2025版高考英語總復(fù)習Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero教學(xué)案新人教版必修1

PAGEPAGE1Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernheroStep1課前打算——單元考點自查自測1.詞匯分層級識記過關(guān)2.語境活用填寫過關(guān)3.經(jīng)典句式背誦仿寫過關(guān)4.類詞巧積累事半功倍(一)分門別類攻單詞——識形辨意·拓展應(yīng)用

(二)寫用結(jié)合記短語——譯寫短語·語境活用(三)仿寫活用練句式——經(jīng)典句型·仿寫背誦Step2課堂探究——核心考點點點突破1.重點難點考點學(xué)通練透2.歸納總結(jié)拓綻開闊視野3.方法規(guī)律技巧權(quán)威點撥4.四平八穩(wěn)打創(chuàng)高效課堂第一時段Warmingup&Reading1．devotevt.獻身；用心于(與to連用)[教材原句]Agreatpersonissomeonewhodevoteshis/herlifetohelpingothers.一位偉人是能夠?qū)⒆约旱纳瞰I于幫助他人的人。(1)devote...to...把……奉獻于……devoteoneselfto(doing)獻身于……；致力于……(2)devotedadj.忠實的；深愛的bedevotedto(doing)．..用心于……；奉獻于……(3)devotionn.關(guān)愛；關(guān)照；奉獻；忠誠單句語法填空①Idon'tthinkweshoulddevoteanymoretimeto_______(persuade)suchastubbornmantochangehismind.②Heisa________(devote)fatherbecausehewasstrictwithhischildrenandencouragedthemwhentheywereintrouble.③His________(devote)tohiscountrywashighlythoughtofbythepeople.句型轉(zhuǎn)換④Shedevotedherselftothecauseofeducationandwaspraisedbythegovernment.→____________________________ofeducation,hewaspraisedbythegovernment.[答案]①persuading②devoted③devotion④Devotedtothecause2．a(chǎn)ttackvt.進攻；攻擊；抨擊n．攻擊；進攻；病情發(fā)作[教材原句]Wechosetoattackthelaws.我們選擇向法律進攻。(1)underattack遭到攻擊makeanattack攻擊aheartattack心臟病突發(fā)(2)attacksb.攻擊/抨擊某人beattackedwith患……單句語法填空①Thejudgesaidthatitwasnotlegal________(attack)otherpeoplewithviolence.②Hearinghisdaughterattacked________cancer,heburstintotears.完成句子③Whatwillyoudoifyouare____________？Wouldyouliketo________________onthosewhoattackyou?你受到攻擊時會怎么做呢？你會向攻擊你的人發(fā)起攻擊嗎？[答案]①toattack②with③underattack;makeanattack3．equaladj.相等的；同等的；相當?shù)模荒軇偃蔚膎．同等的人；相等物v．與……相等，等于；比得上[教材原句]ButIwashappytohelpbecauseIknewitwouldhelpusachieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.但是我樂于幫忙，因為我知道這將有助于我們實現(xiàn)使黑人和白人同等的幻想。(1)AequalsBin...在……方面A比得上Bbeequalto＋n./doingsth.等于；與……相等；勝任(2)equalityn.相等；同等equallyadv.相等地；同等地單句語法填空①Littlepleasurecanbeequal________thatofacooldrinkinhotsummer.②Myroommateequalsme________maths,buthisEnglishisbetter.完成句子③Anyman________________thetask,solongasheiscareful.只要細心任何人都能勝任這項任務(wù)。[答案]①to②in③willbeequalto[學(xué)問顧問](1)用作形容詞，意為“相同的”“相等的”，beequalto表示“等于”“能勝任”“能應(yīng)付”等，其中的to是介詞(其后接動詞時應(yīng)用動名詞)。(2)用作及物動詞，意為“等于”“比得上”等，equalsb.in...表示“在……方面比得上某人”，不要在其后加介詞to。(3)用作名詞，意為“相等的事物”“(地位等)相同的人”等，是可數(shù)名詞。4．introuble在危急、受罰、苦痛、憂慮等的境況中[教材原句]EliaswenttoseeNelsonMandelawhenhewasintrouble.當伊萊亞斯處于逆境中的時候他就去找納爾遜·曼德拉。askfortrouble自找麻煩；自尋苦惱getintotrouble陷入逆境maketrouble惹是生非；制造麻煩havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困難takethetroubletodosth.不辭辛苦地做某事單句語法填空①AlthoughMikewas________trouble,hedidn'tloseheart.②I'llneverforgetthetroubleIhad________(try)topersuadehimtoraisemoneyforthepoor.③Thankyouforthetroubleyou'retaken________(help)me.[答案]①in②trying③tohelp[易錯提示]introuble表示處于“麻煩”的狀態(tài)中，沒冠詞修飾，名詞用單數(shù)。5．turnto求助于；翻到(書的某頁)；致力于；起先從事；查閱；轉(zhuǎn)向[教材原句]WhydidNelsonMandelaturntoviolencetomakeblackandwhitepeopleequal?為什么納爾遜·曼德拉運用暴力以使黑人和白人同等呢？turndown關(guān)小；拒絕turnaway拒絕……入內(nèi)；把……打發(fā)走turnup出現(xiàn)；露面；調(diào)大turnout證明是；結(jié)果是；趕走；生產(chǎn)turnover打翻；翻身；移交單句語法填空①Inthedarkstreettherewasn'tasingleperson________whomshecouldturnforhelp.②Ipolitelyturned________hisrequestandleftwithouthesitation.③Hepromisedtoattendthepartybuthehasn'tturned________.④Itturned________thathewasinnocent.[答案]①to②down③up④out6．“only＋副詞”句式[教材原句]...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.……只有到這個時候，我們才確定用暴力抗拒暴力。(1)“only＋副詞”作狀語置于句首，句子采納部分倒裝形式。①Onlyyesterday________________thetruth,whichwasabigsurprise.昨天他父親才把真相告知他，這對他真是一個令人驚訝的消息。②Onlythen________________theimportanceofhealth.只有到了那時候，我才意識到健康的重要性。(2)“only＋介詞短語”作狀語放在句首，句子需用部分倒裝形式。③Onlybyunderstandingandlearningfromeachother________________thosedaystogetherhappily.只有通過相互理解彼此學(xué)習，我們才能一起快樂地度過那些美妙的日子。(3)“only＋狀語從句”放在句首，主句采納部分倒裝形式。④OnlywhenIgrewup______________________________theresponsibilityofbeingparents.只有當我長大了以后，我才理解了作為父母的責任。⑤Onlywhenhecameback________________thetruth.只有當他回來的時候，我們才知道了真相。(4)only修飾主語，即使放在句首也不倒裝。⑥Onlyshe___________________________inanhour.只有她能在一小時內(nèi)完成這個工作。[答案]①didhisfathertellhim②didIrealize③couldwespend④didIunderstand⑤didweknow⑥canfinishthework[方法規(guī)律](1)“only＋從句”放在句首時，倒裝的是主句，從句不倒裝。(2)only放在句首修飾主語時不用倒裝形式。語境串考點(語法填空)StephenHawking1.____________(attack)withmotorneuronediseaseandhewas2.____________trouble.Hefoughtagainsthisillnessandhis3.____________(devote)tosciencehadno4.____________(equally)intheworld.Butinhisdailylife,hesufferedalot.Only5.____________heturned6.____________acomputercouldhespeak,readandwrite.Inhiswholelifeheliveda7.____________(peace)lifeandtook8.____________activepartinexperimenting.Hesetanexampletothe9.____________(young).10.____________(sad)hediedon14th,March,2024.[答案]1.wasattacked2.in3.devotion4.equal5.when6.to7.peaceful8.an9.youth10.Sadly其次時段LearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage1．escapevi.逃脫；泄露n．逃跑，溢出，漏出[教材原句]Itwasaprisonfromwhichnooneescaped.那是一座任何人都逃不出來的監(jiān)獄。(1)escape(doing)sth.躲避(做)某事escapefrom從……逃脫(2)anarrowescape九死一生單句語法填空①Heescaped____________(kill)intheexplosionbecausehehadnotgonetowork.②Seeingthepoisonousgasescaping________thebrokenpipe,hesoundedthealarm.完成句子③Hehad_______________.Luckily,hewasableto____________theburningbuilding.他九死一生。幸運的是，他從失火的建筑物中逃了出來。[答案]①beingkilled②from③anarrowescape;escapefrom2．rewardn.&vt.酬勞；獎金；酬勞；獎賞[教材原句]TheysaidthatthejobandthepayfromthenewSouthAfricangovernmentweremyrewardafterworkingallmylifeforequalrightsfortheBlacks.他們說來自新南非政府的那份工作和薪水是對我一生為黑人的同等權(quán)利而奮斗的回報。(1)asareward(for...)作為(對……的)酬勞/獎賞inrewardfor為答謝……；作為……的嘉獎(2)rewardsb.forsth.因某事而獎賞某人rewardsb.withsth.用某物回報某人(3)rewardingadj.值得做的；有益的；有意義的單句語法填空①Shestartedsingingtothebabyand____________(reward)withasmile.②I'dliketodosomethinginreward________herkindness.③Whenaskedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingand________(reward)．[答案]①wasrewarded②for③rewarding3．loseheart丟失志氣或信念[教材原句]Thescientistfromwhomthegovernmentheardthebadnewsneverlostheartwhenhewasintrouble.那個告知政府壞消息的科學(xué)家在逆境中從來沒灰心過。(1)loseone'sheartto愛上……putone'sheartinto用心于learn...byheart記住……breakone'sheart使心碎；使某人難過(2)heartandsoul一心一意單句語法填空①Althoughbeatenbytheoppositeteam,theydidn'tlose________(heart)．②Helosthisheart________playingfootball.③Thoughheputhisheart________writingpoems,itseemedasifnothinghadbeenachieved.單句寫作④作為一名公務(wù)員，你應(yīng)當一心一意為人民服務(wù)。Asacivilservant,youshouldservethepeople_______________.[答案]①heart②to③into④heartandsoul4．cometopower當權(quán)；上臺；執(zhí)政[教材原句]IdidnotworkagainfortwentyyearsuntilMr.MandelaandtheANCcametopowerin1994.在曼德拉先生和非洲民族議會1994年掌權(quán)之前，我有20年沒有再工作。(1)beinpower當權(quán)；執(zhí)政comeintopower上臺；執(zhí)政；當權(quán)(2)doall/everythinginone'spowertodosth.竭盡所能做某事withinone'spower某人力所能及的beyondone'spower超出某人的實力單句語法填空①Hehasbeen________powerfortenyearsbuthedoesn'twanttoleaveoffice.②Afterhecame________power,themandevotedmostofhistimetosocietywork.③I'lldoeverythinginmypower____________(help)you.[答案]①in②to③tohelp5．setup建立；設(shè)立；創(chuàng)辦[教材原句]setuplawofficetohelppoorblackpeopleinJohannesburg設(shè)立律師事務(wù)所，為約翰內(nèi)斯堡的貧困黑人供應(yīng)幫助setdown登記；寫下setaside把……放在一邊；省出；留出setoff動身；動身；使爆炸setout動身；動身；著手做setaboutdoingsth.＝setouttodosth.起先做某事選用上述短語填空①You'dbetter____________whatyourteachersaidinclass.②Themomenthearrivedhome,he____________readingthebook.③Theyoungmanhopeshe'll____________hisownbusinesssomeday.④Thechildren____________fireworksduringthefestival.單句寫作⑤《中國好歌曲》搭建了一個舞臺，在這里一些人可以實現(xiàn)他們的幻想。TheSongofChinahas_____________________________wheresomepeoplecanachievetheirdreams.[答案]①setdown②setabout③setup④setoff⑤setupastage6．“thefirsttime”引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句[教材原句]IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.第一次給旅行團作講解時，我的心情很不好。(1)thefirsttime“第一次”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。①Hebecameinterestedintheyoungteacher'slesson____________heattendedhisclass.他第一次上課時就對這位年輕老師的課感愛好。(2)Itisthefirsttime＋that從句(從句中通常運用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài))和Itwasthefirsttime＋that從句(從句中通常運用過去完成時態(tài))，意為“這是第一次……”，其中that可省略。②Itwasthefirsttime(that)he____________severalleadersoftheWesternHemisphereatonetime.這是他首次在同一時間會見多位西半球國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。③ItisthefirsttimethatI____________suchaninterestingbook.這是我第一次讀這么好玩的書。[答案]①thefirsttime②hadmet③haveread[學(xué)問顧問](1)forthefirsttime意為“首次；第一次”，表示有生以來或一段時間內(nèi)第一次做某事，在句中一般單獨作狀語。(2)atthefirsttime是介詞短語，意為“在第一次”，僅僅是指出時間依次，一般狀況下已有多件同類型的事務(wù)發(fā)生過，而此處僅僅指的是第一次發(fā)生的時候，不強調(diào)“獨一無二”。語境串考點(短文改錯)JohnhadjustsetabouthisfactoryatfirsttimeImethim.Hebegedmetomanagehisbusiness.AssoonasIcametothepower,Isetouttoeducatingtheworkers,whowerenotallowedtoescapetheclassroom.Finallymyeffortswerereward.Alltheworkersweresoeducatingthattheyraisedtheproduction.Becauseofhigherquality,thegoodssoldwell.Throughmyexperience,Iknow“ifyoudon'tloseyourheart,you'llsucceedintime.”[答案]Johnhadjustseteq\o(about,\s\do15(up))hisfactoryeq\o(at,\s\do15(the))firsttimeImethim.Heeq\o(beged,\s\do15(begged))metomanagehisbusiness.AssoonasIcametoeq\o(the,＼)power,Isetouttoeq\o(educating,\s\do15(educate))theworkers,whowerenotallowedtoescapeeq\o(∧,\s\do15(from))theclassroom.Finallymyeffortswereeq\o(reward,\s\do15(rewarded)).Alltheworkersweresoeq\o(educating,\s\do15(educated))thattheyraisedtheproduction.Becauseofeq\o(higher,\s\do15(high))quality,thegoodssoldwell.Throughmyexperience,Iknow“ifyoudon'tloseeq\o(your,＼)heart,you'llsucceedintime.”Step3課后演練——學(xué)問實力鏈接高考Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofricetoimprovewater________(qualify)．[答案]quality2．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,the________(reward)wereworththedifficulttrip.[答案]rewards3．(2024·江蘇卷)Inafurthertwist,birthrateishighestinpoorly________ruralareasandlowestinhighly________urbanareas.(educate)[答案]educated;educated4．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsandweretoo________(violence)foruseatthetable.[答案]violent5．Behavinginthis________(self)and________(devote)manner,theselittlecreatureshavesurvivedonEarthformorethan140millionyears.[答案]selfless;devoted6．Althoughhemadeaseriousmistakeinhiswork，hewasluckytoescape________(fire)byhisboss.[答案]beingfired7．Idon'tthinkheisequalto________(do)thiskindofwork,soIcan'thirehim.[答案]doing8．TheescapeddriverdeclaredguiltymaybefinedamaximumofHK$25,000and________(sentence)toupto3yearsinprison.[答案]besentenced9．Qinghuauniversity，________(found)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.[答案]founded10．Hewas________greattrouble，sohehadtoturn________hisex-wifeforhelp,________madehimsodepressed.[答案]in;to;whichⅡ.單句改錯1．SuHuaisinvitedbyhisuncletovoteforonhiscousininthe“FutureSinger”competition.____________[答案]去掉on2．Althoughhedidn'tpasstheexamhedidn'tlosehisheart.____________[答案]去掉his3．Thelittlegirlwassoexcitedtobetakenabroadthefirsttime.____________[答案]在abroad后加for4．Itwasgenerousforhertopayforusthatday.____________[答案]第一個for→of5．ThiswasatimewhichtherewerenoTVsetsandmobilephones.____________[答案]which→when6．Thetimehehasdevotedinthepasttenyearstohelpthedisabledisnowconsideredtobeofgreatvalue.____________[答案]help→helping7．Onlyaftertheyhaddiscussedthematterforseveralhourstheymakeadecision.____________[答案]在hours后加did8．ThefirsttimewhenImethim,hewasworkingasasecretaryinabigcompany.____________[答案]去掉when9．Thispositionisequalsuitableforaschoolleaverorforsomebodywhohasworkexperience.____________[答案]equal→equally10．Shepretendedtobecalmbutasmatteroffactshewasmorethannervousatthetimeshewasbeingquestioned.____________[答案]在as后加aⅢ.依據(jù)提示詞及相關(guān)要求完成句子1．國慶節(jié)見證了人們在街上唱歌跳舞。(see)NationalDay__________________________________anddancinginthestreet.[答案]sawpeoplesinging2．只有這樣我們才能生活在一個舒適漂亮的環(huán)境中。(倒裝句)Onlyinthisway_________________________________________comfortableandbeautifulsurroundings.[答案]canwelivein3．第一次失去我最好的摯友的時候，我以為世界末日到了。(thefirsttime)_________________________________________,Ithoughtitwastheendoftheworld.[答案]ThefirsttimeIlostmybestfriend4．他是最終一個離開教室的學(xué)生。(序數(shù)詞＋名詞＋todo)Hewasthe_________________________________________theclassroom.[答案]laststudenttoleave5．這是一個我不愿上學(xué)的時期。(Itis/wasatimewhen...)Itwas___________________________Ihatedtogotoschool.[答案]atimewhen6．既然你不能回答這個問題，我會去問別人。(since)_________________________________________thequestion，Iwillaskothers.[答案]Sinceyoucan'tanswer高考題型分組訓(xùn)練閱讀理解板塊訓(xùn)練——重細微環(huán)節(jié)，練速度(限時：35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·浙江卷)In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam－poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy(識字)rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens'greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon(名人堂)ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf－dozenofthem.It'spartlytruethatDickens'styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It'spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit'salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.語篇解讀：本文通過敘述查爾斯·狄更斯對文學(xué)作品的貢獻，呼吁讀者在狄更斯200周年誕辰來臨之際，紀念狄更斯。1．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury?A．Theyweredifficulttounderstand.B．Theywerepopularamongtherich.C．Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.D．Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.[解析]細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。題目要求找出最能描述18世紀小說特點的選項，由文章第一段最終一句“Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad(小說在很大程度上被認為是愚蠢的、不道德的，或者簡直有害至極)．”可知，當時小說在人們心中毫無價值，因此選C。A選項中的difficulttounderstand以及B選項中的amongtherich在文章中并沒有出現(xiàn)，故解除A、B兩項。D選項中的mostlybywomen錯誤，文章中“oftenwithsomethinglike‘Byalady’”只是舉例說明有些作品沒有作者名字，而非小說主要由女士所著，因此解除D。[答案]C2．DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress________.A．hisreputationinFranceB．hisinterestinmodernartC．hissuccessinpublicationD．hisimportanceinliterature[解析]推理推斷題。其次段中“TodayDickens'greatnessisunchallenged.”表明，如今，狄更斯的地位是無可匹敵的；和盧浮宮的《蒙娜麗莎》相比是因為《蒙娜麗莎》很重要，這樣更突出狄更斯的重要性。再結(jié)合第三段查爾斯·狄更斯被世人推崇的緣由是他在文學(xué)方面的成就，故不難推想選D。文章沒有說狄更斯在法國的名聲，因此解除A項；B選項中的hisinterestinmodernart在文中未被提及，因此解除B項；C選項中的inpublication錯誤，因為本段主要講解并描述狄更斯在文學(xué)上的成就，所以解除C項。[答案]D3．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Torememberagreatwriter.B．TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C．Toencouragestudiesonculture.D．TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.[解析]寫作意圖題。由文章最終一段最終一句可知，作者在狄更斯200周年誕辰之際，呼吁大家理解狄更斯是如何使自己擁有持續(xù)影響力的，因此A項“紀念一個宏大的作家”正確。文章主要講解并描述狄更斯的文學(xué)影響力，而非介紹他的一篇英文小說，因此解除B項；C選項“激勵有關(guān)文化方面的探討”與文章主題不符，因此解除C項；D選項范圍太廣，與文章對狄更斯的介紹不符，因此解除D項。[答案]AB(2024·山東郯城二中教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測)ThereisalottolearnaboutthecreationsofBeatrixPotter—notonlyisshetheauthorandillustratorofoneoftheworld'smostfamouschildren'sbooks,TheTaleofPeterRabbit,butalsoapioneeringconservationistwiththespiritofascientist.“PottergrewupasthedaughterofawealthyVictorianfamily,butalongwithherbrotherwhofilledanentireflooroftheirlargehouseinLondonwithallsortsofanimals，”saidAnneLundin,aretiredprofessorfortheUW－MadisonSchoolofLibraryandInformationStudies.“Asanadult,shewasafrustratedbotanicalillustratorandscientist.Thatfieldwasnotopentoherbecauseshewasfemale，”Lundinsaid.Potterwasurgedtoturnthecharmingillustrationsandstoriesshewroteinletterstochildrenintobooks.Shewrote23booksinall—abodyofworkthathasinspiredplays,ballets,filmsandanastonishingamountofmerchandise.“TheTaleofPeterRabbitisprobablythemostfamouschildren'sbookintheworld,whichwaspublishedin1902andhasreallystoodthetestoftime.It'sbeentranslatedinto36languages.Theparentsandgrandparentswillshareitwiththenextgeneration，”saidLundin.Potteralsomadeamarkontheworldthroughherlandconservation.“Inmanyways,shewaslikePeterRabbit，venturingintoaworldofadventureandrisk.ShewithdrewfromLondonassoonasshestartedmakingsomemoneyonherbookstotheLakeDistrictandbecameanextremelyimportantfarmerandconservationist.Shepreservedandpassedon15farmsandover4,000acres,whichweregivenbacktothecountryasgiftsinthe20thcentury，”saidLundin.“Eventhoughshewasborn150yearsago,shewasamazinglymodern—herembracingofthenaturalworld，”commentedJenniferBlatchleySmith,anartisticdirectoroftheshowPeterRabbitTalestocelebratethe150thanniversaryofPotter'sbirth.語篇解讀：本文是一篇人物介紹類文章。主要講解并描述了BeatrixPotter的故事，BeatrixPotter不僅是一位聞名的作家、插圖畫家，還是自然環(huán)境愛護的先驅(qū)者和植物學(xué)家。由于Potter對于世界的貢獻，人們至今都在牢記她。4．WhathelpedBeatrixPottertowriteTheTaleofPeterRabbitsuccessfully?A．Herlifeandworkexperiences.B．Herspecialtyinanimated(動畫)pictures.C．Hersuccessinbecomingabotanicalscientist.D．Herinterestinanimalsinchildhoodalone.[解析]推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中“shewaslikePeterRabbit，venturingintoaworldofadventureandrisk”(她像兔子彼得一樣，在一個充溢冒險和危急的世界中探險)可知，BeatrixPotter是以自己在現(xiàn)實中的生活和工作經(jīng)驗為基礎(chǔ)來創(chuàng)作這本書的。故選A。[答案]A5．Whatdoestheword“frustrated”inthethirdparagraphmean?A．Disappointed. B．Devoted.C．Motivated. D．Inspired.[解析]詞義揣測題。依據(jù)畫線詞后面的“Thatfieldwasnotopentoherbecauseshewasfemale”可知，當時植物學(xué)領(lǐng)域是不對女性開放的，所以BeatrixPotter是比較懊喪的。故選A。[答案]A6．WhatisBeatrixPotter?A．Abotanistandartist.B．Anextremelyimportantfarmerandsuccessfulscientist.C．Awriter,conservationistandfarmer.D．Anartisticdirector.[解析]細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中“notonlyisshetheauthorandillustratorofoneoftheworld'smostfamouschildren'sbooks,TheTaleofPeterRabbit,butalsoapioneeringconservationistwiththespiritofascientist，”以及倒數(shù)其次段中“becameanextremelyimportantfarmerandconservationist”可知，BeatrixPotter是作家、插圖畫家、自然環(huán)境愛護者和農(nóng)夫。故選C。[答案]C7．Whydoestheauthorwritethearticle?A．IncelebrationofPotter's150thbirthday.B．InhonourofPotter'snewcontributions.C．InpraiseofPotter'sspiritofselflessness.D．InsupportofPotter'sbookpromotions.[解析]寫作意圖題。縱覽全文，全篇都在講解并描述主子公的生平事跡，再依據(jù)最終一段中的“Eventhoughshewasborn150yearsago,shewasamazinglymodern”及“anartisticdirectoroftheshowPeterRabbitTalestocelebratethe150thanniversaryofPotter'sbirth”可知，這篇文章是為了懷念Potter，為慶祝她150歲誕辰而寫的。故選A。[答案]ACStephenHawkingWarnsHumansMustLeaveEarthSoonProfessorStephenHawkingrecentlycameoutwithaseriouswarningforpeople.WhileattheStarmusFestival,afestivalinTrondheim,Norway,celebratingscienceandthearts,Hawkingwarnedpeoplethatthehumanraceisinseriousdanger.HawkingcriticizedPresidentDonaldTrumpfordenyingclimatechange.Thenthephysicistwarnedtheaudience,“Iamnotdenyingtheimportanceoffightingclimatechangeandglobalwarming,unlikeDonaldTrump,whomayjusthavetakenthemostseriousandwrongdecisiononclimatechangethisworldhasseen.”HawkingproposedthattheleadingcountriesshouldsendastronautstotheMoonbefore2024torestartamovementofmoreexplorationinspace.TheBBCreportedthatHawkingsuggestedthatwe“buildalunarbasein30years'timeandsendpeopletoMarsby2025”．AccordingtotheBBC,ProfessorHawkingsaid,“Spreadingoutintospacewillcompletelychangethefutureofhumanity.”Hecontinued,“Ihopeitwouldunitecompetitivenationsinasinglegoaltofacethecommonchallengeforusall.”Thephysicistsharedmoreideastomotivatetheyoungergenerationtocontinueexploringspace.Hawkingstated,“Anewandambitiousspaceprogramwouldexcite(youngpeople),andstimulateinterestinotherareas,suchasastrophysics(天體物理學(xué))andcosmology(宇宙學(xué))．”Hawkingalsorevealedhisvisionofotherformsofenergythatcouldmoveustoanewplanet.Hewarnedtheaudience,“TheEarthisunderthreatfromsomanyareasthatitisdifficultformetobepositive.”Hecontinued,“Ournaturalresourcesarebeingdrainedatanalarmingrate.Wehavegivenourplanetthedisastrousgiftsofclimatechange,risingtemperatures,reductionofthepolaricecaps,deforestation(濫伐森林),anddecimation(大批殺死)ofanimalspecies.Wecanbeanignorantandunthinking(考慮不周的)lot.”Theprofessorwarnedtheaudiencethatdoingnothingwouldleadnowhere.Hesaid,“Ifwesucceedwewillsendaprobe(航天探測器)toAlphaCentauriwithinthelifetimeofsomeofyoualivetoday.Itisclearthatweareenteringanewspaceage.Wearestandingatthethreshold(開端)ofanewera.Humancolonizationandmovingtootherplanetsisnolongersciencefiction,anditcanbesciencefact.”Hawkingadvisedtheaudiencetomovetootherworldsbecausewearerunningoutofspace.語篇解讀：文章引用了世界知名物理學(xué)及天文學(xué)家霍金的觀點，闡明白人類必需離開地球在太空中找一處新家的緣由。8．AccordingtoHawking,whatisthefirststepforhumanstospreadoutintospace?A．TosendpeopletoMars.B．Tobuildalunarbase.C．TosendastronautstotheMoon.D．Tochangethefutureofhumanity.[解析]細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段的第一句可知，人類要向太空擴展應(yīng)在2024年之前把宇航員送到月球以重啟太空探究，故選C項。[答案]C9．Theunderlinedword“drained”inParagraph5canbereplacedby“________”．A．speededup B．storedC．usedup D．explored[解析]詞義揣測題。由該詞前面的“naturalresources”和后面的“atanalarmingrate”可以推斷出，drain在這里是“用完，耗盡”的意思，故選C項。[答案]C10．WhatisHawking'sattitudetowardstheEarth'sfuture?A．Pessimistic. B．Confused.C．Positive. D．Indifferent.[解析]觀點看法題。由文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的“warned”以及第五段的內(nèi)容可以推斷出，霍金對地球的將來持悲觀的看法，這也是他提出人類要離開地球的緣由，故選A項。[答案]A11．ThereasonwhyhumansmustleavetheEarthsoonisthat________.A．theEarthisunderthreatandthehumanraceisinseriousdangerB．humanshavefoundotherformsofenergytomovetoanewplanetC．a(chǎn)newandambitiousspaceprogramwouldexciteyoungpeopleD．a(chǎn)stronautshavefoundabetterworldinspacethantheEarth[解析]細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第一段的其次句和第五段的其次句可知，人類必需離開地球的緣由是：人類處于危急之中，地球受到威逼，故選A項。[答案]AD(2024·遼寧沈陽高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測一)HillaryfailedtobepresidentofAmerica,butsheneverfailstoserveAmericaallherlife.HillaryDianeRodhamwasborninChicago,Illinois,onOctober26,1947，daughterofHughandDorothyRodham.SheandhertwoyoungerbrothersgrewupinParkRidge,Illinois.Anexcellentstudent,shewasalsoaGirlScoutandamemberofthelocalMethodistyouthgroup.Hillaryalsoenjoyedsportsandwasalwaysinterestedinpolitics.SheenteredWellesleyCollegein1965.Graduatingwithhighhonors,shemovedontoYaleLawSchool,wheresheservedontheBoardofEditorsoftheYaleReviewofLawandSocialAction.WhileatYale,shedevelopedherspecialconcernforprotectingthebestinterestsofchildrenandtheirfamilies.ItwastherethatshemetBillClinton,afellowstudent.HillaryleftWashingtonandfollowedherhearttoArkansas,marryingBillClintonin1975.ThecoupletaughttogetheronthelawschooloftheUniversityofArkansasatFayetteville.Theirdaughter,Chelsea,wasbornin1980.AsFirstLadyofArkansas,Hillarycontinuedtoworktirelesslyonbehalfofchildrenandfamilies.InadditiontochairingtheArkansasEducationStandardsCommittee,shefoundedtheArkansasAdvocatesforChildrenandFamilies.SheintroducedapioneeringprogramcalledtheHomeInstructionProgramforPreschoolYoungstersintoArkansas,whichtrainedparentstoworkwiththeirchildreninpreschoolpreparednessandliteracy.HillaryalsoservedontheboardoftheArkansasChildren'sHospital.Inrecognitionofherprofessionalandpersonalaccomplishments,HillarywasnamedArkansasWomanoftheYearin1983andArkansasMotheroftheYearin1984.Women'sInternationalCenterproudlypresentedtheLivingLegacyAwardtoHillaryRodhamClintonforhervastcontributionsinsomanyfields,especiallyhonoringherworkforwomenandchildren.語篇解讀：本文介紹了希拉里的相關(guān)狀況，包括她的家庭、所受的教化、事業(yè)以及為婦女和兒童做出的貢獻等。12．WherewasitthatHillarybegantoshowherconcernforchildren'sinterests?A．InChicago,Illinois.B．AtWellesleyCollege.C．InWashingtonandArkansas.D．AtYaleLawSchool.[解析]細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)其次句“WhileatYale,shedevelopedherspecialconcernforprotectingthebestinterestsofchildrenandtheirfamilies.”可知，在耶魯法學(xué)院時，希拉里就特殊關(guān)切兒童及其家庭的權(quán)益，故D項正確。[答案]D13．WhichofthefollowingwassetupbyHillary?A．TheArkansasEducationStandardsCommittee.B．TheArkansasAdvocatesforChildrenandFamilies.C．TheHomeInstructionProgramforPreschoolYoungsters.D．TheArkansasChildren'sHospital.[解析]細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中的“shefoundedtheArkansasAdvocatesforChildrenandFamilies”可知，希拉里成立了“阿肯色州維護兒童和家庭權(quán)益組織”，故B項正確。[答案]B14．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．BillClintonandHillarybothgraduatedfromWellesleyCollege.B．BillClintonandHillaryfoundedtheUniversityofArkansas.C．Hillarydidagreatdealforchildrenandwomenin