2024–2025學(xué)年初升高英語無憂銜接及新課預(yù)習(xí)（全國）專題14 UNIT1 TEENAGE LIFE（語法寫作）（解析版）

專題14UNIT1TEENAGELIFE（語法“名詞短語、形容詞短語、副詞短語”、建議信寫作）目錄語法聚焦：名詞短語、形容詞短語、副詞短語語法速記：語法知識點(diǎn)梳理，查漏補(bǔ)缺寫作強(qiáng)化：建議信學(xué)以致用：提升專練，全面突破語法聚焦：名詞短語、形容詞短語、副詞短語短語或詞組是具有一定意義但不構(gòu)成句子或從句的一組詞,在句子里可以單獨(dú)構(gòu)成一種句子成分。一、名詞短語（NP）（NounPhrase）指以一個名詞為中心構(gòu)成的短語,在句中的功能相當(dāng)于名詞。名詞短語通常是由名詞及其修飾語構(gòu)成。（一）名詞短語的組成1.前置定語+名詞作前置定語的主要有：限定詞、名詞所有格、數(shù)詞、形容詞、名詞、單個的分詞或動名詞等。限定詞包括：冠詞(a/an/the)指示代(this/that/these/those)物主代(my/your/his/her/their)不定代(some/no/neither/both)Theonlineshopsellschildren’sandmen’sshoesataverylowprice.網(wǎng)店以低廉的價格銷售兒童和男士的鞋子。Ourschoolhasfifty-sixwomenteachers.我們學(xué)校有56個女教師。Thesleepingchildishisson.正在睡覺的孩子是他的兒子.Thefallenleavesarelikeathickblanketontheground.落葉像一層厚厚的毯子蓋在地上。2.名詞+后置定語作后置定語的主要有：介詞短語、分詞、不定式等。Ifyoudon’tknowthewaytothesciencemuseum,hereisamapofthecity.如果你不知道去科技博物館的路，這是城市地圖。Therearesomeboysplayingbasketballoverthere.有一些男孩正在那邊打籃球。Theproblemdiscussedyesterdayhasbeensolved.昨天討論的問題被解決了。（二）名詞短語的功能名詞短語在句中當(dāng)作名詞用，一般用作主語、賓語、表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語。1.作主語Thehousesbuiltlastyeararefortheteachers.去年建成的那些房子是為老師們建的。2.作賓語Jack’smothercan’tgototheparents’meetingbecausesheistoobusy.杰克的媽媽不能參加家長會，因為她太忙了。3.作表語Hewasthebestmantodothejob.他是做這個工作最好的人選。Thisisthemethodofcookingthetastycookie.這是做這種美味甜餅的方法。4.作賓補(bǔ)WemadeTomourgroupleader.我們選湯姆當(dāng)我們的組長。MoreandmoreforeignersconsiderBeijingOperaanimportantpartofChineseculture.越來越多的外國人認(rèn)為京劇是中國文化的一個重要組成部分。二．形容詞短語（AdjP）（AdjectivePhrase）指以一個形容詞為中心構(gòu)成的短語，在句中的功能相當(dāng)于形容詞。形容詞短語通常是由形容詞及其修飾語構(gòu)成。形容詞短語的組成1.副詞+形容詞注意：enough修飾形容詞，放在所修飾的形容詞之后。Thelittleboyisvery/quite/reallyclever.這個小男孩很/真的聰明。I’mterriblysorry.我非常抱歉。Tomismuchmorefriendly.湯姆更友好。Thiscoatwasmuchtooexpensive.這件大衣太貴了。Thismoviewasn’tinterestingenough.這部電影不足夠有趣。Youcan’tbecarefulenough.你怎么小心也不為過。2.形容詞+介詞短語His

facewas

white

with

anger.他的臉氣得發(fā)白。Thebottleisfullofwater.瓶子里裝滿了水。3.形容詞+不定式短語Heissuretocome.他一定會來的。He

is

eager

to

see

his

parents.他急切地想見到父母。（二）形容詞短語的功能形容詞短語在句中當(dāng)作形容詞用，一般可用作定語（修飾名詞或代詞）、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語或狀語。1.作定語Mylittlesisterisaverycuriousgirlandshealwaysasksmestrangequestions.我的小妹妹是一個好奇心強(qiáng)的女孩，她總是問我奇怪的問題。Tomisastudentalwaysreadytohelpothers.湯姆是個學(xué)生，總是樂于助人。2.作表語Robotissobusythatheevenhasnotimetostaywithhischildrenatweekends.羅伯特如此忙,以至于周末他沒有時間和孩子待在一起。He

can't

do

anything,

he's

completely

good

for

nothing!他什么都干不了，一點(diǎn)也沒用。3.作賓補(bǔ)Helpingothersmakesusveryproud.幫助別人使我們非常自豪。Ifindthebookeasytounderstand.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很好懂。4.作狀語Afterthelongjourney,thethreeofthemwentbackhome,hungryandtired.長途旅行后他們?nèi)嘶丶伊?，又累又餓。Curiousenough，Dannyopenedtheboxtoseewhatwasinit.出于好奇，丹尼打開了那只盒子，想看看里面是什么。三．副詞短語（AdvP）（AdverbialPhrase）指以一個副詞為中心構(gòu)成的短語,在句中的功能相當(dāng)于副詞。副詞短語通常是由副詞及其修飾語構(gòu)成。副詞短語的組成副詞+副詞注意：very,quite,extremely等程度副詞修飾副詞時，放在所修飾的副詞之前；enough修飾副詞時，放在所修飾的副詞之后。Herunsveryquickly.他跑的很快。Youarespeakingtoofast.Canyouspeakalittlemoreslowly?你說得太快了，你能說慢一點(diǎn)兒嗎？Youspeakclearlyenough.Icanfollowyou.你講得足夠清楚，我能聽懂。副詞短語的功能1.修飾動詞HespeaksEnglishquitefluently.他英語說得很流利。2.修飾形容詞Theinstructionsontheboxarereallyveryconfusing.盒子上的使用說明令人費(fèi)解。3.修飾副詞Thefirespread

far

too

fast.大火蔓延得太快了。4.修飾句子Luckilyenough,wewonthefirstprizeforthecompetition.足夠幸運(yùn)的是，我們獲得了比賽的第一名?？傊?，短語是英語中較大的詞塊,靈活地掌握詞塊,對豐富學(xué)生的詞匯量,提高學(xué)生的閱讀和寫作水平會起到事半功倍的作用。一．畫出并標(biāo)記句子中名詞短語，形容詞短語和副詞短語1.Thefirstweekwasalittleconfusing.2.ThebuildingissobigthatI'mcompletelylost.3.Thekidsoverthereareputtingsomethingonaroundpaperplate.4.Lindathinksandspeaksquitequickly,andshecandowellinthedebate.5.ThenewcoachtoldmethatIdidn'tplaywellenough.6.MyfirstFrenchclasswasveryconfusing.Theteacherspokesofast!1.Thefirstweekwasalittleconfusing.2.ThebuildingissobigthatI'mcompletelylost.3.Thekidsoverthereareputtingsomethingonaroundpaperplate.4.Lindathinksandspeaksquitequickly,andshecandowellinthedebate.5.ThenewcoachtoldmethatIdidn'tplaywellenough.6.MyfirstFrenchclasswasveryconfusing.Theteacherspokesofast!二．用括號里的短語回答問題。1.Howsoondoyouthinkyou'llfinishyourhomework?(prettysoon)2.Whatdoyouthinkofyournewteachers?(veryniceandpatient)3.Howmanyclubshaveyoujoinedthisyear?(twoclubs)4.HowwelldoesRitaplaytheviolin?Weneedanewviolinistinourmusicclub.(quitewell)5.Whatdidyouradvisersayabouttheadvancedliteraturecourse?(toodifficultbutveryinteresting)1.I'llfinishmyhomeworkprettysoon. 2.Mynewteachersareveryniceandpatient.3.Ihavejoinedtwoclubs. 4.Sheplaystheviolinquitewell.5.Theadvancedliteraturecourseistoodifficultbutveryinteresting.三．Joyce寫好了一個草稿，用名詞短語、形容詞短語、副詞短語幫助她潤色這篇文章，增添更多信息。CheerleaderTry-outsI'vealwayswantedtobeacheerleader.Yesterday,Itriedoutfortheteam.Itwashard.First,wehadtodance.Theteachershowedushowtomove,andthenwetried.Second,wepracticedsingingasongabouttheschoolbasketballteam.Finally,somegirlshadtolifttheirpartners.Theothergirlsjumpedandcheered.IthinkIdidwell,buttheothergirlswerebetter,I'mnotsureifI'llmaketheteamornot.I'vealwayswantedtobeahighschoolcheerleader.Yesterday,Itriedoutformyschool'scheerleadingteam.Itwasreallyhard.First,...I'vealwayswantedtobeahighschoolcheerleader.Yesterday,Itriedoutformyschool'scheerleadingteam.Itwasreallyhard.First,wehadtodancetothestrongbeatofmusic.Thedanceteachershowedushowtomoveveryenergetically,andwetriedveryhard.Second,wepracticesinginganinspiringsongabouttheschoolbasketballteam.Finally,somegirlshadtolifttheirpartners.Theothergirlsjumpedandcheeredveryhappily.IthinkIdidquitewell,buttheothergirlswereevenbetter.I'mnotquitesureifI'llmakethecheerleandingteamornot.四．了解多個形容詞作定語多個形容詞修飾名詞時，其排序規(guī)律是：(限定詞+程度副詞+)描繪性形容詞+表示大小(長短、高低)、形狀、年齡(新舊)的形容詞+表顏色的形容詞+表國籍或產(chǎn)地的形容詞+表物質(zhì)材料的形容詞+表類別或用途的形容詞+名詞。如：abeautifulbigroundnewblackRussianwoodentable(1)JohnSmith,asuccessfulbusinessman,hasa_____car.A.largeGermanwhite B.largewhiteGermanC.whitelargeGerman D.Germanlargewhite(2)______studentsarerequiredtotakepartintheboatrace.A.TenstrongyoungChinese B.TenChinesestrongyoungC.Chinesetenyoungstrong D.YoungstrongtenChinese1、B解析：按“大小+顏色+產(chǎn)地”的順序排列。2、A解析：數(shù)詞是限定詞，應(yīng)排在形容詞前，排除C和D；又strong是描繪，young是年齡，Chinese是國籍，其先后應(yīng)為“描繪＋年齡＋國籍”。五．畫出下例句中的形容詞短語并指明構(gòu)成形式(1).Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.____________________________________________________________________________________(2).Theroadislongenough. __________________________________________ (3).Themedicineisgoodforstomach.____________________________________________________________________________________Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.構(gòu)成形式：副詞+and+副詞+名詞Theroadislongenough.構(gòu)成形式：副詞+enoughThemedicineisgoodforstomach.構(gòu)成形式：形容詞+介詞短語六．將下列短語按照類型進(jìn)行歸類：areallybigchallengealittleconfusingverycarefullytheschooladvisoraverydifficultlanguagequitedifficultmuchmorecarefullyfartoofastallthesubjectsaseniorhighschoolstudentmyadvancedcoursestrongenough名詞短語：_____________________________________________________________________________形容詞短語：___________________________________________________________________________副詞短語：_____________________________________________________________________________名詞短語：areallybigchallenge;theschooladvisor;averydifficultlanguage;allthesubjects;aseniorhighschoolstudent;myadvancedcourse形容詞短語：alittleconfusing;quitedifficult;strongenough副詞短語：verycarefully;fartoofast;muchmorecarefully應(yīng)用文寫作——建議信假如你是李華，最近收到了你的美國朋友Jenny的來信。她在信中說：由于剛進(jìn)入高中還不能適應(yīng)新環(huán)境，她不知道如何去結(jié)交新朋友，因而情緒低落。請你回信，內(nèi)容如下：1．向Jenny表示問候和安慰；2．針對她的問題提出以下建議：(1)放學(xué)后邀請同學(xué)一起參加活動；(2)遇到困難時，互相幫助。注意：可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。第一步：審題謀篇第二步：要點(diǎn)翻譯1．你進(jìn)入高中后情緒低落。Youfeelbadafterenteringhighschool．2．你的同學(xué)也面臨著同樣的問題。Yourclassmatesarefacingthesameproblem．3．你不必太擔(dān)心。Youdon’thavetoworrytoomuchaboutit.4．盡力邀請你的同學(xué)一起參加一些活動。通過相互交流有助于相互理解。Trytoinviteyourclassmatestotakepartinsomeactivitiestogether.Itwillhelpyouunderstandeachotherbetterbycommunicatingwiththem．5．幫助有困難的同學(xué)。Helpstudentswhoareintrouble．第三步：詞句升級1．用因果關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)連接要點(diǎn)2、3Yourclassmatesarefacingthesameproblem,soyoudon’thavetoworrytoomuchaboutit.2．用定語從句合并升級要點(diǎn)4Trytoinviteyourclassmatestotakepartinsomeactivitiestogether,_whichwillhelpyouunderstandeachotherbetterbycommunicatingwiththem.第四步：連句成篇DearJenny，Iamsorrytohearyoufeelbadafterenteringhighschool.AsfarasIknow,yourclassmatesarefacingthesameproblem,soyoudon’thavetoworrytoomuchaboutit.Herearesomesuggestionstohelpyou.First,trytoinviteyourclassmatestotakepartinsomeactivitiestogether,whichwillhelpyouunderstandeachotherbetterbycommunicatingwiththem.Besides,helpstudentswhoareintrouble.Idohopeyouwillfindmysuggestionsuseful.Yourssincerely，LiHua一假設(shè)你是李華，你的英國朋友Susan在交友方面有些困難。請根據(jù)下面提示給她寫一封信。1．要交朋友首先要做一個朋友；2．要和朋友同甘共苦；患難之中的朋友才是真朋友；3．友誼需要時間和投入。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。DearSusan，Yours，LiHua[精彩范文]DearSusan，Iamsorrytoknowthatyouarehavingtroubleinmakingfriends.However,thesituationiseasytochangeifyoutakemyadvice.Herearesometipstohelpyou.Tobeginwith,whynotbeafriendfirstifyouwanttomakefriends?Inaddition，wouldn'titbeagoodideaifyousharehappinessandsorrowwithyourfriend?Justasasayinggoes,“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.”Lastbutnotleast,itwouldbeagoodideaifyouputyourheartintomakingfriends.Itiswell-knowntousallthatfriendshipcallsfortimeandeffort.Ihopeyouwillfindtheseideasuseful.Yours，LiHua二假如你是李華，最近收到了你的美國朋友John的來信。他在來信中說，他剛進(jìn)高中，不能適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境，不知道如何去結(jié)交新朋友，因而情緒低落。請根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容給他寫一封回信，回信應(yīng)包括以下內(nèi)容：1．向John表示問候和安慰。2．針對他的問題提出以下建議：(1)放學(xué)后邀請同學(xué)一起參加活動；(2)同學(xué)遇到麻煩時，要去幫助他們；(3)自己遇到困難時要向他們求助。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。[精彩范文]DearJohn，Iamreallysorrytohearthatyoufeelbadafterenteringhighschool.I'dliketotalkaboutitwithyou.Infact,inyourhighschool,yourclassmatesarealsonewstudentsandfacingthesameproblem,soyoudon'thavetoworrytoomuchaboutit.Thereisalsosomethingthatyoucandotochangethissituation.First,trytoinvitesomeofyourclassmatestotakepartinsomeactivitiestogetherafterschool.Thiswillhelpyouunderstandeachotherbetter.Then,helpyourclassmateswhentheyareintroubleandturntothemforhelpwhenyouhavedifficulty.Ibelieveyouwillmakemanynewfriendsandhaveahappyschoollifethere.Yours，LiHua課外拓展閱讀一閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chinaishometodiverseregionalcuisinesandagrowingforeign－foodscene,__1__nothingtopsthehotpotritual(用餐習(xí)慣)ofplacingfreshingredientsintoaboilingbroth(肉湯),accordingtoanewsurvey.Thesurvey,__2__(publish)byconsultingfirmOC&Cthisweek,foundthathotpotisChinesefavoritemeal.Atotalof2,600peoplethefirmsurveyedin21Chinese__3__(city)inFebruaryalsoplaceddomestichotpotchainHaidilao__4__thetopofthelistofthecountry's10favoriterestaurants.Hotpotwas__5__(original)eatentoavoidthewintercold,buthasbecomeafavoriteyear－roundfoodinChina.Famoushotpotchainsoftenhavelonglinesofpeoplewaitinghourstoget__6__table,evenonhotsummerdays.Muchofhotpot'spopularitycomesfromtheparticipatory(眾人參與的)natureofthecookingprocessandtimeavailableforsocializing.Friendsandfamilysitaroundapotofboilingbroth,droppingmeat,vegetablesandotheringredientsin__7__(cook)andabsorbtheflavors.Whilethefoodcooks,dinerschatandsocialize.Hotpot'ssuccessalso__8__(lie)inthecustomerserviceatleadingchains.RestaurantchainssuchasHaidilaoprovideattentiveserviceforcustomers,including__9__(entertain),suchasadanceperformancein__10__waitersthrowdough(面團(tuán))tomakenoodles.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________eq\x(篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了火鍋及其受歡迎的原因。)1．but考查連詞。上文說中國有許多不同菜系，外國美食熱也開始興起，下文說它們都敵不過火鍋，根據(jù)上下文語境可知，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填but。2．published考查非謂語動詞。survey和publish之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故填過去分詞作后置定語。3．cities考查名詞。由空前的數(shù)字21可知，此處應(yīng)填所給名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。4．a(chǎn)t考查介詞。atthetopof為固定表達(dá)，意為“在……頂部”，atthetopofthelist意為“在榜首”。5．originally考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。這里是副詞作狀語，語意為“吃火鍋原本是為了在冬天御寒”。6．a(chǎn)考查冠詞。此處表示“人們排幾個小時的隊是為了得到一張桌子，也就是吃上一口火鍋”，為泛指，用不定冠詞。7．tocook考查非謂語動詞。句意：親朋好友圍坐在一鍋沸騰的湯前，將肉、蔬菜和其他食材下進(jìn)鍋里去，以烹制并吸收味道。這里用動詞不定式作目的狀語。8．lies考查動詞的時態(tài)及主謂一致。由上下文語境可知，此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。主語Hotpot'ssuccess為單數(shù)形式，故填lies。9．entertainment考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。介詞including后接名詞作賓語。10．which考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。此處是“in＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞為performance，故用which。二閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Tonywasborn__1__asmallfarmnearYumaArizonaonMarch31,1931.Tonywastenyearsold__2__hebeganworkinginthefields.Hewasforcedtoleaveschoolafter__3__(graduate)fromtheeighthgradeinordertosupporthisfamilywhoh