標準解讀

GB/T 44194-2024《增材制造 金屬粉末再利用技術(shù)規(guī)范》是中國關(guān)于增材制造領(lǐng)域中金屬粉末再利用的技術(shù)標準。該標準詳細規(guī)定了在增材制造(也稱為3D打?。┻^程中使用金屬粉末進行再利用的質(zhì)量控制、檢測方法、處理流程以及環(huán)境保護等方面的要求,旨在促進資源的高效循環(huán)利用,同時確保再利用金屬粉末滿足增材制造的品質(zhì)與安全標準。具體要點包括:

  1. 適用范圍:明確了本標準適用于采用激光熔融沉積、電子束熔融等增材制造技術(shù)過程中產(chǎn)生的金屬粉末的回收、篩選、檢測及再利用過程,涵蓋了多種常見的金屬材料,如鈦合金、鋁合金、不銹鋼等。

  2. 術(shù)語和定義:為確保標準的準確執(zhí)行,首先對增材制造、金屬粉末再利用等相關(guān)專業(yè)術(shù)語進行了明確界定,為后續(xù)條款的執(zhí)行提供了統(tǒng)一語言基礎(chǔ)。

  3. 質(zhì)量控制:詳細闡述了金屬粉末在回收和再利用前后的質(zhì)量控制要求,包括粉末的物理性能(如粒度分布、形狀、流動性)、化學(xué)成分穩(wěn)定性及污染控制等,確保再利用粉末能維持原有性能,減少對最終產(chǎn)品性能的影響。

  4. 檢測方法:規(guī)定了對回收粉末進行檢測的具體方法和標準,如使用光譜分析檢測化學(xué)成分,采用激光粒度分析儀測量粒度分布等,以科學(xué)、準確的數(shù)據(jù)評估粉末是否符合再利用標準。

  5. 處理流程:描述了從粉末收集、清潔、篩選、檢測到重新包裝的一系列標準化處理步驟,強調(diào)了每一步驟的操作規(guī)范與注意事項,確保處理過程既高效又安全。

  6. 環(huán)境保護:強調(diào)了在金屬粉末回收再利用過程中應(yīng)采取的環(huán)保措施,比如粉塵控制、廢棄物處置等,以減少對環(huán)境的影響,符合可持續(xù)發(fā)展理念。

  7. 記錄與追溯:要求建立完善的記錄體系,對金屬粉末的來源、處理過程、檢測結(jié)果及再利用情況等進行詳細記錄,確保全程可追溯,提升質(zhì)量管理的透明度和可靠性。

  8. 安全與健康:提出了在粉末處理過程中保障人員安全與健康的措施,包括但不限于個人防護裝備的使用、操作區(qū)域的通風(fēng)條件以及應(yīng)急響應(yīng)計劃的制定。


如需獲取更多詳盡信息,請直接參考下方經(jīng)官方授權(quán)發(fā)布的權(quán)威標準文檔。

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文檔簡介

ICS

25.030

CCS

H70

中華人民共和國國家標準

GB/T44194—2024

增材制造金屬粉末再利用技術(shù)規(guī)范

Additivemanufacturing—Technicalspecificationforreuseofmetalpowder

2024-07-24發(fā)布2024-07-24實施

國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局發(fā)布

國家標準化管理委員會

GB/T44194—2024

目次

前言

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1

范圍

··································································································

1

2

規(guī)范性引用文件

······················································································

1

3

術(shù)語和定義

···························································································

1

4

一般要求

······························································································

2

4.1

再利用策略

······················································································

2

4.2

檢測要求

·························································································

2

4.3

過程實施要點

····················································································

2

5

粉末再利用策略

······················································································

2

5.1

一次性使用粉末

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2

5.2

單次填裝粉末循環(huán)使用(策略1)

·······························································

2

5.3

每次成形補充原始粉末(策略2)

·······························································

3

5.4

按照頻率補充原始粉末(策略3)

·······························································

4

5.5

隔離、遞減消耗且不補充原始粉末(策略4)

··················································

5

5.6

隔離、遞減消耗且補充原始粉末(策略5)

·····················································

6

6

檢測要求

······························································································

7

6.1

分類

······························································································

7

6.2

檢測

······························································································

7

6.3

取樣

······························································································

8

6.4

結(jié)果判定

·························································································

8

7

粉末再利用過程控制要求

············································································

8

7.1

關(guān)鍵變量

·························································································

8

7.2

工藝環(huán)境

·························································································

8

7.3

粉末處理裝置校準和驗證

········································································

8

7.4

粉末處理裝置維護

···············································································

8

7.5

污染物控制

······················································································

9

7.6

過程記錄

·························································································

9

附錄A(資料性)

再利用策略對比

··································································

10

附錄B(資料性)

再利用過程變量

··································································

11

附錄C(資料性)

校準和驗證要求

··································································

14

GB/T44194—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標準化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分:標準化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

請注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機構(gòu)不承擔識別專利的責(zé)任。

本文件由中國機械工業(yè)聯(lián)合會提出。

本文件由全國增材制造標準化技術(shù)委員會(SAC/TC562)歸口。

本文件起草單位:中國航發(fā)商用航空發(fā)動機有限責(zé)任公司、西安增材制造國家研究院有限公司、

無錫市檢驗檢測認證研究院、南京航空航天大學(xué)無錫研究院、浙江閃鑄集團有限公司、北京煜鼎增材制

造研究院股份有限公司、國營蕪湖機械廠、中國核動力研究設(shè)計院、中航邁特增材科技(北京)有限公

司、中國食品藥品檢定研究院、北京動力機械研究所、中機研標準技術(shù)研究院(北京)有限公司、太行

國家實驗室、南京航空航天大學(xué)、中國船級社、西北有色金屬研究院、上海材料研究所有限公司、南京

鋮聯(lián)激光科技有限公司、南京尚吉增材制造研究院有限公司、北京市春立正達醫(yī)療器械股份有限公司、

廈門漢印股份有限公司、石嘴山市寶馬興慶特種合金有限公司、西安賽隆增材技術(shù)股份有限公司。

本文件主要起草人:何艷麗、雷力明、侯穎、張棟兵、胡娟、沈理達、李皓峰、錢婷婷、董定平、

何戈寧、高正江、王健、馬瑞、薛蓮、石磊、戴寧、周瀚森、張學(xué)哲、楊啟云、王林、陳小龍、

解鳳寶、林錦毅、魏創(chuàng)林、車倩穎。

GB/T44194—2024

增材制造金屬粉末再利用技術(shù)規(guī)范

1范圍

本文件規(guī)定了增材制造用金屬粉末再利用的一般要求、策略、檢測要求與過程控制要求。

本文件適用于非連續(xù)、單一材料粉末床熔融和定向能量沉積工藝金屬粉末的再利用策略制定、檢測

要求確定和過程控制,其他工藝粉末的再利用參照使用。

2規(guī)范性引用文件

下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中,注日期的引用文

件,僅該日期對應(yīng)的版本適用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用

于本文件。

GB/T35351增材制造術(shù)語

GB/T39251—2020增材制造金屬粉末性能表征方法

3術(shù)語和定義

GB/T35351和GB/T39251界定的以及下列術(shù)語和定義適用于本文件。

3.1

回收粉末recoveredpowder

從設(shè)備給料區(qū)、成形區(qū)、溢流區(qū)以及零件內(nèi)部回收的混合粉末。

注:若給料區(qū)回收的粉末作

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