2023年考研英語(yǔ)二真題試卷

2023年考研英語(yǔ)二真

題試卷

-CAL-FENGHAI-(2O23YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN

2023年考研英語(yǔ)二真題試卷

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)for

eachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10

points)

Beingagoodparentis,ofcourse,whateveryparentwouldlike

tobe.Butdefiningwhatitmeanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedly

very_1—,particularlysincechildrenresponddifferentlytothe

samestyleofparenting.Acalm,rule-followingchildmightrespond

bettertoadifferentsortofparentingthan,_2_,ayounger

sibling._3_,thereJsanothersortofparentthat,sabiteasier

to_4_:apatientparent.Childrenofeveryagebenefitfrom

patientparenting.Still,_5_everyparentwouldliketobepatient,

thisisnoeasy_6_.Sometimesparentsgetexhaustedandfrustrated

andareunabletomaintaina_7_andcomposedstylewiththeirkids.

Iunderstandthis.You'reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan

_8_youjustalittletoofar.Andthenthe_9_happens:Youlose

yourpatienceandeitherscreamatyourkidsorsaysomethingthat

wasabittoo_10_anddoesnobodyanygood.Youwishthatyou

could_11_theclockandstartover.We'veallbeenthere._12_,

eventhoughit'scommon,it'simportanttokeepinmindthatina

singlemomentoffatigue,youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthat

youmay_13_foralongtime.Thismaynotonlydodamagetoyour

relationshipwithyourchildbutalso_14_yourchild,sself-

esteem.Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour_15_withyourkids,then

youareinadvertentlymodelingalackofemotionalcontrolforyour

kids.Weareallbecomingincreasinglyawareofthe_16_of

modelingtoleranceandpatiencefortheyoungergeneration.Thisisa

skillthatwillhelpthemallthroughoutlife.Infact,theability

toemotionallyregulateormaintainemotionalcontrolwhen_17_by

stressisoneofthemostimportantofalllife'sskills.Certainly,

it'sincredibly_18_tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyour

children.Amorepracticalgoalistotry,tothebestofyour

ability,tobeastolerantandcomposedasyoucanwhenfacedwith

_19_situationsinvolvingyourchildren.Icanpromiseyouthis:As

aresultofworkingtowardthisgoal,youandyourchildrenwill

benefitand_20_fromstressfulmomentsfeelingbetterphysically

andemotionally.

1.AtediousBpleasantCinstructive

Dtricky

2.AinadditionBforexampleCatonce

Dbyaccident

3.AfortunatelyBoccasionallyCaccordingly

Deventually

4.AamuseBassistCdescribe

Dtrain

5.AwhileBbecauseCunless

Donce

6.AanswerBtaskCchoice

Daccess

7.AtolerantBformalCrigid

Dcritical

8.AmoveBdragCpush

Dsend

9.AmysteriousBillogicalCsuspiciousDinevitable

10.AboringBnaiveCharshDvague

11.AturnbackBtakeapartCsetasideDcoverup

12.AoverallBinsteadChoweverDotherwise

13.AlikeBmissCbelieveDregret

14.AraiseBaffectCjustifyDreflect

15.AtimeBbondCraceDcool

16.AnatureBsecretCimportanceDcontext

17.AcheatedBdefeatedCconfusedDconfronted

18.AterribleBhardCstrangeDwrong

19.AtryingBchangingCexcitingDsurprising

20.AhideBemergeCwithdrawDescape

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocialsignalsfromothersso

thatcanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthis

extendstonon-livingbeings,LolehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,

andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsformroboticrats.

Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat-onesocialandoneasocial

一for5ourdays.Therobotsratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkier

versionofacomputermousewithwheels-tomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings.

Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,played

withthesametoys,andopenedcageddoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,the

asocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetosideNext,the

researcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunitytorelease

thembypressingalever.Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmore

likelyonaveragetosetthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhat

theratsperceivedthesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing.Theymayhavebonded

morewiththesocialrobotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviourslikecommunalexploring

andplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,and

wantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,saysQuinn.The

readinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenitsminimal

design.Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledasimpleplastic

boxonwheels."We'dassumedwe*dhavetogiveitamovingheadandtail,facial

features,andputasceneonittomakeitsmelllikearealrat,butthatwasn't

necessary,“saysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,who

helpedwiththeresearch.Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialcues,

evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots.Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasif

theyarefellowbeings,evenwhentheydisplayonlysimplesocialsignals."We

humansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,vsays

Wiles.

21.Quinandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan

[A]pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats

[B]distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileone

[C]attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtraining

[D]sendoutwarningmessagestotheirfellow

22.Whatdidthesocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment

[A]Itfollowedthesocialrobot.

[B]Itplayedwithsometoys.

[C]Itsetthetrappedratsfree.

[D]Itmovedaroundalone.

23.AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobotbecausethey

[A]triedtopracticeameansofescape

[B]expectedittodothesameinreturn

[Clwantedtodisplaytheirintelligence

[D]consideredthataninterestinggame

24.JamesWilesnotesthatrats

[A]canrememberotherratsfacialfeatures

[B]differentiatesmellsbetterthansizes

[C]respondmoretocationsthantolooks

[D]canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels

25.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatrats

[A]appeartobeadaptabletonewsurroundings

[B]aremoresociallyactivethanotheranimals

[C]behavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializing

[D]aremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected

Text2

ItistruethatCEOpayhasgoneup-toponesmaymake300timesthepayof

typicalworkersonaverage,andsincethemid-1970sCEOpayforlargepublicly

tradedAmericancorporationshas,byvaryingestimates,goneupbyabout500%The

typicalCEOofatopAmericancorporationnowmakesaboutSI8.9millionayear.

ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpayisthatoflimitedCEO

talentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.

TheeffortsofAmerica'shighest-earning1%havebeenoneofthemoredynamic

elementsoftheglobaleconomy.Itfsnotpopulartosay,butonereasontheirpayhas

goneupsomuchisthatCEOsreallyhaveuppedtheirgamerelativetomanyother

workersintheU.S.economy.TodayfsCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,must

havemanymereskillsthansimplybeingableto“runthecompany"CEOsmusthave

agoodsenseoffinancialmarketsandmaybeevenhowthecompanyshouldtradein

them.Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthecosts

ofevenaminorslipupcanbesignificant.Thenthere*sthefactthatlargeAmerican

companiesaremuchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspread

acrossalargernumberofcountries.Toleadinthatsystemrequiresknowledgethatis

farlymind-bogglingplus,virtuallyallmajorAmericancompaniesarebeyondthis

majorCEOsstillhavetodoalltheday-to-dayworktheyhavealwaysdone.The

commonideathathighCEOpayismainlyaboutrippingpeopleoffdoesn'texplain

historyverywell.Bymostmeasures,corporategovemmancehasbecomealottighter

andmorerigoroussincethe1970s.Yetitisprincipallyduringthisperiodofstronger

govemnancethatCEOpayhasbeenhighandrising.Thatsuggestsitisinthebroader

corporateinteresttorecruittopcandidatesforincreasinglytoughjobs."Furthermore,

thehighestCEOsalariesarepaidtooutsidecandidates,nottothecozyinsiderpicks,

anothersignthathighCEOpayisnotsomekindofdepredationattheexpenseofthe

restofthecompany.AndthestockmarketreactspositivelywhencompaniestieCEO

payto,say,stockprices,asignthatthosepracticesbuildupcorporatevaluenotjust

fortheCEO.

26.WhichofthefollowinghascontributedtoCEOpayrise

[A]Thegrowthinthenumberofcorporations

[B]Thegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomy

[C]Increasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirms

[D]Closecooperationamongleadingeconomies

27.Comparedwiththeirpredecessors,today'sCEOsarerequiredto

[A]fosterastrongersenseofteamwork

[B]financemoreresearchanddevelopment

[C]establishclosertieswithtechcompanies

[D]operatemoreglobalizedcompanies

28.CEOpayhasbeenrisingsincethe1970sdespite

[A]continualinternalopposition

[B]strictcorporategovernance

[C]conservativebusinessstrategies

[D]Repeatedgovernmentwarnings

29.HighCEOpaycanbejustifiedbythefactthatithelps

[A]confirmthestatusofCEOs

[B]motivateinsidecandidates

[C]boosttheefficiencyofCEOs

[D]increasecorporatevalue

30.Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe

[A]CEOsAreNotOverpaid

[B]CEOPay:PastandPresent

[C]CEOs*challengesofToday

[D]CEOTraits:NotEasytoDefine

Text3

MadridwashailedasapublichealthbeaconlastNovemberwhenitrolledout

ambitiousrestrictionsonthemostpollutingcars.Sevenmonthsandoneelectionday

later,anewconservativecitycouncilsuspendedenforcementofthecleanairzone,a

firststeptowarditspossibledemise.MayorJoseLuisMartinez-Almeidamade

oppositiontothezoneacentrepieceofhiselectioncampaign,despiteitssuccessin

improvingairquality.Ajudgehasnowoverruledthecity'sdecisiontostoplevying

fines,orderingthemreinstated.Butwithlegalbattlesahead,thezone'sfuturelooks

uncertainatbest.Amongotherweaknesses,themeasurescitiesmustemploywhen

lefttotackledirtyairontheirownarepoliticallycontentious,andtherefore

vulnerable.Thatsbecausetheyinevitablyputthecostsofcleaningtheaironto

individualdrivers一whomustpayfeesorbuybettervehicles一ratherthanontothe

carmanufacturerswhosecheatingistherealcauseofourtoxicpollution.Itsnothard

toimagineasimilarreversalhappeninginLondon.Thenewultra-lowemissionzone

(Ulez)islikelytobeabigissueinnextyear'smayoralelection.AndifSadiqKhan

winsandextendsittotheNorthandSouthCircularroadsin2023asheintends,itis

suretosparkintenseoppositionfromthefarlargernumberofmotoristswhowillthen

beaffected.It'snotthatmeasuressuchasLondon*sUlezareuseless.Farfromit.

Localofficialsareusingtheleversthatareavailabletothemtosafeguardresidents*

healthinthefaceofaseriousthreat.Thezonesdodeliversomeimprovementstoair

quality,andthesciencetellsusthatmeansrealhealthbenefits-fewerheartattacks,

strokesandprematurebirths,lesscancer,dementiaandasthma.Feweruntimely

deaths.Butmayorsandcouncillorscanonlydosomuchaboutaproblemthatisfar

biggerthananyonecityortown.Theyareactingbecausenationalgovernments一

BritainsandothersacrossEurope-havefailedtodoso.Restrictionsthatkeephighly

pollutingcarsoutofcertainareas-citycentres,。schoolstreets*1,evenindividual

roads-arearesponsetotheabsenceofalargerefforttoproperlyenforceexisting

regulationsandrequireautocompaniestobringtheirvehiclesintocompliance.Wales

hasintroducedspeciallowspeedlimitstominimisepollution.Weredoingeverything

butinsistthatmanufacturerscleanuptheircars.

31.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMadrid'scleanairzone

[A]Itseffectsarequestionable

[B]Ithasbeenopposedbyajudge

[C]Itneedstougherenforcement

[D]Itsfateisyettobedecided

32.Whichisconsideredaweaknessofthecity-levelmeasurestotackledirtyair

[A]Theyarebiasedagainstcarmanufacturers.

[B]Theyproveimpracticalforcitycouncils.

[C]Theyaredeemedtoomildforpoliticians.

[D]Theyputtoomuchburdenonindividualmotorists.

33.TheauthorbelievesthattheextensionofLondon'sUlezwill.

[A]arousestrongresistance.

[B]ensureKhan'selectoralsuccess.

[C]improvethecitystraffic.

[D]discouragecarmanufacturing.

34.Whodoestheauthorthinkshouldhaveaddressedtheproblem

[A]Localresidents

[B]Mayors.

[C]Councilors.

[D]Nationalgovernments.

35.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatautocompanies.

[A]willraiselow-emissioncarproduction

[B]shouldbeforcedtofollowregulations

[C]willupgradethedesignoftheirvehicles

[D]shouldbeputunderpublicsupervision

Text4

NowthatmembersofGenerationZaregraduatingcollegethisspringthemost

commonly-accepteddefinitionsaysthisgenerationwasbomafter1995,giveortakea

year-theattentionhasbeenrisingsteadilyinrecentweeks.GenZsareabouttohitthe

streetslookingfbrworkinalabormarketthat'stighterthanit'sbeenindecades.And

employersareplanningonhiringabout17percentmorenewgraduatesforjobsinthe

U.S.thisyearthanlast,accordingtoasurveyconductedbytheNationalAssociation

ofCollegesandEmployers.Everybodywantstoknowhowthepeoplewhowillsoon

inhabitthoseemptyofficecubicleswilldifferfromthosewhocamebeforethem.

If,entitlednisthemostcommonadjective,fairlyornot,appliedtomillennials(those

bombetween1981and1995),thecatchwordsforGenerationZarepracticaland

cautious.Accordingtothecareercounselorsandexpertwhostudythem,Generation

Zsareclear-eyed,economicpragmatists.Despitegraduatingintothebesteconomyin

thepast50years,GenZsknowwhataneconomictrainwrecklookslike.Theywere

impressionablekidsduringthecrashof2023,whenmanyoftheirparentslosttheir

jobsortheirlifesavingsorboth.Theyaren/tinterestedintakinganychances.The

boomingeconomyseemstohavedonelittletoassuagethisunderlyinggenerational

senseofanxiousurgency,especiallyforthosewhohavecollegedebt.Collegeloan

balancesintheU.S.nowstandatarecord$1.5trillion,accordingtotheFederal

Reserve.OnesurveyfromAccenturefoundthat88percentofgraduatingseniorsthis

yearchosetheirmajorwithajobinmind.Ina2023surveyofUniversityofGeorgia

students,meanwhile,thecareerofficefoundthemostdesirabletraitinafuture

employerwastheabilitytooffersecureemployment(followedbyprofessional

developmentandtraining,andtheninspiringpurpose).Jobsecurityorstabilitywas

thesecondmostimportantcareergoal(work-lifebalancewasnumberone),followed

byasenseofbeingdedicatedtoacauseortofeelgoodaboutservingthegreatgood.

36.GenerationZsgraduatingcollegethisspring.

[A]arerecognizedfortheirabilities

[B]areinfavorofjoboffers

[C]areoptimisticaboutthelabormarket

[D]aredrawinggrowingpublicattention

37.GenerationZsarekeenlyaware.

[A]whatatougheconomicsituationislike

[B]whattheirparentsexpectofthem

[C]howtheydifferfrompastgenerations

[D]Ihowvaluableacounselorsadviceis

38.Thewordnassuagen(line9,para2)isclosetinmeaningto.

[A]Define[BJrelieve[C]maintain[D]deepen

39.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatGenerationZs.

[A]carelittleabouttheirjobperformance

[B]givetopprioritytoprofessionaltraining

[C]thinkithardtoachievework-Lifebalance

[D]haveaclearideaabouttheirfuturejob

40Michelsenthinksthatcomparedwithmillennials,GenerationZsare.

[A]lessrealistic[B]lessadventurous[C]morediligent[D]moregenerous

PartB

Directions:Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemost

suitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraphs(41-45).There

aretwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyouranswersonthe

ANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Givecompliments,justnottoomany.

[B]Putonagoodface,always.

[C]Tailoryourinteractions.

[D]Spendtimewitheveryone.

[E]Reveal,don*thide,information.

[F]Slowdownandlisten.

[G]Putyourselvesinothers*shoes.

FiveWaystoWinOverEveryoneintheOfficeIsitpossibletolikeeveryonein

yourofficeThinkabouthowtoughitistogettogether15people,muchless50,who

allgetalongperfectly.Butunlikeinfriendships,youneedcoworkers.Youworkwith

themeverydayandyoudependonthemjustastheydependonyou.Herearesome

waysthatyoucangetthewholeofficeonyourside

41.Ifyouhaveabonetopickwithsomeoneinyourworkplace,youmaytry

staytight-lippedaroundthem.Butyouwon'tbehelpingeitheroneofyou.AHarvard

BusinessSchoolstudyfoundthatobserversconsistentlyratedthosewhowerefrank

aboutthemselvesmorehighly,whilethosewhohidlosttrustworthiness.Thelessonis

notthatyoushouldmakeyourpersonallifeanopenbook,butrather,whengiventhe

optiontoofferupdetailsaboutyourselforpainstakinglyconcealthem,youshould

justbehonest.

42.Justasimportantasbeinghonestaboutyourselfisbeingreceptivetoothers.

Weoftenfeeltheneedtotellothershowwefeel,whetherit*saconcernabouta

project,astraythought,oracompliment.Thoseareallvalid,butyouneedtotake

timetohearoutyourcoworkers,too.Infact,rushingtogetyourownideasoutthere

cancausecolleaguestofeelyoudon*tvaluetheiropinions.Doyourbesttoengage

coworkersinagenuine,back-and-fbrthconversation,ratherthanprioritizingyour

ownthoughts.

43.It*scommontohavea“cubiclemate"orspecialconfidantinaworksetting.

Butinadditiontothosetrustedcoworkers,youshouldexpandyourhorizonsandfind

outaboutallthepeoplearoundyou.Useyourlunchandcoffeebreakstomeetupwith

colleaguesyoudon'talwayssee.Findoutabouttheirlivesandinterestsbeyondthe

job.Itrequiresminimaleffortandgoesalongway.ThiswillhelptogTowyour

internalnetwork,inadditiontobeinganicebreakintheworkday.

44.Positivefeedbackisimportantforanyonetohear.Andyoudon'thavetobe

someone'sbosstotellthemtheydidanexceptionaljobonaparticularproject.This

willhelpengendergoodwillinothers.Butdon*toverdoitorbefakeaboutit.One

studyfoundthatpeoplerespondedbesttocommentsthatshiftedfromnegativeto

positive,possiblybecauseitsuggestedtheyhadwonsomebodyover.

45.Thisonemaybeabitmoredifficulttopulloff,butitcangoalongwayto

achievingresults.Rememberindealingwithanycoworkerwhattheyappreciatefrom

aninteraction.Watchoutforhowtheyverbalizewithothers.Somepeoplelikes