考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷6（共200題）

考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷6（共9套）（共200題）考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共25題，每題1.0分，共25分。)Thatmythicalbeast,homoeconomicus,otherwisecalledEconomicman,isutterlyclearaboutthepurposeofwork:togetpaid.Heiskeeneronleisurethanonwork,andifmoneycanbegotwithouteffort,hedownstools.Ifrealpeoplefeelthesame,thenbountifulout-of-workbenefitsshouldbefoundinthesameplacesaswork-shycitizens.Yetacross-countrycomparisonofbenefitsandattitudestoworkpublishedonJanuary28thfindspreciselytheoppositepattern.Researchersranked13countriesaccordingtotheirgenerosity(measuredbycomparingtypicalbenefitstothoseoutofworkwiththeaveragewageofaproductionworker)andtheircitizens'commitmenttowork(gaugedbyaskingwhethertheywouldworkiftheydidnotneedthecash,andwhethertheyregardedajobasmerelyawaytoearnaliving).Theyfoundthatthemoregenerousastateisthekeeneronworkitspeopleare.Britons,whosebenefitswerethestingiest(mostungenerous)afterthosethatAmericansget,wereleastkeenofallonwork.Onereasonmaybetheskillsmake-upoftheBritishworkforce.Theresearchersfound,logicallyenough,thatprofessionalsandgraduatesweremorepositiveaboutworkthantheunskilledandnon-graduates.FewerBritonsthanNorwegians(whocametoponworkcommitment)haveprofessionaljobsordegrees.Butthisdoesnotentirelyexplaintheircomparativeimmunitytotheattractionsoftoil:Britonsofeverysocialclassandlevelofeducationwerelesskeenonworkthantheircounterpartselsewhere.Couldthe"dependencyculture"currentlyexercisingBritishpoliticiansbesolvedbyraisingbenefits?Unlikely,saysAlisonPark,editoroftheannualBritishSocialAttitudesReport,inwhichthestudyappeared:attitudestoworkvaryfromcountrytocountryformanyreasons.Thereportstatesthatthelavishnessofwhatthereportterms"encompassing"states,allNordicwithLutherantraditions,mayhavebeenmadepossiblebyastrongworkethic,ratherthanastrongercommitmenttoworkhavingemergedasaresultofit.Andworkincentivesareaffectedbyfeaturesofwelfaresystemsotherthanoverallgenerosity:"corporatist"statessuchasGermany,whichpayhigherbenefitstothosewithalongerworkhistory,maybeencouragingpositiveattitudestoworkbysuchconditionality.Britain'spoorbenefits,bycontrast,arelargelyindependentofpreviousemployment,whichmaymeantheyareseenasanalternativetowork,ratherthanasoneofthegoodthingsthatflowfromit.1、Homoeconomicusischaracterizedas_____.A、economicalB、lazyC、leisure-obsessedD、benefits-driven標準答案：D知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)Homoeconomicus定位到第一段。其中講到“經(jīng)濟人”深諳工作的目的——獲得報酬，言外之意是其只受利益驅(qū)使，故D項正確。2、Whatcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraph?A、Thekeeneronworkitspeopleare,themoregenerousastateis.B、Peoplewhoarekeenonworkwillmaketheirstategenerous.C、ThebenefitswhichBritonsgetwerethestingiest.D、AmericansgotstingierbenefitsthanBritonsdid.標準答案：C知識點解析：推理判斷題。答案在第二段。最后一句話提到“英國人緊隨美國人之后，獲得的福利最微薄”，故C項正確。3、Bysaying"theircomparativeimmunitytotheattractionsoftoil"(Para.3),theauthormeansA、BritonsarehealthyenoughnottofeelillB、BritonshavegoodimmunesystemC、BritonsarenotkeenonworkD、Britonsareafraidofhardwork標準答案：C知識點解析：語義理解題。答案在第三段第五行。該句中冒號后面的內(nèi)容是對前半句的解釋，即“每個社會階層，每個教育層次的英國人對工作都更缺乏熱情”，因此C項正確。4、AccordingtotheBritishSocialAttitudesReport,"encompassing"statesaregenerousdueto_____.A、thedependencycultureB、astrongworkethicC、theriseofbenefitsD、variousworkingattitudes標準答案：B知識點解析：事實細節(jié)題?？疾橐蚬毠?jié)。根據(jù)“encompassing”states定位到第四段。根據(jù)原文中l(wèi)avishness…h(huán)avebeenmadepossibleby…可知by后的內(nèi)容即為答題信息點。主要涉及對ratherthan詞組的理解：否定它后面的，肯定前面的astrongworkethic，因此B項正確。5、Germanyismentionedinthelastparagraphtoshowthat_____.A、GermanypayshigherbenefitstothosewithalongerworkhistoryB、corporatiststateslikeGermanyprovidebetterbenefitsthanBritainC、welfaresystemisalsolikelytoinfluenceworkincentivesD、Germanyencouragespositiveworkattitudesbypayinghigherbenefits標準答案：C知識點解析：事實細節(jié)題?？疾槔C細節(jié)。德國的例子表明“工齡較長的人能獲得更好的福利”，這實際上是為了說明該段中心句“工作的動力還會受到福利體制的特點影響”，因此C項正確。AstheSenatepreparestovoteonlegislationtoempowertheFoodandDrugAdministrationtoregulatetobaccoproducts,itsmemberswouldbewisetoconsultarecentappealscourtdecision.Thedecisionmakesitclearthatthetobaccocompanieshaveengagedindeceitfulandharmfulbehaviorformanydecadesandcannotbetrustedtoreformontheirown.Regulatoryoversightisthebestchancetoreinthemin.Theunanimousrulingbyathree-judgepaneloftheUnitedStatesCourtofAppealsfortheDistrictofColumbiaupheldmajorelementsofa2006lowercourtdecisionthatfoundbigtobaccocompaniesguiltyofracketeeringandfraudaspartofaprolongedcampaigntodeceiveandaddictthepublic.That1,742opinion,renderedbyJudgeGladysKessler,laidoutinpainstakingdetailhowthetobaccocompaniesmadefalsestatementsandsuppressedevidencetodenyorplaydowntheaddictivequalitiesandtheadversehealtheffectsofsmoking.JudgeKesslerfoundthatthecompaniesmanipulatedthedesignofcigarettestodeliveraddictivedosesofnicotine,falselydeniedthatsecondhandsmokecauseddiseaseandfalselyrepresentedthatlightandlow-tarcigarettespresentedfewerhealthrisks.Theappealscourtnotonlyupheldherdecisionaslegallysound,itseemeddeeplyimpressedbythe"volumesofevidence"and"countlessexamplesofdeliberatelyfalsestatements"underlyingmanyofJudgeKessler'sfindings.Italsoupheldsomebutnotallofthemarketingrestrictionsandotherrequirementssheimposedtopreventthecompaniesfrommakingfuturefalseclaimsandengaginginadditionalfraudulentactivities.Thecompaniesprotestedthattheyshouldnotbesubjectedtosuchrequirementsbecausetheyhadalreadyagreedtonumerousremediesunderasettlementagreementwith46statesandtheDistrictofColumbia.Theappealspanelwasrightlyunimpressed.Itupheldthedistrictcourt'sfindingsthatafterthesettlementwentintoeffectin1998,thecompaniesalmostimmediatelybegantoevadeandviolatevariousprohibitionsagainstjointactivitiesandfalsestatements.TheHousehasalreadyvotedtogivetheF.D.Apowertoregulatetobacco.Senators,whoaregettingreadytovoteonsimilarlegislation,nowhavefairwarning,iftheyneededanymore,thatthisisadishonestindustry.Itcan'tbetrustedtobehaveresponsiblyorevenadheretoagreementsithassigned.ItistimetogranttheF.D.Athepowertoregulatethecontentandmarketingoftobaccoproducts.6、Whywoulditbewiseforthesenatorstoconsultarecentappealscourtdecisionbeforevoting?A、Itrevealstosenatorstobaccocompanies’incompetenceinself-discipline.B、Itmakesthesenatorslearnhowprofitablethetobaccoindustryis.C、Ithelpsthesenatorsrealizethenecessityofregulatoryoversight.D、Itpointsoutthattobaccocompanieshavebeenliarsformanydecades.標準答案：C知識點解析：事實細節(jié)題?？疾橐蚬毠?jié)。根據(jù)wise定位到第一段，其中最后一句明確說明對煙草公司進行監(jiān)管是必要的，可見之所以說這樣做是“明智的”，是由于這項裁決能讓參觀員認識到對煙草行業(yè)進行監(jiān)管的必要性，并促使他們投上贊成票，故C項正確。7、WecaninferfromJudgeKessler’sfindingsthat_____.A、tobaccocompaniesachievecustomeraddictionatthecostoftheirhealthB、theadversehealtheffectsofsmokinghavebeenchronicallyunderestimatedC、racketeeringandfraudhaveblindedthetobaccocompaniesforalongtimeD、thediseasescausedbysecondhandsmokehavebeencarelesslydenied標準答案：A知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)JudgeKessler定位到第二、三段，原文laidout等指示詞后面的內(nèi)容即暗示了JudgeKessler對煙草公司的態(tài)度，A項是對煙草公司欺騙行徑的總結(jié)。8、TherestrictionsandrequirementsimposedbyJudgeKessler_____.A、haveentirelybeenapprovedbytheappealscourtB、willimmediatelybeviolatedbythetobaccocompaniesC、severelyoverlapwiththeprevioussettlementagreementD、aremeanttopreventtobaccocompaniesfromdeceiving標準答案：D知識點解析：事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)restrictionsandrequirements定位到第四段。原文說。JudgeKessler提出這些限制和要求的目的是為了防止煙草公司今后再進行虛假宣傳以及從事其他的欺詐行為，D項說明的目的符合原文。9、Theword"rightly"(Para.5)canbebestreplacedby_____.A、justlyB、understandablyC、evidentlyD、appropriately標準答案：A知識點解析：語義理解題。根據(jù)題干定位到第五段。這類題型需要根據(jù)上下文推斷出詞義。此處rightly應意為“正當?shù)亍睍r。這里是指由于煙草公司1998年立即違反規(guī)定的行徑，法院對其抗議給予正當?shù)哪?。四個選項中與法院最相關的詞是justly(正當?shù)?，也可以由此推測A項正確。10、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A、Self-regulatedTobaccoIndustryB、OnceaLiar,AlwaysaLiarC、WatchYourVote,SenatorsD、ADishonestIndustry標準答案：D知識點解析：全文主旨題。根據(jù)文章大意，D項dishonest一詞最能表明煙草行業(yè)的實質(zhì)，與全文內(nèi)容最為貼切。Writingforanhistoricalseriesistricky,andtheoutcomeisnotalwaysasuccess.ThebestoverallEuropeanhistoryinEnglishistheoldFontanaHistoryofEurope,butitwasuneveninquality,anditsufferedbecausethevolumesappearedsofarapartintime.ThenewPenguinHistoryofEuropehasonlyrecentlybegun.Butjudgingbythissecondvolumeinaprojectedeight-volumese-ries,itisgoingtobeasmashingsuccess.TimBlanning,aCambridgehistoryprofessorbringstohisperiodknowledge,experience,soundjudgmentandacolorfulnarrativestyle.Hisbroadrangeisevidentfromthestartwhen,inplaceoftheusualrecitationofpoliticsandbattles,heexpoundsonsuchthemesascommunications,transport,demographyandfarming.Indeed,muchofwhatmightbeseenastraditionalhistoryispushedbacktothefourthandfinalpartofthebook.NottheleastofMr.Blanning'sachievementsishisintegratedapproachtotheentirecontinent.HejumpsnimblyfromSpaintotheLowCountries,fromRussiatoAustria,fromPrussiatoTurkey.ManyofEurope'sroyalfamilieswererelated,afterall.Theauthoralsoexpertlyplacesthehistoryofthetwogreatestrivalsoftheday,EnglandandFrance,initswiderEuropeancontext.AnyBritishEuroscepticwhothinkshiscountry'shistoryisdetachedfromcontinentalEurope'swouldrealizefromeventhemostinadequatereadingofthisbookhowboundupwiththecontinentithasinfactalwaysbeen.The17thand18thcenturiesinEuropewere,aboveall,aperiodofwar.Indeed,itseemedattimesasifFranceandAustria,theleadingmartialpowersin1648,didlittleelsebutfight.Sometimeswarhelpedtostimulateeconomicandcommercialdevelopment.ButitisstrikingthatitfelltoBritain,whichenjoyedatleastafewyearsofpeace,topioneerEurope'sindustrialization.Thebookisstrongeronthe18thcenturythanonthesecondhalfofthe17th,reflectingtheauthor'sownhistoricalbias.Anotherweaknessisthat,thoughthereisareasonablebibliography,ithasnofootnotescitingsources,ascandalousomissioninaworkwithseriousacademicpretensions.Italsosometimestakesforgrantedabasicgroundinginthehistoryoftheperiod,whichmaybeproblematicforstudentsatwhomitispresumablyinpartaimed.ButoverallMr.Blanninghasproducedatriumphantsuccess.11、WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheoldFontanaHistoryofEurope?A、Somepartsaregood,whileothersnot.B、Itisaneight-volumehistoricalseries.C、Itisnotasuccessfulhistoricalseries.D、Itbecomeslessfamousastimegoesby.標準答案：A知識點解析：事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)theoldFontanaHistoryofEurope定位到第一段。其中講到該書質(zhì)量參差不齊(uneveninquality)，編寫時間間隔過長也使書籍受影響，A項與文中內(nèi)容相符。12、Inthesecondvolume,TimBlanningwrotetheHistoryofEurope_____.A、inatraditionalwayB、inanunconventionalwayC、inaseparatewayD、inafunnyway標準答案：B知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)TimBlanning定位到第二段。第一段最后說，從剛出版的第二冊就可以看出這套書將大獲成功。第二段自然就是對新版《歐洲史》已經(jīng)出的書的介紹。根據(jù)inplaceoftheusualrecitationof…(不同于常規(guī)的……)可以看出，第二冊《歐洲史》是TimBlanning用不同于常規(guī)的方式寫的.因此B正確。13、FranceandAustriaarementionedinParagraph4toshowthat_____.A、theyweretheleadingEuropeanmilitarypowersinthe17thcenturyB、warbetweenthesetwocountriesfailedtospureconomicandcommercialdevelopmentC、warwasquiteacommonthinginthe17thand18thcenturiesinEuropeD、thewarbetweenthemmadethemlagbehindEnglandindevelopment標準答案：C知識點解析：事實細節(jié)題，考查例證細節(jié)。答案一般在舉例的前后句中。第四段舉France和Austria這兩個當時的軍事大國不時打仗的例子是為了證明它前面的那句話——歐洲的17、18世紀是戰(zhàn)爭的世紀，故選C項。14、TheauthorthinksMr.Blanning’sworkisflawedbecause_____.A、itisethnicallybiasedB、itisuneveninqualityC、itlacksbibliographyD、itomitsthefootnotes標準答案：D知識點解析：事實細節(jié)題，考查因果細節(jié)。根據(jù)flawed“有缺陷的”一詞定位到末段，對應的單詞為weakness。末段提到兩點缺陷：一個是author’sownhistoricalbias，另一個是nofootnotes。D項表示“遺漏了腳注”與原文意思一致，故選D。15、WecanlearnfromthetextthatthesecondvolumeofthePenguinHistoryofEurope_____.A、isthebestbookonoverallEuropeanhistoryB、overtlycriticizedBritishEuroscepticismC、exploredtheEuropeanhistoryseparatelyD、isanoverallsuccessdespitecertainflaws標準答案：D知識點解析：推理判斷題。最后一段中作者客觀地指出企鵝出版社新出的《歐洲史》盡管有缺陷，但總的來說是成功的，D項與之相符。Howlongyoulivehasalottodowithyourenvironmentandlifestyle,butexceptionallongevitymayhaveevenmoretodowithyourgenes.Forthefirsttime,researchershaveidentifiedageneticrecipethataccuratelypredictswhomayliveto100andbeyond.ScientistsledbyDr.ThomasPerlsattheBostonUniversitySchoolofMedicineconductedageneticanalysisofmorethan1,000centenariansandtheirmatchedcontrolsandfound150geneticvariants—orbitsofDNA—thatdifferedbetweenthetwogroups.Thesevariantsidentifiedpeoplewholivedtoaveryoldage(past100)with77%accuracy,researchersfound.Furtheranalysisidentified19distinctgeneticprofilesassociatedwithextremelylonglife;90%ofparticipantswholivedto100possessedatleastoneofthesignaturegeneticclusters.Eachprofileappearedtoconferadifferenttendencytodevelopcommonage-relatedchronicdiseases,suchasheartdiseaseorbraindisorder."Werealizethisisacomplexgeneticpuzzle,"Perlssaid."We'requiteawaysawaystillinunderstandinghowtheintegrationofthesegenes—notjustwiththemselvesbutwithenvironmentalfactors—areplayingaroleinthislongevitypuzzle."Perlshasstudiedmanyfactorsthatcontributetolongevity,andheisthefirsttoacknowledgethatlivinglongerisn'tlikelytobesimplyamatterofgenes.Hispreviousworkhasshown,forexample,thatamongmostelderlypeoplewholiveintotheir70sand80s,about70%oftheirlongevitycanbeascribedtoenvironmentalfactorssuchasnotsmoking;eatingahealthy,low-fat,low-caloriediet;andremainingsociallyengagedandintellectuallyactivethroughoutlife.Still,itseemsclearthatthosewholivetoanexceptionallyripeoldagearebenefitingfromaspecialDNAboost.Infact,Perlsbelievesthattheolderapersongets,themorelikelyitisthathisorhergenesarecontributingtothoseextendedyears.Hiscurrentgeneticfindingssupportthattheory:the19mostcommongeneticprofilesthatdistinguishedtheexceptionallylong-livedappeartobecorrelatedwithlowerincidenceofcertaindiseases.Forexample,someprofileswereassociatedwithlowerratesofhighbloodpressureanddiabetes,whileanotherwaslinkedtoareducedriskofbraindisorder.Althoughmostofuscan'texpecttobecomecentenarians,Perlsishopingthathisworkwillleadtobetterways—perhapsthroughpharmaceuticalinterventionsbasedonthegeneticcluestolongevity—tohelpmoreofuslivelikethem.16、Byanalysingthegenesofcentenarians,scientistsfoundthat_____.A、environmentandlifestylecontributemuchtolongevityB、centenarians’genesarethesameasotherpeopleC、manygeneticvariantsmayidentifycentenariansD、19geneticprofilesofcentenariansaredifferentfromothers標準答案：C知識點解析：細節(jié)理解題。第一段第四句講到，科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)某些基因變異體能夠在某種程度上鑒別特別長壽者，故C項與之相符。17、WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph2?A、Chronicdiseasesarecomplexgeneticpuzzlestoscientists.B、Howexceptionallongevity-relatedgenesfunctionisknown.C、Mostcentenarianshaveexceptionallongevity-relatedgenes.D、Theintegrationofgenesandenvironmentalfactorsisimportant.標準答案：C知識點解析：推理判斷題。第二段第一句后半部分提到，90%的特別長壽者都至少擁有一種與長壽有關的標志基因圖譜.可見C項與之最為貼近。18、Perlsmaymostlikelyagreethat_____.A、mostextremelylong-livedbenefitfromnotsmokingB、environmentalfactorsplayanimportantroleinlongevityC、longevityisonlyassociatedwithcertaingeneticprofilesD、intellectuallyactivehasnothingtodowithlivinganoldage標準答案：B知識點解析：觀點態(tài)度題。第三段第二句表示，Peris的前期研究表明長壽秘訣中有70%可歸功于環(huán)境因素。換句話說，長壽與環(huán)境因素關系很大，B項正確。19、ByreferringtocurrentgeneticfindingsofPerls,theauthorintendsto_____.A、supporttheideathatextremelylongevityareascribedtogenesB、showsomegenesareassociatedwithlowerratesofcertaindiseasesC、supporttheideathatcommongenesarerelatedtoextremelylongevityD、discusstherelationshipbetweengenesandcertaindiseases標準答案：A知識點解析：推理判斷題。第四段第一、二句都表明一個觀點：特別長壽主要歸因于基因的作用，第三、四句隨后又用例子加以論證，可見作者是支持這一想法的，故選A項。20、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A、Genes,theSecretofLongevityB、EnvironmentandGenesC、LifestyleandGenesD、GenesMayPredictWhoLivesto100標準答案：D知識點解析：主旨大意題。從開頭、最后以及全文討論內(nèi)容可以推斷出本文的主旨在于陳述“基因?qū)θ祟愰L壽的影響”，四個選項中，D項與之最為貼切，故為答案。How'sthisforacoincidence?CharlesDarwinandAbrahamLincolnwereborninthesameyear,onthesameday:Feb.12,1809.Althoughpeoplehardlythinkofthemintandem,yetinstinctively,wewanttosaythattheybelongtogether.It'snotjustbecausetheywerebothgreatmen,andnotbecausetheyhappentobeexactcontemporaries.Rather,it'sbecausethescientistandthepoliticianeachtouchedoffarevolutionthatchangedtheworld.Theywerebothrevolutionariesinthesensethatbothmenupendedrealitiesthatprevailedwhentheywereborn.Theyseem—andsound—modemtous,becausetheworldtheyleftbehindthemismoreorlesstheonewestilllivein.So,consideringthejointgreatnessoftheircontributions—andthecoincidenceoftheirconjoinedbirthdays—itishardnottowonder:whowasthegreaterman?It'sanapples-and-oranges—orSuperman-vs.-Santa—comparison.Butifyoulimitthequestiontoinfluence,veryquicklythebalancetipsinLincoln'sfavor.Asgreatashisbookonevolutionis,itdoesnoharmtorememberthatDarwinhurriedtopublishTheOriginofSpeciesbecausehethoughthewasabouttobescoopedbyhisfellownaturalistAlfredRusselWallace.Inotherwords,therewasacertaininevitabilitytoDarwin'stheory.Ideasaboutevolutionsurfacedthroughoutthefirstpartofthe19thcentury,andwhilenoneofthemwasasconvincingasDarwin's—untilWallacecamealong—itwasnotasthoughhewastheonlymanwhohadtheidea.Lincoln,incontrast,isunique.Takehimoutofthepicture,andthereisnotellingwhatmighthavehappenedtothecountry.True,hiselectiontothepresidencydidprovokesecessionand,inturn,thewaritself,butthatwarseemsinevitable—notaquestionofifbutwhen.Onceinoffice,hebecomestheindispensableman.Certainlyweknowwhathappenedoncehewasassassinated:Reconstructionwasadministeredpunitivelyandthenabandoned,leavingtheissueofracialequalitytodangleforanothercentury.IfDarwinwerenotsoirreplaceableasLincoln,thatshouldnotnegatehisaccomplishment.Noonecouldhaveformulatedhistheoryanymoreelegantly.Theiridenticalbirthdaysaffordusasuperbopportunitytoobservethesemeninthesharedcontextoftheirtime—howeachwasshapedbyhiscircumstances,howeachreactedtothebeliefsthatsteeredtheworldintowhichhewasbornandultimatelyhoweachreshapedhiscornerofthatworldandleftitirrevocablychanged.21、CharlesDarwinandAbrahamLincolnbelongtogetherinthat_____.A、theywerebornonthesamedayB、theylivedinthesameperiodoftimeC、theybroughtuprevolutionstotheworldD、theywereborntobesuccessfulmen標準答案：C知識點解析：事實細節(jié)題，考查因果細節(jié)。根據(jù)人名可定位到第一段。題干中的信號詞inthat表明這是因果關系考點，應在原文中留意相應的詞出現(xiàn)的語句。原文提到他們兩位都引發(fā)了改變世界的革命，故選C項。22、Whatdoestheauthormeanby"anapples-and-oranges—orSuperman-vs.-Santa—comparison"(Para.2)?A、Itishardtotellwhichoneisgreaterastheyarebothoutstanding.B、ThecomparisonbetweenDarwinandLincolnismeaningless.C、ItisdifficulttocomparethemastheyareasfamousasSupermanorSanta.D、Thereisnopointcomparingthembecausebothofthemarewell-knowntous.標準答案：A知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干要求定位在第二段。對句意的理解要結(jié)合具體語境。該段最后一句句首的But作為轉(zhuǎn)折信號詞往往提示重點信息的出現(xiàn)，此處講的是：如果從影響力角度看則林肯占優(yōu)勢，故推斷若不提出這種假設，則兩者不分伯仲，選A項。23、AlfredRusselWallaceismentionedinordertoshow_____.A、Darwin’sTheOriginofSpecieswasabouttobescoopedB、Darwin’sevolutiontheorywasacceptedamongnaturalistsC、DarwinmightnotbetheonlyonewhohadtheideaofevolutionD、Darwin’sachievementwasfoundeduponnaturalresearches標準答案：C知識點解析：事實細節(jié)題，考查例證細節(jié)。根據(jù)人名AlfredRusselWallace定位到第三段。本題考查舉這一例子是為了說明什么，這類題的答案一般出現(xiàn)在例子前后。此處作者舉Wallace的例子是為了強調(diào)達爾文不是唯一一個提出進化理論的人，故選C項。24、Lincoln’scontributiontotheworldcanbebestdescribedas_____.A、aggressiveB、ground-breakingC、dependableD、legitimate標準答案：B知識點解析：推理判斷題。第四段主要論述了林肯的獨一無二和必不可少，強調(diào)了如果沒有他的存在，美國不知道會是什么樣子。ground-breaking“具有開拓意義的”與原文傳遞的意思一致，故選B項。25、Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?A、Lincoln’ssuccessinelectionhadmadethewarinevitable.B、Lincolnhadstrivedtoaddresstheracialproblems.C、Darwinwasnotuniquecomparedwithhiscontemporaries.D、Darwin’stheorycoincidedwithLincoln’sbeliefs.標準答案：B知識點解析：事實細節(jié)題。文中提到林肯執(zhí)政時是不可或缺的人物，他遇刺身亡后種族平等問題又拖延了一個世紀才得以解決，從而可以合理推斷林肯在世時曾致力于解決種族問題，故選B項?？佳杏⒄Z（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Whenwefailtodemonstraterespectforourselvesweareindirectlyencouragingotherstodisrespectusaswell.Respectmeansshowingregardorconsideration.Ifwedon'tvalueourselveswiththisesteemandwedisregardourselves,thenotherswillmostlikelyfollowsuit.Lackofselfrespectcandiscreditanindividualandotherscansenseit.Thisalsoholdstrueforhowwetreatothers.Ifyouhavenorespectorlackofitforyourself,thenitcanbedifficulttoimplementandunderstandtheimportanceofrespectingothers.Respectshouldnothavetobeearned.Itshouldbegivenoutofsimplekindnessandhumannature.Unfortunately,compassionandempathyhasfallenflatintoday'ssociety.Overall,peopledon'tseemtocaremuchaboutoneanotherandevensadder,theydon'tseemtocaremuchaboutthemselves.Sometimeswemustteachorshowpeoplehowtotreatusbyemulatingit.Thiscanbedoneordisplayedinthewayweholdourselves.Forinstance,showingrespectforourselvescanbeintheformofhowyouspeakandact.Whenyouhaveselfrespect,youtendtohaveahighvalueofyourselfanditshowsinyourbehavior.Youpresentyourselfinawaythattellsothers,"IamworthyandIamadecentperson."Lackofrespectisalsoevidentinthewayyouspeak.Youmayrefertoyourselforothersnegativelyandmayactordothingsthataredemeaningtoyourselfandthem.Disrespectdirectlystates,"Idon'tcareaboutyouoryourfeelings."Peoplearegoingtotreatyouhoweveryouallowthemtowhethergoodorbad.Whenyouexhibitselfrespect,youwillnotunderanycircumstancesstickaroundtoalloworencourageotherstotreatyouinadisrespectfulmanner.Theywillquicklylearnthatyoudonottoleratethattypeoftreatment.Youwillalsobemorelikelytoshowrespecttootherindividualsbecauseyourealizethattheyarejustasworthyofitasyouare.Eventhemostunpleasant,disrespectfulpersoncanlearnbyexample.Beingtreatedwithdignityandrespectpromotesfeelingsofgoodwillandbeneficence.Asmuchdiscontentanddisregardasthereisintheworldtoday,Istillliketobelievethatmostpeoplearegenerallygood,kindandcaring.Whiletheymaynotbethemajority,theyaretheexceptionandifweeachstartwithourselvesitwillbemucheasiertopayitforward.1、Ifyoulackselfrespect,otherswill______.A、mostlikelyshowdisrespectforyouB、havenoconfidenceinyourabilitiesC、followyouanddisrespectthemselvesD、useeverymeanstotakeadvantageofyou標準答案：A知識點解析：根據(jù)第一段中的“If…wedisregardourselves，thenotherswillmostlikelyfollowsuit”，如果你不尊重自己，別人也會不尊重你，A應為答案。2、Accordingtothetext,respectdenotes______.A、aconductinaccordwithaspecificethicB、aspecificfeelingofregardforothersC、anattitudeofadmiration,oresteemD、asenseofthevalueofsomething標準答案：C知識點解析：根據(jù)第一段中的“Respectmeansshowingregardorconsideration”可知，“respect”指的是對人關心和尊敬的態(tài)度。所以，C應為答案。3、Itisregrettablethatrespectis______.A、somethingwhichhastobeearnedB、replacedbycompassionandempathyC、takenlightlybymanypeopleatpresentD、whatfewpeopledeserveintoday’ssociety標準答案：C知識點解析：根據(jù)第二段中的“Unfortunately，compassionandempathyhasfallenflatintoday’ssociety．Overall，peopledon’tseemtocaremuchaboutoneanother…”可知，如今人們似乎彼此缺乏尊重，令人遺憾。所以，C應為答案。4、Tocultivateselfrespect,youshould______.A、admityourerrorsandmistakesB、presentyourselfinadecentmannerC、showlessrespectforyoursuperiorsD、disciplinewhatyousayandwhatyoudo標準答案：B知識點解析：根據(jù)第二段中的“Whenyouhaveselfrespect，．．．itshowsinyourbehavior．Youpresentyourselfinawaythattellsothers，‘IamworthyandIamadecentperson’”，B應為答案。5、Accordingtothetext,adisrespectfulperson______.A、showsanexaggeratedopinionofhisabilityB、ignoresother’sgoodwillandbeneficenceC、maybeasgood,kindandcaringasothersD、deservesbeingtreatedwithoutcourtesy標準答案：D知識點解析：根據(jù)第三段前兩句“Disrespectdirectlystates，‘Idon’tcareaboutyouoryourfeelings．’Peoplearegoingtotreatyouhoweveryouallowthemtowhethergoodorbad”可知，你怎樣對待別人，別人就怎樣對待你。所以，D應為答案。ThereisaperfectsymmetryinwhatremainsofWilliamShakespeare:theimmensityofhisplaysandthelackofbiographicalinformationabouttheman.Fromacanonasrichashis,andadocumentaryrecordasmeagerashis,youcaninferalmostanything.Whenitcomestoprivacy,Shakespeareout-SalingersSalingerandout-PynchonsPynchon.Golookingfortheman,andyouwillfindonlythepersondoingthelooking.Thehungerformoreisalwaysthere,whichiswhyaportrait—apaintingofaverywell-dressedElizabethanman—takenfromtheprivatecollectionofanaristocraticAnglo-Irishfamily,theCobbes,hasdrawnsomuchattention.Physicalevidenceconfirmsthepainting'santiquity,anditsprovenancelinksittoShakespeare'sonlyliterarypatron.Butwhileprovenancemaybeagoodguidetoownership,itisaveryweedyindicatorofidentity.ThemostthatcanreallybesaidisthattheCobbeportrait,whichwasrevealedinLondonthisweek,wasprobablypaintedinShakespeare'slifetimeandthatitbearsalikenesstootherreputedShakespeareportraits—thatlengthynose,thoseside-glancingeyes,thehairlinebeginningitsretreatoverthebedrockofthatskull.ButgiventhestylizedconventionsofElizabethanportraiture,apolicedragnetinLondoncirca1610mighthaveturnedupmanydozensofmenwitharesemblancetothisimage.Whatwehave,asalwayswithShakespeare,isatrailthatleadsusbacktothep