職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)理工類(lèi)a級(jí)模擬26

職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)理工類(lèi)A級(jí)模擬26

第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)

下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線(xiàn)，請(qǐng)為每處劃線(xiàn)部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接

近的選項(xiàng)。

1>Henrycannotresistthelureofdrugs.

A.abuseB.flavor

C.temptationD.consumption

2、Manyscientistshavebeenprobingpsychologicalproblems.

A.solvingB.exploring

C.settlingD.handling

3、Thesearetheirmotivesfordoingit.

A.reasonsB.excuses

C.answersD.plans

4、Theseprogrammesareofimmensevaluetooldpeople.

A.naturalB.fatal

C.tinyD.enormous

5、Thefoodisinsufficientforthreepeople.

A.instantB.infinite

C?inexpensiveD.inadequate

6、Theriverwidensconsiderablyasitbeginstoturnwest.

A.twistsB.stretches

C.broadensD,bends

7、Johniscollaboratingwithmaryinwritinganarticle.

A.cooperatingB.competing

C.combiningD.arguing

8、Butintheendheapprovedofourproposal.

A.undoubtedlyB.certainly

C.ultimatelyD.necessarily

9、InBritainandmanyothercountriesappraisalisnowatoolofmanagement.

A.evaluationB.efficiency

C.productionD.publicity

10>Thousandsofpeopleperishedinthestorm.

A.diedB.suffered

C.floatedD.scattered

11>Agreatdealhasbeendonetoremedythesituation.

A.maintainB,improve

C.assessD.protect

12>Andthecarsaretestedfordefectsbeforeleavingthefactory.

A.functionsB.faults

C.motionsD.parts

13、Hearingproblemsmaybealleviatedbychangesindietandexercisehabits.

A.removedB.cured

C.worsenedD.relieved

14、Foryoungchildren,gettingdressedisacomplicatedbusiness.

A.strangeB.complex

C.personalD.funny

15>Heisdeterminedtoconsolidatehispower.

A.strengthenB.control

C,abandonD.exercise

第2部分：閱讀判斷

下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供

的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句的信息文

中沒(méi)有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。

ComputerMouse

Thebasiccomputermouseisanamazinglycleverinventionwitharelatively

simpledesignthatallowsustopointatthingsonthecomputeranditis

veryproductive.Thinkofallthethingsyoucandowithamouselikeselecting

textforcopyingandpasting；drawing,andevenscrollingonthepagewith

thenewermicewiththewheel.Mostofususethecomputermousedailywithout

stoppingtothinkhowitworksuntilitgetsdirtyandwehavetolearnhow

tocleanit.Welearntopointatthingbeforewelearntospeak,sothemouse

isaverynaturalpointingdevice.Othercomputerpointingdevicesinclude

lightpens,graphicstabletsandtouchscreen,butthemouseisstillour

workhorse.

Thecomputermousewasinventedin1964byDouglasEnglehartofStanford

University.Ascomputerscreensbecamepopularandarrowkeyswereusedto

morearoundabodyoftextzitbecameclearthatapointingdevicethatallowed

easiermotionthroughthetextandevenselectionoftextwouldbeveryuseful.

Theintroductionofthemouse,withtheAppleLisacomputerin1983,really

startedthecomputerpublicontheroadtorelyingonthemouseforroutine

computertasks.

Howdoesthemousework?Wehavetostartatthebottom,sothinkupside

downfornow.Itallstartswithmouseball.Asthemouseballinthebottom

ofthemouserollsoverthemousepad,itpressesagainstandturnstwoshafts.

Theshaftsareconnectedtowheelswithseveralsmallholesinthem.Thewheels

haveapairofsmallelectroniclight-emittingdevicescalledlightemitting

diodes(LED.mountedoneitherside.OneLEDsendsalightbeamtotheLED

ontheotherside.Asthewheelsspinandaholerotatesby,thelightbeam

getsthroughtotheLEDontheotherside.Butamomentlaterthelightbeam

isblockeduntilthenextholeisinplace.TheLEDdetectsachangingpattern

oflight,convertsthepatternintoanelectronicsignal,andsendsthesignal

tothecomputerthroughwiresinacablethatgoesoutthemousebody.This

cableisthetailthathelpsgivethemouseitsname.Thecomputerinterprets

thesignaltotellitwheretopositionthecursoronthecomputerscreen.

Sofarwehaveonlydiscussedthebasiccomputermousethatmostofyou

probablyhaveorhaveused.Oneproblemwiththisdesignisthatthemouse

getsdirtyastheballrollsoverthesurfaceandpicksupthedirt.Eventually

youhavetocleanyourmouse.Theneweropticalmiceavoidthisproblemby

havingnomovingparts.

16>Mostcomputeruserswanttoknowhowthecomputermouseworks.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>Accordingtotheauthor,generalcomputerusersneednotknowhowthe

computermousewasinvented.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Thecomputermousederivesitsnamefromthecablethatgoesoutitsbody,

whichlookslikethetailofamouse.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>ThekeycomponentsofacomputermousearethetwoLEDs.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Whenanordinarycomputermousegetsdirty,ithastobereplacedwith

anewone.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>ThemostdurablecomputermiceonsalearetheIBMones.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Theopticalmouseissuperiortothebasiconeinthattheformerhas

nomovingparts.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：（1）第23?26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2?5段每段

選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題；（2）第27?30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選

項(xiàng)。

TransportandTrade

1Transportisoneoftheaidstotrade.Bymovinggoodsfromplaceswherethey

areplentifultoplaceswheretheyarescarce,transportaddstotheirvalue.Themore

easilygoodscanbebroughtoverthedistancethatseparatesproducerandconsumer,

thebetterfortrade.Whentherewerenorailways,nogoodroads,nocanals,andonly

smallsailingships,tradewasona,smallscale.

2Thegreatadvancesmadeintransportduringthelasttwohundredyearswere

accompaniedbyabigincreaseintrade.Biggerandfastershipsenabledatradeinmeat

todevelopbetweenBritainandNewZealand,forinstance.Quickertransportmakes

possiblemass-productionandbigbusiness,"drawingsuppliesfrom,andsellinggoods

to,allpartsoftheglobe.Bigfactoriescouldnotexistwithouttransporttocarrythe

largenumberofworkerstheyneedtoandfromtheirhomes.Bigcitystorescouldnot

havedevelopedunlesscustomerscouldtraveleasilyfromthesuburbsandgoods

deliveredtotheirhomes.Bigcitiescouldnotsurviveunlessfoodcouldbebroughtfrom

adistance.

3Transportalsopreventswaste.Muchofthefishlandedattheportswouldbe

wastedifitcouldnotbetakenquicklytoinlandtowns.Transporthasgivenusamuch

greatervarietyoffoodsandgoodssincewenolongerhavetoliveonwhatisproduced

locally.Foodswhichatonetimecouldbeobtainedonlyduringapartoftheyearcan

nowbeobtainedallthroughtheyear.Transporthasraisedthestandardofliving.

4Bymovingfuel,rawmaterials,andevenpower,as,forexample,throughelectric

cables,transporthasledtotheestablishmentofindustriesandtradeinareaswhere

theywouldhavebeenimpossiblebefore.Districtsandcountriescanconcentrateon

makingthingswhichtheycandobetterandmorecheaplythanothersandcanthen

exchangethemwithoneanother.Thecheaperandquickertransportbecomes,the

longerthedistanceoverwhichgoodscanprofitablybecarried.Countrieswithpoor

transporthavealowerstandardofliving.

5Commercerequiresnotonlythemovingofgoodsandpeoplebutalsothe

carryingofmessagesandinformation.Meansofcommunication,liketelephones,cables

andradio,sendinformationaboutprices,supplies,andchangingconditionsindifferent

partsoftheworld.Inthisway,advancedcommunicationsystemsalsohelptodevelop

trade.

A.Higherlivingstandard

B.Importanceoftransportintrade

C.Variousmeansoftransport

D.Birthoftransport-relatedindustriesandtrade

E.Roleofinformationintrade

F.Publictransportation

23、Paragraph2.

24、Paragraph3.

25、Paragraph4.

26>Paragraph5.

A.tosendgoodstovariouspartsoftheworld

B.atanytimeduringtheyear

C.hasgreatlypromotedtrade

D.isitpossibletoproduceonalargescale

E.thetransportofgoods

F.itispossibletoproduceonalargescale

27>Thedevelopmentofmodemmeansoftransport.

28>Onlywhengoodscanbecarriedtoallpartsoftheworldquickly.

29、Transporthasmadeitpossibleforpeopletoeatwhateverfoodtheywant

30、Inthetradeofmodemsocietythetransmissionofinformationplaysas

importantaroleas.

第4部分：閱讀理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

HowtoStartaSmallBusinessintheUS

PeoplefromothercountriesoftentakeAmericaasthe"landofopportunity11.

Americansztoo,believethatthecountrygivesnoendofchancestothose

whowanttoopentheirownbusinesses.Today,manyAmericansarestilltrying

hardtobecomesmallbusinesspeople,althoughonlyoneoutoftworemains

inoperationafterthefirsttwoyears.

Manypeoplestarttheirsmallbusinessesforthewrongreasons.Theywant

togetawayfromthepaperworkoftheirpresentjobs,ortoexchangethe

responsibilityoftheirpresentjobsforfreelifestyles.Butmore,notless,

paperworkandresponsibilitycomewithownershipofasmallbusiness.

ThomasistheownerofthenewsmagazineMotherEarth,whichisnowquite

successful.Hesaysthathehadtoworksixtyhourswithoutstoppingwhen

hewastryingtobringoutthefirstissue.

ThomashadwaitedforyearsafterhecameupwiththeideaforMotherEarth.

Duringthattime,hecollectedasmuchinformationashecouldabouthisbusiness.

Heborrowedbooksfromthelibrary,talkedtosuccessfulpeopleinthefield,

andbeganplanningcarefullytheamountofmoneyandthekindsandnumbers

ofsupplieshewouldneed.Whenhefinallyopenedwithacapitalof$1,500,he

setuphisofficeinthekitchenandhisprintingpressinthegarage.Owing

tohisdevotion（?A）tobusiness,histalent,andhisskillinmanagement,

MotherEarthnowhasacirculation（發(fā)彳亍量）of300,000.

NotallsmallbusinessesaredoingasfineasMotherEarthas50%ofthe

450,000thatstartinAmericaeveryyearfail.Stillz95%ofbusinessesin

theUScanbecalled"small".Altogetherthesebusinessesamountto40%of

America*sgrossnationalproduct（國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值）.

31>Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueofthesmall

businessesintheU.S.?

A.Allofthemclosedowninthefirsttwoyears.

B.Mostofthemfailwithinthefirsttwoyears.

C.Theyallmakebigprofits.

D.Onlyhalfofthemcontinuetooperateafterthefirsttwoyears.

32、Accordingtoparagraph2zmanypeoplestartsmallbusinessesinorder

to

A.doheavyworkorearnmoremoney

B.dolesspaperworkortakelessresponsibility

C.domorepaperworkortakelessresponsibility

D.dolightworkorlivequietlives

33、WhatpreparationsdidThomasmakebeforehestartedhisbusiness?

A.Hestayedathome.

B.Heborrowedmoneyfromabank.

C.Hemadeinvestigationsanddrewupaplan.

D.Hewroteabook.

34、Thomas1successcanbeattributedto_______.

A.histalentzhisskillinmanagement,andhisdevotiontohiswork

B.hisgoodluck

C.hisgoodrelationswithabusinessmanager

D.hisgoodtreatmentofhisworkers

35、HowmanybusinessesintheU.S.canbecalledHsmall"?

A.5%B.40%C.50%D.95%

弟一^扁

U.S.ScientistsConfirmWateronMars

NASAscientistssaidthatMarswascoveredoncebyvastlakeszflowing

riversandavarietyofotherwetenvironmentsthathadthepotentialtosupport

life.

LaboratorytestsaboardNASA*sPhoenixMarsLanderhaveidentifiedwater

inasoilsample.Thelander1sroboticarmdeliveredthesampleWednesday

toaninstrumentthatidentifiesvaporsproducedbytheheatingofsamples.

"Wehavewater,nsaidWilliamBoyntonoftheUniversityofArizona,lead

scientistfortheThermalandEvolved-GasAnalyzer,orTEGA."Thisisthe

firsttimeMartianwaterhasbeentouchedandtasted.H

TheroboticarmisacriticalpartofthePhoenixMarsmission.Itisneeded

totrenchintotheicylayersofnorthernpolarMarsanddeliversamplesto

instrumentsthatwillanalyzewhatMarsismadeof,whatitswaterislikez

andwhetheritisorhaseverbeenapossiblehabitatforlife.

Thesoilsamplecamefromatrenchapproximately2inchesdeep.Whenthe

roboticarmfirstreachedthatdepth,ithitahardlayeroffrozensoil.

Twoattemptstodeliversamplesoficysoilondayswhenfreshmaterialwas

exposedwerefoiledwhenthesamplesbecamestuckinsidethescoop.Mostof

1

thematerialinWednesdayssamplehadbeenexposedtotheairfortwodaysz

lettingsomeofthewaterinthesamplevaporizeawayandmakingthesoil

easiertohandle.

“Marsisgivingussomesurprisesz"saidPhoenixprincipalinvestigator

PeterSmithoftheUniversityofArizona.HWe*reexcitedbecausesurprises

arewherediscoveriescomefrom.Onesurpriseishowthesoilisbehaving.

Theice-richlayerssticktothescoopwhenpoisedinthesunabovethedeck,

differentfromwhatweexpected,fromalltheMarssimulationtestingwe*ve

donesofar.n

SincelandingonMay25zPhoenixhasbeenstudyingsoilwith,achemistry

lab,TEGA,amicroscope,aconductivityprobeandcameras.Thescienceteam

istryingtodeterminewhetherthewatericeeverthawsenoughtobeavailable

forbiologyandifcarbon-containingchemicalsandotherrawmaterialsfor

lifearepresent.

Themissionisexaminingtheskyaswellastheground.ACanadianinstrument

isusingalaserbeamtostudydustandcloudsoverhead.

"It*sa30-wattlightbulbgivingusalasershowonMars,nsaidVictoria

HipkinoftheCanadianSpaceAgency.

Afull-circle,colorpanoramaofPhoenix*ssurroundingsalsohasbeen

completedbythespacecraft.

“Thedetailsandpatternsweseeinthegroundshowanice-dominatedterrain

asfarastheeyecansee,"saidMarkLemmonofTexasA&MUniversity,lead

scientistforPhoenix1sSurfaceStereoImagercamera."Theyhelpusplan

measurementswe*remakingwithinreachoftheroboticarmandinterpretthose

measurementsonawiderscale.H

36、WhatwasdiscoveredbyNASA1sPhoenixMarsLanderonMars?

A.Vastlakes.

B.Flowingrivers.

C.Waterinasoilsample.

D.Livingthings.

37、Whydidthefirsttwoattemptstodeliversamplesfail?

A.Thesamplevaporizedaway.

B.Freshmaterialwasexposedtotheair.

C.Thesamplesgotstuckinsidethescoop.

D.Theroboticarmhitahardrock.

38、WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmeantbythewriter?

A.Scientistshavebeentryingtobreaktheice-richlayersofsoilon

Mars.

B.ScientistshavebeensurprisedbyhowthesoilonMarsbehaves.

C.Scientistshavebeentryingtofindoutifthereislifesupporting

materialonMars.

D.Scientistshavebeentryingtoknowifwaterice.willmelt.

39、Wherearethescientistsinvolvedintheresearchfrom?

A.TheyarefromAmerica.

B.TheyarefromCanada.

C.TheyarefrombothAmericaandCanada.

D.TheyarefromneitherAmericanorCanada.

40、WhichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebestdescriptionofPhoenix's

SurfaceStereoImagercamera,accordingtoyourunderstandingofthepassage?

A.Itimitateshumanvisionandisabletocapturethree-dimensionalimages.

B.Itimitateshumanvoiceandisabletorecordslightsoundswhiletaking

photos.

C.Ittakesclearphotosthatshoweverydetailoftheobject.

D.Itisthisparticulartypeofcamerathatcantakewideanglepictures.

第二篇

BlackHolesTriggerStarstoSelf-Destruct

Scientistshavelongunderstoodthatsupermassiveblackholesweighing

millionsorbillionsofsunscantearapartstarsthatcometooclose.The

blackhole1sgravitypullsharderonthenearestpartofthestar,animbalance

thatpulls*thestarapartoveraperiodofminutesorhourszonceitgets

closeenough.

Scientistssaythisunevenpullingisnottheonlyhazardfacingthestar.

Thestrainoftheseunbalancedforcescanalsotriggeranuclearexplosion

powerfulenoughtodestroythestarfromwithin.MatthieuBrassartand

Jean-PierreLuminetoftheObservatoiredeParisinMeudon,Francelzcarried

outcomputersimulationsofthefinalmomentsofsuchanunfortunatestar1s

life,asitveeredtowardsasupermassiveblackhole.

Whenthestargetscloseenough,theunevenforcesflattenitintoapancake

shape.Somepreviousstudieshadsuggestedthisflatteningwouldincrease

thedensityandtemperatureinsidethestarenoughtotriggerintensenuclear

reactionsthatwouldtearitapart.Butotherstudieshadsuggestedthatthe

picturewouldbecomplicatedbyshockwavesgeneratedduringtheflattening

processandthatnonuclearexplosionshouldoccur.

Thenewsimulationsinvestigatedtheeffectsofshockwavesindetailz

andfoundthatevenwhentheireffectsareincluded,theconditionsfavor

anuclearexplosion.nTherewillbeanexplosionofthestar—itwillbecompletely

destroyed,"Brassartsays.Althoughtheexplosionobliteratesthestar,it

savessomeofthestar1smatterfrombeingdevouredbytheblackhole.The

explosionispowerfulenoughtohurlmuchofthestar1smatteroutofthe

blackhole*sreach,hesays.

Thedevouringofstarsbyblackholesmaya1readyhavebeenobserved,although

atamuchlaterstage.Itisthoughtthatseveralmonthsaftertheeventthat

ripsthestarapartzitsmatterstartsswirlingintotheholeitself.Itheats

upasitdoesso,releasingultravioletlightandX-rays.

Ifstarsdisruptednearblackholesreallydoexplode,thentheycould

inprincipleallowtheseeventstobedetectedatamuchearlierstage,says

JulesHalpernofColumbiaUniversityinNewYork,US2.'*Itmaymakeitpossible

toseethedisruptionofthatstarimmediatelyifitgetshotenough,"he

says.

Brassartagrees."PerhapsitcanbeobservedintheX-raysandgammaraysz

butit*ssomethingthatneedstobemorestudied,"hesays.Supernovaresearcher

ChrisFryeroftheLosAlamosNationalLaboratoryinLosAlamoszNewMexico,

US3,saysthedeathsofthesestarsaredifficulttosimulate,andheisnot

surewhethertheresearchershaveproventheircasethattheyexplodeinthe

process.

41>Somethingdestructivecouldhappentoastarthatgetstooclosetoa

blackhole.WhichofthefollowingdestructivestatementsisNOTmentioned

inthepassage?

A.Theblackholecouldtearapartthestar.

B.Theblackbolecouldtriggeranuclearexplosioninthestar.

C.Theblackholecoulddwindleitssizeconsiderably.

D.Theblackholecoulddevourthestar.

42、Accordingtothethirdparagraph,researchersdifferedfromeachother

intheproblemof.

A.whethernuclearreactionwouldoccur.

B.whetherthestarswouldincreaseitsdensityandtemperature.

C.whethershockwaveswouldoccur.

D.whethertheunevenforceswouldflattenthestars.

43、Accordingtothefourthparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Nonuclearexplosionwouldbetriggeredinsidethestar.

B.Thestarwouldbedestroyedcompletely.

C.Muchofthestar1smatterthrownbytheexplosionwouldbebeyondthe

blackhole*sreach.

D.Theblackholewouldcompletelydevourthestar.

44、Whatwillhappenseveralmonthsaftertheexplosionofthestar?

A.Thestar1smatterwillmovefurtherawayfrombytheblackhole.

B.Theblackhole1smatterwillheatup.

C.Thetornstar*smatterwillswirlintotheblackhole.

D.Theblackhole*smatterwillreleaseultravioletlightandX-rays.

45、Accordingtothecontext,theword'disruption"inParagraph6means：