DB43-T 2300-2022南高叢藍莓苗木繁殖技術(shù)規(guī)程

ICS65.020

CCSB61

43

湖南省地方標(biāo)準

DB43/T2300—2022

南高叢藍莓苗木繁殖技術(shù)規(guī)程

Codeofpracticeforseedlingpropagation

ofSouthernHighbushBlueberry

2022-03-02發(fā)布2022-05-02實施

湖南省市場監(jiān)督管理局發(fā)布

DB43/T2300—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范圍·····················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件······································································································1

3術(shù)語和定義············································································································1

4嫩枝扦插···············································································································1

5組培快繁···············································································································3

6煉苗·····················································································································4

7移植·····················································································································4

8容器苗管理············································································································4

9苗木分級與出圃······································································································5

10苗木包裝和運輸····································································································5

11苗木抽樣檢測········································································································5

12苗圃技術(shù)檔案········································································································5

附錄A（規(guī)范性）常見有害生物防治·············································································6

I

DB43/T2300—2022

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

請注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利，本文件的發(fā)布機構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識別專利的責(zé)任。

本文件由湖南省林業(yè)局提出。

本文件由湖南省林業(yè)標(biāo)準化技術(shù)委員會歸口。

本文件起草單位：湖南省植物園、耒陽星雨農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展有限公司、張家界立功旅游農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展有限公司、

懷化恒祺農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展股份有限公司、長沙智博生物科技股份有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：禹霖、吳思政、李建揮、柏文富、聶東伶、熊穎、嚴佳文、李柏海、曾志新、

羅雨秋、許玉泉、馮建國、李羅生。

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DB43/T2300—2022

南高叢藍莓苗木繁殖技術(shù)規(guī)程

1范圍

本文件規(guī)定了南高叢藍莓苗木繁殖的嫩枝扦插、組培快繁、煉苗、移植、容器苗管理、苗木分級與

出圃等技術(shù)要求。

本文件適用于南高叢藍莓的育苗。

2規(guī)范性引用文件

下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文件，

僅該日期對應(yīng)的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于本

文件。

GB/T6001育苗技術(shù)規(guī)程

LY/T1000容器育苗技術(shù)

LY/T2289林木種苗生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營檔案

LY/T2290林木種苗標(biāo)簽

3術(shù)語和定義

下列術(shù)語和定義適用于本文件。

3.1

南高叢藍莓SouthernHighbushBlueberry

南高叢藍莓是由北高叢藍莓和美國南方地區(qū)野生的越桔進行雜交、馴化而成。性喜濕潤、溫暖的氣

候條件,適宜在亞熱帶地區(qū)栽植。較北高叢藍莓,該品種群果實較大,鮮食口感好,是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)上重要

的栽培品種。主要品種有夏普藍、海濱、薄霧、奧尼爾等。

3.2

嫩枝扦插softwoodcutting

利用半木質(zhì)化的枝條進行扦插。

4嫩枝扦插

4.1圃地準備

選擇交通便利、排灌條件良好、地勢平坦、背風(fēng)向陽的地塊，用遮光率約為60％的遮陽網(wǎng)在圃地

上方搭建高1.8m～2m的雙層遮陽網(wǎng)。

4.1.1插床

插床四周用磚或水泥塊砌成，寬100cm～120cm，高20cm～25cm，長度因地制宜。床底高于或

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DB43/T2300—2022

平于地面，扦插基質(zhì)厚度為15cm～20cm。

4.1.2扦插基質(zhì)

黃心土與珍珠巖體積比1︰1混合。

4.1.3育苗容器

口徑13cm，深度為15cm無紡布營養(yǎng)袋。

4.2扦插時間

6月下旬至7月上旬為宜。

4.3插穗來源

藍莓采穗圃中無病蟲害的南高叢藍莓母樹。

4.4插前處理

4.4.1插床消毒

扦插前3d～5d，用0.3％～0.5％高錳酸鉀溶液或50％多菌靈800倍～1000倍液對床面進行噴灑

消毒殺菌，悶床2d～3d。

4.4.2插穗剪取

從當(dāng)年生枝條的中下部剪取粗度0.3cm～0.6cm、長度為8cm～12cm的插穗，插穗上端保持葉

片2片到4片。插穗上切口距芽上1cm左右平切，下切口距芽下0.5cm～1cm斜切，隨剪隨插。

4.4.3插穗處理

插穗基部1cm～3cm在1200mg/L的NAA（萘乙酸）溶液中浸泡60s。

4.5扦插

扦插前將基質(zhì)澆透水，扦插深度3cm～5cm，扦插株距為3cm～5cm，行距為4cm～6cm，直插。

4.6插后管理

4.6.1搭建拱棚

插后澆透水，搭建塑料拱棚，拱高60cm～80cm。

4.6.2水分管理

60d后將薄膜兩端打開通風(fēng)透氣，并拆掉1層遮光網(wǎng)。遇高溫干旱及時補水，雨后及時清溝排水，

保證苗圃地?zé)o積水。

4.6.3施肥

生根30d后，選擇晴天傍晚或陰天噴施1次濃度為0.3％～0.5％的尿素水溶液。

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5組培快繁

5.1外植體材料

南高叢藍莓半木質(zhì)化莖段。

5.2外植體處理

5.2.1枝條剪取

剪取南高叢藍莓半木質(zhì)化枝條，去掉上部葉片，剪成2cm～3cm長帶葉芽的莖段。

5.2.2沖洗、消毒

自來水中沖洗20s～30s，用75％酒精消毒2～3s，用無菌水沖洗3次，吸干水后在0.1％升汞

中消毒5s～8s，用無菌水沖洗3次，吸干水分，立即接種到誘導(dǎo)培養(yǎng)基中。

5.3培養(yǎng)基配方

誘導(dǎo)培養(yǎng)基：改良WPM+ZT1.0mg/L

增殖培養(yǎng)基：改良WPM+IAA0.1mg/L+ZT2.0mg/L

復(fù)壯培養(yǎng)基：改良WPM+IBA0.1mg/L

WPM具體改良為：以硝酸鈣684mg/L、硝酸鉀190mg/L、EDTA鐵鈉73.4mg/L和鹽酸硫胺素

0.1mg/L代替原WPM培養(yǎng)基中的硫酸鉀、氯化鈣、硫酸亞鐵和乙二胺四乙酸鈉。

5.4誘導(dǎo)培養(yǎng)

將處理好的莖段立即接種到誘導(dǎo)培養(yǎng)基中，在溫度為25℃，光照強度為2000lx，光照為12h/d～

16h/d條件下培養(yǎng)30d。

5.5增殖培養(yǎng)

將誘導(dǎo)培養(yǎng)獲得的苗剪成1.5cm～2cm長莖段轉(zhuǎn)接到增殖培養(yǎng)基中，在溫度為25℃，光照強度

為2000lx，光照為12h/d～16h/d條件下培養(yǎng)30d。

5.6復(fù)壯培養(yǎng)

將培養(yǎng)得到的苗剪成1cm～1.5cm莖段，轉(zhuǎn)接到壯苗培養(yǎng)基，復(fù)壯培養(yǎng)30d～40d，復(fù)壯苗高5cm～

6cm。

5.7瓶外生根培養(yǎng)

5.7.1生根苗床準備

經(jīng)過挑選，剔除了粗硬部分后，經(jīng)過挑選的細柔苔蘚作為苗床基質(zhì)，厚度5cm～7cm。

5.7.2扦插生根培養(yǎng)

將瓶中的復(fù)壯苗取出，用800倍多菌靈液中洗凈基部附著的培養(yǎng)基，剪成2cm左右莖段，用鑷子

扦插到準備好的苗床中，株行距2.5cm～3cm，培養(yǎng)50d～60d。

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5.7.3插后管理

插后管理同4.6。

6煉苗

10月下旬揭開遮陽網(wǎng)，煉苗，但遇干旱，需及時補充水分。

7移植

7.1容器苗圃地準備

苗床寬100cm～120cm，長度因地制宜。兩床之間設(shè)一條寬20cm～30cm、深10cm～20cm排水

溝兼步道。圃地四周設(shè)寬30cm～40cm、深20cm～30cm環(huán)通排水明溝，地面覆蓋園藝地布。

7.2移植基質(zhì)

泥炭土或腐殖土與黃心土1︰1混合，調(diào)節(jié)pH至4.5～6.0。

7.3移植時間

11月上中旬至次年2月下旬。

7.4移植方法

7.4.1取苗

用竹簽將苗輕輕挑起，放入容器中。保留根系上所帶泥土，隨取隨栽。

7.4.2栽植

栽培基質(zhì)盛入營養(yǎng)袋中1/2后，將幼苗帶土放入袋中，繼續(xù)添加移植基質(zhì)，輕提苗，做到苗正，根

系舒展，栽植后及時澆透水。

8容器苗管理

8.1除草

及時拔除營養(yǎng)袋中的雜草。

8.2水分管理

根據(jù)天氣情況適時澆水。夏季晴天，每天早上或傍晚澆水1次。

幼苗生長初期，宜小水勤澆，保持基質(zhì)濕潤；生長后期（夏末秋初），控制澆水；如遇降雨，及時

排水。

8.3施肥

容器苗萌動后，每株澆施0.3％～0.5％的尿素水溶肥1次，4月份開始，每個月選擇陰雨天每株施

0.3％～0.5％復(fù)合肥（N︰P2O5︰K2O=15︰15︰15，總養(yǎng)分︰≥45％），7月～8月停止施肥。

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DB43/T2300—2022

8.4常見有害生物防治

見附錄A。

9苗木分級與出圃

9.1苗木出圃

按照GB/T6001要求執(zhí)行。

9.2苗木分級

苗木分級見表1、2。

表1扦插苗木分級

苗木等級分枝（個）苗高（cm）地徑（cm）綜合指標(biāo)

一級苗≥3個分支≥40≥0.7生長良好

二級苗2～330～390.5～0.7生長良好

表2組培苗木分級

苗木等級分枝（個）苗高（cm）地徑（cm）綜合指標(biāo)

一級苗≥3個分支≥40≥0.5生長良好

二級苗2～330～390.3～0.4生長良好

10苗木包裝和運輸

按照GB/T6001要求執(zhí)行。

11苗木抽樣檢測

按照GB6000要求執(zhí)行。

12苗圃技術(shù)檔案

建立技術(shù)檔案，實行專人負責(zé)，做到準確及時填寫歸檔，長期保存。執(zhí)行LY/T1000、LY/T2289、

要求，建立檔案。

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DB43/T2300—2022

附錄A

（規(guī)范性）

常見有害生物防治

有害生物名稱危害部位防治方法

清除枯枝爛葉和雜草，以減小次年螨源。早春展葉后噴施三氯殺螨醇800倍或1.8％阿

紅蜘蛛葉片

維菌素乳油4000倍液。

冬季或早春清除枝干及樹皮上火土中的蟲繭，危害期及時摘除卵塊和蟲葉，噴施2.5％

刺蛾類葉片

溴氰菊酯1000倍液。

及時清除樹上和地上的爛果。糖醋液誘殺：用紅糖、醋、白酒、清水1∶2∶2∶4配成誘

蟲蠅果餌，裝于小礦泉水瓶中，在礦泉水瓶開兩個1cm打的孔，瓶口蓋嚴。掛于健壯的枝條上，

高于地面30cm，每畝掛30瓶。

鳥類果實超聲波驅(qū)鳥器驅(qū)趕鳥

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DB43/T2300—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范圍·····················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件······································································································1

3術(shù)語和定義············································································································1

4嫩枝扦插···············································································································1

5組培快繁···············································································································3

6煉苗·····················································································································4

7移植·····················································································································4

8容器苗管理············································································································4

9苗木分級與出圃······································································································5

10苗木包裝和運輸····································································································5

11苗木抽樣檢測········································································································5

12苗圃技術(shù)檔案········································································································5

附錄A（規(guī)范性）常見有害生物防治·············································································6

I

DB43/T2300—2022

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

請注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利，本文件的發(fā)布機構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識別專利的責(zé)任。

本文件由湖南省林業(yè)局提出。

本文件由湖南省林業(yè)標(biāo)準化技術(shù)