考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷10（共205題）

考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷10（共9套）（共205題）考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共25題，每題1.0分，共25分。)Thatmythicalbeast,homoeconomicus,otherwisecalledEconomicman,isutterlyclearaboutthepurposeofwork:togetpaid.Heiskeeneronleisurethanonwork,andifmoneycanbegotwithouteffort,hedownstools.Ifrealpeoplefeelthesame,thenbountifulout-of-workbenefitsshouldbefoundinthesameplacesaswork-shycitizens.Yetacross-countrycomparisonofbenefitsandattitudestoworkpublishedonJanuary28thfindspreciselytheoppositepattern.Researchersranked13countriesaccordingtotheirgenerosity(measuredbycomparingtypicalbenefitstothoseoutofworkwiththeaveragewageofaproductionworker)andtheircitizens'commitmenttowork(gaugedbyaskingwhethertheywouldworkiftheydidnotneedthecash,andwhethertheyregardedajobasmerelyawaytoearnaliving).Theyfoundthatthemoregenerousastateisthekeeneronworkitspeopleare.Britons,whosebenefitswerethestingiest(mostungenerous)afterthosethatAmericansget,wereleastkeenofallonwork.Onereasonmaybetheskillsmake-upoftheBritishworkforce.Theresearchersfound,logicallyenough,thatprofessionalsandgraduatesweremorepositiveaboutworkthantheunskilledandnon-graduates.FewerBritonsthanNorwegians(whocametoponworkcommitment)haveprofessionaljobsordegrees.Butthisdoesnotentirelyexplaintheircomparativeimmunitytotheattractionsoftoil:Britonsofeverysocialclassandlevelofeducationwerelesskeenonworkthantheircounterpartselsewhere.Couldthe"dependencyculture"currentlyexercisingBritishpoliticiansbesolvedbyraisingbenefits?Unlikely,saysAlisonPark,editoroftheannualBritishSocialAttitudesReport,inwhichthestudyappeared:attitudestoworkvaryfromcountrytocountryformanyreasons.Thereportstatesthatthelavishnessofwhatthereportterms"encompassing"states,allNordicwithLutherantraditions,mayhavebeenmadepossiblebyastrongworkethic,ratherthanastrongercommitmenttoworkhavingemergedasaresultofit.Andworkincentivesareaffectedbyfeaturesofwelfaresystemsotherthanoverallgenerosity:"corporatist"statessuchasGermany,whichpayhigherbenefitstothosewithalongerworkhistory,maybeencouragingpositiveattitudestoworkbysuchconditionality.Britain'spoorbenefits,bycontrast,arelargelyindependentofpreviousemployment,whichmaymeantheyareseenasanalternativetowork,ratherthanasoneofthegoodthingsthatflowfromit.1、HomoeconomicusischaracterizedasA、economical.B、lazy.C、leisure-obsessed.D、benefits-driven.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)Homoeconornicus定位到第一段。其中講到“經(jīng)濟(jì)人”深諳工作的目的——獲得報酬，言外之意是其只受利益驅(qū)使，故D項正確。2、Whatcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraph?A、Thekeeneronworkitspeopleare,themoregenerousastateis.B、Peoplewhoarekeenonworkwillmaketheirstategenerous.C、ThebenefitswhichBritonsgetwerethestingiest.D、AmericansgotstingierbenefitsthanBritonsdid.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點解析：推理判斷題。答案在第二段。最后一句話提到“英國人緊隨美國人之后，獲得的福利最微薄”，故C項正確。3、Bysaying"theircomparativeimmunitytotheattractionsoftoil"(Line4,Paragraph3),theauthormeansA、Britonsarehealthyenoughnottofeelill.B、Britonshavegoodimmunesystem.C、Britonsarenotkeenonwork.D、Britonsareafraidofhardwork.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點解析：語義理解題。答案在第三段第五行。該句中冒號后面的內(nèi)容是對前半句的解釋，即“每個社會階層，每個教育層次的英國人對工作都更缺乏熱情”，因此C項正確。4、AccordingtotheBritishSocialAttitudesReport,"encompassing"statesaregenerousduetoA、thedependencyculture.B、astrongworkethic.C、theriseofbenefits.D、variousworkingattitudes.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。考查因果細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)“encompassing”states定位到第四段。根據(jù)原文中l(wèi)avishness…h(huán)avebeenmadepossibleby…可知by后的內(nèi)容即為答題信息點。主要涉及對ratherthan詞組的理解：否定它后面的，肯定前面的astrongworkethic，因此B項正確。5、GermanyismentionedinthelastparagraphtoshowthatA、Germanypayshigherbenefitstothosewithalongerworkhistory.B、corporatiststateslikeGermanyprovidebetterbenefitsthanBritain.C、welfaresystemisalsolikelytoinfluenceworkincentives.D、Germanyencouragespositiveworkattitudesbypayinghigherbenefits.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。考查例證細(xì)節(jié)。德國的例子表明“工齡較長的人能獲得更好的福利”。這實際上是為了說明該段中心句“工作的動力還會受到福利體制的特點影響”，因此C項正確。AstheSenatepreparestovoteonlegislationtoempowertheFoodandDrugAdministrationtoregulatetobaccoproducts,itsmemberswouldbewisetoconsultarecentappealscourtdecision.Thedecisionmakesitclearthatthetobaccocompanieshaveengagedindeceitfulandharmfulbehaviorformanydecadesandcannotbetrustedtoreformontheirown.Regulatoryoversightisthebestchancetoreinthemin.Theunanimousrulingbyathree-judgepaneloftheUnitedStatesCourtofAppealsfortheDistrictofColumbiaupheldmajorelementsofa2006lowercourtdecisionthatfoundbigtobaccocompaniesguiltyofracketeeringandfraudaspartofaprolongedcampaigntodeceiveandaddictthepublic.That1,742opinion,renderedbyJudgeGladysKessler,laidoutinpainstakingdetailhowthetobaccocompaniesmadefalsestatementsandsuppressedevidencetodenyorplaydowntheaddictivequalitiesandtheadversehealtheffectsofsmoking.JudgeKesslerfoundthatthecompaniesmanipulatedthedesignofcigarettestodeliveraddictivedosesofnicotine,falselydeniedthatsecondhandsmokecauseddiseaseandfalselyrepresentedthatlightandlow-tarcigarettespresentedfewerhealthrisks.Theappealscourtnotonlyupheldherdecisionaslegallysound,itseemeddeeplyimpressedbythe"volumesofevidence"and"countlessexamplesofdeliberatelyfalsestatements"underlyingmanyofJudgeKessler'sfindings.Italsoupheldsomebutnotallofthemarketingrestrictionsandotherrequirementssheimposedtopreventthecompaniesfrommakingfuturefalseclaimsandengaginginadditionalfraudulentactivities.Thecompaniesprotestedthattheyshouldnotbesubjectedtosuchrequirementsbecausetheyhadalreadyagreedtonumerousremediesunderasettlementagreementwith46statesandtheDistrictofColumbia.Theappealspanelwasrightlyunimpressed.Itupheldthedistrictcourt'sfindingsthatafterthesettlementwentintoeffectin1998,thecompaniesalmostimmediatelybegantoevadeandviolatevariousprohibitionsagainstjointactivitiesandfalsestatements.TheHousehasalreadyvotedtogivetheF.D.A.powertoregulatetobacco.Senators,whoaregettingreadytovoteonsimilarlegislation,nowhavefairwarning,iftheyneededanymore,thatthisisadishonestindustry.Itcan'tbetrustedtobehaveresponsiblyorevenadheretoagreementsithassigned.ItistimetogranttheF.D.A.thepowertoregulatethecontentandmarketingoftobaccoproducts.6、Whywoulditbewiseforthesenatorstoconsultarecentappealscourtdecisionbeforevoting?A、Itrevealstosenatorstobaccocompanies’incompetenceinself-discipline.B、Itmakesthesenatorslearnhowprofitablethetobaccoindustryis.C、Ithelpsthesenatorsrealizethenecessityofregulatoryoversight.D、Itpointsoutthattobaccocompanieshavebeenliarsformanydecades.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題?？疾橐蚬?xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)wise定位到第一段，其中最后一句明確說明對煙草公司進(jìn)行監(jiān)管是必要的，可見之所以說這樣做是“明智的”，是由于這項裁決能讓參觀員認(rèn)識到對煙草行業(yè)進(jìn)行監(jiān)管的必要性，并促使他們投上贊成票，故C項正確。7、WecaninferfromJudgeKessler’sfindingsthatA、tobaccocompaniesachievecustomeraddictionatthecostoftheirhealth.B、theadversehealtheffectsofsmokinghavebeenchronicallyunderestimated.C、racketeeringandfraudhaveblindedthetobaccocompaniesforalongtime.D、thediseasescausedbysecondhandsmokehavebeencarelesslydenied.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)JudgeKessler定位到第二、三段，原文laidout等指示詞后面的內(nèi)容即暗示了JudgeKessler對煙草公司的態(tài)度，A項是對煙草公司欺騙行徑的總結(jié)。8、TherestrictionsandrequirementsimposedbyJudgeKesslerA、haveentirelybeenapprovedbytheappealscourt.B、willimmediatelybeviolatedbythetobaccocompanies.C、severelyoverlapwiththeprevioussettlementagreement.D、aremeanttopreventtobaccocompaniesfromdeceiving.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)restrictionsandrequirements定位到第四段。原文說JudgeKessler提出這些限制和要求的目的是為了防止煙草公司今后再進(jìn)行虛假宣傳以及從事其他的欺詐行為，D項說明的目的符合原文。9、Theword"rightly"(Line3,Paragraph5)canbebestreplacedbyA、justly.B、understandably.C、evidently.D、appropriately.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點解析：語義理解題。根據(jù)題干定位到第五段。這類題型需要根據(jù)上下文推斷出詞義。此處rightly應(yīng)意為“正當(dāng)?shù)亍睍r，這里是指由于煙草公司1998年立即違反規(guī)定的行徑，法院對其抗議給予正當(dāng)?shù)哪?。四個選項中與法院最相關(guān)的詞是justly(正當(dāng)?shù)?，也可以由此推測A項正確。10、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A、Self-regulatedTobaccoIndustryB、OnceaLiar,AlwaysaLiarC、WatchYourVote,SenatorsD、ADishonestIndustry標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點解析：全文主旨題。根據(jù)文章大意，D項dishonest一詞最能表明煙草行業(yè)的實質(zhì)，與全文內(nèi)容最為貼切。Therealizationthatcoldscankillhasrenewedinterestinfindingvaccinesandtreatments.Thetroubleisthatthecommoncoldiscausednotbyonevirusbutbyhundredsofdifferentones.Thismeansavaccineordrugthatworksagainstoneoftheseviruses,oronefamilyofviruses,isusuallyineffectiveagainstalltheothers.What'smore,becausecoldsareusuallysomild,iftreatmentscauseevenminorsideeffectstheycanbeworsethanthedisease.Suchtreatmentswillnevergetapprovalforgeneraluse,whichiswhymostcompaniesinsteadfocusondrugsthatrelievesymptoms.Nevertheless,somedrugsandvaccinesarebeingdevelopedagainstthecoldvirusesmostlikelytoturnnasty.AvaccineagainstRespiratorySyncytialVirus(RSV),aviruswhichcancauseseriousillnessinyoungchildrenandtheelderly,isgoingthroughclinicaltrials.Itconsistsofaweakenedstrainofthevirusgivenasanasalspray.AtreatmentforRSVinfections,basedonRNA.interference,isalsoindevelopment.However,treatmentsforspecificvirusesareuselessunlessyourcoldiscausedbythevirusinquestion—anddoctorshavenoquickwaytoworkoutwhichvirusistoblameforacold.Systemstodothisareunderdevelopment,mostlybasedonlookingforspecificDNA.orRNA.sequences,butnoneareneartoreachingthemarket.Analternativeapproachwouldbetokeeptakingdrugsthatpreventinfectionthroughoutthecoldseason,suchasaderivativeoftheanti-smallpoxdrugcidofovirwhichhasbeenshowntocombatadenoviruses,virusesthatcancauseupperrespiratoryinfections.Butagain,asadenovirusesareonlyresponsibleforafewpercentofcolds,thebenefitshardlyjustifytheexpenseandriskofsideeffectsfromremainingonadrugpermanently.Shortofeveryoneontheplanetisolatingthemselvesfortwoorthreeweeks,soexistingcoldvirusesrunoutofhostsanddieout,itishardtoseehowwecaneverdefeatthecommoncold.Eventhen,newcoldviruseswouldevolveintimefromanimalviruses.Someevenquestionwhetheritisdesirabletotrytoeliminatecolds."It'sblindspeculation,"saysJoelWeinstockofTuftsUniversityinBostonintheUS,"butthecommoncoldmayprotectusfrommoreseriousviruses."Anoccasionalsnifflemightbeapriceworthpayingifitkeepsourimmunedefensesprimed.11、ThedrugsagainstcoldsareusuallyineffectivebecauseA、coldsareusuallynotserious.B、drugscanonlyrelievetheillness.C、drugsagainstsomeviruseshavesideeffects.D、hundredsofvirusescanleadtocolds.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題?？疾橐蚬?xì)節(jié)，根據(jù)ineffective定位到第一段。其中講到引發(fā)普通感冒的不是一種病毒，而是幾百種不同的病毒，故D項與之相符。12、Thephrase"turnnasty"(Line2,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeansthatthecoldvirusescouldbeA、unpleasantanddisgusting.B、fruitlessanddisappointing.C、dangerousandsevere.D、ineffectiveandpainful.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點解析：語義理解題。根據(jù)題干定位在第二段。mostlikelytoturnnasty是定語，修飾前面的coldviruses，上文說coldscankill(感冒可致人死亡)，下文例證提到RSV病毒可使老人、兒童患重疾，由此可推知turnnasty表示感冒病毒會“越變越危險”，故選C項。13、ItcouldbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthatA、specificDNAorRNAsequencesaredevelopedtodetecttheviruses.B、itisnotaquickwaytolookforDNAsequences.C、systemstodetectvirusesareworkingtoenterthemarket.D、treatmentsforsomespecificvirusaresuccessful.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段。其中講到治療特定病毒的藥物絲毫不起作用，除非感冒是由被懷疑病毒所致，故D項正確，表示針對某些特定病毒的治療是有效的。14、KeepingtakingdrugsthatpreventinfectionthroughoutthecoldseasonwillA、cureinfectioncompletely.B、becomeinexpensiveinthelongrun.C、increasetheriskofaddictiontodrugs.D、havemoresideeffectsthanotherchoices.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段。最后一句明確指出，這種方法可能帶來某種風(fēng)險，即藥物性依賴這一副作用，故C項與之相符。15、AccordingtoJoelWeinstock,it’simpossibleandunnecessarytoA、trytogetridofthecommoncold.B、producevaccinestodefeatcold.C、protectusfromcommoncold.D、protectusfrommoreseriousviruses.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點解析：觀點態(tài)度題。屬于文中人物的觀點，從最后一段可以推斷出喬爾.溫斯托克認(rèn)為普通感冒也可能給人帶來一些益處，原文的“盲目的推斷”表明試圖消除感冒是不可能的，也是沒有必要的，A項正確。Theirdefenderssaytheyaremotivated,versatileworkerswhoarejustwhatcompaniesneedinthesedifficulttimes.Toothers,however,themembersof"GenerationY"—thoseborninthe1980sand1990s,otherwiseknownastheNetGeneration—arespoiled,narcissisticidlerswhocannotspellandwastetoomuchtimeoninstantmessagingandFacebook.Ah,replytheNetGeners,butallthatmessingaroundonlineprovesthatwearecomputer-literatemulti-taskerswhoareadeptusersofonlinecollaborativetools,andnaturalteamplayers.And,whileyouareonthesubjectofme,Ineedamonth'svacationtoreconsidermypersonalgoals.Thiscultureclashhasbeengoingoninmanyorganizationsandhaslatelyseepedintomanagementbooks.TheNetGenershavegrownupwithcomputers;theyarebrimmingwithself-confidence;andtheyhavebeenencouragedtochallengereceivedwisdom,tofindtheirownsolutionstoproblemsandtotreatworkasaroutetopersonalfulfillmentratherthanmerelyawayofputtingfoodonthetable.Notallofthismakesthemeasytomanage.Bossescomplainthatafterachildhoodofbeingspoiledandpraised,NetGenersdemandfarmorefrequentfeedbackandanover-precisesetofobjectivesonthepathtopromotion.InanewreportfromPricewaterhouseCoopers,aconsultancy,61%ofchiefexecutivessaytheyhavetroublerecruitingandintegratingyoungeremployees.Forthosehard-to-pleaseoldermanagers,thecurrentrecessionisthejoyfulequivalentofhidinganalarmclockinasleepingteenager'sbedroom.Onceagain,thetouchy-feelymanagementfadsthatalwaysspringupinyearsofplentyarebeingditchedinfavorofmorebrutalcommand-and-controlmethods.Havinggrownupingoodtimes,NetGenershavelaboredundertheillusionthattheworldowedthemaliving.Buthoppingbetweenjobstofindonethatmeetsyourinnerspiritualneedsisnotsoeasywhentherearenojobstohopto.Andasforthatvacation:here'sapermanentone,sunshine.Infact,compromisewillbenecessaryonbothsides.NetGenerswillcertainlyhavetolowersomeoftheirexpectationsandtaketheworldasitis,notastheywouldlikeittobe.Buttheirolderbossesshouldalsobepreparedtomakeconcessions.Theeconomywilleventuallyrecover,anddemographictrendsinmostrichcountrieswillmakecleveryoungworkersevenmorevaluable.Besides,manyofthethingsthatkeepNetGenershappyareworthdoinganyway.Butforthemomentatleast,theFacebookersareunderheavycriticism.16、IntheeyesofthecriticsoftheNetGeneration,theNetGenersarecharacterizedasA、aimlessandincompetent.B、self-isolatedandarrogant.C、self-centeredandindulged.D、selfishanduncooperative.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點解析：判斷推理題?？疾橛^點思想。答案在第一段第二、三兩句。句中講到：然而，對其他人而言，“Y一代”——那些80后、90后，或稱為“網(wǎng)絡(luò)一代”——是被寵壞的一代。他們自戀而懶散……，故C項“以自我為中心義放任的”符合文意。17、AccordingtoParagraph2,NetGenersarenoteasytomanageinthatA、they’veattachedtoomuchimportancetothepersonalfulfillment.B、they’vebeencourageousenoughtochallengetheauthorities.C、they’vehadexcessiveconfidenceinthemselves.D、they’verequiredexcessiveresponsesandgoals.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。答案在第二段。文中提到如今的老板們對網(wǎng)絡(luò)一代頗有微辭，因為他們在職場的晉升之路上需要更頻繁的反饋和過度詳細(xì)的日標(biāo)，D項符合內(nèi)容。18、Theword"touchy-feely"(Line2,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeansA、caring.B、cold-blooded.C、recklessD、interesting.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點解析：語義理解題。答案在第三段。touch本身表示觸覺，feel表示感覺；不難推出該詞意為“有同情心的”，即A項。此外，考生也可以從句末的morebrutalcommand-and-control這一表述反推其含義。19、WecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelievesA、NetGenersshouldgiveuptheirexpectations.B、olderbossesshouldgivetheNetGenerswhatevertheywant.C、bothNetGenersandbossesshouldfacethereality.D、bothNetGenersandbossesshouldlearntoconcede.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點解析：判斷推理題。對于考查觀點思想的題目通常要注意段落首末。第四段首句直言“事實上，雙方有必要互相妥協(xié)”。D項正是這句話的變形，concede表示“讓步”。20、Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsNetGeners?A、Supportive.B、Objective.C、Biased.D、Pessimistic.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點解析：觀點態(tài)度題?？v觀全文，作者既列舉了網(wǎng)絡(luò)一代的優(yōu)點，也指出了其不足；既引用了defenders的褒獎，又提出others對這一代的批評。因此，作者態(tài)度應(yīng)當(dāng)是“客觀的”，即選B。Ifthereisonecentral,recurringmistaketheUnitedStatesmakeswhendealingwiththerestoftheworld,itistoassumethatcreatingpoliticalstabilityiseasy.TheadversariesinIraqandAfghanistanremindusthat"themostimportantdistinctionamongcountriesconcernsnottheirformofgovernmentbuttheirdegreeofgovernment."Lookaround.Somanyoftheworld'sproblems-fromterroristsinWaziristantothedevastatingAIDSepidemicinAfricatopiracyinSomalia-arecausedormadeworsebygovernmentsthatareunabletoexerciserealauthorityovertheirlandsorpeople.ThatwasthecentralinsightofSamuelP.Huntington,thegreatestpoliticalscientistofthelasthalf-century,whodiedonChristmasEve.HuntingtonismostfamousforTheClashofCivilizations,buthisscholarlyreputationproperlyrestsonhisearlierwork.Hisanalysisofpoliticalorderhadimmediate,real-worldapplications.Whilestudyingthetopic,hewasaskedbyLyndonJohnson'sadministrationtoassesstheprogressoftheVietnamWar.Aftertouringtheplaceheargued,in1967and1968,thatAmerica'sstrategyinSouthVietnamwasfatallyflawed.TheJohnsonadministrationwastryingtobuythepeople'ssupportthroughaidanddevelopment.Butmoneywasn'tthekey,inHuntington'sview.ThesegmentsofSouthVietnam'spopulationthathadresistedtheVietCong'seffortshaddonesobecausetheyweresecurewithineffectivelocalcommunitiesstructuredaroundreligiousorethnicties.TheUnitedStates,however,wantedtocreateamodernVietnamesenationandsorefusedtoreinforcethese"backward"sourcesofauthority.This40-year-oldanalysisdescribesourdilemmainAfghanistantoday.Huntingtonnoticedatroublingtrend.Sometimes,progressAmericanstyle-morepoliticalparticipationorfastereconomicgrowth-actuallycreatedmoreproblemsthanitsolved.Ifacountryhadmorepeoplewhowereeconomically,politicallyandsociallyactiveandyetlackedeffectivepoliticalinstitutions,suchaspoliticalparties,civicorganizationsorcrediblecourts,theresultwasgreaterinstability.ThathasbeenthestoryofpartsoftheThirdWorldoverthepastthreedecades.ThinkofPakistan,whosepopulationhasgonefrom68millionin1975to165milliontoday,whileitsgovernmenthasprovedillequippedtotacklethebasictasksofeducation,securityandsocialwelfare.Livingthroughchange,peoplehaveoftenstuckwiththeiroldestandmostdurablesourceofsecurity:religion.ThatwasthemostimportantmessageofTheClashofCivilizations.Whileotherswerecelebratingthefallofcommunismandtheriseofglobalization,hesawthatwithideologydisappearingasasourceofhumanidentity,religionwasreturningtothefore.21、ThecentralinsightofSamuelP.HuntingtonreferstoA、governmentshavethepowertoestablishrealauthority.B、governments’inabilityresultsinmanyglobalproblems.C、governmentsshouldrelyontheirpeopletoexercisepower.D、terrorismcanbedefeatedonlyifgovernmentsworktogether.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點解析：段落細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)centralinsightofSamuelP.Huntington可定位至第一段，其中提到，“世界上如此之多的問題，包括恐怖分子、艾滋病及海盜，都是由政府的無能引起的或使情況惡化……以上是亨廷頓的主要見解”，因此正確答案為B項。22、Huntington’sanalysisofpoliticalorderhadimmediate,real-worldapplicationsinthatA、hispoliticalviewstracebacktoauthenticstudyofVietnamWar.B、hisacademicachievementshavechangedsomeglobalenvironments.C、hisanalysismakesproblemsinVietnamaswellasAfghanistanclear.D、hisideasarethefundamentalsforAmerica’sstrategyinVietnam.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點解析：因果細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)immediate，real-worldapplications可定位至第二段。其中提到“他對政治秩序的分析立即被運用到現(xiàn)實世界中”，而后面整段說的是他對越南戰(zhàn)爭的分析，解釋了越南戰(zhàn)爭為何失敗以及如今美國在阿富汗的困境，因此本題正確答案為C項。23、WhatisthetroublingtrendthatHuntingtonhasnoticed?A、Americaistoeffectivelyreconstructpoliticalinstitutionsworldwide.B、AmericanstyleofenterpriseisnotproperinPakistan.C、Americaistocopyitswayofboostingeconomyinothercountries.D、Americanwayofhandlingthingshascausedsometroubles.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點解析：事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)thetroublingtrend可定位至第三段。其中提到，“有時候，美國化的推進(jìn)——更多的政治干預(yù)或更快的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展——實際上造成了更多的問題而非解決了問題”，這就是令人困擾的趨勢，所以D項為正確選項。24、Towhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?A、Ifgovernmentsareunabletoexerciseitsauthenticauthority,warswillneverbeseenagain.B、Ifacountrylackedsuccessfulpoliticalparties,itwillbethreatenedbysocialinstability.C、VietnamWaristheresultofpoorgoverning,insecuredomesticandglobalenvironment.D、LocalpeopleinVietnamwelcomedtheideaofcreatingamodernnationwithlittleinterest.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點解析：觀點態(tài)度題。第四段中說到，“如果一個國家缺乏有效的政治機(jī)制，例如政黨、民間組織或權(quán)威的法庭，其結(jié)果將是社會更加動蕩”，因此B項為正確選項。25、ThemostimportantmessageofTheClashofCivilizationsisthatA、theoldestsourceofsecurityliesinbelief.B、peoplebelieveinvariousconcepts.C、peoplecannotgetawayfromreligion.D、allideologiesleadtoreligion.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點解析：例證細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)mostimportantmessage定位至末段。其中提到，“生活在動蕩變幻局勢下的人們通常堅持安全感最古老最持久的來源：宗教。這就是《文明的沖突》一書所要傳達(dá)的最重要的信息”。因此，此題顯然選C項?？佳杏⒄Z（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)"Bah!Humbug",wasScrooge'sopinionofcharitablegivingandeventodaysomeeconomistsreckoncharitygoesagainsteconomicrationality.Itisoftenallegedthataltruismisinconsistentwitheconomicrationality,whichassumesthatpeoplebehaveselfishly.Certainly,mucheconomicanalysisisconcernedwithhowindividualsbehave,andhomoeconomicus(economicman)isusuallyassumedtoactinhisorherself-interest.Someeconomicmodelsassumethatself-interestedindividualsbehavealtruisticallybecausetheygetsomebenefit,orutility,fromdoingso.Forinstance,itmaymakethemfeelbetteraboutthemselves,orbeausefulinsurancepolicyagainstsocialunrest.Othereconomicmodelsrelaxthetraditionalassumptionoffullyrationalbehaviourbysimplyassumingthatpeoplesometimesbehavealtruistically,evenifthismaybeagainsttheirself-interest.ThePeaceCorpsisanexample,forpeopleoftengiveuppotentiallylucrativestartstotheircareersorinterruptthemtodogoodworkoverseas.PeoplewhoworkforthePeaceCorpsdosobecausetheywanttoandtokeepthePeaceCorpsdynamicwithfreshideas.Sociologistswouldarguethatthereisanaturalinclinationofhumanbeingstoengagethemselvesinhelpingothers,asanaturalinstincttopreservethespecies.Thuspublicdutyisasurvivalact.Thequestionthenisraisedregardingpoliticalparticipation,whetheritcanbeclassifiedasanactofeconomicrationalityorofaltruism.Publicdutymaynotnecessarilymeanofficialduty,althoughitmayincludethatconstantandactivepracticalparticipationinthedetailsofpoliticswithoutwhich,uponthepartofthemostintelligentcitizens,theconductofpublicaffairsfallsunderthecontrolofselfishandignorantorcraftyandvenalmen.Politicsoftenrequiresserviceincommittees,careandtroubleandexpenseofmanykinds,patientenduranceofrebuffs,chagrins,ridicules,disappointments,anddefeats.Allthesedutiesandservices,whenselfishlyandmeanlyperformed,stigmatizeamanasamerepolitician,butwhenperformedwithhonestyandvigilance,theybecomegradualbuildingblocks,stonebystoneandlayerbylayer,ofanationofself-restrainedliberty.1、Inthefirstparagraph,theauthordiscussestheeconomictreatmentbehindaltruisminorderto______.A、treatitinasociologicalperspectiveinsteadB、demonstratethattheeconomicviewofmanisinsufficientC、arguethataltruismisreallyaformofself-interestD、introducehisargumentthatcharityispartofhumanity標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點解析：屬信息歸納題。本文論述利他主義的重要性，第一段首先引述認(rèn)為利他主義有悖于經(jīng)濟(jì)理性的觀點。參照全文結(jié)構(gòu)，后文均是對“無私”展開論述可以判斷，第一段這樣寫的目的在于，表明只以經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)觀點看待人是不充分的。2、ThethirdparagraphbestsupportsthestatementthatPeaceCorpsemployees______.A、actincontradictiontotraditionalviewsofeconomicrationalityB、arehiredforalimitedtermofemploymenttopreventself-interestfromsettinginC、arepeoplewhohavenodesireforself-interestD、sacrificetheiracademicandworkexperienceentirelyjusttojoin標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點解析：屬信息歸納題。第三段側(cè)重論述無私的政治參與的重要性，也是對經(jīng)濟(jì)理性傳統(tǒng)觀點的反駁。C項和第三段的“政治參與”無太大關(guān)聯(lián)。3、Theauthorindicatesinthetextthatpublicdutystresses______.A、anecessarykindofcraftinesstosucceedB、therecognitionofanofficialdutyofeverycitizenC、acertainattentiontodetailswhichmayinvolvemuchsacrificeD、arecognitionthatyoushouldgainnothingfromitpersonally標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點解析：屬事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段明確指出，公共義務(wù)往往要求勞心費神和各種付出。4、Thephrase"relaxthetraditionalassumption"(line3-4,para.2)probablymeansto______.A、expandittoincludemoreB、replaceitwithanotherC、changeitsomewhatD、makeitmoreaccommodating標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點解析：屬詞義推斷題。在這個詞組之后是一個方式狀語，為這個詞組的含義做出重要提示：有些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)模式認(rèn)為人們有時即使違背自身利益也會表現(xiàn)得無私。根據(jù)后續(xù)提示，并結(jié)合傳統(tǒng)看法，可以判定，這個詞組的意義應(yīng)為“使這個傳統(tǒng)看法變得較為通融”。5、Thetextisprobablymainlyintendedtoexpresstheideathat______.A、charityhasneverbeenunderthecontrolofselfishmenB、personalattentionofofficeholdersinsuresahealthysocietyC、altruismisrationalandanintegralpartofanationD、publicdutyissynonymouswithofficialduty標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點解析：屬主旨思想題。本文主要論述利他主義的重要性，故選項C正確。Marijuanahasbeenconsideredbysomeasa"gateway"drugthatcanlureyoungexperimenterstowardaddictiontostrongerdrugs.Inasimilarthoughlessinsidiousfashion,oftentheinitialcontactchildrenhavewithcomputerslurethemintotheworldofcomputers.However,manypreadolescentsandadolescentsdonotenjoytheirinitialexperienceswiththeseplayfulintroductionstotechnology,andlargenumbersofthosewhoaredisenchantedaregirls.Girlsusuallyhavethesameaccesstocomputersasboysbutresearcherssay,bythetimetheygettohighschool,theyarevictimsofwhattheresearcherscallamajornewgendergapintechnology.Girlstendtobelesscomfortablethanboyswiththecomputer.Theyuseitmoreforwordprocessingratherthanforproblemsolving,ratherthantodiscovernewwaysinwhichtounderstandinformation.Researchersfoundthatgirlsmakeuponlyasmallpercentageofstudentsincomputerscienceclasses.Girlsconsistentlyratethemselvessignificantlylowerthanboysintheirabilityandconfidenceinusingcomputersandtheyusecomputerslessoftenthanboysoutsidetheclassroom.SocializationinAmericancultureisrifewithmessagesaboutthegender