（中考英語語法）語法專題十一 被動語態(tài)【考點(diǎn)精講精練】-2023年中考語法一點(diǎn)通（學(xué)生版）

（中考英語語法）語法專題十一被動語態(tài)【考點(diǎn)精講精練】-2023年中考語法一點(diǎn)通（學(xué)生版）（中考英語語法）語法專題十一被動語態(tài)【考點(diǎn)精講精練】-2023年中考語法一點(diǎn)通（學(xué)生版）/（中考英語語法）語法專題十一被動語態(tài)【考點(diǎn)精講精練】-2023年中考語法一點(diǎn)通（學(xué)生版）語法專題十一、被動語態(tài)(必考)考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)精講什么是被動語態(tài)?(概念理解)語態(tài)(voice),是動詞的一種形式,用以說明主語和謂語動詞的關(guān)系.英語語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài).主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者.【巧記】"主動,主動,主去動”被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的承受者.【巧記】"被動,被動,主被動”注意,被動語態(tài)里的謂語動詞一定是及物動詞.主語和謂語動詞是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系.被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)"主+be+及物動詞的過去分詞+(bysb)”,時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化體現(xiàn)在助動詞be上.注意,主動語態(tài)有的時(shí)態(tài),被動語態(tài)都有,時(shí)態(tài)的變化體現(xiàn)在系動詞be上.WespeakChinese.我們說漢語.(主動語態(tài)：主語"我們”是謂語"說”的執(zhí)行者)Chineseisspokenbyus.漢語被我們說.(被動語態(tài)：主語"漢語”是謂語"說”的承受者)通俗來講,被動語態(tài)就是表示主語和謂語存在一種被動關(guān)系,相當(dāng)于漢語中的"被字句”.什么時(shí)候用被動語態(tài)?(使用情況)不知道動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)Somenewcomputerswerestolenyesterday.昨天幾臺新電腦被偷了.(不知道誰干的).沒必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)Iwasbornin2008.我是2008年(被我媽媽)生的.(我肯定是我媽生的,沒必要說)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時(shí)Thebookwaspublishedin2012.這本書2012年(被)出版的.(被動語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這本書,而不是出版社)不想明確動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)Thewindowisbroken.窗戶壞了.(具體誰弄壞的,不明說)【助記口訣】誰做的不知道,說出誰沒必要;承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào),執(zhí)行者不明確.主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換(語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換)主+謂(及物動詞)+賓(主動語態(tài))主+be+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+賓(被動語態(tài))Simonatethedumplings.Simon吃了餃子.ThedumplingswereeatenbySimon.餃子被Simon吃了.(餃子不能吃Simon)所以主動變被動分三步(1)主語(執(zhí)行者)和賓語(承受者)互換位置.(2)把主動語態(tài)的謂語動詞變成被動形式(be+及物動詞的過去分詞).(3)被動語態(tài)里的賓語前加by(有時(shí)可省略),by后賓語若是代詞變賓格.Weproducetheseproducts→我們生產(chǎn)這些產(chǎn)品.Theseproductsareproducedbyus.這些產(chǎn)品被我們生產(chǎn).【助記口訣】賓變主,主變賓,賓前by;謂語變被動,be后"過分”跟.【注意】(1)有些由"動詞+介詞或副詞”構(gòu)成的動詞短語,相當(dāng)于及物動詞,存在被動語態(tài).在將含有這些動詞短語的主動語態(tài)變換成被動語態(tài)時(shí),不可將動詞與介詞或副詞拆分,也不可省略介詞或副詞.如,askfor(請求),talkabout(談?wù)?,listento(傾聽),lookafter、takecareof(照顧),thinkof(考慮),laughat(嘲笑)putup(建造),putoff(推遲),turndown(調(diào)低),turnoff(關(guān)掉),giveup(放棄),findout(發(fā)現(xiàn))等等.Hisclassmatesoftenlaughathim.同學(xué)經(jīng)常嘲笑他.(主動語態(tài))→Heisoftenlaughedatbyhisclassmates,他經(jīng)常被同學(xué)嘲笑.(被動語態(tài))(2)see,hear,watch,notice等感官動詞和make,let,have,help等使役動詞后,在主動句里經(jīng)常跟省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ),然而在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí),切不可省略to.Ioftenseethemplayfootballontheplayground.我經(jīng)常看到他們在操場上踢足球.(主動語態(tài)seesbdosth,不帶to)→Theywereoftenseentoplayfootball(byme)ontheplayground.他們經(jīng)常被我看見在操場上踢足球.(被動語態(tài)sbbeseentodosth要帶to)【拓展】不可轉(zhuǎn)換的情況,并不是所有主動語態(tài)的句子都可以轉(zhuǎn)換成被動語態(tài).根據(jù)語境推斷,不符合邏輯的.Ihaveabook.我有一本書.反過來,書被我有,講不通.謂語是不及物動詞或動詞短語的沒有被動語態(tài).因?yàn)椴患拔飫釉~沒有動作的承受者.Herunssofast.他跑得真快.只有跑這個(gè)動作的執(zhí)行者,構(gòu)不成被動語態(tài).系動詞無被動語態(tài).為什么?所謂"主系表”,它是對主語的描述,根本沒有賓語.系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示的就是主語的一種狀態(tài),而這種狀態(tài)一般就是通過形容詞或副詞來呈現(xiàn)的.Thedoorisclosednow.門現(xiàn)在關(guān)著了.雖然看上去是bedone的結(jié)構(gòu),但它表示的是一種狀態(tài),這里closed是過去分詞變過來的形容詞.4.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)(句型變化)肯定句主語+am/is/are+done+(bysb)+其他.否定句主語+am/is/are+not+done+(bysb)+其他.一般疑問句Am/Is/Are+主語+done+(bysb)+其他?特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+am/is/are+主語+done+(bysb)+其他?(這里我們用done表示及物動詞的過去分詞)WeareinfluencedbyConfucius’ideastoday.如今我們被(受)孔子思想影響.WearenotinfluencedbyConfucius’ideastoday.如今我們不被(受)孔子思想影響.AreweinfluencedbyConfucius’ideastoday?如今我們被(受)孔子思想影響嗎?WhyareweinfluencedbyConfucius’ideastoday?為什么如今我們被(受)孔子思想影響?Alotoftrees_______inourcityinspringeveryyear.A.areplanted B.wereplanted C.plant D.planted5.一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)變化：肯定句主語+was/were+done+(by+動作執(zhí)行者)+其他.否定句主語+was/were+not+done+(by+動作執(zhí)行者)+其他.一般疑問句Was/Were+主語+done+(by+動作執(zhí)行者)+其他?特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語+done+(by+動作執(zhí)行者)+其他?(這里我們用done表示及物動詞的過去分詞)ThepicturewasdrawnbySimonyesterday.這幅畫是Simon昨天畫的.ThepicturewasnotdrawnbySimonyesterday.這幅畫不是Simon昨天畫的.WasthepicturedrawnbySimonyesterday?這幅畫是Simon昨天畫的嗎?WhatwasdrawnbySimonyesterday?Simon昨天畫了什么?(昨天什么被Simon畫了?)6.一般將來時(shí)的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)變化肯定句主語+will/(am/is/are)goingto+be+done+(by+動作執(zhí)行者)+其他.否定句主語+willnot/(am/is/are)notgoingto+be+done+(by+動作執(zhí)行者)+其他.一般疑問句Will+主語+be+done+(by+動作執(zhí)行者)+其他?Be(Am/Is/Are)+主語+goingto+be+done+(by+動作執(zhí)行者)+其他?特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+Will+主語+be+done+(by+動作執(zhí)行者)+其他?特殊疑問詞+be(Am/Is/Are)+主語+goingto+be+done+(by+動作執(zhí)行者)+其他?BookswillbereplacedbytheInternetinthefuture.未來書籍將會被互聯(lián)網(wǎng)取代.BookswillnotbereplacedbytheInternetinthefuture.未來書籍將會被互聯(lián)網(wǎng)取代.WillbooksbereplacedbytheInternetinthefuture?未來書籍會被互聯(lián)網(wǎng)取代嗎?WhywillbooksbereplacedbytheInternetinthefuture?未來書籍為什么會被互聯(lián)網(wǎng)取代?Primaryandsecondaryschoolstudents_____mobilephonestoschools,accordingtothelatestrules.A.will

not

allow

to

bring B.will

not

be

allowed

to

bringC.will

be

not

allowed

to

bring D.will

allow

not

to

bring7.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)(1)含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的定義：用來說明主語被動性動作所反映的情感和態(tài)度.(2)含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)："主語+情態(tài)動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞”,常見的情態(tài)動詞有can,may,must,should,could等等.ThesephotoscanbeseenontheInternet.這些照片會在網(wǎng)上被看到.Teachersshouldberespected.老師應(yīng)該得到尊重.(3)含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的句式變化肯定句主語+情態(tài)動詞+be+done+(by+動作執(zhí)行者)+其他.否定句主語+情態(tài)動詞+not+be+done+(by+動作執(zhí)行者)+其他.一般疑問句情態(tài)動詞+主語+be+done+(by+動作執(zhí)行者)+其他.?特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+情態(tài)動詞+主語+be+done+(by+動作執(zhí)行者)+其他.?ThesephotoscanbeseenontheInternet.這些照片會在網(wǎng)上被看到.Thesephotoscan’tbeseenontheInternet.這些照片會在網(wǎng)上被看到.CanthesephotosbeseenontheInternet?這些照片會在網(wǎng)上被看到嗎?WhencanthesephotosbeseenontheInternet?這些照片什么時(shí)候會在網(wǎng)上被看到?Theoldmenandthechildrenmust_____inourcountry.A.take

good

care B.be

taken

good

care

ofC.take

care

ofD.be

taken

good

care8.被動語態(tài)用法總結(jié)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主+am/is/are+done一般過去時(shí)主+was/were+done一般將來時(shí)主+will+be+done主+am/is/aregoingto+be+done含有情態(tài)動詞的主+情態(tài)動詞+be+done考點(diǎn)精練考點(diǎn)精練中考語法—被動語態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)(共計(jì)50小題,每小題2分,總分100分.)1.Anewhighspeedtrainrailwaystation________inHechiinfiveyears.A.willbuild B.willbebuilt C.hasbuilt D.hasbeenbuilt2.Childrenunder12yearsold_____ridesharingbikes.It'stoodangerous.A.shouldn’tallowto B.shouldn’tallowC.shouldn’tbeallowedto D.shouldn’tbeallowed3.Aftertheboy?shomework________,hewentouttoplay.A.finished B.finishes C.wasfinished D.isfinished4.Paper,oneofthefourgreatestinventionsinancientChina,________byCaiLunabout2,000yearsago.A.was

invented B.is

invented C.were

invented D.are

invented5.Ifthesciencefiction______intoEnglish,itwillbepopulararoundtheworld.A.translates B.istranslated C.translated D.wastranslated6.Nomatterhowmanydifficultieswehave,Ibelievealltheproblemscan______intheend.A.solve B.be

solved C.answer D.be

answered7.TheMonkeyKingisatraditionalChinesecartoonhero.Today,he______bypeopleofallages.A.willlove B.wasloved C.isloved D.willbeloved8.Whereweshouldgo______nextFriday.A.isdecided B.wasdecidedC.willbedecided D.hasbeendecided9.InourEnglishclass,manychances______tostudentstoshowthemselves.A.offer B.are

offered C.offered D.are

offering10.Fishing_________inordertoprotecttheecosystemofHanjiangRiver.A.allows B.is

allowed C.isn't

allowed D.won't

allow11.Today,manywinterOlympicsports______evenbychildren.A.enjoyed B.enjoy C.wereenjoyed D.areenjoyed12.Thesecakes

withchocolate.

Haveone,

please.A.fill B.filled C.arefilled D.werefilled13.Somepeoplethinktrees____onTreePlantingDayonly．A.shouldplant B.shouldbeplantedC.shouldbeplant D.shouldbeplanting14.Thetelephone______in1876.A.invented B.invents C.isinvented D.wasinvented15.Theplan______inaninternationalmeetinglastyear.A.discussed B.isdiscussingC.willbediscussed D.wasdiscussed16.Wecanleavetwohoursearlierifthework______.A.completes B.completed C.is

completed D.was

completed17.—______you______toJim'sbirthdaypartylastnight?—Yes,Iwas.ButIwastoobusytobethere.A.Did;invited B.Were;invite C.Was;invited D.Were;invited18.Ginawenttothedoctor'syesterdayandshe______abouttheimportanceofgoodlivinghabitsoncemore.A.told B.istold C.wastold D.hastold19.—Whyareyouleavingyourjob?—Ican'tstanditanylonger.I

always

toworkovertime.A.am;asking B.am;asked C.was;asking D.was;asked20.In

order

to

make

Dandong

more

beautiful,more

trees

and

flowers

______every

year.A.will

plant B.should

plantC.should

be

planted D.must

plant21.PeopleinLanzhouaregladthatamodernsubway______inseveralyears.A.willcomplete B.willbecompletedC.hascompleted D.iscompleted22.The

students

in

this

school

are

made_______

school

uniforms

on

Monday．A.to

wear B.wearing C.wear D.worn23.Hurryup!Oncetheconcertstarts,nobody______toentertheconcerthall.A.allows B.allowed C.isallowed D.isallowing24.—How

clean

your

car

is!—Thank

you．It______very

often．A.is

washed B.washes C.was

washed D.washed25.IlearnttoswimwhenIwassix.I______bymymother.A.amtaught B.wastaught C.willbetaught D.havetaught26.It'sreportedthatJiangsuGrandTheatre______inSeptemberthisyear.A.completes B.iscompletedC.willcomplete D.willbecompleted27.ItissaidthatanA-shapedtower______inthecenterofthecitynextyear.A.builds B.willbuild C.willbebuilt D.isbuilt28.DoyouknowMoYan?Hisbooks______intoEnglisha

fewyearsago.A.weretranslated B.translatedC.aretranslated D.translates29.—Do

you

think

teenagers

to

make

their

own

decisions?—No,I

don't

agree

with

you.They're

too

young

to

do

that.A.encourage B.are

encouragingC.are

encouraged D.were

encouraged30.Lookatournewschool.It____lastyear.A.built B.wasbuilt C.isbuilt D.willbebuilt31.Whenyou

adifficulttask,trytocontinuewithitandfinishit.A.give B.aregiving C.gave D.aregiven32.—DoyouknowEarthDay?—Sure.It________in1970totellustoprotectourplanet.A.setsup B.setup C.issetup D.wassetup33.—Excuseme,couldyoupleasetellmeifthesportsmeeting______ontime?—Hardtosay.Ifit______tomorrow,we'llhavetoputitoff.A.willhold;rains B.willbeheld;rainsC.willbeheld;willrain D.holds;willrain34.Over$30,000forachildren’shospitalbyaBritishgirlseveralmonthsago.A.israised B.wasraised C.willberaised D.hasbeenraised35.—How

often

do

I

need

to

feed

the

dog?—It

________

food

every

day,or

it

will

be

hungry.A.must

give B.must

be

give C.must

gave D.must

be

given36.—Mom,where

is

my

model

plane?—Oh,it____

to

Jenny

yesterday．A.islent B.lends C.waslent D.lent37.I

want

to

know

if

an

English

Singing

Competition

_____next

month.A.will

hold B.will

be

held C.holds D.is

held38.—What's

the

meaning

of

the

activity"Let's

Save"?—Paper

shouldn't

________

in

everyday

life.A.waste B.wasted C.be

wasted D.is

wasted39.—Whatareyouwatching?—TheStoryofChina.Thispart

atChinaBlockPrintingMuseumofYangzhouin2014.A.filmed B.was

filmed C.has

filmed D.is

filmed40.—I

enjoy

walking

on

the

clean

streets

in

the

morning．—You

know

they

by

the

hard-working

cleaners

every

day．A.clean B.are

cleaned C.are

cleaning D.will

clean41.WiththedevelopmentofChina,Chinese______bya

largenumber

????ofpeopleintheworld.A.speaks B.isspoken C.speak D.isspeaking42.Many

people

believe

that

tea______first

in

China

about

5,000years