考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷3（共185題）

考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷3（共9套）（共185題）考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、閱讀（補(bǔ)全短文）(本題共15題，每題1.0分，共15分。)Themainpurposeofaresumeistoconvinceanemployertograntyouaninterview.Therearetwokinds.Oneisthefamiliar"tombstone"thatlistswhereyouwenttoschoolandwhereyou'veworkedinchronologicalorder.TheotheriswhatIcallthe"functional"resume—descriptive,funtoread,uniquetoyouandmuchmorelikelytolandyouaninterview.It'shandytohavea"tombstone"forcertainoccasions.Butprospectiveemployersthrowawaymostofthoseunrequested"tombstone"lists,preferringtointerviewthequickratherthanthedead.Whatfollowsaretipsonwritingafunctionalresumethatwillgetread—aresumethatmakesyoucomealiveandlookinterestingtoemployers.(1)Putyourselffirst:Inordertowritearesumeotherswillreadwithenthusiasm,youhavetofeelimportantaboutyourself.(2)Sellwhatyoucando,notwhoyouare:Practicetranslatingyourpersonalitytraits,character,accomplishmentsandachievementsintoskillareas.Thereareatleastfivethousandskillareasintheworldofwork.Tootyourownhorn!Manypeopleclutchwhenaskedtothinkabouttheirabilities.Somethinktheyhavenoneatall!Buteveryonedoes,andoneofyoursmayjustbetheticketanemployerwouldbegladtopunch—ifonlyyoushowit.(3)Bespecific,beconcrete,andbebrief!Rememberthat"brevityisthebestpolicy."(4)Turnbadnewsintogood:Everybodyhashaddisappointmentsinwork.Ifyouhavetomentionyours,lookforthepositiveside.(5)Neverapologize:Ifyou'vereturningtotheworkforceafterfifteenyearsasaparent,simplywriteashortparagraph(summaryofbackground)inplaceofachronologyofexperience.Don'tapologizeforworkingatbeingamother;it'sthehardestjobofall.Ifyouhavenospecialtrainingorhighereducation,justdon'tmentioneducation.Howtoprepareyourself:Thesecretistothinkabouttheselfbeforeyoustartwritingaboutyourself.Takefourorfivehoursoff,notnecessarilyconsecutive,andsimplywritedowneveryaccomplishmentinyourlife,onoroffthejob,thatmadeyoufeeleffective.Don'tworryatfirstaboutwhatitallmeans.Studythelistandtrytospotpatterns.Asyoustudyyourlist,youwillcomeclosertothemeaning:identifyingyourmarketableskills.Onceyoudiscoverpatterns,givenamestoyourclusterofaccomplishments(leadershipskills,budgetmanagementskills,childdevelopmentskillsetc.)Trytolistatleastthreeaccomplishmentsunderthesameskillsheading.Nowstartwritingyourresumeasifyoumattered.Itmaytakefourdraftsormore,andseveralweeks,beforeyou'vereadytoshowittoastranger(friendsareusuallytookind)forareaction.Whenyou'vesatisfied,sendittoaprinter;aprintedresumeisfarsuperiortophotocopies.Itshowsanemployerthatyouregardjobhuntingasseriouswork,worthdoingright.Isn'tthatthekindofpersonyou'dwantworkingforyou?[A]Awomanwholostherjobasateacher'saideduetoacutbackingovernmentfundingwrote:"Principalofelementaryschoolcitedmeastheonlyteacher'saideshewouldrehireifgovernmentfundsbecameavailable."[B]OneresumeIreceivedincludedthefollowing:"invitedbymysuperiortostraightenoutourorganization'saccountsreceivable.Setuporderlyrepaymentschedule,reconciledaccountsweekly,andimprovedcashflow100percent.Rewardedwithraiseandpromotion."Noticehowthiswomanfocusesonresults,specifieshowsheaccomplishedthem,andmentionsherreward—allin34words.[C]Forexample,ifyouhaveaflairforsaving,managingandinvestingmoney,youhavemoneymanagementskills.[D]Anacquaintancecomplainedofbeingbiasedwhenlosinganopportunityduetothestatement"Readytolearnthoughnotsowelleducated".[E]Oneofmyformercolleagues,forexample,wroteresumesinthreedifferentstylesinordertofindoutwhichwasmorepreferred.Theresultis,ofcourse,theonethathighlightsskillsandeducationbackground.[F]Awomanoncetoldmeaboutacash-flowcrisisheremployerhadfaced.She'dagreedtoworkwithoutpayforthreemonthsuntilbusinessimproved.Herrewardwasherbackpayplusa20percentbonus.Iaskedwhythatmarvelousstorywasn'tinherresume.Sheanswered,"Itwasn'timportant."Whatshewasreallysayingofcoursewas"I'mnotimportant."1、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此處小標(biāo)題為“Putyourselffirst(首先要重視自己)”。下面的句子進(jìn)行了解釋：為了寫一份他人都有興致閱讀的簡歷，你必須要重視自己。作者舉例說明這一點(diǎn)，可能從正面角度，也可能從反面角度。F就是從反面說明了第一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。作者通過例子說明，不要認(rèn)為自己做過的事情不值一提，瞧不起自己的人別人又怎么會(huì)重視呢?2、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此處小標(biāo)題為“Sellwhatyoucando，notwhoyouare(推銷你能做什么，而不是你是誰)”。下面的文字進(jìn)一步說明：試著將你的個(gè)性特質(zhì)、性格、成果和成就融入進(jìn)技能領(lǐng)域．在職場中至少有5000種技能領(lǐng)域。言外之意就是，你總能找出一種自己擅長的技能。文后的例子中只有C項(xiàng)最貼切：例如，你有一種儲(chǔ)蓄、管理和投資的天賦，那么你就擁有理財(cái)?shù)募寄堋?、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此處小標(biāo)題為“Bespecific，beconcrete，andbrief!(明確、具體、簡潔!)”。下文接著說：簡潔就是王道。B項(xiàng)用一個(gè)成功的例子說明了這點(diǎn)，一位女士僅用了34個(gè)詞就呈現(xiàn)了她獲得的成果與獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。4、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此處小標(biāo)題為"Turnbadnewsintogood(將壞消息變成好消息)"。這不是要讓人顛倒黑白，下面解釋道：每個(gè)人在工作中總有不盡如人意之處。如果要提到這些事，那么要從積極、正面的角度去看。A項(xiàng)就是一個(gè)正面的例子。一個(gè)女助教因?yàn)檎s減資金而被解雇。這似乎不大光彩，但是這位女士談起此事時(shí)卻用了另一個(gè)角度，“校長說了，如果政府的資金夠的話，她第一個(gè)重聘的就是我”，字里行間洋溢著自信。5、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此處小標(biāo)題為"Neverapologize(永遠(yuǎn)不要道歉)"。下面的文字舉例說明道：要揚(yáng)長避短。每個(gè)人都有短處，沒有必要為自己的短處羞愧。求職就是要讓雇主看到自己的閃光點(diǎn)，個(gè)人簡歷不是進(jìn)行道歉的地方。D項(xiàng)以一個(gè)失敗的例子說明了這一點(diǎn)：作者的一位朋友說他求職時(shí)遭到了歧視，因?yàn)樗暮啔v中寫了“好學(xué)，但教育程度不高”。Moulexisaworld-leadingmanufacturerofhomeappliances.With30yearsofrichexperience,weproduceandsellthemostreliableanduser-friendlyironsforourcustomersallovertheworld.Beforeyouenjoyourgreatproduct,pleaseensurethatbasicsafetyprecautionsbefollowedandallinstructionsbereadcarefully.(l)Fillingthereservoir:Yourironisdesignedtofunctionusingtapwater.However,itwilllastlongerifyouusedistilledwater.(2)Temperatureandsteamcontrol:YourMoulexironhastwobuttonswhichcontroltheintensityofheatproducedbytheiron.Youcan,therefore,adjustthetemperatureoftheironandtheamountofsteambeinggivenoffdependinguponthetypeoffabricbeingironed.-Turnthesteamcontroltothedesiredintensity.-Turnthethermostatcontroltothedesiredtemperature.(3)Pressingbutton:Important:Donotusethismorethanfivesuccessivetimes.(4)Suitscreaseerasing:Itispossibletousethisironinaverticalpositionsothatyoucanremovecreasesfromclothesoncoathangersorfromcurtains.Turningthethermostatcontrolandthesteambuttontomaximum,holdtheironinaverticalpositionclosetothefabricbutwithouttouchingit.Holddownthepressingbuttonforamaximumofonesecond.Thesteamproducedisnotalwaysvisiblebutisstillabletoremovecreases.(5)Auto-clean:Inorderthatyourirondoesnotbecomefurredup,Moulexhaveintegratedanauto-cleansystemandweadviseyoutouseitveryregularly(1-2timespermonth.)[A]Turnthesteamcontroltotheoffposition.Fillthereservoirandturnthethermostatcontroltomaximum.Assoonastheindicatorlightgoesout,unplugtheironand,holditoverthesink,turnthesteamcontroltoauto-clean.Anycalciumdepositswillbewashedoutbythesteam.Continuetheprocedureuntilthereservoirisempty.[B]Ifyourironproducesdropletsofwaterinsteadofgivingoffsteam,yourtemperaturecontrolissettoolow.[C]Alwaysunplugtheironbeforefillingthereservoir.Alwaysemptythereservoirafteruse.[D]Thisbuttonactivatesasupershotofsteamwhichmomentarilygivesyouanadditional40gofsteam,whenneeded.[E]Thisbuttonactivatesajetofcoldwaterwhichallowsyoutoironoutanyunintentionalcreases.Pressthebuttonforonesecond.[F]Holdtheironatasufficientdistancefromsilkandwooltoavoidallriskofscorching.Donotattempttoremovecreasesfromanitemofclothingthatisbeingworn,alwaysuseacoathanger.6、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此處標(biāo)題為"Fillingthereservoir(注滿儲(chǔ)水器)”?？v觀六個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有A項(xiàng)與C項(xiàng)有reservoir一詞出現(xiàn)。再看下面的解釋性文字：您的熨斗是為使用自來水而設(shè)計(jì)。然而，如果您使用蒸餾水，它將能持續(xù)更長時(shí)間。只有C項(xiàng)與“儲(chǔ)水器”、“注水”有關(guān)，因此此處選C項(xiàng)，說明給儲(chǔ)水器注水的注意事項(xiàng)。7、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此處標(biāo)題為"Temperatureandsteamcontrol(溫度和蒸汽控制)"。剩下的A、B、D、E、F五個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，steam與temperature同時(shí)出現(xiàn)的只有B項(xiàng)。再回到文中看下面的文字，都是解釋熨斗有兩個(gè)按鈕來調(diào)節(jié)蒸汽與溫度到所需強(qiáng)度的，B項(xiàng)是說如果熨斗產(chǎn)生的是水滴而不是水蒸氣，那么是溫度設(shè)置太低。是對“溫度和蒸汽控制”的舉例說明，因此選B項(xiàng)。8、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此處標(biāo)題為“Pressingbutton(‘按下’按鈕)”。剩下的A、D、E、F四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有D、E兩項(xiàng)有thisbutton出現(xiàn)，很明顯是對這個(gè)Pressingbutton的解釋，但是，標(biāo)題之后的解釋性文字“連續(xù)使用此按鈕不要超過五次”提供不了解題線索，因此可以放置一邊，先做下一題，回過頭來再選答案。9、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此處標(biāo)題為“Suitscreaseerasing(適合消除褶皺)”。在剩下的選項(xiàng)中，只有F項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)了removecreases能對標(biāo)題做出解釋，因此選F項(xiàng)，是講熨平褶皺需要注意的事項(xiàng)。原文標(biāo)題下面的文字中有holdtheiron…closetothefabricbutwithouttouchingit(將熨斗靠近織物但是不要觸碰)也與F項(xiàng)中的holdtheironatasufficientdistancefromsilkandwool(將熨斗與絲和羊毛織物保持足夠距離)前后呼應(yīng)，說明F為正確選項(xiàng)。文中接下來提到holddownthepressingbutton…Thesteamproduced…，由此可以推斷出按下pressingbutton后，熨斗會(huì)產(chǎn)生蒸汽。回到第3題，看D、E兩項(xiàng)，D項(xiàng)提到thisbuttonactivatesasupershotofsteam(pressingbutton會(huì)產(chǎn)生超強(qiáng)蒸汽流)，而E項(xiàng)說thisbuttonactivatesajetofcoldwater(pressingbutton會(huì)噴出一股冷水)，很明顯D項(xiàng)正確，因此第3題選D項(xiàng)。10、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：做到此題的時(shí)候，只剩下了A項(xiàng)與E項(xiàng)。此處標(biāo)題為“Auto-clean(自動(dòng)清潔)”，下文中提到建議要經(jīng)常使用auto-cleansystem，因此所填選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該講auto—cleansystem怎么用。A項(xiàng)中也出現(xiàn)了auto-clean一詞，并且恰恰是說自動(dòng)清潔系統(tǒng)的使用方法。而且A項(xiàng)提到anycalciumdepositswillbewashedoutbythesteam(蒸汽會(huì)除掉任何鈣質(zhì)沉積物)，與原文中的inorderthatyourirondoesnotbecomefurredup(為了防止您的熨斗生垢)前后呼應(yīng)，說明自動(dòng)清潔系統(tǒng)經(jīng)常使用可以防止熨斗生垢，因此A項(xiàng)正確。[A]SetaGoodExampleforYourKids[B]BuildYourKids'WorkSkills[C]PlaceTimeLimitsonLeisureActivities[D]TalkabouttheFutureonaRegularBasis[E]HelpKidsDevelopCopingStrategies[F]HelpYourKidsFigureOutWhoTheyAre[G]BuildYourKids'SenseofResponsibilityMothersandfatherscandoalottoensureasafelandinginearlyadulthoodfortheirkids.Evenifajob'sstartingsalaryseemstoosmalltosatisfyanemergingadult'sneedforrapidcontent,thetransitionfromschooltoworkcanbelessofasetbackifthestart-upadultisreadyforthemove.Hereareafewmeasures,drawnfrommybookReadyorNot,HereLifeComes,thatparentscantaketopreventwhatIcall"work-lifeuneasiness".【C1】______Youcanstartthisprocesswhentheyare11or12.Periodicallyreviewtheiremergingstrengthsandweaknesseswiththemandworktogetheronanyshortcomings,likedifficultyincommunicatingwellorcollaborating.Also,identifythekindsofintereststheykeepcomingbackto,astheseoffercluestothecareersthatwillfitthembest.【C2】______Kidsneedarangeofauthenticrolemodels—asopposedtomembersoftheirclique,popstarsandvauntedathletes.Haveregulardinner-tablediscussionsaboutpeoplethefamilyknowsandhowtheygotwheretheyare.Discussthejoysanddownsidesofyourowncareerandencourageyourkidstoformsomeideasabouttheirownfuture.Whenaskedwhattheywanttodo,theyshouldbediscouragedfromsaying"Ihavenoidea."Theycanchangetheirminds200times,buthavingonlyafoggyviewofthefutureisoflittlegood.【C3】______Teachersareresponsibleforteachingkidshowtolearn;parentsshouldberesponsibleforteachingthemhowtowork.Assignresponsibilitiesaroundthehouseandmakesurehomeworkdeadlinesaremet.Encourageteenagerstotakeapart-timejob.Kidsneedplentyofpracticedelayinggratificationanddeployingeffectiveorganizationalskills,suchasmanagingtimeandsettingpriorities.【C4】______Playingvideogamesencouragesimmediatecontent.AndhoursofwatchingTVshowswithcannedlaughteronlyteacheskidstoprocessinformationinapassiveway.Atthesametime,listeningthroughearphonestothesamemonotonousbeatsforlongstretchesencourageskidstostayinsidetheirbubbleinsteadofpursuingotherendeavors.Alltheseactivitiescanpreventthegrowthofimportantcommunicationandthinkingskillsandmakeitdifficultforkidstodevelopthekindofsustainedconcentrationtheywillneedformostjobs.【C5】______Theyshouldknowhowtodealwithsetbacks,stressesandfeelingsofinadequacy.Theyshouldalsolearnhowtosolveproblemsandresolveconflicts,waystobrainstormandthinkcritically.Discussionsathomecanhelpkidspracticedoingthesethingsandhelpthemapplytheseskillstoeverydaylifesituations.Whataboutthesonordaughterwhoisgrownbutseemstobestrugglingandwanderingaimlesslythroughearlyadulthood?Parentsstillhaveamajorroletoplay,butnowitismoredelicate.Theyhavetobecarefulnottocomeacrossasdisappointedintheirchild.Theyshouldexhibitstronginterestandrespectforwhatevercurrentlyintereststheirfledgingadult(asnaiveorillconceivedasitmayseem)whilebecomingapartnerinexploringoptionsforthefuture.Mostofall,thesenewadultsmustfeelthattheyarerespectedandsupportedbyafamilythatappreciatesthem.11、【C1】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題所在的段落共有三句話。第一句告訴我們對象的年齡是1l歲或12歲；第二句是說要定期的幫助孩子反思自己的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，揚(yáng)長避短；第三句是補(bǔ)充說明，幫孩子找出他們的興趣點(diǎn)。也就是說家長們應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助孩子認(rèn)識(shí)自我，從而讓孩子在未來職業(yè)選擇中揚(yáng)長避短。因此F項(xiàng)“幫助孩子了解自己”為正確選項(xiàng)。12、【C2】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題所在的段落共有五句話。第一句是說孩子需要大量真實(shí)的人物模范；第二、三、四句是說要經(jīng)常跟孩子討論未來并積極鼓勵(lì)他們：最后一句話是說對未來的清晰認(rèn)識(shí)更有益于他們的成長和發(fā)展。所以很明顯本段在討論經(jīng)常討論未來，才更有益孩子發(fā)展。因此D項(xiàng)“定期談?wù)撽P(guān)于未來的話題”為正確選項(xiàng)。13、【C3】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題共有四句話。第一句是說老師和家長有責(zé)任教孩子學(xué)習(xí)和工作；第二、三、四句是說孩子需要做家庭作業(yè)、做兼職、大量練習(xí)組織管理等技能。所以本題的核心思想是幫助孩子形成工作技能。因此B項(xiàng)“增強(qiáng)孩子的工作技能”為正確選項(xiàng)。14、【C4】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題所在段落共有四句話。前三句話是說玩視頻游戲、看電視、耳機(jī)聽單調(diào)音樂不僅浪費(fèi)大量時(shí)間，而且對孩子無益。最后一句是說上面這些活動(dòng)阻礙了孩子交際和思考能力的發(fā)育，同時(shí)影響著孩子的注意力。所以作者想要表達(dá)的是休閑時(shí)間應(yīng)該有所限制，而不應(yīng)該沉溺、放縱其中。因此C項(xiàng)“對業(yè)余活動(dòng)時(shí)間加以限制”為正確選項(xiàng)。15、【C5】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題所在段落共有三句話。前兩句作者連續(xù)采用了“theyshould…”并列結(jié)構(gòu)來強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)會(huì)處理解決問題的能力的重要性。第三句是對第二句的補(bǔ)充，建議多在家討論是不錯(cuò)的方式。因此E項(xiàng)“幫助孩子培養(yǎng)應(yīng)對策略”為正確選項(xiàng)。考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Thesweetconfectionknownaschocolateisconsumedtothedelightofmillionsworldwideeveryday.Fewofthosesweet-toothednibblersfullyappreciatethelongprocessbywhichchocolateisbroughttotheirmouths,however.Withanillustrioushistory,thestoryofchocolateisafascinatingone,almostrivalingitstastefortheattentionofitsfans.Thedarktreat'slifebeginsintheformofthedark,pulpyseedsofthecocoatree,knownaschocolatebeans.TheMayansofSouthernMexicoharvestedthesebeanstoproduceabitterdrink,markingthemasthefirsttoconsumechocolate.Thefirstwesternertoencounterchocolate,however,wasnoneotherthanChristopherColumbus,whodiscoveredanabandonedcanoeintheAmericancontainingvarioustradinggoods,includingtheaforementionedchocolatebeans,onAugust15,1502.AfterHernandoCortezencounteredtheMayansandtheircuriousdrink,chocolatequicklybecamepopularamongthenobilityinEurope,whosweeteneditwithsugar.In1882,chocolatepioneerConradJ.VonHoutenearnedthedistinctionofbeingtheinventorofsolidchocolatewhenhepulverizedthebeanstocreateapowder,whichcouldthenbemixedtocreateasolidform.VonHouten'sinnovationmadechocolateevenmorepopular,allowingittospreadtothemasses,particularinEngland,whichwasmoreegalitarianthanmostotherEuropeannations.Solidchocolatetookoff,neverlookingback,andhasyettoslowdownatall.Thehealthimplicationsofeatingchocolatearevaried,dependingonwhichreportsonechoosestoread.Ingeneral,mostofthenegativepressthatchocolatehasreceivedovertheyearshasbeenrefuted.Theclaimthatconsumingchocolateproducesacnehasbeendisprovedinrecentyears,andithasevenbeenconcludedinsomestudiesthateatingchocolatecancontributetopreventingheartdisease.Astowhychocolateloversseemsohappy,sciencehasprovidedsomeinsightintothatquestionaswell.Ithasbeendeterminedthatchocolatecontainscertainelementssuchascaffeinethatincreasetheproductionofanandamides,thechemicalproducedbythebodythatmakesusfeelgood.Further,otherchemicalscontainedinchocolatehavebeenproventoinhibitthebreakdownofthoseanandamides,makingthegoodfeelinglastlonger.1、Themainpurposeofthistextisto______.A、convincethereaderofthebeneficialeffectsofconsumingchocolateB、educatethereaderonthehistoryofchocolateC、informthereaderonthedevelopmentofchocolateanditscontinuedstudytodayD、scientificallyexaminetheimplicationsofchocolateconsumptioninthepastandatpresent標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬主旨思想題。文章第一段第二、三句指出：這些喜愛吃甜食的人當(dāng)中很少有人充分認(rèn)識(shí)到巧克力在人口之前經(jīng)歷的漫長過程。巧克力曾經(jīng)有過輝煌的歷史，它的故事很吸引人……。第二、三段詳細(xì)介紹了巧克力的發(fā)展史；第四、五段介紹了有關(guān)巧克力的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。由此可知，本文的主要目的是告訴讀者有關(guān)巧克力的歷史與研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。因此，選項(xiàng)C正確。選項(xiàng)A是文章最后兩段的內(nèi)容，不能概括全文；選項(xiàng)B是第二、三段的內(nèi)容，也不全面；選項(xiàng)D的內(nèi)容在最后一段提及，不能概括全文。2、Thehealtheffectsofeatingchocolatearediscussedinparagraph4soasto______.A、persuadethereaderthateatingchocolateisnotharmfulB、informthereaderofthecurrentstatusofthestudyofchocolate’shealtheffectsC、refuteclaimsthatchocolateconsumptionisbadforone’shealthD、advocatethepositionthatchocolateisbeneficialtohealth標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬信息推斷題。相關(guān)信息在第四段第二句：從總體來看，這些年來大多數(shù)關(guān)于巧克力的負(fù)面評論都遭到了駁斥。下文是舉例說明，由此可知，選項(xiàng)C正確，探討吃巧克力對健康的影響，目的就是反駁吃巧克力對人體健康不利的主張)。選項(xiàng)A、D與本句的意思不符：只有大多數(shù)有關(guān)巧克力的負(fù)面評論被駁斥，這不能肯定地說明吃巧克力就沒有害處。選項(xiàng)B與本段最后一句不符，句中使用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)hasbeen和時(shí)間狀語inrecentyears，由此可推斷這些都是最近幾年的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，并不是現(xiàn)在的。3、Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat______.A、asstudiescontinue,morepositivehealtheffectsrelatedtoconsumingchocolatewillbediscoveredB、inthepast,consumingchocolatewasconsideredbadforone’shealthC、thehistoryofchocolateextendsevenfurtherthanwhatispresentlyknownD、eatingchocolateconstantlywillresultinsustained,long-termhappiness標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬信息推斷題。通過第四段第一、二句：關(guān)于吃巧克力與健康的密切關(guān)系有不同的說法，……這些年來，大多數(shù)有關(guān)巧克力的負(fù)面評論都遭到了駁斥，可推斷選項(xiàng)B正確(過去，人們認(rèn)為吃巧克力對身體有害)。選項(xiàng)A在文中沒有推理依據(jù)；選項(xiàng)C與第二段內(nèi)容不符，該段非?？隙ǖ卣f明了巧克力的歷史；選項(xiàng)D中的constantly和sustained無法從文中推出。4、VonHouten’scontributiontothedevelopmentofchocolateisimportantbecauseit______.A、producedchocolateinaformneverseenbeforeB、increasedthemarketabilityofchocolateasaconsumergoodC、improvedthetasteofchocolateD、madechocolateavailabletomorepeople,speedingitsgrowth標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬信息歸納題。題目中的關(guān)鍵詞VonHouten出現(xiàn)在第三段第二、三、四句：1882年，巧克力的先驅(qū)康拉德·J·凡·胡騰因?yàn)榘l(fā)明了固體巧克力而成名……他的革新使巧克力更加受人歡迎，還使它深入到了平民尤其是英格蘭的平民當(dāng)中，……此后從沒有出現(xiàn)過停滯，也沒有降溫的跡象。由此可知，選項(xiàng)D正確。選項(xiàng)A不是主要原因；選項(xiàng)B只是部分原因；選項(xiàng)C在文中沒有提到。5、Allofthefollowingwereassertedbytheauthortobepositivecharacteristicsofchocolateexcept______.A、anillustrioushistoryB、inarguablypositivehealthbenefitsC、delicioustasteD、positiveeffectsonhappiness標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題目問：在下面有關(guān)巧克力的正面特點(diǎn)的選項(xiàng)中，哪一個(gè)不是作者在文中明確表明的?選項(xiàng)A、C都在第一段最后一句中提到；選項(xiàng)D的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在最后一段。選項(xiàng)B(inarguable意為“不容爭辯的”)與第四段第一、二句內(nèi)容不符，巧克力對身體是好是壞還是有爭議的。因此，選項(xiàng)B正確。ThefreemarketeconomyisnodoubttheprimarystimulusthathasledtotheUnitedStates'dominanceintheworldeconomiccommunity.Bynaturallyrewardingthoseproducersthatexcel,excellenceisactivelyencouragedandthosethatinefficientlyproducegoodsorservicesnotvaluedareeliminated.Thus,theeconomybecomesaself-sustainingandself-maintainingmachine,consistentlyandconstantlyachievingthebestpossibleresult.Thefreemarketeconomyisentirelybasedontheprincipleofsupplyanddemand.Underthisconcept,consumersdecideforthemselveswhichcompanieswillstayinbusiness,votingwiththeirdollarsbyspendingonthosebusinessestheyconsidermostworthy.Bydoingso,thosecompaniesthatarebestliked,ormostindemand,aregrantedtheprivilegeofsupplyingthegoodsandservicesthatconsumerspayfor.Inthatsense,efficiencyisachieved.Thosecompaniesthatbestperformtotheexpectationsofconsumersareleftprosperousinthemarket,whiletheirlessefficientcounterpartssimplydieoutofthemarket,starvedofthedollarsofconsumerswhosimplyprefernottobuytheirproducts.Withsuchasysteminplace,Americanbusinessesareliterallyforcedtobeefficienttothehighestdegree.Asarule,what'sefficientinoneplacewillbeefficientinmostotherplaces,thusAmericanbusinessesarefiercecompetitorsnomatterwheretheychoosetoselltheirproduct,havingbeenformedinacompetitiveenvironmentthatbreedsoptimality.Whentheoppositionismadeupofbusinessesoverlyprotectedordirectedbytheirrespectivegovernments,thetoughAmericanbusinessesusuallymakeshortworkofthem.Ithasbeenproventhatthefreemarketsystemmoreefficientlyallocatescapitalandresourcesthananycentralplannercould,andAmericahasseizedonthatconcept.Withsuchanedgeatabasiclevel,it'snowonderthattheUnitedStatesisontopofthefinancialworld.Thecycleisaself-perpetuatingone.Asmoremoneyispumpedintothesystembyefficientbusinesses,moreleverageisattained,allowingAmericatodictatetherulesofthegame,toitsownadvantage,ofcourse.OthercountriesarebeginningtoadoptthecompetitivenatureoftheAmericaneconomicsystem,producingcompaniesthataregivingtheirAmericancounterpartsagoodrunfortheirmoney.Itcanbearguablystatedthatwithinafewdecades,theUnitedStateswillhavetodealwithcompetitionjustaswellequippedasitsown.Forthetimebeing,however,thegameisstackedinfavorofAmerica.6、ItisarguedthattherelativeefficiencyofAmericanbusinesses______.A、willdecreaseintimeasothernationsimitatethemethodsoftheAmericaneconomyB、resultsinAmericandominanceinallfinancialmarketsC、maynotlastindefinitely,ascompetitionisnolongeratraitcharacteristiconlyoftheAmericaneconomyD、isaresultsolelyofthecompetitiveenvironmentinwhichthosebusinessesaredeveloped標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬信息推斷題。文章最后一段第一句指出：其他國家開始借鑒美國經(jīng)濟(jì)體制具備的競爭性特點(diǎn)，建立公司與美國同行展開激烈的競爭。由此可推知，選項(xiàng)C正確。選項(xiàng)A與文章最后兩句內(nèi)容不符，原文說未來的幾十年中，美國將遇到勢均力敵的競爭對手……但現(xiàn)在美國是有優(yōu)勢的。選項(xiàng)B與第四段第三句內(nèi)容不符，all過于絕對。選項(xiàng)D(solely)概括得太絕對，與原文第一句內(nèi)容不符，原文說自由市場經(jīng)濟(jì)無疑是使美國處于世界經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢地位的主要促進(jìn)因素，但沒有說它是唯一的原因。7、Paragraph4assertsthat______.A、AmericanbusinessesholdtheupperhandwherevertheycompeteB、theedgedevelopedbyconstantcompetitionservesAmericanbusinesseswellinalmostallinternationalmarketsC、governmentcontroloverbusinessprocessesinvariablyresultsininferiorcompaniesD、overtime,theadvantageenjoyedbyAmericanbusinesseswillonlygrowinmagnitude,fueledbycontinuedgrowth,dominanceandinfusionofresources標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬主旨思想題。作者在第四段中充分肯定了美國自由競爭機(jī)制帶來的優(yōu)勢：與其他國家的中央計(jì)劃體制相比，它對企業(yè)產(chǎn)品競爭和資金、資源分配都很有利。因此，選項(xiàng)B符合此意。選項(xiàng)A與第四段第一句內(nèi)容不符，原文中使用了usually，而選項(xiàng)中使用了wherever，表達(dá)的意義過于絕對：選項(xiàng)C無法從文中推出。選項(xiàng)D與最后一段第二句的意思不符，原文說：大概可以說在未來的幾十年中，美國將遇到勢均力敵的競爭對手。8、Thebesttitleforthistextwouldbe______.A、AmericaasthePrototypeforFutureWorldBusinessB、TheAmericanEdge:CompetitionC、AStudyofCurrentAmericanBusinessStructureD、AHistoricalAnalysisofAmerica’sCompetitiveAdvantage標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬主旨思想題。文章第一句就點(diǎn)明主題：自由市場經(jīng)濟(jì)無疑是使美國處于世界經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢地位的主要促進(jìn)因素。接下來的幾段具體介紹了這種自由市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)行機(jī)制和好處，最后一段做出總結(jié)和預(yù)測：未來美國將會(huì)遇到勁敵，但現(xiàn)在的形勢還是有利的。由此可知，文章通篇強(qiáng)調(diào)的是競爭給美國帶來的優(yōu)勢，故選項(xiàng)B正確。選項(xiàng)A的題目太大、太泛，超出了原文的范圍；選項(xiàng)C、D都是文中細(xì)節(jié)，不能覆蓋整篇文章的主題思想。9、Theauthorwouldmostlikelyagreewiththeassertionthat______.A、AmericanbusinessesaresuperiortotheirforeigncounterpartsinallaspectsduetotheircompetitivenatureB、inthefuture,AmericanbusinesseswillhavetochangeandadaptinordertomeetthenewcompetitionpresentedbyforeigncompaniesemulatingtheirwaysC、withitsfree-marketnature,AmericanbusinessescouldeasilycompeteagainstitsforeigncounterpartsD、thefree-marketeconomicsystemissuperiortoallothermarketsystemscurrentlyknown標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬態(tài)度推斷題。題目問：作者最有可能同意的論點(diǎn)是什么?最后一段指出：其他國家開始借鑒美國經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，將來美國會(huì)遇到勢均力敵的競爭對手。由此可推知，美國必須對此做出調(diào)整以迎接新的競爭。因此，選項(xiàng)B正確。選項(xiàng)A中的all概括得太廣，與原文內(nèi)容不符；選項(xiàng)C與原文第一句不符，原文指出自由市場經(jīng)濟(jì)是美國占世界經(jīng)濟(jì)主導(dǎo)地位的主要原因，從中可推斷，除此之外還存在其他因素。選項(xiàng)D過于絕對，原文說：自由市場體制比任何中央計(jì)劃體制都能更有效地分配資金和資源，但并不代表它比任何經(jīng)濟(jì)體制都優(yōu)越。10、Theauthorismostcriticalof______.A、America’sabilitytomaintainitscompetitiveadvantageinthefutureB、thepossibilitythatnon-Americancompanieswillbeabletocompeteformuchlonger,giventheirdisadvantagesC、thelikelihoodofsuccessforanycompanythatdoesnotadoptthefree-marketmethodD、governmentinterventioninanation’seconomicsystem標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬態(tài)度推斷題。題目問：作者最有可能批評的是什么?第四段第一、二句指出：如果遇到的競爭對手是受到各自政府過度保護(hù)或領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的企業(yè)，強(qiáng)大的美國企業(yè)通常都能迅速把它們解決。事實(shí)已經(jīng)證明，自由市場體制比任何中央計(jì)劃體制都能更有效地分配資金和資源……。由此可推斷，作者對政府干預(yù)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制持反對意見。因此，選項(xiàng)D正確。選項(xiàng)A與第一段最后一句意思不符，原文明確指出：經(jīng)濟(jì)變成了一臺(tái)能維持自我發(fā)展和維護(hù)自我運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的機(jī)器，始終如一地取得所能達(dá)到的最好結(jié)果，從中可以看出作者對美國經(jīng)濟(jì)良性循環(huán)的信心。選項(xiàng)B、C都在原文中沒有推理依據(jù)。"Historyiswrittenbythevictors."Thisfamousphrasereverberatesthroughoutthehallsofhistory,constantlyremindingustotakeallthatwelearnwithagrainofsalt,knowingthattheinformationprovidedforourdisseminationwasprovided,shapedandinfluencedbythoselefttoholdthepenthatrecordedit.Inthatrespect,oneoftheworstcrimesagainsthistoryistherevisionofit,thealteringoftherecordofthepastsoastoreflecttheviewpointofabiasedgroupwhostandtobenefitfromthealteredversion.Byrevisingthelensbywhichhistoryisjudged,valuableinformationislost,tothedetrimentofbothstudentsofthefieldaswellastheawarenessthatcomesfromexperience.Withoutanaccuratelyrecordedaccounttoserveasaguidinglight,nationsandsocietiesarelefttostumbletheirwayabouttheiraffairs,ignorantofwhathasandhasn'tworkedbefore,andunawareofwhatpasteventsshapedanddeterminedtheirpresentsituation.Suchdismalsituationsemergefromsimplepride,aswellasthedesireoftherevisioniststodepictthemselvesinabetterlighttoposterityortocoverupanembarrassinglegacy,nomatterthecosttothefuture.RecentattemptsbynationsinvolvedintheSecondWorldWartominimizeorerasealtogethercertainshamefulincidentsfromtheirhistorytextbookshasbeenmetwithinternationaloutrageandprotest,andrightlyso.Byallowingfuturegenerationstoforgetorneverevenlearnabouthowtheirancestorsstumbledonthepathtoprogress,theexperiencesofthosewhosufferedasaresultofthosemistakesaretrivializedandmadetobeinvain.Also,afalsesenseofnationalidentityemerges,inconsistentandinaccurateinitsformation.Bothareheinousresultsforbothnationalsofthatparticularnationaswellasthoseoftheinternationalcommunity,whosestoriesintertwinetoformthelargerpicture.Whenasinglestringinthetapestryofworldhistoryisunraveledbyrevision,theentirepiecebecomesaweakerone,subjecttoadditionalmodificationatthewhimofthosewhowouldliketousehistoryasatoolfortheirownpurposes,evenifitmeansfundamentallychangingit.Thisoutcomemustbeavoidedatallcosts,firstlybynotallowingaprecedenttobeestablishedthatmakesitacceptable,eveninasinglecase,tocommittherevision.Otherwise,humansasaracewillfallpreytoyetanotheroft-quotedphrase:"History,ifforgotten,isdoomedtoberepeated."11、Thefirstlineofthetextimpliesthat______.A、historicalaccountsareinvariablycoloredbytheviewsandstancesofthosewhoemergedvictoriousB、thosewhohavethepowertodosowillofteninfluencerecordingofeventstofavorthemselvesC、thosewhoaredefeatedhavelittleornosayinthedocumentationoftheirstruggle,resultinginabiasedaccountD、thewinnersinastrugglehavethemoralobligationtoaccuratelyrecordevents標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)