考研英語閱讀理A命題及解題思路方法

第四章、猜詞題命題思路透析

PartL命題規(guī)律透析

猜詞題是考研英語閱讀理解中必考的題型，主要考查考生對于文章中的某個詞語、詞組、句

子等的意思的理解和猜測，其主要目的在于考察考生們的英語語言基本功。對于很多考生來

說，生詞是閱讀中的一大難關(guān)。在總論中我們也提過，有的考生從中學時就養(yǎng)成了逢生詞必

查的習慣，不管閱讀什么文章都要弄懂其中每一個單詞的意思。這種毅力固然可嘉，但是在

實際的閱讀過程中不遇到生詞是不可能的，而若考生總是拘泥于搞懂個別單詞的意思其實是

非常浪費時間的。且不說這種習慣在考研過程中會影響閱讀的速度、效率和考生的信心，相

信所有考生在開始研究生學習之后都需要閱讀本領(lǐng)域的大量英文文獻，這些文獻中往往都有

非常大的單詞量，大家不可能光靠查字典解決問題。因此，猜測單詞的能力對于考生的閱讀

有著深遠的影響，可以不夸張地說，大部分人?輩子都要在閱讀的時候不斷地猜測生詞的意

思，因此這是一種畢生的能力。

考研英語閱讀的猜詞題可以大致分為四類：1、猜測某個單詞的意思，這個單詞有可能是超

綱詞匯，也有可能是一個熟悉單詞的不熟悉用法；2、猜測某個詞組的意思，這個詞組中可

能包含了某個超綱詞匯，或者是一個熟悉單詞的特殊搭配；3、猜測某個句子的含義，這個

句子一般結(jié)構(gòu)不會非常復雜，不是長難句，但是其中可能包含了一些超綱詞匯或者特殊的詞

組、習語、典故、成語等，此外這個句子也可能是引自文中某個人的話；4、猜測某個詞語

的指代含義，如it,this,that,which,these,those等，或者是?個意思籠統(tǒng)的抑或是某個集體

名詞在文中的具體含義,考生需要注意的是在做這種題時要把握答案與題干的單詞在性、數(shù)、

格上的一致。

做猜詞題的關(guān)鍵就在于通過上下文來理解所考查詞語、詞組和句子的含義，并且把答案套到

原文中看是否在邏輯上是否行得通。考生千萬不能把題干孤立起來臆測其含義，這樣的做法

會嚴重影響做題效率。此外，考生也要相信自己的常識和邏輯判斷，一般來說作者在寫文章

的時候不會背離基本的常識。

猜詞題常見表達方式

1、考查某個單詞意思的猜詞題：

Theword“mania”(line4,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans.(2007)

Theword“bummer”(line5,paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomething.(2006)

Theword“homogenizing”(line2,paragraph1)mostprobablymeans.(2006)

Theword“talking”(line6,paragraph3)denotes.(2005)

Theword“arbiters”(thelastsentence,paragraph4)mostprobablyreferstothose.(2003)

Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword“aggressive"(sentence2,paragraph7)?(2002)

Theword“gizmos”(sentence1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans.(2002)

Thewordt4dcmographers^^(line1,paragraph7)mostprobablymeans.(1998)

Theword“schism”(line3,paragraph4)inthecontextmostprobablymeans.(1998)

Theword"pervasive”(sentence1,paragraph2)mightmean.(1997)

2、猜測某個詞組意思的猜詞題：

Whatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysisbyanalysis^^(lastline,paragraph4)?(2005)

Theexpression“tipserviceM(line3,paragraph3)mostprobablymeans.(2004)

Thephrase"makingthebiggestsplash”(line1,paragraph3)mostprobablymeans.(2003)

Inparagraph5,“thepowerless"probablyrefersto.(1998)

3、猜測某個句子含義的猜詞題：

Bysaying“thesefiguresareconservative^^(line3,paragraph3),Dr.Wormmeansthat.(2006)

Bysaying"Stratfordcriespoortraditionally^^(line2-3,paragraph4),theauthorimpliesthat.

(2006)

By"EllenSperoisn'tbitinghernailsjustyet”(line1,paragraph1),theauthormeans.(2004)

Whatdoestheauthormeanby“mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”(line2,paragraph5)?

(2004)

Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence?(2003)

Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis.(2000)

Thethirdsentenceofparagraph1impliesthat.(1998)

Thesentence“Thisisnoflashinthepan”(thelastsentence,paragraph3)meansthat.(1997)

Whentheauthorsaysthatobserversarewaitingfbrthedominoestostartfalling,hemeans.

(1997)

4、猜測某個詞語指代含義的猜詞題：

Theword"it"(line3,para2)mostprobablyrefersto.(1995)

5、其它常見的表達方式還包括：

Asusedinthetext,theword,phrasesuggeststhat.

Fromthetextwecanlearnthatisatermreferringto.

Theword,phrasecanbebestreplacedby.

Accordingtothepassage,theword,phrase"..."isknownas.

Thesentence"…”canbeparaphrasedas.

Theword,phrase"…"standsfbr.

Theword,phrasecanbebestreplacedbywhichofthefollowingword,phrase?

猜詞題常見出題位置

1、文章中出現(xiàn)的有多個意思的常用單詞，而且用到了該單詞的非常見用法。

2、文章中出現(xiàn)的超綱詞匯。

3、文章中出現(xiàn)的一些包含了普通單詞的特殊搭配的詞組。

4、文章中一些包含了特殊詞匯或者詞語的句子。

5、文章中出現(xiàn)的一些長度較短的引言。

6、文章中出現(xiàn)的一些同位語或者同位語從句。

7、文章中出現(xiàn)的?些定語或者定語從句、賓語從句。

8、文章中出現(xiàn)的一些代詞或者意思籠統(tǒng)地單詞和集體名詞，尤其要注意放在句首的指示代

詞。

9、文章中的一些特殊標點符號前后，如冒號、引號、分號或者破折號。

10、文章中出現(xiàn)的列舉、對比、類比的地方。

猜詞題正確答案選項的特點

1、答案往往不是某個常見單詞或詞組的普通用法。

2、第一-眼看上去可能與考查的詞語或者詞語并沒有共同點，比如其單詞拼寫完全不同。

3、答案中一般不會有任何絕對性的單詞或詞組。

4、如果四個選項中出現(xiàn)了意義相反的兩個單詞或詞組，那么正確答案必定是這兩個選項中

的一個，因此可以排除掉另外兩個答案，提高答題的正確率。

猜詞題干擾答案選項的特點

1、某個普通詞語或詞組的常見含義。

2、看上去與所考查的單詞拼寫相近或者意義相近的答案。

3、答案中出現(xiàn)意義絕對化的單詞或詞組。

4、答案放在原文中在邏輯上和常識上都沒有問題,但是經(jīng)過仔細推敲發(fā)現(xiàn)并不符合上下文。

5、指代的內(nèi)容只是原文意思的一部分。

猜詞題解題方法

猜詞題的解題方法其實是所有題型中最簡單的，即“代入上下文、杜絕望文生義”。也就

是說，要通過上下文的整體框架來推測含義，同時也要借助邏輯判斷和常識的積累?？忌€

應提高猜詞的能力，通過一個常見單詞猜測一個非常見單詞的含義，在總論中提供的一些常

見單詞前綴、后綴表和詞根表都有助于幫助考生培養(yǎng)這方面的能力。在涉及指代題的時候，

考生需要注意有的時候是指代一個單詞或者詞組，有的時候也會指代一個句子，需要在具體

做題時加以判斷。此外，積累詞匯量也是一個長期和后備的方法，如果考生不僅能夠掌握絕

大部分的大綱單詞，同時也掌握了相當數(shù)量的超綱詞匯，自然能夠更加胸有成竹。如果知道

所考查詞匯的意思便可以輕易答題，即使不知道也可以通過平時積累的幫助提高猜詞的能力。

PartII、真題解題

1993年P(guān)assage3

Whenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossiblecoursesofactionopentohim:he

cangivetheinventiontotheworldbypublishingit,keeptheideasecret,orpatentit.

Agrantedpatentistheresultofabargainstruckbetweenaninventorandthestate,bywhichthe

inventorgetsalimitedperiodofmonopoly（壟1析）andpublishesfulldetailsofhisinventiontothe

publicafterthatperiodterminates.Onlyinthemostexceptionalcircumstancesisthelifespanofa

patentextendedtoalterthisnormalprocessofevents.

ThelongestextensionevergrantedwastoGeorgesValensi;his1939patentforcolorTVreceiver

circuitrywasextendeduntil1971becauseformostofthepatent?snormallifetherewasnocolour

TVtoreceiveandthusnohopeofrewardfortheinvention.

Becauseapatentremainspermanentlypublicafterithasterminated,theshelvesofthelibrary

attachedtothepatentofficecontaindetailsofliterallymillionsofideasthatarefreeforanyoneto

useand,ifolderthanhalfacentury,sometimesevenre-patent.Indeed,patentexpertsoftenadvise

anyonewishingtoavoidthehighcostofconductingasearchthroughlivepatentsthattheonesure

wayofavoidingviolationofanyotherinventor'srightistoplagiarizeadeadpatent.Likewise,

becausepublicationofanideainanyotherformpermanentlyinvalidatesfurtherpatentsonthat

idea,itistraditionallysafetotakeideasfromotherareasofprint.Muchmodemtechnological

advanceisbasedonthesepresumptionsoflegalsecurity.

Anyonecloselyinvolvedinpatentsandinventionssoonlearnsthatmost"newHideasare,infact,

asoldasthehills.Itistheirreductiontocommercialpractice,eitherthroughnecessity

ordedication,orthroughtheavailabilityofnewtechnology,thatmakesnewsandmoney.The

basicpatentforthetheoryofmagneticrecordingdatesbackto1886.Manyoftheoriginalideas

behindtelevisionoriginatefromthelate19thandearly20thcentury.EventheVolkswagenrear

enginecarwasanticipatedbya1904patentforacartwiththehorseattherear.

44.Theword"plagiarize"（line8,Para.5）mostprobablymeans_

[A]stealanduse

[B]giverewardto

[C]makepublic

[D]takeandchange

[答案]A

[解題思路]

本題所在的原文為uIndeed,patentexpertsoftenadviseanyonewishingtoavoidthehighcostof

conductingasearchthroughlivepatentsthattheonesurewayofavoidingviolationofanyother

inventor'srightistoplagiarizeadeadpatenn（實際上，專利專家們常對希望開發(fā)有效專利而

又想避免高額費用的人提出建議，即避免侵犯他人專利權(quán)的有效方法就是使用過期專利）。

B和C選項顯然與原文無關(guān)，而D選項“change”的意思在文章中沒有體現(xiàn)出來。在專利

過期之后，任何人都可以把這個專利或其想法和流程拿來使用而不用經(jīng)過作者的同意，因此

就有“stealanduse”的意思。實際上plagiarize這個詞語的意思就是“抄襲，剽竊：把（他

人的觀點或文章）作為自己的使用”。

［題目譯文］

“plagiarize"（第五段第八行）最可能的意思是

［A］偷來使用

［B］給……頒獎

［C］使……公開

［D］拿來并改變

1994年P(guān)assage1

TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,

market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydetenninewhatshallbeproducedby

spendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Private

businessmen,strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithother

businessmen;andtheprofitmotive,operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermines

howthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthe

demandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsand

thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbe

producedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.

Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerdemands

canbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy,thismechanismis

providedbyapricesystem,aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemands

ofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativeto

thedemand,thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.

ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendto

increasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmore

consumerstobuytheproduct.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomic

system.

Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedto

ownproductiveresources（privateproperty）,andtheyarepennittedtohirelabor,gaincontrol

overnaturalresources,andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmerican

economy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresources

butalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafree

contractwithanotherprivateindividual.

51.InLine11,Para1,"thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes0means.

[A]Americansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomes

[B]Americanstendtooverstatetheirincomes

[C]Americanswanttohavetheirincomesincreased

[D]Americanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheirincomes

[答案]D

[解題思路]

本題詞組來自于文章第一段的最后?句話“Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthe

demandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsand

thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbe

producedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit”（因此，在美國經(jīng)濟體制中，消費者個人

的需求，加上商人獲取最大利潤的追求及消費者想最大限度提高購買力的愿望三者共同決定

應該生產(chǎn)什么和如何利用資源來生產(chǎn)這些產(chǎn)品），從原句中可以看出所謂的“個人收入最大

化”其實包含著最大化收入的購買力這層意思，即可以以同樣的收入買到更多的商品。分析

出這層意思后顯然只有D選項符合題意，而其他三個選項都是表面上膚淺的理解。

[題目譯文]

在文章第一段第11行中，“個人對于收入最大化的期望''的意思是。

[A]美國人從來不滿足于他們的收入

[B]美國人往往過于強調(diào)他們的收入

[C]美國人想要增加他們的收入

[D]美國人想要提高他們收入的購買力

1994年P(guān)assage2

OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcreditcard.Theygive

theirownersautomaticcreditinstores,restaurants,andhotels,athome,acrossthecountry,and

evenabroad,andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableaswell.Moreandmoreofthese

creditcardscanbereadautomatically,makingitpossibletowithdrawordepositmoneyin

scatteredlocations,whetherornotthelocalbranchbankisopen.Formanyofusthe“cashless

society"isnotonthehorizon——it'salreadyhere.

Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers,theyhavemanyadvantagesforsellers

too.Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethansimplyringupsales.Theycankeepawide

rangeofrecords,includingwhosoldwhat,when,andtowhom.Thisinformationallows

businessmentokeeptrackoftheirlistofgoodsbyshowingwhichitemsarebeingsoldandhow

fasttheyaremoving.Decisionstoreorderorreturngoodstosupplierscanthenbemade.Atthe

sametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemost

efficient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalso

identifypreferredcustomersforpromotionalcampaigns.Computersarereliedonby

manufacturersforsimilarreasons.Computer-analyzedmarketingreportscanhelptodecidewhich

productstoemphasizenow,whichtodevelopforthefuture,andwhichtodrop.Computerskeep

trackofgoodsinstock,ofrawmaterialsonhand,andevenoftheproductionprocessitself.

Numerousothercommercialenterprise,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgasand

electricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthrough

theuseofcomputers.

57.Thephrase"ringupsales”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans"_

[A]makeanorderofgoods

[B]recordsalesonacashregister

[C]callthesalesmanager

[D]keeptrackofthegoodsinstock

[答案]B

[解題思路]

題干中的詞組出現(xiàn)在文章第二段的第二句話“Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethan

simplyringupsalesw?文中沒有直接相關(guān)的指代或解釋信息，但從該句的registersw和下

一個句子中的“keeprecords”等信息中可以推測“ringup”就是“登記”的意思。實際上第

二段的第二、三句話的意思是“電子收銀機能做的遠不止記錄銷售額，它們可進行各種各樣

的記錄，包括誰賣了什么，什么時候賣的，賣給誰了等"，因此B為正確選項。同時也可

以將其他三個選項分別代入原句看上下文是否連貫一致，從而可以分別排除三個選項。

[題目譯文]

第二段第三行中的詞組“ringupsales”的意思很可能是。

[A]制定貨物訂單

[B]在現(xiàn)金簿上紀錄銷售狀況

[C]打電話給銷售經(jīng)理

[D]查明儲存的貨物狀況

1994年P(guān)assage4

“Ihavegreatconfidencethatbytheendofthedecadewe,llknowinvastdetailhowcancercells

arise,5,saysmicrobiologistRobertWeinberg,anexpertoncancer."But,"hecautions,“some

peoplehavetheideathatonceoneunderstandsthecauses,thecurewillrapidlyfollow.Consider

Pasteur.Hediscoveredthecausesofmanykindsofinfections,butitwasfiftyorsixtyyears

beforecureswereavailable."

Thisyear,50percentofthe910,000peoplewhosufferfromcancerwillsurviveatleastfive

years.Intheyear2000,theNationalCancerInstituteestimates,thatfigurewillbe75percent.For

someskincancers,thefive-yearsurvivalrateisashighas90percent.Butothersurvivalstatistics

arestilldiscouraging13percentforlungcancer,and2percentforcancerofthepancreas（胰

腺）.

Withasmanyas120varietiesinexistence,discoveringhowcancerworksisnoteasy.

Theresearchersmadegreatprogressintheearly1970s,whentheydiscoveredthatoncogenes,

whicharecancer-causinggenes（基因）,areinactiveinnormalcells.Anythingfromcosmicraysto

radiationtodietmayactivateadormantoncogene,buthowremainsunknown.Ifseveral

oncogenesaredrivenintoaction,thecell,unabletoturnthemoff,becomescancerous.

Theexactmechanismsinvolvedarestillmysterious,butthelikelihoodthatmanycancers

areinitiatedatthelevelofgenessuggeststhatwewillneverpreventallcancers.''Changesarea

normalpartoftheevolutionaryprocess,"saysoncologistWilliamHaywar.Environmentalfactors

canneverbetotallyeliminated;asHaywardpointsout,"Wecan'tprepareamedicineagainst

cosmicrays.**

Theprospectsforcure,thoughstilldistant,arebrighter.**First,weneedtounderstandhowthe

normalcellcontrolsitself.Second,wehavetodeterminewhethertherearealimitednumberof

genesincellswhicharealwaysresponsibleforatleastpartofthetrouble.Ifwecanunderstand

howcancerworks,wecancounteractitsaction."

66.Theword"dormantHinthethirdparagraphmostprobablymeans_.

[A]dead

[B]ever-present

[C]inactive

[D]potential

[答案]c

[解題思路]

udormant"一詞出現(xiàn)在文章第三段的倒數(shù)第二句"Anythingfromcosmicraystoradiationto

dietmayactivateadormantoncogene,buthowremainsunknown"。通過上下文的aactivate"

（激活）以及下一句中的“drivenintoaction”，這些線索都可以說明“dormant”表示的是

"inactive”的意思,正確答案為C。"dormant"的意思是"休眠的",原句的意思是“從

宇宙射線、輻射到日常飲食，任何東西都可能激活一個處于靜止狀態(tài)的致癌基因，但如何激

活的原因卻尚不為人知”。

[題目譯文]

第三段中的“dormant”這個詞語的意思很可能是。

[A]死的

[B]經(jīng)常存在的

[C]不活躍的

[D]潛在的

1994年P(guān)assage5

Discoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby"untaughtminds”tocomeinblinding

flashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidents.SirAlexanderFlemingdidnot,aslegendwouldhave

it,lookatthemold（霉）onapieceofcheeseandgettheideaforpenicillinthereandthen.He

experimentedwithantibacterialsubstancesfornineyearsbeforehemadehisdiscovery.

InventionsandinnovationsalmostalwayscomeoutoflaborioustrialandeiTor.Innovationislike

soccer;eventhebestplayersmissthegoalandhavetheirshotsblockedmuchmorefrequently

thantheyscore.

Thepointisthattheplayerswhoscoremostaretheoneswhotakemostshotsatthegoal-andso

itgoeswithinnovationinanyfieldofactivity.Theprimedifferencebetweeninnovationand

othersisoneofapproach.Everybodygetsideas,butinnovatorsworkconsciouslyontheirs,and

theyfollowthemthroughuntiltheyprovepracticableorotherwise.Whatordinarypeopleseeas

fancifulabstractions,professionalinnovatorsseeassolidpossibilities.

“Creativethinkingmaymeansimplytherealizationthatthere'snoparticularvirtueindoing

thingsthewaytheyhavealwaysbeendone,^^wroteRudolphFlexh,alanguageauthority,this

accountsfbrourreactiontoseeminglysimpleinnovationslikeplasticgarbagebagsandsuitcases

onwheelsthatmakelifemoreconvenient:"Howcomenobodythoughtofthatbefbre?^^The

creativeapproachbeginswiththepropositionthatnothingisasitappears.Innovatorswillnot

acceptthatthereisonlyonewaytodoanything.FacedwithgettingfromAtoB,theaverage

personwillautomaticallysetoutonthebest-knownandapparentlysimplestroute.Theinnovator

willsearchforalternatecourses,whichmayproveeasierinthelongrunandareboundtobemore

interestingandchallengingeveniftheyleadtodeadends.

Highlycreativeindividualsreallydomarchtoadifferentdrummer.

67.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby“untaughtmind"inthefirstparagraph?

[A]Apersonignorantofthehardworkinvolvedinexperimentation.

[B]Acitizenofasocietythatrestrictspersonalcreativity.

[C]Apersonwhohashadnoeducation.

[D]Anindividualwhooftencomesupwithnewideasbyaccident.

[答案]A

［解題思路］

文章第一句話指出uDiscoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby"untaughtminds"to

comeinblindingflashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidentsv,接著卜文以SirAlexander

Fleming的例子來反證第一句話的論點。可見作者認為科學技術(shù)中的新發(fā)現(xiàn)都是辛勤研究和

做實驗的結(jié)果，而“untaughtmind”對這些情況不了解，因此正確答案為A。C選項是最這

個詞語的表面意思理解，頗具迷惑性。B和D選項則與原文不符。第一句話的意思為“科

學技術(shù)上的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造被“不知內(nèi)情者”看做靈感的眩目閃現(xiàn)或戲劇性事件的結(jié)果”。

［題目譯文］

第一段中作者所說的“untaughtmind^^是什么意思？

［A］一個不懂得實驗過程中包含了辛勤工作的人

［B］在一個限制個人創(chuàng)造力的社會中的人

［C］一個沒有接受過教育的人

［D］一個時不時偶然地發(fā)現(xiàn)新想法的人

1995年P(guān)assageI

MoneyspentonadvertisingismoneyspentaswellasanyIknowof.Itservesdirectlytoassista

rapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprice,therebyestablishingafirmhomemarketandso

makingitpossibletoprovideforexportatcompetitiveprices.Bydrawingattentiontonewideasit

helpsenormouslytoraisestandardsofliving.Byhelpingtoincreasedemanditensuresan

increasedneedforlabour,andisthereforeaneffectivewaytofightunemployment.Itlowersthe

costsofmanyservices:withoutadvertisementsyourdailynewspaperwouldcostfourtimesas

much,thepriceofyourtelevisionlicensewouldneedtobedoubled,andtravelbybusortube

wouldcost20percentmore.

Andperhapsmostimportantofall,advertisingprovidesaguaranteeofreasonablevalueinthe

productsandservicesyoubuy.Apartfromthefactthattwenty-sevenactsofParliamentgovern

thetermsofadvertising,noregularadvertiserdarepromoteaproductthatfailstoliveuptothe

promiseofhisadvertisements.Hemightfoolsomepeopleforalittlewhilethroughmisleading

advertising.Hewillnotdosoforlong,formercifullythepublichasthegoodsensenottobuythe

inferiorarticlemorethanonce.Ifyouseeanarticleconsistentlyadvertised,itisthesurestproofI

knowthatthearticledoeswhatisclaimedforit,andthatitrepresentsgoodvalue.

AdvertisingdoesmoreforthematerialbenefitofthecommunitythananyotherforceIcanthink

of.

ThereisonemorepointIfeelIoughttotouchon.RecentlyIheardawell-known

televisionpersonalitydeclarethathewasagainstadvertisingbecauseitpersuadesratherthan

informs.Hewasdrawingexcessivelyfinedistinctions.Ofcourseadvertisingseekstopersuade.

Ifitsmessagewereconfinedmerelytoinfbrmation-andthatinitselfwouldbedifficultifnot

impossibletoachieve,forevenadetailsuchasthechoiceofthecolourofashirtissubtly

persuasive——advertisingwouldbesoboringthatnoonewouldpayanyattention.Butperhaps

thatiswhatthewell-knowntelevisionpersonalitywants.

51.Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat_.

[A]heisfairlyfamiliarwiththecostofadvertising

[(B)everybodyknowswellthatadvertisingismoneyconsuming

[C])advertisingcostsmoneylikeeverythingelse

[D]itisworthwhiletospendmoneyonadvertising

[答案]C

[解題思路]

本題可以直接從分析該句的角度解題。原句是"Moneyspentonadvertisingismoneyspentas

wellasanyIknowof”,aswellas的意思是“也,和.....樣”,而“spentaswellasanyIknow

of”用來形容該詞組前面的money這個詞，此外any后面為了避免重復省略了money這個

詞。因此整個句子的譯文是“把錢花在做廣告上是我所知道的最好的花錢方式”，可見C

選項符合原文意思。其余三個選項的意思都包含了原句之外的信息。

[題目譯文]

作者通過本文第一句想表達的意思是。

[A]他對于廣告成本的狀況相當了解

[B]每個人都清楚地知道打廣告要用很多錢

[C]打廣告就像任何其他事情一樣需要花錢

[D]在廣告上花錢是值得的

1995年P(guān)assage2

Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theotherasaprocess.Peoplehave

generallyviewedpersonalgrowthasanexternalresultorproductthatcaneasilybeidentifiedand

measured.Theworkerwhogetsapromotion,thestudentwhosegradesimprove,theforeigner

wholearnsanewlanguage-alltheseareexamplesofpeoplewhohavemeasurableresultstoshow

fortheirefforts.

Bycontrast,theprocessofpersonalgrowthismuchmoredifficulttodetermine,sinceby

definitionitisajourneyandnotthespecificsignpostsorlandmarksalongtheway.Theprocessis

nottheroaditselfbutrathertheattitudesandfeelingspeoplehave,theircautionorcourage,as

theyencounternewexperiencesandunexpectedobstacles.Inthisprocess,thejourneyneverreally

ends;therearealwaysnewwaystoexperiencetheworld,newideastotry,newchallengesto

accept.

Inordertogrow,totravelnewroads,peopleneedtohaveawillingnesstotakerisks,toconfront

theunknown,andtoacceptthepossibilitythattheymayctfaiF,atfirst.Howweseeour-selvesas

wetryanewwayofbeingisessentialtoourabilitytogrow.Doweperceiveourselvesasquick

andcurious?Ifso,thenwetendtotakemorechancesandtobemoreopentounfamiliar

experiences.Dowethinkwe'reshyandindecisive?Thenoursenseoftimiditycancauseusto

hesitate,tomoveslowly,andnottotakeastepuntilweknowthegroundissafe.Dowethink

we'reslowtoadapttochangeorthatwe'renotsmartenoughtocopewithanewchallenge?Then

wearelikelytotakeamorepassiveroleornottryatall.

Thesefeelingsofinsecurityandself-doubtarebothunavoidableandnecessaryifwearetochange

andgrow.Ifwedonotconfrontandovercometheseinternalfearsanddoubts,ifweprotect

ourselvestoomuch,thenweceasetogrow.Webecometrappedinsideashellofourownmaking.

57.Whentheauthorsays"anewwayofbeing*'(line2-3,Para.3)heisreferringto_.

[A]anewapproachtoexperiencingtheworld

[B]anewwayoftakingrisks

[C]anewmethodofperceivingourselves

[D]anewsystemofadaptationtochange

[答案]A

[解題思路]

本題"anewwayofbeing所在句子為"Howweseeour-selvesaswetryanewwayofbeingis

essentialtoourabilitytogrown,其中可以判斷being在這里的意思是''生存"。B選項對應

的是第三段第一句話的一個小方面，因此可以排除。第二句話后面的文字提了三個問題并作

了相應的回答，分三個方面對第二句話提供解釋，C和D選項都只是對應其中的一個方面，

因而也可以排除。原句的意思是“我們在嘗試新的生存方式的時候如何看待自己對于自己能

力增長是非常重要的”，A選項與其最接近。

[題目譯文]

當作者提至『'anewwayofbeing"(第三段第2-3行)，他指的是。

[A]一種經(jīng)歷世界的新方式

[B]一種審視自己的新方法

[C]一種承擔風險的新方式

[D]?種適應變化的新系統(tǒng)

1995年P(guān)assage3

Insuchachanging,complexsocietyformerlysimplesolutionstoinformationalneedsbecome

complicated.Manyoflife'sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamilymembers,friendsor

colleaguesarebeyondthecapabilityoftheextendedfamilytoresolve.Wheretoturnforexpert

informationandhowtodeterminewhichexpertadvicetoacceptarequestionsfacingmanypeople

today.

Inadditiontothis,thereisthegrowingmobilityofpeoplesinceWorldWarII.Asfamiliesmove

awayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,

theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbe

availablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.Thealmostunconsciousflowof

informationaboutthesimplestaspectsoflivingcanbecutoff.Thus,thingsoncelearned

subconsciouslythroughthecasualcommunicationsoftheextendedfamilymustbeconsciously

learned.

Addingtosocietalchangestodayisanenormousstockpileofinformation.Theindividualnowhas

moreinformationavailablethananygeneration,andthetaskoffindingthatonepieceof

informationrelevanttohisorherspecificproblemiscomplicated,time-consumingand

sometimesevenoverwhelming.

Coupledwiththegrowingquantityofinformationisthedevelopmentoftechnologieswhich

enablethestorageanddeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreaterspeedtomorelocationsthanhas

everbeenpossiblebefore.Computertechnologymakesitpossibletostorevastamountsofdatain

machine-readablefiles,andtoprogramcomputerstolocatespecificinformation.

Telecommunicationsdevelopmentsenablethesendingofmessagesviatelevision,radio,andvery

shortly,electronicmailtobombardpeoplewithmultitudesofmessages.Satelliteshaveextended

thepowerofcommunicationstoreporteventsattheinstantofoccurrence.Expertisecanbeshared

worldwidethroughteleconferencing,andproblemsindisputecanbesettledwithoutthe

participantsleavingtheirhomesand/orjobstotraveltoadistantconferencesite.Technologyhas

facilitatedthesharingofinformationandthestorageanddeliveryofinformation,thusmaking

moreinformationavailabletomorepeople.

Inthisworldofchangeandcomplexity,theneedforinfbnnationisofgreatestimportance.

Thosepeoplewhohaveaccurate,reliableup-to-dateinformationtosolvetheday-to-dayproblems,

thecriticalproblemsoftheirbusiness,socialandfamilylife,willsurviveandsucceed.

"Knowledgeispower**maywellbethetruestsayingandaccesstoinformationmaybethemost

criticalrequirementofallpeople.

59.Theword"it”(line3,para.2)mostprobablyrefersto_.

[A]thelackofstablecommunities

[B]thebreakdownofinformalinformationchannels

［C］theincreasedmobilityoffamilies

［D］thegrowingnumberofpeoplemovingfromplacetoplace

［答案］B

［解題思路］

本題中“it”這個詞所在的句子為原文第二段的第二句話"Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheir

stablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,theinformal

flowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhen

neededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable由于很多家庭搬出了原來那個穩(wěn)定的社區(qū)，由此

離開了多年的朋友、并脫離了家族的聯(lián)系，其非正式的信息交流就被中斷了，因此他們也需