2019年英語二真題

2019考研英語二試題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand

markA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHET(10points)

Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificant

weightfluctuations1,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmore

thatit2二

Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmatoshiftmyfocusfrombeing

generallyhealthyandphysicallyactivetofocusing3onthescale.Thatwasbadto

myoverallfitnessgoals.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinking

onlyof4thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.That

conflictedwithhowIneededtotrainto5mygoals.

Ialsofoundthatweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate6ofthe

hardworkandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoa

monthtonoticeanysignificantchangesinyourweight7alteringyourtraining

program.Themost8changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthand

incheslost.

Forthese9Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthly

weighingschedule10.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportantforme

to11myweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserveand

12anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneedto13mytraining

program.

Iusemybimonthlyweight-in14togetinformationaboutmynutritionas

well.Ifmytrainingintensityremainsthesame,butI'mconstantly15anddropping

weight,thisisa16thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.

The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverall

health,fitnessandwell-being.I'mexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceI

nolongercarrytheburdenofa18morningweigh-in.I'vealsoexperiencedgreater

successinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals.19Tmtrainingaccordingtothose

goals,notthenumbersonascale.

Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoukook,feel,how

youclothesfitandyouroverallenergylevel.

1.A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.HoweverD.Besides

2.A.caresB.warnsC.reducesD.helps

3.AsolelyB.occasionallyC.formallyD.initially

4.AloweringB.recording

5.A.一

6.A.depictionB.distributionC.

7.A.regardlessofB.asidefromC.alongwithD.dueto

8.A.rigidB.preciseC.immediateD.orderly

9.reasonsC.methodsD.claims

10.A.thoughB.againD.instead

11.A.trackB.overlookreport

12.A.approveofB.holdontoforD.dependon

13.A.shareB.adjustC.confirmDprepare

14.A.featuresB.rulesresults

15.AanxiousB.D.bored

16.A.secretBbeliefC.signD.principle

17.A.necessityB.decisionrequest

18.A.surprisingB.restrictingC.consumingD.disappointing

19.A.becauseB.

20.A.dominatingB.obsessing

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartADirections

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtextby

choosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET(40points)

Text1

Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesa

littlelater,inconjunctionwithachild'sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.

Childrenaren'tbornknowinghowtosay"I'msorry^^;rather,theylearnovertimethat

suchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends-andtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhy

researchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagood

thing.

Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeply

uncomfortable-it'stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwithstones.

Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated."Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinking

aboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,"saysAmrishaVaish,apsychology

researcherattheUniversityofVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalarger

recognitionthatemotionsaren'tbinary-feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinone

contextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhave

evolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.

Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,can

encouragehumanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,

canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.

Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychology

professorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforan

emotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguilt

andsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharingSomekids

whoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,

whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:Highsympathycansubstitute

forlowguilt.

Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244childrenUsingcaregiver

assessmentsandthechildren'sself-observations,sheratedeachchild'soverall

sympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaftermoral

transgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachanceto

sharedthemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchthey

sharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneones

sharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn'tmagicallybecomemoresympathetictothe

otherchild'sdeprivation

"That'sgoodnews,nMaltisays."Wecanbeprosocialbecausewecausedharm

andwefeelregret.

21.Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp

A)fosterachild'smoraldevelopment

B)regulateachild'sbasicemotions

C)improveachild9sintellectualability

D)intensityachild'spositivefeelings

22.Accordingtoparagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguilttobe

A)inexcusable

B)deception

C)addictive

D)burdensome

23.Vaishholdthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthat

A)emotionsaircontext-independent

B)anemotioncanplayopposingroles

C)emotionaresociallyconstructive

D)emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth

24.Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing___：

A.mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies

B.canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt

C.canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction

D.maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveaets

25.Theword"transgressions"(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto

A.Teachings

B,discussions

C.Restrictions

D.D.wrongdoings

Text2

Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainst

climatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthe

changewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbon

thantheyabsorb.

Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap.butitinvolvesstrikingasubtle

balance.Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable"carbonsinks"longintothefuturemay

requirereducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow,Californiaisleadingtheway,as

itdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.

Thestate'sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoung

treesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carrying

capacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,so

theygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest'scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.

Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrenderedless

easilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.

Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,drought

andinsectshavekilledoverlOOmilliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,

andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.

Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,00by

2030-financedfromtheproceedsofthestate1semissions-permitauctions,That's

onlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresin

all,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.

Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromthe

forestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthat

wouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsis

alreadyunderway.

Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionally

they'vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Only

recentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.

Califormi^splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,should

serveasamodel.

26.Bysaying"oneoftheharderchallenges,"theauthorimpliesthat

A.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol

B.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarming

C.extremeweatherconditionsmayarise

D.forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreat

27.Tomaintainforestsasvaluable"carbonsinks,"wemayneedto

A.preservethediversityofspeciesinthem

B.acceleratethegrowthofyoungtrees

C.strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants

D.lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacity

28.California'sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto

A.cultivatemoredrought-resistanttrees

B.reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests

C.findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsects

D.restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires

29.WhatisessentialtoCalifornia'splanaccordingtoParagraph5?

A.Tohandletheareasinseriousdangerfirst

B.Tocarryitoutbeforetheyearof2020

C.Toperfecttheemissions-permitauctions.

D.Toobtainenoughfinancialsupport

30.Theauthor'sattitudetoCalifornia'splancanbestbedescribedas__.

A.Ambiguous

B.Tolerant

C.Supportive

D.cautious

Text3

Americanfarmershavebeencomplainingoflaborshortagesforseveral

unlikelytostopwithoutanoverhaulofimmigrationrulesforfarmworks.

Congresshasobstructedeffortstocreateamorestraightforwardvisafor

consumerswillbethelosers.

workersenterthecountry,thecharacteristicsoftheagriculturalworkforceare

changing.Today'sfarmlaborers,whilestillpredominantlybominMexico,aremore

likelytobesettledratherthanmigratingandmorelikelytobemarriedthansingle,

They'realsoaging.Atthestartofthiscentury,aboutone-thirdofcropworkerswere

overtheageof35.Nowmorethanhalfare.Andpickingcropsishardonolderbodies.

Oneoft-debatedcureforthislaborshortageremainsasimplausibleasit'sbeenall

along:Nativebereturningtothefarm.

Mechanizationisnottheanswereither-notyet,atleast.Productionof

com,cotton,rice,soybeans,andwheathasbeenlargelymechanized,butmanyhigh-

value,labor-intensivecrops,suchasstrawberries,needlabor.Evendairyfarms,where

robotsdoasmallshareofmilking,havealongwaytogobeforethey'reautomated.

Asaresult,farmshavegrownincreasinglyreliantontemporaryguestworkers

usingtheH-2Avisatofillthegapsintheworkforce.Startingaround2012,requests

forthevisasrosesharply;from2011to2016thenumberofvisasissuedmorethan

doubled.

TheH-2Avisahasnonumericalcap,unliketheH-2Bvisafornonagricultural

workwhichislimitedto66,000ayear.Evenso,employerscomplaintheyaren't

OnesurveyfoundthatbureaucraticdelaysledtheaverageH-2Aworkertoarriveon

thejob22dayslate.Theshortageiscompoundedbyfederalimmigrationraids,which

removesomeworkersanddriveothersunderground.

Ina2012survey,71percentoftree-fruitgrowersandnearly80percentofraisin

andberrygrowerssaidtheywereshortoflabor.Somewesterngrowershave

respondedbymovingoperationstoMexico.FrompercentofthefruitAmericans

consumedwasimported.Littlemorethanadecadelater,theshareofimportedfruit

hadincreasedto

Ineffect,canimportfoodoritcanimporttheworkerswhopickit.

31.Whatproblemshouldbeaddressedaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Discriminationagainstforeignworkersinthe

B.BiasedlawsinfavorofsomeAmericanbusinesses.

C.Flawsinimmigrationrulesforfarmworkers.

D.Declineofjobopportunitiesinagriculture.

32.Onetroublewithagriculturalworkforceis

A.therisingnumberofillegalimmigrants

B.thehighmobilityofcropworkers

C.thelackofexperiencedlaborers

D.theagingofimmigrantfarmworkers

33,Whatisthemuch-arguedsolutiontothelaborshortageinfarming?

A.Toattractyoungerlaborerstofarmwork.

B.Togetnativeworkersbacktofarming.

C.Tousemorerobotstogrowhigh-valuecrops.

D.Tostrengthenfinancialsupportforfarmers.

34,AgriculturalemployerscomplainabouttheH-2Avisaforits

A.slowgrantingprocedures

B.limitondurationofstay

C.tightenedrequirements

D.controlofannualadmissions

35.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthistext?

A.AgricultureinDecline?

B.ImportFoodorLabor?

C.AmericaSavedbyMexico?

D.Manpowervs.Automation?

Text4

ArnoldSchwarzenegger,DiaMirzaandAdrianGrenierhaveamessageforyou:

It'seasytobeatplastic.They'repartofabunchofcelebritiesstarringinanewvideo

forWorldEnvironmentDayencouragingyou,theconsumer,toswapoutyoursingle-

useplasticstapleslikestrawsandcutlerytocombattheplasticscrisis.

ThekeymessagesthathavebeenputtogetherforWorldEnvironmentDaydo

includeacallforgovernmentstoenactlegislationtocurbsingle-useplastics.Butthe

overarchingmessageisdirectedatindividuals.

Myconcernwithleavingituptotheindividual,however,isourlimitedsenseof

whatneedstobeachieved.Ontheirown,takingourownbagstothegrocerystoreor

quittingplasticstraws,forexample,willaccomplishlittleandrequireverylittleofus.

Theycouldevenbedetrimental,satisfyinganeedtohave"doneourbit"withoutever

progressingontobigger,bolder,moreeffectiveactionsakindof"morallicensing"

thatallaysourconcernsandstopsusdoingmoreandaskingmoreofthoseincharge.

Whiletheconversationaroundourenvironmentandourresponsibilitytowardit

remainscenteredonshoppingbagsandstraws,we'reignoringthebalanceofpower

thatimpliesthatas"consumers"wemustshopsustainably,ratherthanas”citizens”

holdourgovernmentsandindustriestoaccounttopushforrealsystemicchange.

It*simportanttoacknowledgethattheenvironmentisn'teveryone'spriority-or

evenmostpeople's.Weshouldn'texpectittobe.Inherlatestbook,WhyGoodPeople

DoBadEnvironmentalThings,WellesleyCollegeprofessorElizabethR.DeSombre

arguesthatthebestwaytocollectivelychangethebehavioroflargenumbersof

peopleisforthechangetobestructural.

Thismightmeanimplementingpolicysuchasaplastictaxthataddsacostto

environmentallyproblematicaction,orbanningsingle-useplasticsaltogether.India

hasjustannounceditwill"eliminateallsingle-useplasticinthecountryby2022.”

Therearealsoincentive-basedwaysofmakingbetterenvironmentalchoiceseasier,

suchasensuringrecyclingisatleastaseasyastrashdisposal.

DeSombreisn'tsayingpeopleshouldstopcaringabouttheenvironment.It'sjust

thatindividualactionsaretooslow,shesays,forthattobetheonly,orevenprimary,

approachtochangingwidespreadbehavior.

Noneofthisisaboutwritingofftheindividual,It'sjustaboutputtingthingsinto

perspective.Wedon'thavetimetowait.Weneedprogressivepoliciesthatshape

collectiveaction(andreininpollutingbusinesses),alongsideengagedcitizens

pushingforchange.

36.Somecelebritiesstarinanewvideoto

A.demandnewlawsontheuseofplastics

B.urgeconsumerstocuttheuseofplastics

C.invitepublicopinionontheplasticscrisis

D.disclosethecausesoftheplasticscrisis

37.Theauthorisconcernedthatmorallicensing"may

A.misleadusintodoingworthlessthings

B.preventusfrommakingfurtherefforts

C.weakenoursenseofaccomplishment

D.suppressourdesireforsuccess

38.Bypointingoutouridentityas“citizensJ,theauthorindicatesthat

A;ourfocusshouldbeshiftedtocommunitywelfare

B:ourrelationshipwithlocalindustriesisimproving

C:Wehavebeenactivelyexercisingourcivilrights

D:Weshouldpressourgovernmenttoleadthecombat

39.DeSombrearguesthatthebestwayforacollectivechangeshouldbe

A:awin-winarrangement

B:aself-drivenmechanism

C:acost-effectiveapproach

D:atopdownprocess

40.Theauthorconcludesthatindividualefforts

A:canbetooaggressive

B:canbetooinconsistent

C:arefarfromsufficient

D:arefarfromrational

PartB

Directions:

Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext.Choosethemostsuitableheading

fromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Markyouranswersonthe

ANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Fivewaystomakeconversationwithanyone

Inchoosinganewhome,CamilleMeClain*skidshaveasingledemand:a

backyard.

MeClain'slittleonesaren'ttheonlykidswhohaveanopinionwhenitcomesto

housing,andinmanycasesyoungsters1viewsweighheavilyonparents*realestate

decisions,accordingtoa2018HarrisPollsurveyofmorethan2,000

Whilemorefamiliesbuckanolder-generationproclivitytoleavekidsinthedark

aboutrealestatedecisions,realtyagentsandpsychologistshavemixedviewsabout

thefinancial,personalandlong-termeffectskids*opinionsmayhave.

Theideaofinvolvingchildreninabigdecisionisagreatideabecauseitcanhelp

themfeelasenseofcontrolandownershipinwhatcanbeanoverwhelmingprocess,

saidRyanHooper,aclinicalpsychologistinChicago.

"Childrenmayfaceseriousdifficultiesincopingwithsignificantmoves,

especiallyifitremovesthemfromtheircurrentschoolorsupportsystem,"hesaid.

GregJaroszewski,arealestatebrokerswithGagliardoRealtyAssociates,said

he'snotconvincedthatkidsshouldbeinvolvedinselectingahome-buttheir

opinionsshouldbeconsideredinregardstoproximitytofriendsandsocialactivities,

ifpossible,

Youngerchildrenshouldfeellikethey'rechoosingtheirhome一withoutactually

gettingachoiceinthematter,saidAdamBailey,arealestateattorneybasedinNew

York.

Askingthemquestionsaboutwhattheylikeaboutthebackyardofapotential

homewillmakethemfeellikethey'rebeingincludedinthedecision-makingprocess,

Baileysaid.

Manyoftheaspectsofhomebuyingaren'taconsiderationforchildren,said

TraceyHampson,arealestateagentbasedinSantaClarita,Calif.Andplacingtoo

muchemphasisontheiropinionscanruinafantastichomepurchase.

"Speakingwithyourchildrenbeforeyoumakearealestatedecisioniswise,but

Iwouldn'tbasethepurchasingdecisionsolelyontheiropinions."Hampsonsaid.

Theotherissueisthatmanychildren-especiallyolderones—maybasetheirreal

estateknowledgeonHGTVshows,saidAaronNorrisofTheNorrisGroupin

Riverside,Calif

“TheyloveChipandJoannaGainesjustasmuchastherestofusJhesaid.

“HGTVhasseriouslychangedhowpeopleviewrealestate.Ifsnotshelter,it'sa

lifestyle.Withthatmindsetchangecomesomeseriousmoneyconsequences.n

Kidstendtogetstuckinthefeaturesandtheimmediatebenefitstothem

personally,Norrissaid.

Parentsneedtoremindtheirchildrenthattheirneeds,anddesiresmaychange

overtime,saidJulieGumer,arealestateanalystwith

"Theiropinionscanchangetomorrow,"Gumersaid."Harshasitmaybetosay,

thatdecisionshouldlikelynotbemadecontingentonachild'sopinions,butrather

madeforthemwithgreatconsiderationintowhathomecanmeettheirneedsbest—

andgivethemanopportunitytocustomizeitabitandmakeittheirown.”

Thisadviceismorerelevantnowthaneverbefore,evenasmoreparentswantto

embracetheideasoftheirchildren,despitethecurrenthousingcrunch.

A.remarksthatsignificantmovesmay

posechallengestochildren.

41,RyanHooperB.saysthatitiswisetoleavekidsinthe

darkaboutrealestatedecisions.

42.AdamBaileyC.advisesthathomepurchasesshould