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GB/T 44194-2024《增材制造 金屬粉末再利用技術(shù)規(guī)范》是中國(guó)關(guān)于增材制造領(lǐng)域中金屬粉末再利用的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)詳細(xì)規(guī)定了在增材制造（也稱為3D打印）過(guò)程中使用金屬粉末進(jìn)行再利用的質(zhì)量控制、檢測(cè)方法、處理流程以及環(huán)境保護(hù)等方面的要求，旨在促進(jìn)資源的高效循環(huán)利用，同時(shí)確保再利用金屬粉末滿足增材制造的品質(zhì)與安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。具體要點(diǎn)包括：

  1. 適用范圍：明確了本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于采用激光熔融沉積、電子束熔融等增材制造技術(shù)過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的金屬粉末的回收、篩選、檢測(cè)及再利用過(guò)程，涵蓋了多種常見(jiàn)的金屬材料，如鈦合金、鋁合金、不銹鋼等。

  2. 術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義：為確保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的準(zhǔn)確執(zhí)行，首先對(duì)增材制造、金屬粉末再利用等相關(guān)專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)進(jìn)行了明確界定，為后續(xù)條款的執(zhí)行提供了統(tǒng)一語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)。

  3. 質(zhì)量控制：詳細(xì)闡述了金屬粉末在回收和再利用前后的質(zhì)量控制要求，包括粉末的物理性能（如粒度分布、形狀、流動(dòng)性）、化學(xué)成分穩(wěn)定性及污染控制等，確保再利用粉末能維持原有性能，減少對(duì)最終產(chǎn)品性能的影響。

  4. 檢測(cè)方法：規(guī)定了對(duì)回收粉末進(jìn)行檢測(cè)的具體方法和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，如使用光譜分析檢測(cè)化學(xué)成分，采用激光粒度分析儀測(cè)量粒度分布等，以科學(xué)、準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)據(jù)評(píng)估粉末是否符合再利用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

  5. 處理流程：描述了從粉末收集、清潔、篩選、檢測(cè)到重新包裝的一系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化處理步驟，強(qiáng)調(diào)了每一步驟的操作規(guī)范與注意事項(xiàng)，確保處理過(guò)程既高效又安全。

  6. 環(huán)境保護(hù)：強(qiáng)調(diào)了在金屬粉末回收再利用過(guò)程中應(yīng)采取的環(huán)保措施，比如粉塵控制、廢棄物處置等，以減少對(duì)環(huán)境的影響，符合可持續(xù)發(fā)展理念。

  7. 記錄與追溯：要求建立完善的記錄體系，對(duì)金屬粉末的來(lái)源、處理過(guò)程、檢測(cè)結(jié)果及再利用情況等進(jìn)行詳細(xì)記錄，確保全程可追溯，提升質(zhì)量管理的透明度和可靠性。

  8. 安全與健康：提出了在粉末處理過(guò)程中保障人員安全與健康的措施，包括但不限于個(gè)人防護(hù)裝備的使用、操作區(qū)域的通風(fēng)條件以及應(yīng)急響應(yīng)計(jì)劃的制定。


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文檔簡(jiǎn)介

ICS

25.030

CCS

H70

中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

GB/T44194—2024

增材制造金屬粉末再利用技術(shù)規(guī)范

Additivemanufacturing—Technicalspecificationforreuseofmetalpowder

2024-07-24發(fā)布2024-07-24實(shí)施

國(guó)家市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理總局發(fā)布

國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì)

GB/T44194—2024

目次

前言

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Ⅲ

1

范圍

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1

2

規(guī)范性引用文件

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1

3

術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義

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1

4

一般要求

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2

4.1

再利用策略

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2

4.2

檢測(cè)要求

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2

4.3

過(guò)程實(shí)施要點(diǎn)

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2

5

粉末再利用策略

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2

5.1

一次性使用粉末

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2

5.2

單次填裝粉末循環(huán)使用（策略1）

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2

5.3

每次成形補(bǔ)充原始粉末（策略2）

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3

5.4

按照頻率補(bǔ)充原始粉末（策略3）

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4

5.5

隔離、遞減消耗且不補(bǔ)充原始粉末（策略4）

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5

5.6

隔離、遞減消耗且補(bǔ)充原始粉末（策略5）

·····················································

6

6

檢測(cè)要求

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7

6.1

分類

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7

6.2

檢測(cè)

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7

6.3

取樣

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8

6.4

結(jié)果判定

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8

7

粉末再利用過(guò)程控制要求

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8

7.1

關(guān)鍵變量

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8

7.2

工藝環(huán)境

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8

7.3

粉末處理裝置校準(zhǔn)和驗(yàn)證

········································································

8

7.4

粉末處理裝置維護(hù)

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8

7.5

污染物控制

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9

7.6

過(guò)程記錄

·························································································

9

附錄A（資料性）

再利用策略對(duì)比

··································································

10

附錄B（資料性）

再利用過(guò)程變量

··································································

11

附錄C（資料性）

校準(zhǔn)和驗(yàn)證要求

··································································

14

Ⅰ

GB/T44194—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

請(qǐng)注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識(shí)別專利的責(zé)任。

本文件由中國(guó)機(jī)械工業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì)提出。

本文件由全國(guó)增材制造標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會(huì)（SAC/TC562）歸口。

本文件起草單位：中國(guó)航發(fā)商用航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)有限責(zé)任公司、西安增材制造國(guó)家研究院有限公司、

無(wú)錫市檢驗(yàn)檢測(cè)認(rèn)證研究院、南京航空航天大學(xué)無(wú)錫研究院、浙江閃鑄集團(tuán)有限公司、北京煜鼎增材制

造研究院股份有限公司、國(guó)營(yíng)蕪湖機(jī)械廠、中國(guó)核動(dòng)力研究設(shè)計(jì)院、中航邁特增材科技（北京）有限公

司、中國(guó)食品藥品檢定研究院、北京動(dòng)力機(jī)械研究所、中機(jī)研標(biāo)準(zhǔn)技術(shù)研究院（北京）有限公司、太行

國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室、南京航空航天大學(xué)、中國(guó)船級(jí)社、西北有色金屬研究院、上海材料研究所有限公司、南京

鋮聯(lián)激光科技有限公司、南京尚吉增材制造研究院有限公司、北京市春立正達(dá)醫(yī)療器械股份有限公司、

廈門(mén)漢印股份有限公司、石嘴山市寶馬興慶特種合金有限公司、西安賽隆增材技術(shù)股份有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：何艷麗、雷力明、侯穎、張棟兵、胡娟、沈理達(dá)、李皓峰、錢婷婷、董定平、

何戈寧、高正江、王健、馬瑞、薛蓮、石磊、戴寧、周瀚森、張學(xué)哲、楊啟云、王林、陳小龍、

解鳳寶、林錦毅、魏創(chuàng)林、車倩穎。

Ⅲ

GB/T44194—2024

增材制造金屬粉末再利用技術(shù)規(guī)范

1范圍

本文件規(guī)定了增材制造用金屬粉末再利用的一般要求、策略、檢測(cè)要求與過(guò)程控制要求。

本文件適用于非連續(xù)、單一材料粉末床熔融和定向能量沉積工藝金屬粉末的再利用策略制定、檢測(cè)

要求確定和過(guò)程控制，其他工藝粉末的再利用參照使用。

2規(guī)范性引用文件

下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過(guò)文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，僅該日期對(duì)應(yīng)的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用

于本文件。

GB/T35351增材制造術(shù)語(yǔ)

GB/T39251—2020增材制造金屬粉末性能表征方法

3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義

GB/T35351和GB/T39251界定的以及下列術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義適用于本文件。

3.1

回收粉末recoveredpowder

從設(shè)備給料區(qū)、成形區(qū)、溢流區(qū)以及零件內(nèi)部回收的混合粉末。

注：若給料區(qū)回收的粉末作

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