Dir.SylviaEarlehadanearlyinterestin

nature.Atanearlyage,EarleandherfamilyshiftedtoClearwater,

Florida.ThisallowedEarletowitnesstheGulfanditscoastswildlife.These

firsthandexperiencesallowedDir.Earletodevelopaunique

understandingandappreciationforallkindsofnatures.

2TheeducationaljourneyofDir.SylviaEarlewentsmoothly.Shegota

scholarshipfortheFloridaStateUniversityandsupportedherselfby

workingatcollegelaboratories.ShelatermovedtoDukeUniversityforher

master/sdegreeandreceivedherPhDfromthesameinstitution.

3Likemanywomenintheworkfield,Earlehadtocarryouttwowork

shiftseveryday：oneatherhomeandtheotheratheroffice.In1964,

shehadtoleavebehindherchildrenforasix-weekexpedition（遠(yuǎn)征）in

theIndianOcean.Then,in1968,shehadtotravelahundredfeetbelow

thewatersoftheBahamasinthesubmersible（潛水器）DeepDiver

whileshewasfourmonthspregnant!TheseshockingeffortsofEarlefor

thefieldofoceanography（海洋學(xué)）distinguishherfromotherscientists.

In1979,shebecamethefirstwomantowalktheoceanfloor381meters

belowthesurface.Wearingaspecializeddivingsuit,shewasabletowalk

freelywithoutadivetether（系鏈;拴繩）andasafebelt.In1982,she

foundedDeepOceanEngineering,acompanytobuildaninnovative

submersiblecraftthatcouldhelpexploreoceanlifeatgreaterdepththan

anormalSCUBAgear.Shealsoservedasachiefscientistandapioneerfor

beingwomanfortheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration.In

1990,shebecamethefirstfemalechiefscientistoftheUSNational

OceanicandAtmosphericAdministration.

4Aftergainingmuchrecognitionfromtheexpedition,Earlemovedon

towriteforNationalGeographic.UndertheNationalGeographicSociety,

sheledthefive-yearprogramofSustainableSeasExpeditionsfrom

1998-2002.Sheevenbecameaspeakertospreadawarenessabout

environmentaldegradationandotherissuessurroundingmarinelife.

5AlltheworkofEarleprovedtobequitebeneficialtotheworld.Sylvia

Earleis86yearsoldtoday,andherdreamistoachieve30percentofthe

oceanprotectionby2030andtohelptheoceanbodiesremainfirm.

[Reading][Check]

Choosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext

1.Whatdoparagraph1andparagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A.Individualinterest.

B.Familyinformation.

C.Personalbackground.

D.Educationalexperience.

2.Inwhatorderisparagraph3organized?

A.Time.B.Place.

C.Characters.D.Importance.

3.WhatcanweknowaboutEarleaccordingtothetext?

A.In1964,Earlehadasix-weekexpeditioninthePacificOcean.

B.In1968,Earlehadtotravelahundredfeetbelowthewaters.

C.In1979,Earlecouldwalkfreelywithoutanyspecialdivingsuit.

D.In1990,EarlebecametheleaderofDeepOceanEngineering.

4.Thetextfallsintothecategoryof.

A.newsreport,technologyandscience

B.lifestyle,celebrities

C.biography,environmentalscience

D.news,environmentalscience

5waystoreduceyourcarbonfootprintfromhome

減少家庵版跡批種方法

這5種方法可幫助你在日常生活中積極地減少碳足跡，實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)

發(fā)展。

1Theeasiestwaytobesustainableonaday-todaybasisisbytaking

activestrides（大步;步幅）towardsreducingyourcarbonfootprint.Here

arefiveeasymethodsyoucanconsider.

■StickingtothefiveRs

2Toreduceyourcarbonfootprintfromhome,youshouldlearnto

Reduce,Reuse,Recycle,RotandRefuse.Therearemanythingsyou

cando.Forexample,youcansetupalivecompost（堆月巴）bininyour

hometochangebiodegradablewasteintomanureorenergy.Itisan

excellenttechniquetoreducecarbonfootprint.Similarly,recyclingplastic

orglassobjectsorrepurposingtheminyourhomeisalsoeffective.

?Refusingsingle-useplastic

3Around17percentoftheglobalcarbonbudgetby2050willbe

consumedbyplastic,withoutanyintervention,asperastudy.Thisrise

intheuseofplasticcanbelargelyattributedtotherolesingle-useplastic

playsintheday-todayconsumption.Aneasywaytoreduceyourcarbon

emissionsisbysimplyswitchingfromusingsingle-useplasticitems,

especiallywaterbottlesandstraws,tothosemadeofreusablematerials

likemetalandwood.

?Switchingtomoresustainablemodesoffashion

4AstudyfromtheUnitedNationshasrevealedthat“fastfashion”has

contributedtonearly10percentoftheglobalgreenhousegasemissions.

Bymerelyshoppingless,optingtobuysecondhandclothesorpurchasing

fromcertifiedecofriendlylabelsyoucanreduceyourcarbonfootprint.

■Conservingwater

5Anothersimplewayissimplybyturningoffthetapwhenever

possible.Thisincludesshuttingoffthetapwhendoingroutinejobslike

brushingyourteethorshaving.Byactivelyimplementingthis,youwillbe

abletoconservewaterwithoutleavingbehindalargecarbonfootprint.

■Buyinglocalproduce

6Sustainabilityincludesusingresourcesthatarereadilyavailableto

youinyourenvironment.Onemethodinwhichyoucandrasticallyreduce

yourcarbonfootprintisbysourcingmostoftheingredientsusedinyour

kitchenlocally.Alargechunkofthegreenhousegasemissionsareinvolved

intheproductionoffoodthatcomesintransport.Bychoosingresources

locally,youwillbeabletoreduceyourcarbonfootprintefficiently.

[Reading][Check]

Choosethebestanswersaccordingtothet