考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷1（共190題）

考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷1（共9套）（共190題）考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共25題，每題1.0分，共25分。)ThelowerhouseofAustralia'sParliamentpassedsweepingchangesinimmigrationpolicyonWednesdaythataremeanttodiscouragedeterasylumseekerswhotrytoreachthecountrybythethousandseachyearonrickety,overcrowdedshipsandboats.Inamajorreversal,themeasureswouldreopenachainofoffshoredetentioncentersthathumanrightsgroupshavecriticizedasinhumaneandpossiblyillegal.TheLaborgovernmentofPrimeMinisterJuliaGillardlargelyabandoneduseofthedetentioncenterswhenitcametopowerin2007.Themeasurespassedthelowerhousewiththebackingofboththegoverningpartyandtheoppositioncoalition,withonlytwolawmakersvotingagainstthem,andtheupperhouseisexpectedtoapprovethemthisweek.Butthedebatewasemotionalandcontentious,descendingattimesintoashoutingmatch."Thisisnottheendoftheeffortstodealwithwhatisthevery,very,very,verypernicioustradeofpeoplesmuggling,whichtradesonpeople'slivesandgivespeopletheexpectationthatinreturnforverysignificantsumsofmoneytheycanbebroughttoAustraliaforpassage,"ChrisBowen,theimmigrationminister,toldthelowerhouse.Thoughtheoppositioncoalitionvotedforthemeasure,itseemeddeterminedtoscoreasmanypoliticalpointsaspossiblefromLabor'schangeofcourse.ManyLabormembersleftthefloorinprotestastheirrivalsexcoriatedthegovernment.Theoppositionleader,TonyAbbott,demandedaformalapologyfromMs.GillardforLabor'spreviouspolicy,whichhesaidencouragedriskyattemptstoreachAustralia."After,tragically,almost1,000deathsatseaandafter$4.7billionhasbeenblownbecauseofthegovernment'sborderprotectionfailures,theprimeministerhasfinallyseenthesenseofwhattheoppositionhasbeenproposingallalong,"Mr.Abbottsaid,adding,"Thisgovernment'sfailuresgavethepeoplesmugglersabusinessmodel."Australiahastriedforyearstofindapolicythatwilldeterwould-beimmigrantsfromtryingtomakethe220-milecrossingfromJavatoChristmasIsland,aremotespotintheIndianOceanthatisAustralia'sclosestpointtoIndonesia.Morethan600migrantsboundforAustraliahavediedinaccidentsatseasince2009.Domesticandinternationalhumanrightsgroupshavecondemnedthepracticeofdetainingtheasylumseekersforlongperiodsincampsoverseaswhiletheircasesareprocessed,sayingthatthepracticeiscruelandviolatesAustralia'sobligationsundertheUnitedNationsrefugeeconvention.DavidManne,aprominenthumanrightslawyerwhosucceededinblockingaproposallastyeartoprocessmigrantsinMalaysia,calledthenewlegislationtheproductof"interminablepoliticaljoustingtoseewhohastheharshestpoliciesfordealingwiththesepeople.""Really,allthatdeterrencepolicieslikethisdoissweepvulnerablepeoplefromourdoorsteptodangerselsewhere,"hesaidbeforethevoteinParliament.1、WhyisthechangeinAustralia’simmigrationpolicycalledareversal?A、Becausethenewpolicycanchangethepresenttrendofhumansmuggling.B、Becauseitisbackedwithboththegovernmentandtheoppositioncoalition.C、Becauseitincludesthereuseofsomemeasuresthatwereabandonedbefore.D、Becauseithascausedtheaccusationofmanyhumanrightsgroups.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞reversal定位至第二段第一句。該句指出，按照新的移民政策，澳大利亞將重新開放海外拘留中心。而該段第二句又說(shuō)，自2007年以來(lái)，這些拘留中心大多都已經(jīng)被棄置不用。由此可推斷，[C]與原文意思相符，故為答案。該題的關(guān)鍵詞為reversal，意為“逆轉(zhuǎn)，回轉(zhuǎn)”，[A]中非法移民趨勢(shì)的改變、[B]中政府和反對(duì)黨都支持法案的通過(guò)以及[D]中人權(quán)組織的指責(zé)都無(wú)法被稱為逆轉(zhuǎn)，故排除。2、Theword"pernicious"(Line1,Para.4)probablymeansA、profitable.B、illegal.C、continual.D、destructive.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)義理解題。根據(jù)題干提示定位至第四段。文章第一段就提到了澳大利亞政府正在加大力度應(yīng)對(duì)非法人境者，再加上pernicious一詞前面的四個(gè)very的修飾，可以推測(cè)出該詞應(yīng)該是描述非法入境這一行為非?？蓯海瑢?duì)澳大利亞造成了很壞的影響，[D]符合句意，故為正確答案。[A]“有利可圖的”和[C]“持續(xù)的”明顯與原文中該詞意思不符，故排除；而[B]“非法的”雖然意思相近，但該詞意不適合用very進(jìn)行修飾，故也排除。3、ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheoppositioncoalitionA、believedthatthegovernment’snewpolicymadesense.B、doubtedtherealeffectofthegovernment’snewimmigrationpolicy.C、accusedtheLaborgovernmentoffailingindealingwithpeoplesmuggling.D、wereforcedtovoteforthegovernment’snewimmigrationpolicy.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theoppositioncoalition定位至第五段前兩句。第一句說(shuō)雖然反對(duì)派投票支持了總統(tǒng)的新移民政策，但卻想方設(shè)法從中謀取政治資本，因此，他們指責(zé)政府在處理移民問(wèn)題時(shí)是非常失敗的。[C]與原文意思相符，故為答案。[A]“反對(duì)黨認(rèn)為政府的法案合理”明顯與文章意思不符，故排除；反對(duì)黨對(duì)政府的指責(zé)非常明確，而不僅僅是懷疑政府的這項(xiàng)法案的真實(shí)效果，故排除[B]；文中并沒(méi)有說(shuō)明反對(duì)黨是不得已才投了贊成票，故排除[D]。4、Accordingtothepassage,theChristmasIslandisA、oneofAustralianislandslyingintheIndianOcean.B、220milesawayfromthemainlandofAustralia.C、theportwherepeoplecaneasilygetintoAustralia.D、Australia’snearestspottothecountryofJava.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theChristmasIsland定位至第七段第一句，由該句可知，圣誕島是印度洋中的一個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)的小島，為澳大利亞領(lǐng)土。顯然[A]與原文意思相符，故為答案。該句說(shuō)圣誕島與爪哇之間的距離為220公里，并不是與澳大利亞大陸之間的距離為220公里，故排除[B]；雖然該句說(shuō)法案阻止了試圖從海路登上圣誕島從而進(jìn)入澳大利亞的移民，但文章并沒(méi)有說(shuō)該處是最容易進(jìn)入澳大利亞的港口，因此排除[C]；文中說(shuō)明該島是澳大利亞與印度尼西亞之間距離最近的地點(diǎn)，并不是與爪哇之間距離最近的地點(diǎn)，因此排除[D]。5、WecanlearnfromthepassagethatDavidManneA、thinksthepolicyistheharshestoneeverapproved.B、believesthepolicywillinfluencethepoliticalsituation.C、votedagainstthenewlegislationintheParliament.D、thinksthepolicyisunlikelytohelpthosevulnerablepeople.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞DavidManne定位至第九段。這一段主要闡述了著名律師DavidManne的觀點(diǎn)，他認(rèn)為澳大利亞的新移民政策只是把大量弱勢(shì)群體驅(qū)趕到其他地方，使他們承擔(dān)別樣的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，是一種殘酷且不能真正幫助那些需要幫助的人的政策。因此[D]與原文意思相符，故為答案。該段沒(méi)有提到這位律師認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)法案是最殘酷的，因此排除[A]；第九段中也沒(méi)有提到律師認(rèn)為該項(xiàng)法案對(duì)政治局勢(shì)產(chǎn)生影響，因此排除[B]；文章中沒(méi)有說(shuō)這位律師參與了該項(xiàng)法案的投票，因此排除[C]。"Iwouldn'tbeheretodayifnotforthegenerosityofstrangers,"saidMichaelMoritz,whileannouncingamajordonationtoOxfordUniversity.AformerTimemagazinereporter,Mr.MoritzleftjournalismtobecomeoneofthemostsuccessfulventurecapitalistsinSiliconValley.ThroughSequoiaCapital,thefirmhejoinedin1986andhasledformanyyears,Mr.MoritzwasanearlyinvestorinGoogle,Yahoo,PayPalandLinkedln.Hispersonalfortuneisestimatedatwellover$1billion.OxfordUniversityannouncedlastWednesdaythatheandhiswife,thenovelistHarrietHeyman,donated￡75million,or$115million,tofundanewscholarshipprogramaimedatprovidingfinancialaidtostudentsfromlow-incomebackgrounds.Behindtheheadlinesaboutthesizeofthegiftwasafamilystoryofimmigration,educationandasenseofobligationthattranscendedgenerations."IgrewupinCardiff,wenttoanordinarycomprehensiveschool,andwastheonlypupilinmyyeartogotoOxbridge,"Mr.Moritzexplained."MyfatherwaspluckedasateenagerfromNaziGermanyandwasabletoattendaverygoodschoolinLondononascholarship."Inaninterviewafterward,Mr.Moritzsaidthathisfather,Alfred,hadgrownupinMunich,wherehisfatherwasajudgewholosthispostwhentheNaziscametopower.Mr.Moritz'smother,Doris,waspartoftheKindertransport,arescueeffortthattookabout9,300unaccompanied,mostlyJewishchildrenfromGermany,Austria,PolandandCzechoslovakiatoBritainshortlybeforetheoutbreakofWorldWarII."Myfather'scousin,FritzUrsell,wasalsorescuedfromterriblecircumstances.WhenhecametoBritain,healsobenefitedfromscholarships,andgrewuptobecomeamemberoftheRoyalSociety,"saidMr.Moritz."Itisalltooeasynottoremember,"saidMr.Moritz,whowasahistorymajorandtheeditorofOxford'sstudentliterarymagazine,asanundergraduatebeforecompletinganM.B.A.attheWhartonSchooloftheUniversityofPennsylvania.InMay,Mr.Mortizannouncedthathehadbeendiagnosedwithararemedicalconditionwhichisincurable.Buthepreferrednottonamethedisease."Iwantedtobeopenwithmypartnersandwiththepublic.ButIdidn'twanteveryghoulontheInternetfollowingme."CharlotteAnderson,asecond-yearstudentstudyingGermanatOxfordandthefirstpersoninherfamilytogotoauniversity,saidthatanxietyabouttakingondebthadnearlykeptherfromacceptingtheofferfromtheschool."It'sgreattothinkthatfuturestudentswhofollowmecandosowithoutthefearthatIwentthrough,"shesaidwhileattendingthenewsconference.Askedwhethertheuniversity'scampaigntofinancestudentscholarshipsthroughprivatedonationsratherthangovernmentfundingmeantthatOxfordwasgivingupeffortstosecuremorepublicsupport,theuniversity'schancellor,ChrisPatten,aformerConservativeministertoPrimeMinistersMargaretThatcherandJohnMajor,jokedthathewas"nolongerallowedtohaveanypoliticalviews."6、Accordingtothepassage,Mr.MoritzA、wantedtodosomethingtorepaythehelphehadoncereceived.B、graduatedfromOxfordUniversitywithaMBAdegreein1986.C、showedhisinterestandtalentinventurecapitalismasajournalist.D、boughtearlystocksofGoogle,Yahoo,PayPalandLinkedln.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Mr．Moritz定位至第一段第一句。該句引用了莫里茨先生的原話“如果不是陌生人的慷慨捐助，我現(xiàn)在不可能站在這里”。由此可知，他本人應(yīng)該曾經(jīng)接受過(guò)陌生人的巨大幫助，而其這次的捐贈(zèng)，是想對(duì)其他的貧困學(xué)生提供幫助。[A]符合文章意思，故為答案。由第三段第一句可知，莫里茨先生的MBA學(xué)位是在賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)拿到的，故排除[B]；第一段第二句說(shuō)莫里茨先生曾經(jīng)是一位新聞?dòng)浾?，然后轉(zhuǎn)行加入了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資公司，但并沒(méi)有說(shuō)他作記者時(shí)就對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資行業(yè)顯示出了興趣與才華，故排除[C]；第一段第三句說(shuō)由于他在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資公司工作，他成了眾多網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司的早期投資者，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)他購(gòu)買了這些公司的股票，因此排除[D]。7、ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthefamilybackgroundofMr.MoritzA、gavehimthemotivetostudyhardtobesuccessful.B、showedhowscholarshipchangedhisfamilymembers’life.C、illustratedthathisfamilyemphasizedoneducationverymuch.D、provedthatimmigrationfamilycanalsomakegreatachievements.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞familybackgroundofMr．Moritz定位至第一段最后一句及第二段。第一段最后一句提到了莫里茨先生捐贈(zèng)的背后是一個(gè)家族的故事，在接下來(lái)的第二段，作者給出了他的家庭背景一他的父親、爺爺、母親以及堂叔都是依靠獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金才得到受教育的機(jī)會(huì)。因此，是獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金和教育改變了他的這些家庭成員的命運(yùn)。[B]與文章內(nèi)容相符，故為答案。文章第二段沒(méi)有提到這些背景給他以激勵(lì)，因此排除[A]；該段提到莫里茨先生有不少家人都依靠獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金才得到了受到良好教育的機(jī)會(huì)，但并沒(méi)有說(shuō)這個(gè)家庭本身主觀上對(duì)教育十分重視，因此排除[C]；綜合全文可知，文章第二段的內(nèi)容并不是突出移民家庭的成功，而是將重點(diǎn)放在了獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金上，因此排除[D]。8、Theword"ghoul"(Line6,Para.3)mostprobablymeansA、apersonwithanunnaturallystronginterestinunpleasantthings.B、anindependentjournalistorreporterwhosellsnewstowebsites.C、alatestnewsitemthatreleasedexclusivelyontheInternet.D、anonlinelinkthatdirectspeopletothemostheatedissue.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)義理解題。根據(jù)題干提示定位至第三段最后一句。根據(jù)上下文可知，莫里茨先生不愿意公開疾病的名稱，他不愿意對(duì)自己的伙伴和公眾有所隱瞞，但是對(duì)于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的某些人，他卻不想被其糾纏上，由此可以推斷，ghoul一詞應(yīng)該是指某種對(duì)別人的不幸很是關(guān)注并以此為樂(lè)的人。由此可知，[A]的意思與ghoul一詞的詞義最為相符，故為答案。9、Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheuniversity’scollectingprivatedonations?A、Indifferent.B、Objective.C、Suspicious.D、Supportive.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章以介紹莫里茨先生的捐款為開頭，繼而引出了這位成功人士的家庭背景及個(gè)人健康狀況。最后，是牛津大學(xué)學(xué)生的態(tài)度和校長(zhǎng)的不作評(píng)論。雖然全文看上去是對(duì)私人捐款的正面描述，但總體來(lái)說(shuō)，作者還是以新聞報(bào)道的語(yǔ)氣，客觀地對(duì)這次大額捐款做出介紹，并沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出對(duì)牛津大學(xué)這一舉措明顯的支持態(tài)度。因此，[B]最符合作者的態(tài)度，故為答案。文章自始至終，都沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出任何負(fù)面的評(píng)價(jià)，因此排除[A]“漠視”和[C]“懷疑”兩種態(tài)度；同樣，作者也沒(méi)有使用任何語(yǔ)言來(lái)表述他本人對(duì)莫里茨先生捐款等內(nèi)容的支持態(tài)度，故排除[D]。10、Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A、AnOxfordgraduatewhowantstohelp.B、Howeducationcanchangeaperson’slife.C、Animmigrationfamily’sstoryofsuccess.D、AlargeamountofprivatedonationtoOxford.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主旨大意題。文章的大量篇幅都用來(lái)描述莫里茨先生的個(gè)人捐款。第二段是他的家庭背景，意在指出獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金對(duì)學(xué)生的影響和幫助。最后一段中，學(xué)生夏洛特的態(tài)度也是在說(shuō)明私人捐助將會(huì)使來(lái)自貧困家庭的學(xué)生受益。因此，總體看來(lái)，文章是圍繞一筆捐贈(zèng)給牛津的私人捐款展開的，故[D]為正確答案。雖然莫里茨先生是牛津大學(xué)的畢業(yè)生，但文章重點(diǎn)是圍繞獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金這一主題展開，而不是把他作為主人公來(lái)記述其事跡貢獻(xiàn)，因此排除[A]；文章并沒(méi)有通過(guò)各種實(shí)例說(shuō)明教育對(duì)人生的改變，因此排除[B]；同樣，文章沒(méi)有圍繞某個(gè)移民家庭的奮斗史展開，故排除[C]。Whatdoyoudowhenacharismaticmarinemammaliswreakinghavocbygorgingonathreatenedspeciesthathumansalsofinddelicious?That'stheawkwardproblemfacedbywildlifemanagersalongtheColumbiaRiverinWashingtonandOregonstates,wheresealionshavebeencongregatingforthepastdecadetofeastonsalmonwaitingtoclimbthefishladdersatthebaseoftheBonnevilleDamontheirspringvoyageuprivertospawn.ToprotecttheChinooksalmonandsteelheadintheriver,someofwhicharelistedasthreatenedpopulations,in2008thestatesofWashingtonandOregonobtainedpermissionfromtheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationinSilverSpring,Maryland,tokillCaliforniasealions(whicharenormallyprotected)seenfeedingrepeatedlyatthedam,afterattemptstofrightentheanimalsawayprovedineffective.Inresponse,theHumaneSocietyoftheUnitedStates,basedinWashingtonDC,andothersfiledalawsuittostopthepracticeandtheirlegalchallengeshavecontinued.AUSdistrictcourtinPortland,Oregon,isexpectedtohearfullargumentsforafinalrulinginthenextfewweeks.Inthemeantime,morethan40Californiasealionshavebeenkilledand11transferredtoaquariaandzoos.SurveydatacollectedbytheUSArmyCorpsofEngineersduringtheyearsofthekillingshowthatnumbersofCaliforniasealionsaredecreasingatthedam,alongwiththeamountofsalmontheyeat.Thecorpsandothersattributethistotheremovalprogram.Butthekillingmayhavebeentoosuccessful.Lastyear,thelargerStellersealions,whicharrivedinearnestatthedamin2005andhavereturnedingreaternumberseachyear,outnumberedCaliforniasealionsforthefirsttimeandatefullyhalfofthepredatedsalmon.TheproblemwiththisshiftisthatStellersealionsarethemselveslistedasathreatenedspecies,meaningthat'hazing'—disturbingthemwith,forexample,rubberbullets—istheonlyoptionfordealingwiththem.Akeyissueisexactlyhowmuchthesealionsareaffectingthesalmon,particularlythespeciesthatarelistedasthreatened.Thisisadifficultquestiontoanswer.YettheHumaneSocietysaysthatthekillingfocusesonthewrongproblem—sealions—insteadofreducingtheallowablefishingcatch,improvinghabitat,andreducinglossesfromhydropower,whichitmaintainsaregreaterthreatstothefish.11、WhydosalmonappearatthebaseoftheBonnevilleDam?A、Becausetheyarebredthere.B、Becausetheyneedswimupstreamtomultiply.C、Becausetheywerebroughttherebyflood.D、Becausepeoplefarmsalmoninthisriverforitsdelicioustaste.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞BonnevilleDam定位至第一段最后一句…atthebaseoftheBonnevilleDamontheirspringvoyageuprivertospawn，其中spawn是“產(chǎn)卵”的意思，voyage表示“旅行；航程”，據(jù)此可知，鮭魚在春季長(zhǎng)途跋涉到上游來(lái)產(chǎn)卵，因此[B]正確，同時(shí)也可以排除[A]和[C]；盡管第一句提到了鮭魚delicious，但沒(méi)有提到人工養(yǎng)殖，所以排除[D]。12、Whatwastheresultofthe2008Californiasealions’removalprogram?A、Anotherkindofsealionscameandcausedmoreharmtosalmon.B、ThekillingoftheCaliforniasealionssolvedtheproblemsatisfactorily.C、TheprogramwasopposedbyallthepeopleintheU.S.D、Thenumberofthesalmongreatlyincreased.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞removalprogram定位至第四段最后一句。由接下來(lái)的第五段第二句可知，體型較大的北海獅捕食了一半的早期鮭魚，由此可以推斷，北海獅對(duì)鮭魚造成的危害更大，故[A]符合文意，同時(shí)排除[B]和[D]；由第三段可知，持反對(duì)意見的是美國(guó)人道主義協(xié)會(huì)和其他一些動(dòng)物保護(hù)組織，不是所有的美國(guó)人，故排除[C]。13、Theword"hazing"(Line2,Para.6)probablymeansA、shootingthemwithrubberbullets.B、drivingthemaway.C、gatheringandcatchingthem.D、threateningthemaway.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)義理解題。根據(jù)題于提示定位至第六段，破折號(hào)之后的內(nèi)容用來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明hazing，用橡膠子彈來(lái)騷擾它們，即要把它們嚇走了，因此選[D]。[A]是干擾項(xiàng)，用橡膠子彈只是嚇走它們的手段之一，不是射殺它們，故排除。14、WhycannotStellerlionsberemovedthesamewayastheCalifornialions?A、Becausetheythemselvesareendangeredanimals.B、Becausetheyaresolargethattheremovalprogramdoesnotapplytothem.C、Becausetheyposethreatstohuman.D、Becausetheyareoflargequantity.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Stellerlions和beremoved定位至倒數(shù)第二段可知，問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵是北海獅本身是瀕危物種，不能捕殺它們不是因?yàn)樗鼈凅w型巨大，而是因?yàn)樗鼈償?shù)量稀少，因此選[A]，同時(shí)排除[B]。此題的關(guān)鍵是要理解threatenedspecies的意思，即“瀕危物種”，而且根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句可知，北海獅是體型巨大，而不是數(shù)量巨大，因此排除[C]和[D]。15、Accordingtothepassage,whatismostimportantinsolvingthisawkwardproblem?A、Reducingthenumberofthesealions.B、Recognizingwhetherthesealionsarethemainthreatstothesalmon.C、BanningthecatchofthefishintheColumbiaRiver.D、Formingagoodhabitofcatchingfish.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞solving和awkwardproblem定位至最后一段第一句，akeyissue是“關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題”的意思，即題干中的mostimportant。即關(guān)鍵的問(wèn)題是海獅對(duì)鮭魚的影響到底有多大，故[B]與文意相符。第三句明確表示海豹的捕殺解決不了問(wèn)題，reducingtheallowablefish—ingcatch是減少允許捕殺量，不是禁止捕魚，habitat是“棲息地”的意思，不能和habit混淆，因此排除[A]、[C]和[D]。TensofthousandsofyearsagomodernhumanscrossedpathswiththegroupofhomininsknownastheNeandertals.Researchersnowthinktheyalsometanother,less-knowngroupcalledtheDenisovans.Theonlytracethatwehavefound,however,isasinglefingerboneandtwoteeth,butthosefragmentshavebeenenoughtocradlepacketsofDenisovanDNAacrossthousandsofyearsinsideaSiberiancave.Nowateamofscientistshasbeenabletoreconstructtheirentiregenomefromthesedeficientfragments.Theanalysisaddsnewtwiststoprevailingnotionsaboutancienthumanhistory."Denisovaisabigsurprise,"saysJohnHawks,abiologicalanthropologistattheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonwhowasnotinvolvedinthenewresearch.Onitsown,asimplefingerboneinacavewouldhavebeenassumedtobelongtoahuman,Neandertalorotherhominin.ButwhenresearchersfirstsequencedasmallsectionofDNAin2010—asectionthatcoveredabout1.9percentofthegenome—theywereabletotellthatthespecimenwasneither."Itwasthefirsttimeanewgroupofdistincthumanswasdiscovered"viageneticanalysisratherthanbyanatomicaldescription,saidSvantepaabo,aresearcherattheMaxPlanckInstitute(M.P.I.)forEvolutionaryAnthropologyinGermany,inaconferencecallwithreporters.NowpaaboandhiscolleagueshavedevisedanewmethodofgeneticanalysisthatallowedthemtoreconstructtheentireDenisovangenomewithnearlyallofthegenomesequencedapproximately30timesoverakintowhatwecandoformodernhumans.Withinthisgenome,researchershavefoundcluesintonotonlythisgroupofmysterioushominins,butalsoourownevolutionarypast.DenisovansappeartohavebeenmorecloselyrelatedtoNeandertalsthantohumans,buttheevidencealsosuggeststhatDenisovansandhumansinterbred.Thenewanalysisalsosuggestsnewwaysthatearlyhumansmayhavespreadacrosstheglobe.Unfortunately,theDenisovangenomedoesn'tprovidemanymorecluesaboutwhatthishomininlookedlikethanapinkybonedoes.TheresearcherswillonlyconcludethatDenisovanslikelyhaddarkskin.Theyalsonotethattherearealleles"consistent"withthoseknowntocallforbrownhairandbrowneyes.Otherthanthat,theycannotsay.YetthenewgeneticanalysisdoessupportthehypothesisthatNeandertalsandDenisovansweremorecloselyrelatedtooneanotherthaneitherwastomodernhumans.TheanalysissuggeststhatthemodernhumanlinedivergedfromwhatwouldbecometheDenisovanlineaslongas700,000yearsago—butpossiblyasrecentlyas170,000yearsago.16、Whatistherelationshipamongmodernhumans,NeandertalsandDenisovans?A、Theycoexistedtensofthousandsofyearsago.B、DenisovansderivedfromtheNeandertals.C、ModernhumansaretheancestorsofDenisovans.D、Neandertalsaretheforefathersofmodernhumans.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞modernhumans，NeandertalsandDenisovans定位至第一段。從該段前兩句的用詞crossedpaths，alsomet可推斷出，三個(gè)種群在同一個(gè)時(shí)期曾經(jīng)并存過(guò)，因此選[A]。在文中沒(méi)有表示幾個(gè)種群間存在承襲關(guān)系，故排除其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)。17、Theword"hominins"(Line1,Para.1)mostprobablymeansA、thekindofapeswhichmodernhumansderivedfrom.B、ancienthumantribesfromanothercountry.C、branchesofhumanancestors.D、agroupofpeoplelivinginthecaves.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)義理解題。根據(jù)題干提示定位至第一段。從該段最后一句提到的…aboutancienthumanhistory可以推斷出，hominins指的是古代人類，故[C]為正確答案。根據(jù)文章第一句，Hominins所包含的范圍明顯大于[A]和[D]，而在當(dāng)時(shí)應(yīng)該是沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)國(guó)家的，故排除[B]。18、Accordingtothepassage,whodoesthefingerbonebelongto?A、Modernhumans.B、Denisovans.C、Neandertals.D、Otherhominins.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞fingerbone定位至第二段第二句。從該句可以推斷出，這截指骨不屬于human，Heandertalorotherhominin，而第一段提到Denisovans后，就指出他們存在的痕跡，即asinglefingerboneandtwoteeth。因此選[B]。19、WhatdidtheresearchersfindthroughthereconstructionoftheDenisovangenome?A、Theyfoundhowmodernhumansdeveloped.B、Theyfoundanewmethodofgeneticanalysis.C、TheyfoundtheDenisovansweremorecloselyrelatedtohumans.D、TheyfoundDenisovansandhumansnevercrossedpathswitheachother.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞reconstruction和Denisovangenome可以定位至第三段第一句。該段的第二句“Withinthisgenome，researchershavefound…”明確指出“研究人員不僅發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)神秘古人類的線索，還窺見了我們自己的進(jìn)化史”，因此[A]為正確答案。同時(shí)這句還指出“比起人類，丹尼索瓦人似乎與尼安德特人的關(guān)系更加密切，但是證據(jù)也表明，丹尼索瓦人和人類曾經(jīng)雜交”，故排除[C]和[D]。20、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A、Modernhumans,NeandertalsandDenisovanslivedcompletelyseparated.B、Denisovansandmodernhumansweremorecloselyrelated.C、ModernhumansandNeandertalsweremorecloselyrelated.D、TherewereexchangesbetweenDenisovansandmodernhumans.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第三句…buttheevidencealsosuggeststhatDenisovansandhumansinterbred可知，古人類與丹尼索瓦人雜交，可見他們之間是有交往的，因此選[D]，同時(shí)，也可排除[A]。另外，這句話還說(shuō)明，丹尼索瓦人似乎與尼安德特人的關(guān)系比與人類的關(guān)系更加密切，故排除[B]和[C]。Faceit,moviefans:theDVDisdestinedtobedeadasadoornail.OnlyafewBlockbusterstoresarestillopen.Netflix'sCEOsays,"WeexpectDVDsubscriberstodeclinesteadilyeveryquarter,forever."Thelatestlaptopsdon'tevencomewithDVDslots.Sowherearefilmenthusiastssupposetorenttheirflicks?Online,ofcourse.Therearestillsomedownsidestostreamingmovies—youneedafastInternetconnection,forexample,andbewarethelimited-dataplan—butoverall,thisshouldbeadelightfuldevelopment.Streamingmoviesoffersinstantgratification;nowaiting,nodriving—plusgreatportability.Hollywoodmoviestudiosshouldbenefit,too.Theeasieritistorentamovie,themorepeoplewilldoit.Andthemorefolksrent,themoremoneythestudiosmake.Well,apparently,noneofthathasoccurredtothemovieindustry.Itseemsintentonleavingmoneyonthetable.ForalloftheapparentconvenienceofrentingamovieviatheWeb,thereareasurprisingnumberofdrawbacks.Forexample,whenyourentthedigitalversion,youoftenhaveonly24hourstofinishwatchingit,whichmakesnosense.Whenyourentonline,youdon'tgetanyoftheDVDextras—deletedscenes,alternativeendings,subtitles—eventhoughyou'repayingasmuchasyouwouldhavepaidtorentaDVD.Yetperhapsmostimportant,there'stheavailabilityproblem.Newmoviesaren'tavailableonlineuntilmonthsaftertheyarefinishedinthetheaters.Worse,somemoviesneverbecomeavailable.StarWars,RaidersoftheLostArk,JurassicPark,ABeautifulMind,BridgetJones'sDiary,SavingPrivateRyan,MeettheFockers,andsoon,arenotavailabletorentfromthemajoronlinedistributors.Andifyoudon'tmakeyourproductavailablelegally,guesswhat?Thepeoplewillgetitillegally.Ofthe10mostpiratedmoviesof2011,guesshowmanyofthemareavailabletorentonline,asIwritethisinmidsummer2012?Zero.That'sright:Hollywoodisactuallyencouragingtheverypracticetheyclaimtobefighting(withnewlaws,forexample).Yes,timesarechanging.Yes,uncertaintyisscary.ButHollywoodhascasestudiestolearnfrom.ThemusicindustryandthetelevisionindustryusedtofighttheInternetthesameway—withbruteforce:copyprotection,complexity,legalchallenges.EventuallyallofthemfoundroadstorecoupsomeoftheirlostprofitnotbyfightingtheInternetbutbyworkingwithit.Themusicindustrydroppedcopyprotectionandmadealmostever-ysongavailableforabout$1each.TheTVindustrymadeitsshowsavailableforfreeatsitessuchasHulu,paidforbyads.21、Thephrase"deadasadoornail"inParagraph1mostprobablymeansA、unmovable.B、disappearingintohistory.C、undoubtedlydead.D、dyingout.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)義理解題。根據(jù)題干提示定位至第一、二段。根據(jù)第二段的描述，現(xiàn)在只有少數(shù)大片商店還在營(yíng)業(yè)，Netflix的首席執(zhí)行官說(shuō)，“我們預(yù)計(jì)DVD用戶每季度都會(huì)穩(wěn)固下滑，并一直持續(xù)下去?！庇纱丝梢酝茢喑鯠VD的銷量不好，前景并不樂(lè)觀，會(huì)逐漸淡出人們的視線，因此選[B]。[C]最有干擾性，它只是短語(yǔ)的基本釋義，不符合上下文的語(yǔ)境，故排除。22、Facingthetrend,whatistheintentionofmovieindustry?A、Theydecidetotaketheopportunitytomakemoremoney.B、Theymakeiteasiertorentmoviesonline.C、TheyseemgoingtogiveupthebenefitfromtheInternet.D、Theyleavethemoneyonthetableforeveryonetotake.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞intentionofmovieindustry定位至第五段。綜合上下文可以得知，第四段講到網(wǎng)絡(luò)租賃可以給電影業(yè)帶來(lái)巨大的利益，第五段的well表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意味著電影業(yè)沒(méi)有獲得這些好處，此處關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)leavingmoneyonthetable的理解，其字面意思很明顯，即把錢留在桌子上(不拿走)，也就是“放著利益不去賺取”的意思，因此選[C]。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是對(duì)這兩段話的曲解。23、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A、Youcan’tgettheDVDextrasonlinebecauseyoupaylessthanrentaDVD.B、YouhavetofinishtheDVDwithinonedaywhenrentingitonline.C、Someclassicalmoviesarestillunavailableevenaftertheyarefinishedinthetheatres.D、Newmoviescanbeseenonlysometimeaftertheirrelease.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞DVD定位至第六段。由該段第三句可知，盡管你支付了與租借DVD一樣的租金，但是網(wǎng)絡(luò)上依然無(wú)法獲得DVD的額外贈(zèng)送，因此[A]的內(nèi)容錯(cuò)誤，為本題的答案。由該段第二句可知，網(wǎng)上租賃的DVD必須在24小時(shí)內(nèi)看完，故[B]正確，可排除；由該段第五句可知，新電影在影院上映后幾個(gè)月才能在網(wǎng)上看到，故[D]正確，可排除；由該段第六句可知，有些電影(文中列舉的都是經(jīng)典電影)在網(wǎng)上從來(lái)都看不到，故[C]正確，可排除。24、Whatwillpossiblybetheresultofmovieindustry’sfightingwiththeInternet?A、ThemovieindustrywilleventuallyworkwiththeInternet.B、SomeoftheirlostprofitwillbemadeupforbyfightingtheInternet.C、Themovieswillbemadeavailableforfreeatwebsitespaidforbyads.D、Copyprotectionwillbedroppedandeverymoviewillbeavailable.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞result和movieindustry’sfightingwiththeInternet定位至最后兩段可知，好萊塢可以借鑒音樂(lè)產(chǎn)業(yè)和電視行業(yè)的先例，他們與網(wǎng)絡(luò)斗爭(zhēng)的最終結(jié)果都是合作，而不是更大力度的反擊，因此[A]正確。[C]和[D]都是現(xiàn)在音樂(lè)和電視節(jié)目在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的處理方法，可以借鑒，但不可能照搬，因此排除。25、Accordingtotheauthor,whatwillbetheeventualsolutiontomovieindustry’sfightingwiththeInternet?A、Themovieindustryshouldsticktotheirbrutalfighting.B、Copyprotectionwillpreventthepiratedmovies.C、Moviesshouldbemadeavailabletorentonlineforfree,paidforbyads.D、Onlinerentinginsteadoffightingisthebetterwayoutoftheillegalpiracy.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者在文章開頭就提出了DVD即將消失的觀點(diǎn)，在文章的后半部分說(shuō)明了好萊塢的禁令反而鼓勵(lì)了盜版的盛行，在結(jié)尾又提出音樂(lè)和電視行業(yè)解決類似問(wèn)題的做法，因此我們得知，作者認(rèn)為最終電影業(yè)會(huì)借鑒音樂(lè)與電視業(yè)的做法，與網(wǎng)絡(luò)合作來(lái)補(bǔ)償其失去的利潤(rùn)，故正確答案為[D]?？佳杏⒄Z(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)[A]Buttheheaviestusers,whowouldenduppayingmore,haveeveryreasonnottoswitch."Everyonehasalwaysregardedwaterasafreegood,"saysBarbaraYoung,theheadoftheEnvironmentAgency.Becauseofthat,officialshavebeenreluctanttoimposemetersonanunwillingpopulation,althoughtherearepowerstodosoinanemergency.Theyarefittedautomaticallytonewhomesandcanbeforcedonpeoplewhentheymovehouse,buttake-uphasbeenslow.OFWATreckonsthatonlyaroundaquarterofhomesusemeteredwater.[B]Atfirstglance,theprospectofadroughtinEnglandseemsaboutaslikelyasthatoffloodsintheSahara.ButthepopularperceptionofBritainasauniformlydankandsoddenislandismisleading.ThesouthofthecountrygetsthesameamountofrainaspartsofSyria,andLondonisadriercitythanDallasorIstanbul.Recently,theskieshavebeenunusuallyclear.Monthsofbelow-averagerainfallhaveraisedtheprospectofasummerdrought—theworstfordecadesinpartsofthesouth-east.[C]Domesticuseaccountsfor70%ofthetotal,butthepricethatmostconsumerspayforwater—unlikegasorelectricity—bearsnorelationtohowmuchtheyuse.