2025高考英語步步高大一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義人教版2選擇性必修第二冊(cè)、Unit 1　Science and Scientists

2025高考英語步步高大一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義人教版2選擇性必修第二冊(cè)Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——會(huì)意1．choleran．霍亂2．diarrhoean．腹瀉3．dehydrationn．脫水4．contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的；對(duì)立的；不一致的5．germn．微生物；細(xì)菌；病菌6．pumpn．泵；抽水機(jī)；打氣筒7．waterpump水泵8．householdn．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人9．rawadj.未煮的；生的；未經(jīng)處理的；原始的10．statisticn．[pl.-s]統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計(jì)資料；統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)11．epidemiologyn．流行病學(xué)12．microscopen．顯微鏡13．proteinn．蛋白質(zhì)14．celln．細(xì)胞；小房間；單間牢房15．virusn．病毒16．vaccinen．疫苗17．frameworkn．框架；結(jié)構(gòu)18．theoreticalframework理論框架19．rainbown．彩虹20．concreten．混凝土adj.混凝土制的；確實(shí)的；具體的21．plasman．血漿22．a(chǎn)erospacen．航空航天工業(yè)23．patrioticadj.愛國的24．mechanicaladj.機(jī)械的；發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的；機(jī)器的25．mechanicn．機(jī)械師；機(jī)械修理工26．a(chǎn)viationn．航空制造業(yè)；航空；飛行27．jetn．噴氣式飛機(jī)28．missilen．導(dǎo)彈29．a(chǎn)stronomern．天文學(xué)家30．a(chǎn)stronomyn．天文學(xué)31．telescopen．望遠(yuǎn)鏡Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞——記形1．severeadj.極為惡劣的；十分嚴(yán)重的；嚴(yán)厲的2．subscribevi.認(rèn)購(股份)；定期訂購；定期交納(會(huì)費(fèi))3．suspectvt.&vi.懷疑；疑有；不信任n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對(duì)象4．blamevt.把……歸咎于；責(zé)怪；指責(zé)n．責(zé)備；指責(zé)5．handlen．把手；拉手；柄vt.處理；搬動(dòng)；操縱(車輛、動(dòng)物、工具等)6．linkn．聯(lián)系；紐帶vt.把……連接起來；相關(guān)聯(lián)7．substantialadj.大量的；價(jià)值巨大的；重大的8．decreasen．減少；降低；減少量vt.&vi.(使大小、數(shù)量等)減少；減??；降低9．transformvt.使改觀；使改變形態(tài)vi.改變；轉(zhuǎn)變10．thinkingn．思想；思維；見解11．findingn．發(fā)現(xiàn)；調(diào)查結(jié)果；(法律)判決12．initialadj.最初的；開始的；第一的13．solidadj.可靠的；固體的；堅(jiān)實(shí)的n．固體14．castvt.(cast，cast)投射；向……投以(視線、笑容等)；投擲15．shadown．陰影；影子；背光處16．pourvt.倒出；傾瀉；斟(飲料)17．leadershipn．領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能18．tracevt.追溯；追蹤；查出n．痕跡；遺跡；蹤跡19．outstandingadj.優(yōu)秀的；杰出的；明顯的20．a(chǎn)bstractadj.抽象的；理論上的n．(文獻(xiàn)等的)摘要21．conceptn．概念；觀念22．besidesprep.除……之外(還)adv.而且；此外23．brilliantadj.聰穎的；絕妙的；明亮的24．furthermoreadv.此外；再者25．faultn．弱點(diǎn)；過錯(cuò)26．shiftn．改變；轉(zhuǎn)換；輪班vi.&vt.轉(zhuǎn)移；挪動(dòng)；轉(zhuǎn)向Ⅲ.拓展單詞——悉變1．frustratedadj.懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的→frustratevt.使懊惱；使沮喪→frustrationn．沮喪；懊惱；挫敗2．infectionn．感染；傳染→infectvt.使感染；傳染→infectiousadj.感染的；傳染的3．proofn．證據(jù)；證明；檢驗(yàn)→provevt.證明linkv．證明是4．multipleadj.數(shù)量多的；多種多樣的→multiplyvi.&vt.乘；成倍增加；繁殖5．interventionn．介入；出面；干涉→intervenevi.干擾；介入6．pureadj.干凈的；純的；純粹的→purelyadv.完全地；純粹地→purifyvt.凈化；使……潔凈；提純7．defendvt.保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解→defense/defencen．防御；保衛(wèi)；保護(hù)8．a(chǎn)ssistantn．助理；助手→assistvt.&vi.幫助；協(xié)助→assistancen．幫助；協(xié)助；援助9．giftedadj.有天賦的；有天才的；天資聰慧的→giftn．禮物；天賦10．steadyadj.穩(wěn)定的；平穩(wěn)的；穩(wěn)步的→steadilyadv.穩(wěn)定地；持續(xù)地11．vividadj.生動(dòng)的；鮮明的；豐富的→vividlyadv.生動(dòng)地；逼真地；鮮明地1．have...atheart把……放在心上；熱心于做某事2．keep...ontrack使……做法對(duì)路3．counton信賴；依靠；指望4．betray/bI'treI/vt.背叛；出賣；流露5．stickupto支持；捍衛(wèi)6．nurture/'n??t??(r)/vt.培育；養(yǎng)育7．undertaking/??nd?'teIkI?/n．任務(wù)；事業(yè)8．dwell/dwel/vi.居?。粭韉wellon老是想著或嘮叨某事(尤指令人不愉快之事)9．inform/In'f??m/vt.知會(huì)；通知；報(bào)告10．parallel/'p?r?lel/adj.對(duì)應(yīng)的；平行的Ⅳ.背核心短語1．onceandforall最終地；徹底地2．subscribeto同意；贊同3．thanksto幸虧；由于4．breakout(戰(zhàn)爭、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然開始；爆發(fā)5．inchargeof主管；掌管6．comedownwith患(病)；染上(小病)7．a(chǎn)boveall最重要的是；尤其是8．diefrom/of死于9．intime及時(shí)；遲早10．belikelytodosth很可能做某事Ⅴ.悟經(jīng)典句式1．Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome.(until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句)在英國醫(yī)生約翰?斯諾向人們展示如何戰(zhàn)勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一。2．Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.(so...that...)他發(fā)現(xiàn)在兩條特別的街道上，霍亂暴發(fā)是如此嚴(yán)重以至于十天內(nèi)死了500多人。3．Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.(that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句)斯諾懷疑水泵就是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?．Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.(Itseemedthat...似乎……)該婦女似乎非常喜歡從水泵抽上來的水，每天都讓人從那里打水運(yùn)到家里來。5．Accordingly，hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.(havesthdone)因此，他讓人把水泵的把手拆掉，這樣水泵就用不成了。6．Mostpeoplearefamiliarwithimagesofhiminhiswheelchair，unabletomoveandusingacomputertotalk.(形容詞短語作狀語)大多數(shù)人都很熟悉他坐在輪椅上無法動(dòng)彈，只能通過電腦來說話的樣子。Sincetheseverediseasebrokeout，manypeopleallovertheworld1.________________________(infect)．Thespecialistsinepidemiologywhoareoutstanding，giftedandpatrioticalongwiththeirassistantshavebeen2.____________chargeoftracingthesourceofthevirusinordertodefendmorepeoplefrom3.________________(kill)．Theydesiredtoproducevaccinetohandlethedeadlydiseaseonceandforall.Initially，withconcreteproofcollected，theysuspectedthatwildbatswere4.____________(blame)．Butbyobservingtheviruswithmicroscopes，theygatheredsolidandmultiplestatisticsandmasteredtheframeworkofthevirus，which5.____________(gradual)transformedtheirinitialcontradictorythinking.Allthefindingsmadethemsubscribetotheideathattheviruswasnotdirectlylinkedtothebats，whichmadethebrilliantexperts6.____________(frustrate)．Thisalsocastashadowontheexperts，sotheyhadtoshifttowards7.____________topreventthevirusfromspreadingamongpeople.Aboveall，thelesswegoout，thelesslikelywewillcomedownwiththedeadlydisease.Furthermore，takinginmoreproteinandeatingmorevegetablesaregood8.____________(choose)aswell.Lastbutnotleast，whatweshoulddoisthatwemustwearmasksoutdoors.Thankstotheseinterventions，thethreatofthediseasesawasubstantialdecrease.Thediseasehastaughtustoleadahealthylifesuchasdrinkingpureorboiledwater9.____________avoidingrawfoods.Mostimportantly，weshouldhavefaithinourgovernment，under10.____________leadership，wehaveachievedsteadysuccess.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯blamevt.把……歸咎于；責(zé)怪；指責(zé)n．指責(zé)；責(zé)備?betoblame(forsth)(對(duì)某事)負(fù)有責(zé)任，應(yīng)受責(zé)備blamesbforsth因某事責(zé)備某人；把某事歸咎于某人blamesthonsb/sth把某事歸咎于某人/某事?take/bear/shouldertheblame(forsth)承擔(dān)(……的)過錯(cuò)/責(zé)任put/place/laytheblame(forsth)onsb把(……的)責(zé)任推給某人(1)Thesebiasedperspectivescannotbeblamed____________onesinglecause.(2023?北京)(2)老實(shí)說，你不應(yīng)該把失敗完全歸咎于你的搭檔。畢竟，你也應(yīng)該為此負(fù)責(zé)。Tobehonest，youshouldnotcompletely________________________________________.Afterall，youshouldalso____________________________________.(3)由于被指責(zé)考試沒考好，女孩忍不住掩面痛哭。(讀后續(xù)寫之情緒描寫)________________________________________________，thegirlcouldn’thelpcryingbitterly，buryingherfaceinherhands.decreasevt.&vi.(使大小、數(shù)量等)減少；減?。唤档蚽．減少；降低；減少量?decrease(from...)to...(從……)減少到……decreaseby...降低了……decreasein...在……方面減少/減小/下降?onthedecrease在減少adecreaseof...(in...)(在……方面)……的減少量(1)Thankstothegovernment’stimelyintervention，thenumberofpeopleaffectedbythediseasehasdecreased____________threehundred.(2)Accordingtoareport，therehasbeenadecreaseofnearly6%____________thenumberofvisitorstothemuseum.(3)據(jù)報(bào)道，由于智能手機(jī)的問世，看雜志的人數(shù)在減少。Itisreportedthatasaresultoftheappearanceofsmartphones___________________________________________________________________________.defendvt.保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解[defenc(s)en．防御；保衛(wèi)；保護(hù)]?defend...against/from(doing...)保護(hù)……免受……defendoneself自衛(wèi)；為自己辯護(hù)?indefence(of)保護(hù)；為了保衛(wèi)；(為……)辯護(hù)inone’sdefence為某人辯護(hù)(1)Facedwiththeseveredisaster，thegovernmentfirmlypromisedtodefenditspeople____________beingharmed.(2)Theassistantsteppedbackappearingfrightenedandputupherhandsasifin____________(defend)．(3)看到這條兇猛的蛇，他像箭一樣沖過去保護(hù)兒子。(讀后續(xù)寫之肢體動(dòng)作描寫)Seeingthefiercesnake，____________________________________________________.aboveall最重要的是；尤其是afterall畢竟；終究firstofall首先；第一allinall整體說來；總而言之inall全部；合計(jì)atall(否定句)一點(diǎn)也，完全；(疑問句)到底；究竟用all的相關(guān)短語填空(1)LearningthatyouarecomingtoBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversityasanexchangestudent，Iamwritingtogiveyousomesuggestions.________________，you’dbetterlearnsomebasicChinesebeforeyoucome.____________，youwillbeundercompletelyunfamiliarcircumstances.Secondly，youshouldbeoutgoing，activeandconfident.____________，youshouldbeoptimistic，whichcanhelpyouadapttothenewsurroundingseasily.____________，studyingforadegreeinadifferentcultureisnoteasy____________.(應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信)(2)Thankstoyourtimelyandgeneroushelp，Imanagedtohandlethefourproblems____________.until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome.在英國醫(yī)生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰(zhàn)勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一。?畫線部分是由until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，若主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的，那么主句需用肯定形式；若主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性的，則主句常用否定式，構(gòu)成not...until...結(jié)構(gòu)。?倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：部分倒裝“Notuntil＋時(shí)間狀語從句或短語＋謂語助動(dòng)詞＋主語＋謂語動(dòng)詞”。?強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis/wasnotuntil＋時(shí)間狀語從句或短語＋that＋主句部分。(1)我將一直在農(nóng)場工作直到我掙到足夠的錢幫助爸爸買輛新拖拉機(jī)。________________________________________________________________________tohelpmyfatherbuyanewtractor.(2)直到我參加了籃球隊(duì)，我才意識(shí)到團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的重要性。①I________________________________________________Itookpartinthebasketballteam.(not...until...)②____________________________________________________thesignificanceofteamwork.(倒裝句)③________________________________________________Irealizedthesignificanceofteamwork.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)so...that...Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.他發(fā)現(xiàn)在兩條特別的街道上，霍亂暴發(fā)是如此嚴(yán)重以至于十天內(nèi)死了500多人。so/such...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，意為“如此……以至于……”。?so...that...句型的常見形式：so＋adj./adv.＋that...so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(單數(shù))＋that...so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.(復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù))＋that...?such...that...句型的常見形式：such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(單數(shù))＋that...such＋adj.＋n.(復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù))＋that...?當(dāng)so/such放在句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝語序。(1)他是如此緊張，以至于他感覺自己舌頭打結(jié)，手心出汗。(讀后續(xù)寫之緊張心理描寫)①Hewas________________hefelthistonguetiedandpalmssweating.②________________________hefelthistonguetiedandpalmssweating.(用倒裝句改寫)(2)自學(xué)室是一個(gè)如此吸引人的地方，因此許多學(xué)生會(huì)聚集在那里，以進(jìn)一步提高他們的學(xué)習(xí)水平。(2022?浙江6月，應(yīng)用文寫作)Theself-studyroom____________________________________________________________tofurtherimprovetheirlearninglevel.(3)你在學(xué)習(xí)上取得了如此大的進(jìn)步，這次考試你一定會(huì)取得好成績。________________________________________________________________________havesthdoneAccordingly，hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.因此，他讓人把水泵的把手拆掉，這樣水泵就用不成了。havesthdone使某事被做；請(qǐng)人做某事；主語遭遇某事havesbdosth讓某人做某事havesb/sthdoingsth讓某人一直做某事或讓某事處于某種狀態(tài)can’thavesbdoingsth不能容忍某人做某事havesthtodo有某事要做(1)我們開始幫忙摘桃子，然后讓人把它們送到農(nóng)民家里。(2020·全國Ⅱ，書面表達(dá))Webegantohelppickpeachesandthen____________________________________________.(2)我很遺憾地告訴你，我將會(huì)讓你退出比賽，因?yàn)槲覀儾荒苋萑倘魏稳嗽诒荣愔凶鞅住regrettotellyouthatIwill____________________，forwe______________________________inthegame.(3)我非常抱歉讓你等了這么長時(shí)間，因?yàn)閯偛盼矣幸患o急的事情要處理。(應(yīng)用文寫作之道歉信)Iamterriblysorryfor_____________________，because_______________________justnow.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯Ⅰ.一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙1．handleeq\x(A.vt.處理B.vt.操縱C.n.把手D.vt.用手觸、碰、拿)(1)Thewayyouhandlechopsticksisimportanttoavoidannoyingyourcompanions.(2022·全國甲)________(2)Drivingacarisnotjusthandlingcontrolsbutjudgingspeedanddistance.________(3)TeainChinawastraditionallydrunkfromcupswithouthandles.________(4)Considerturningyourtravelplanovertoatravelagentandlettinghimdouble-checkallthedetails，makesuggestions，andthenhandletheactualreservations.(2023·浙江1月)________2．subscribetoeq\x(A.訂閱B.贊成；同意C.捐助)(1)Hesubscribestotheviewthatwecantacklethesevereprobleminthiswayonceandforall.________(2)Thisistheschooltheoutstandingandpatrioticscientistsubscribedtogenerouslyinthepast.________(3)UsingthemoneyIearnedintheholiday，Ihavesubscribedtomultiplemagazinesrecently.________3．快速閱讀下列句子并猜測句中加黑詞匯的漢語意思(1)Theresearchlackssolidproof，andtherefore，itsconclusionsaredoubtful.____________(2)It’smyturntobeonthenightshift.____________(3)Hereadthroughthepapersandmadeanabstractoftheircontents.____________(4)Overtwentyprisonerswerecrushedintoasmalldarkcell.____________(5)Thegovernmentneedstopumpmoremoneyintocommunitycare.____________Ⅱ.核心知識(shí)強(qiáng)化練——鞏固語言知識(shí)1．Furthermore，tabletennisis____________aninterestinggamethatpeopleallovertheworldplayit.2．Ihavetosay____________hisdefencebecausehe，anhonestman，won’tstealanythinginthegrocerystore.3．Inreality，themechanicmadeaseveremistake，____________(shift)hisweightnervouslyfromonefoottoanother.(讀后續(xù)寫之緊張心理描寫)4．However____________(gift)youare，youwon’tsucceedwithoutconstanteffortandperseverance.5．IwasovercomewithsadnessbecauseIwassuspected____________stealinghismoney.6．Suchameanwomanisshethatsheisalwaysfindingfault______________others，whichreallygetsusannoyed.7．Theoutstandingastronomerwhodevotedhimselftohiscareercamedown____________asevereillness.8．Ientirelybelievethatyouarenotlinked__________whathappenedjustnow.9．Thankstoyourgeneroushelpandkindness，myfirstCanadatripwastransformed__________________anunforgettablememory.(應(yīng)用文寫作之感謝信)10．Inasense，weshouldblamethepresentterribleenvironment____________humans’over-consumption.假定你是李華，近日你校舉辦了以“科學(xué)之美”為主題的科學(xué)節(jié)sciencefestival。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)，給你的外國朋友Peter寫一封信介紹該活動(dòng)，內(nèi)容包括：1.舉辦時(shí)間；2.活動(dòng)內(nèi)容；3.師生反響。完成句子1．我寫信告訴你，上周我們學(xué)校舉辦了一場主題為“科學(xué)之美”的科學(xué)節(jié)，其目的是提高學(xué)生的科學(xué)意識(shí)。(that引導(dǎo)賓語從句)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．活動(dòng)期間，安排了一系列科學(xué)知識(shí)小測驗(yàn)、吸引人的先進(jìn)技術(shù)講座和來自學(xué)生的各種科學(xué)作品展覽，我們仿佛在享受一場科學(xué)盛宴。(whichseemsthat...)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．活動(dòng)幾乎持續(xù)了一整天，直到標(biāo)志著最后一節(jié)課結(jié)束的鈴聲響起。(until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．既激動(dòng)又興奮，不僅學(xué)生，部分教師也積極參與其中。(形容詞短語作狀語)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．這次活動(dòng)非常吸引人，所有參與者都對(duì)這次活動(dòng)給予了高度評(píng)價(jià)。(so...that...引導(dǎo)倒裝句)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________組句成篇把以上句子用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡詞語和過渡句組成一篇80詞左右的短文。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________教材語料整合亮詞[人物描寫]frustrated；contradictory；gifted；outstanding；brilliant；leadership[動(dòng)作描寫]subscribeto；suspect；blame；handle；transform；cast；defend→defence；comedown(with)；inchargeof美句1.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.(情感描寫)2.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.(情感描寫)3.Forthisreason，Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology.(比喻)4.BorninShanghaiin1911，QianattendedschoolsinBeijingandthenenteredShanghaiJiaoTongUniversitytostudyRailwayMechanicalEngineering.(人物描寫)5.Nevertheless，Qiandidnotletthatdiscouragehimfromtakingonthechallenge.(情感描寫)6.On31October2009，thewholecountrywassaddenedbyQian’sdeath.(擬人)7.Besidesbeingbrilliant，hewasbrave，thoughsometimescarelessinwhathesaidordid.(人物描寫)8.Hewaswillingtosaywhatotherswereafraidtosay，andtodreamofwhatotherswereafraidtodreamabout.(排比)拓展語料積累情感細(xì)節(jié)描寫：憤怒(一)單詞ragen．&v．憤怒；boilv．怒火中燒；furiousadj.狂怒的；crossadj.生氣的；madadj.很生氣→madlyadv.發(fā)狂地；angryadj.生氣的→angern．生氣；憤怒v．激怒→angrilyadv.生氣地；annoyv．惹生氣；惹怒→annoyedadj.生氣的→annoyingadj.令人生氣的→annoyancen．生氣；憤怒詞塊flamewithanger/rage氣得臉通紅；turnwhitewithanger氣得臉色發(fā)白；bepurplewithanger/rage氣得臉色發(fā)紫；aflameofanger怒火；cloud(over)withanger怒容滿面；boilwithanger勃然大怒；glareatsb怒目而視；gobananas生氣；抓狂；biteone’sheadoff氣憤地對(duì)某人大喊大叫；loseone’stemper發(fā)脾氣句型1.Myteacherwasextremelydispleasedatmyconductandalmostshoutedatmeangrily.我的老師對(duì)我的行為極為不滿，幾乎憤怒地對(duì)我大喊大叫。2．ThemomentIsawhim，aflameofangershotthroughme.一看到他我就怒火中燒。3．Hegothotunderthecollarwhenhewasaskedtoberesponsibleforwhathehaddone.當(dāng)他被要求為自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)時(shí)，他很憤怒。4．Rageflowedthroughherlikelavawhenshegottheannoyingnews.當(dāng)她得到這個(gè)令人氣憤的消息時(shí)，憤怒像熔巖一樣彌漫她全身。5．Hersillyconductreallymademybloodboil.她愚蠢的行為真讓我怒火中燒。6．Onethingyoushouldkeepinmindisthatyourcertainhabitsmaygetonotherpeople’snerves.你得記住一件事：你的某些習(xí)慣可能會(huì)把別人惹毛。語料運(yùn)用杰出人物KnowingQianXuesenwasdeterminedtoreturntohismotherland，theauthoritiesoftheUS①____________________________.They②____________________________________anddetainedhisfamilies，③_______________________________________________________(定語從句)．④________________________(倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))hegaveupallhehadachievedinAmerica.⑤____________________________________(with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))，hewiselyfoughtwiththeUSandafterovercomingmanydifficulties，hemanagedtoreturntoChinain1955.Hisreturn⑥________________________________________________and⑦_(dá)___________________________，ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles.美國當(dāng)局知道錢學(xué)森決心回國后，極為生氣。他們不能允許這樣一個(gè)才華橫溢的天才離開，扣留了他的家人，這讓他勃然大怒。他如此憤怒以至于放棄了他在美國取得的一切。帶著滿腔怒火，他高明地與美國斗爭，并在克服了許多困難后，于1955年成功返回中國。他的歸來照亮了中國的火箭科學(xué)，在他的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，中國研制了東風(fēng)導(dǎo)彈。Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——會(huì)意1．tutorn．(英國大學(xué)中的)助教；導(dǎo)師；家庭教師vt.輔導(dǎo)2．citevt.引用；引述3．messengern．送信人；信使4．editionn．(報(bào)紙、雜志)一份；(廣播、電視節(jié)目)一期、一輯；版次5．cultureshock文化沖擊6．zonen．(有別于周圍的)地區(qū)；地帶；區(qū)域7．comfortzone舒適區(qū)；舒適范圍8．overwhelmingadj.無法抗拒的；巨大的；壓倒性的9．homesicknessn．思鄉(xiāng)?。秽l(xiāng)愁10．settingn．環(huán)境；背景；(小說等的)情節(jié)背景11．tremendousadj.巨大的；極大的12．matureadj.成熟的13．boomvi.&n．迅速發(fā)展；繁榮14．perspectiven．(思考問題的)角度；觀點(diǎn)15．envoyn．使者；使節(jié)；代表16．outlookn．前景；可能性；觀點(diǎn)17．beltn．腰帶；地帶18．initiativen．倡議；新方案Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞——記形1．complexadj.復(fù)雜的；難懂的；(語法)復(fù)合的2．recallvt.&vi.記起；回想起3．presentationn．報(bào)告；陳述；出示；拿出4．firmn．公司；商行；事務(wù)所adj.結(jié)實(shí)的；牢固的；堅(jiān)定的5．insightn．洞察力；眼光6．graspvt.理解；領(lǐng)會(huì)；抓緊7．expensen．費(fèi)用；花費(fèi)；開銷8．denyvt.否認(rèn)；否定；拒絕9．gainvt.獲得；贏得；取得；增加n．好處；增加10．a(chǎn)nglen．角；角度；立場11．sincerelyadv.真誠地；誠實(shí)地12．budgetn．預(yù)算13．outcomen．結(jié)果；效果Ⅲ.拓展單詞——悉變1．qualificationn．(通過考試或?qū)W習(xí)課程取得的)資格；學(xué)歷→qualifyvt.&vi.(使)具備資格；(使)合格→qualifiedadj.有資格的；稱職的2．a(chǎn)mbitionn．追求的目標(biāo)；夙愿；野心；抱負(fù)→ambitiousadj.有野心的；有雄心的3．a(chǎn)daptationn．適應(yīng)；改編本→adaptvt.使適應(yīng)；改編vi.適應(yīng)4．comfortn．安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸vt.安慰；撫慰→comfortableadj.令人舒適的；舒服的→uncomfortableadj.不舒服的5．participatevi.參加；參與→participationn．參加；參與→participantn．參與者6．engagevi.參加；參與(活動(dòng))vt.吸引(注意力、興趣)；雇用→engagedadj.忙于；從事于；已訂婚的→engagementn．訂婚；約定7．involvevt.包含；需要；涉及；影響；(使)參加→involvedadj.參與的；投入的→involvementn．參與8．motivatedadj.積極的；主動(dòng)的→motivationn．動(dòng)力；積極性；動(dòng)機(jī)→motivatevt.成為……的動(dòng)機(jī)；激發(fā)；激勵(lì)9．a(chǎn)dvisorn．(also-ser)顧問→advisevt.&vi.建議；勸告→advicen．建議；忠告10．reasonableadj.有道理的；合情理的→reasonablyadv.明智地；合理地→reasonn．原因；道理vt.&vi.推理，推斷vi.理解→unreasonableadj.不合理的；不公正的11．expectationn．期望；預(yù)期；期待→expectvt.預(yù)料；期望12．a(chǎn)pplicantn．申請(qǐng)人→applyvi.申請(qǐng)vt.應(yīng)用；使用；涂；敷→applicationn．申請(qǐng)(書)；應(yīng)用(程序)13．exposuren．接觸；體驗(yàn)；暴露；揭露→exposevt.使接觸；使體驗(yàn)；顯露；使暴露于(險(xiǎn)境)14．departuren．離開；啟程；出發(fā)→departvi.&vt.離開；啟程；出發(fā)15．dramaticadj.巨大的；突然的；急劇的；戲劇(般)的→dramaticallyadv.突然地；戲劇地；引人注目地→draman．戲??；戲劇性事件16．behavevt.表現(xiàn)vi.&vt.表現(xiàn)得體；有禮貌→behaviour/behaviorn．行為；舉止17．surroundingsn．[pl.]環(huán)境；周圍的事物→surroundingadj.周圍的；附近的→surroundvt.包圍；圍繞18．depressedadj.沮喪的；意志消沉的→depressvt.使沮喪；使憂愁→depressionn．沮喪；抑郁19．strengthenvi.&vt.加強(qiáng)；增強(qiáng)；鞏固→strongadj.強(qiáng)壯的→strengthn．體力；優(yōu)點(diǎn)20．optimisticadj.樂觀的→optimismn．樂觀主義21．competencen．能力；勝任；本領(lǐng)→competentadj.有能力的；稱職的22．cooperatevi.合作；協(xié)作；配合→cooperationn．合作；協(xié)作23．logicaladj.合乎邏輯的；合情合理的→logicallyadv.合乎邏輯地→logicn．邏輯(學(xué))；道理1．bully/'b?li/n．恃強(qiáng)凌弱者；橫行霸道者vt.恐嚇；脅迫2．a(chǎn)ttentive/?'tentIv/adj.專心的；留意的；體貼的3．exert/Iɡ'z??t/vt.施加；運(yùn)用4．rebellious/rI'belj?s/adj.叛逆的；反抗的；難對(duì)付的5．impose/Im'p??z/vt.&vi.把……強(qiáng)加于；強(qiáng)制推行6．immense/I'mens/adj.巨大的；無窮的7．unity/'ju?n?ti/n．團(tuán)結(jié)；聯(lián)合；統(tǒng)一8．universal/?ju?nI'v??sl/adj.全體的；通用的；普遍的9．personnel/?p??s?'nel/n．全體人員；職員；人事部門10．expertise/?eksp??'ti?z/n．專門知識(shí)(或技能)；專長Ⅳ.背核心短語1．participatein參加；參與2．speakup大聲點(diǎn)說；明確表態(tài)3．feelathome舒服自在；不拘束4．engagein(使)從事；參與5．getinvolvedin參與；卷入；與……有關(guān)聯(lián)6．costanarmandaleg(使)花一大筆錢7．sidewith支持；站在……的一邊8．a(chǎn)sfarasIknow據(jù)我所知9．a(chǎn)sfarasIamconcerned就我而言；依我看來10．insummary總的來說；總之11．generallyspeaking一般來說Ⅴ.悟經(jīng)典句式1．ItwasthefirsttimethatshehadleftChina.(Itwasthefirsttimethat＋過去完成時(shí))這是她第一次離開中國。2．IhadtolearnhowtousepublictransportandhowtoaskforthingsIdidn’tknowtheEnglishnamesfor.(疑問詞＋不定式)我不得不學(xué)習(xí)如何使用公共交通工具，如何要到我不知道英語名字的東西。3．Atfirst，XieLeihadnoideawhatsheshouldsay，butwhatsurprisedherwasthatshefoundherselfspeakingupinclassafterjustafewweeks.(what引導(dǎo)的同位語從句)剛開始，謝蕾不知道該說什么，但使她驚奇的是，沒過幾周，她就能在課堂上大膽發(fā)言了。4．Somemaystruggleandsufferfromcultureshockwhenlearninghowtobehaveinnewsurroundings.(狀語從句的省略)在學(xué)習(xí)如何在新環(huán)境中舉止得體時(shí)，有些人可能會(huì)感到吃力，并承受文化沖擊的折磨。5．Tosumup，onecannotdenythefactthatstudyingabroadhasitsdisadvantages，sowhenyouthinkaboutstudyingabroad，youshouldconsiderthesemanyfactors.(onecannotdenythefactthat...不可否認(rèn)的事實(shí)是……)總之，我們無法否認(rèn)的事實(shí)是：出國留學(xué)有其弊端。因此當(dāng)你想要到海外求學(xué)時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮上述諸多因素。IhavestudiedforbusinessqualificationsatPekingUniversityforoneyear.Irecallthatfacedwithcomplexsurroundingsanddramaticchanges，Isufferedfromtremendouspressureandoverwhelminghomesickness，1.____________mademedepressedinthebeginning.Butbeinganambitious，optimisticandmaturestudent，Imanagedtomotivatemyselftostepoutofmycomfortzone.Igraspedeverychancetospeakupandofferlogicalpresentationsinclass,2.____________(enable)myselftobecomecompetent.IengagedintheLiteratureClubto3.____________(strong)myliteraryoutlookonlife.IgotinvolvedintheBasketballAssociationsothatIcouldlearntocooperatewithothers.Iparticipatedinsomeothermeaningfulactivitiesandbenefitedmuchfromthe4.____________(participate)．Thereisnodenyingthatallofthemcouldmakemeseethingsfromdifferentanglesandhavemorereasonableinsightsintodailyaffairs.AsfarasI’mconcerned,5.__________(expose)tothesurroundingsettings，Igraduallyfeltathome.Justastheoldsayinggoes，“Nopains，nogains.”NowIcanbehave6.____________(perfect)atuniversity.Furthermore，becauseIwasonatightbudget，Itookupaposition7.____________atutortocovermydailyexpensesandtuitionfees，whichcostanarmandaleg.Nowmyambitionistobecomeanadvisorforexchangestudents8.____________(broaden)myglobalperspectiveandimprovemycompetence.Amongsomanyapplicants，IbelievethatIam9.____________(qualify)forthejobbecauseIhavefirmdetermination.10.____________theoutcomeis，I’llsincerelysidewiththeschool’sdecision.Insummary，nowIamconfidentinmyexpectationofsettingupmyownfirminthefuture.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯comfortn．舒服；安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物vt.安慰；撫慰(comfortableadj.舒適的；舒服的comfortablyadv.舒服地uncomfortableadj.不舒服的)?beacomforttosb對(duì)某人來說是個(gè)安慰incomfort＝comfortably舒適地toone’scomfort令人寬慰的是?comfortsbwithsth用某物安慰某人(1)Myambitionistolive____________(comfort)inthesuburbsofthecityinthefuture.(2)就我個(gè)人而言，在寒冷的夜晚喝杯熱牛奶真是一種安慰。AsfarasIamconcerned，_______________________________________________.(3)看到我對(duì)這一幕感到不舒服，父親站了起來，走近我，把我抱在懷里，用鼓舞人心的話語溫柔地安慰我。(讀后續(xù)寫之場景描寫)________________________________________，myfatherrosetohisfeet，approachedmeandgatheredmeintohisarms，______________________________________________.engagevi.參加；參與(活動(dòng))vt.吸引(注意力、興趣)；雇用(engagedadj.忙于；從事于；已訂婚的；占線的；使用中的engagementn．訂婚；約定)?engagesbtodosth雇用某人做某事engage(sb)in(使某人)從事；參與?beengagedtosb與某人訂婚beengagedin忙于；從事于(1)Marywillbeengaged____________Tom，andtheir______________(engage)attractsmanypeople’sattention.(2)Accordingtotheinitiative，manyambitiousgraduateswillbeengaged________________(tutor)childreninremoteregions.(3)盡管你忙于你的學(xué)習(xí)，你也應(yīng)該抽出一些時(shí)間來參加戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)。____________________________________________________，youshouldsetasidesometimeto____________________________________.(4)上周舉辦了一場旨在增強(qiáng)我們的傳統(tǒng)文化意識(shí)的活動(dòng)，這引起了很多關(guān)注。Anactivityaimedatstrengtheningoursenseoftraditionalculturewasheldlastweek，____________________________________.involvevt.包含；需要；涉及；影響；(使)參加(involvedadj.參與的；投入的involvementn．參與；投入)?involve(doing)sth包含；需要(做)某事involveoneselfinsth參加……?be/getinvolvedin參與；卷入；與……有關(guān)聯(lián)；專注于(1)AsfarasIknow，the____________(involve)oftheforeignministerswasitselfasignofprogress.(2)Lastweekend，Iparticipatedinavoluntaryactivitywhichinvolved____________(care)foroldpeopleinanurseryhome.(3)得知你們歡迎來自不同國家的學(xué)生，我想?yún)⒓舆@次夏令營。(應(yīng)用文寫作之申請(qǐng)信)Learningthatyouwelcomestudentsfromdifferentcountries，____________________________________________________________.expectationn．預(yù)料，預(yù)期；期望；盼望(expectvt.期待，期望；預(yù)料，預(yù)期expectedadj.預(yù)期的，預(yù)料的unexpectedadj.出乎意料的；意外的unexpectedlyadv.出乎意料地)?liveupto/meetone’sexpectations不負(fù)某人所望beyond/outofone’sexpectations出乎某人的意料?expect(sb)todosth預(yù)計(jì)/期望(某人)做某事asexpected正如所料；不出所料(1)Inspiteofan____________(expect)fallduringtherace，hejumpedtohisfeetanddashedtowardsthefinishline.(讀后續(xù)寫之動(dòng)作描寫)(2)我們渴望這次與您合作的寶貴機(jī)會(huì)，我們相信我們能夠達(dá)到您的期望。Weareeagerforthepreciousopportunitytocooperatewithyouandweareconfidentthatwecan____________________________________.(3)本周六美術(shù)館將舉辦一場中國剪紙展，預(yù)計(jì)將從早上8點(diǎn)開始，持續(xù)約4個(gè)小時(shí)。(應(yīng)用文寫作之通知)TherewillbeaChinesepaper-cuttingshowthisSaturdayintheartgallery，________________________________________from8：00am.exposevt.使接觸；使體驗(yàn)；顯露；使暴露于(險(xiǎn)境)(exposuren．接觸；體驗(yàn)；暴露；揭露)expose...to...使……暴露于……；使……體驗(yàn)……beexposedto暴露于；接觸(1)Generallyspeaking，thereisadirectlinkbetweenthesun______________(expose)andskincancer，sotrytoavoidexposingyourskin____________thesun.(2)我從小就接觸外教，因此，我能夠用英語和其他人自由交流。(應(yīng)用文寫作之申請(qǐng)信)①I________________________________________________，soIcancommunicatefreelywithothersinEnglish.②____________________________________________________________，IcancommunicatefreelywithothersinEnglish.(用havingdone作狀語改寫)Itwasthefirsttimethat...ItwasthefirsttimethatshehadleftChina.這是她第一次離開中國。?“It/This/That＋was＋thefirst/second/...time(that)＋過去完成時(shí)”表示“某人第一/第二/……次……”?“It/This/That＋is＋thefirst/second/...time(that)＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”表示“某人第一/第二/……次……”?Itis/was(about/high)timethat...shoulddosth/didsth意為“到了……做某事的時(shí)間了”，should不能省略。本句型相當(dāng)于Itis/was(about/high)timeforsbtodosth。?“Therewasatimewhen...＋過去完成時(shí)”表示“曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間……”(1)Itisthefirsttimethathe________________(leave)home，whichmayaccountforhisdeephomesickness.(2)這是雙胞胎第一次為母親準(zhǔn)備早餐，因此他們既激動(dòng)又緊張。(2021?新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫)________________________________________________abreakfastfortheirmother，sotheywereexcitedandnervous.(3)到了政府應(yīng)該采取有效措施保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物免于滅絕的時(shí)候了。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(4)我還記得有一段時(shí)間，我對(duì)與大自然有關(guān)的一切都很著迷。Istillremember___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.疑問詞＋不定式IhadtolearnhowtousepublictransportandhowtoaskforthingsIdidn’tknowtheEnglishnamesfor.我不得不學(xué)習(xí)如何使用公共交通工具，如何要到我不知道英語名字的東西。?“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可在句中作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等句子成分。?在“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式必須用主動(dòng)式而不能用被動(dòng)式。?why或whynot后加不定式時(shí)，省略不定式符號(hào)to。?whether后可接不定式，而if后不可以。(1)由于他們流露出極強(qiáng)的興趣，我開始教他們?nèi)绾闻葜袊?。Withtheirinterestgreatlysparked，Ibegantoteachthem___