高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法分專題全面復(fù)習(xí)第十五講 名詞講解與練習(xí)

名詞在高考中，語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)重點(diǎn)考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞、名詞與其他詞類的詞性轉(zhuǎn)化、主謂一致等。名詞的考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)一可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則：此處略去500字考點(diǎn)二不可數(shù)名詞（一）一般說(shuō)來(lái)，抽象名詞為不可數(shù)名詞eg:advice,knowledge,information,love,time,work(工作),luck,help,success,courage,progress,freedom,luggage,housework,homework,fun,weather,anger等（二）物質(zhì)名詞通常為不可數(shù)名詞eg:water,air,tea,coffee,oil,soup,milk,rain,meat,hair,sugar抽象名詞具體化后，有單復(fù)數(shù)的變化具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、特點(diǎn)、情感、情緒的人或事，具體指特定的某一件事時(shí)，這一抽象名詞可作為可數(shù)名詞。(1)difficulty困難；adifficulty一件難事(2)failure失敗；afailure一位失敗者，一件失敗的事(3)knowledge知識(shí)；agoodknowledgeof豐富的知識(shí)(4)success成功；asuccess一位成功者，一件成功的事(5)surprise驚奇；asurprise一件令人吃驚的事(6)honour榮譽(yù)；anhonour一位(件)帶來(lái)榮譽(yù)的人或事溫馨提示：可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞工作jobworklife生命（性命）生活（常作[U]）建議suggestionadviceexercise練習(xí)，眼操運(yùn)動(dòng)采取措施takemeasurestakeactionexperience經(jīng)歷經(jīng)驗(yàn)考點(diǎn)三名詞與其他詞類的詞形變化名詞后綴意義例詞-age抽象名詞后綴，表示行為、狀態(tài)、結(jié)果或總稱use—usage用途short—shortage缺乏marry—marriage婚姻pack—package包裹-ance，-ence抽象名詞后綴，表示性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、行為、過(guò)程accept-acceptance接受perform—performance表演exist—existence存在occur—occurrence發(fā)生differ—difference不同-ancy，-ency抽象名詞后綴，表示性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)expect—expectancy期待end—tendency趨勢(shì)，趨向emergent—emergency緊急情況fluent—fluency流利；流暢-dom表示狀況或狀態(tài)free—freedom自由wise—wisdom智慧-er，-or表示“······人，······者”receive—receiver接受者，聽(tīng)筒carry—carrier攜帶者begin—beginner初學(xué)者direct—director主任operate—operator操作者-ian構(gòu)成人稱名詞，表示“精通······的人”technique—technician技術(shù)員,magic-magician魔術(shù)師-ness構(gòu)成抽象名詞happy-happiness,lazy-laziness,tired-tiredness-ication由動(dòng)詞變化而來(lái)的抽象名詞，常義為“······化”classify—classification分類communicate—communication交流-ics表示“······學(xué)科”economic—economics經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)-ion,-ation,-ition由動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的名詞，表示行為的過(guò)程、結(jié)果、狀況，意為“······行為；

······狀態(tài)”produce—production生產(chǎn)solute—solution解決方法organize—organization組織；機(jī)構(gòu)construct—construction建設(shè)describe—description描述direct—direction方向hesitate—hesitation猶豫compete—competition競(jìng)爭(zhēng)-ist構(gòu)成人稱名詞，表示“從事······研究者；信仰······主義者”special—specialist專家piano—pianist鋼琴家-ity/ty抽象名詞后綴，表示性質(zhì)responsible—responsibility責(zé)任similar—similarity相似考點(diǎn)四名詞所有格名詞所有格表示所屬關(guān)系，表“...的”（一）’s所有格(單數(shù)名詞和不以-s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞加’s，以-s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞加’)1.表有生命名詞的所有格eg:theboy’sbooks,theboys’books,thechildren’sbooks2.表國(guó)家、機(jī)構(gòu)、時(shí)間、距離等無(wú)生命的名詞eg:today’snewspaper,theworld’spopulation,fiveminutes’walk3.表某人的家或店鋪eg:WewenttoLucy’sfordinner.（二）of所有格表無(wú)生命名詞的所有格eg:thecoverofthebook,theendoftheroad（三）雙重所有格雙重所有格的名詞通常是有生命的eg:afriendofmybrother’s,afriendofmine【注】帶詞尾-s的單數(shù)名詞，通常仍加-’s：theboss’splan老板的計(jì)劃thehostess’sworry女主人的擔(dān)心帶詞尾-s的人名，可加’s或只加省字撇(’)：Dickens’novels狄更斯的小說(shuō)Charles’sjob查理斯的工作考點(diǎn)五名詞與主謂一致注意：集體名詞(若視為整體，表示單數(shù)意義；若強(qiáng)調(diào)其個(gè)體成員，表示復(fù)數(shù)意義。)family(家庭;家人),team(隊(duì);隊(duì)員),class(班;班級(jí)學(xué)生),audience(聽(tīng)眾)復(fù)數(shù)形式單數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)physics,politics,news單數(shù)形式復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)people;police;public只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)goods(貨物),clothes(衣服)，trousers,glasses,scissors(剪刀)集訓(xùn)：1.Hisfamily(be)well-knowninthetowninthepast.2.Hisfamily(be)waitingforhimnow.3.There(be)manypeopleatyesterday’smeeting.4.Where(be)myglasses？/5.Nonews(be)goodnews.6Thismeans(work).Thesemeansall(work).7.Thepolice(search)forthesuspectthesedays./8.Theseclothes(wash)well.集訓(xùn)：1--6wasarewereareisworkworksaresearchingwashⅠ.單句語(yǔ)法填空Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseof(achieve)2.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthe(develop)ofchopsticks.3.In

addition

to

their

simple

beauty,what

makes

the

adobe

dwellings(土坯房）admirable

is

their(able)

to

“air

condition”a

house

without

usingelectric

equipment.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,theotheriswithmum-sheneversuspects.5.Anysmellmightattractnatural______(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda.6.Itisimportanttorememberthatsuccess（be）asumofsmalleffortsmadeeachday.單句改錯(cuò)（2014年全國(guó)卷1）Thecherrytomatoes(圣女果)aresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.(2016全國(guó)卷1)Therestaurant

is

always

crowded

with

customers

at

meal

times.(2016全國(guó)卷)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenourviewandgainknowledgeswecannotgetfrombooks.(2016全國(guó)卷3)Theteenageyearfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.5.(2015全國(guó)卷2)Oneday,littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisbothparent....heturnedaroundandfoundthathisparentsweremissing.6.(2011全國(guó)卷)WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriendhelentmelotsofclothes.=2\*ROMANII鞏固練習(xí)：一、單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires，Asia’sbiggestbuilding，andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme，pandasareitstop________(attract).2.(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Recent________(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.3.(2016·淄博高三二模)Helostallhis________(key)tothedoors，sohehadtogetthemopenedbyforce.4.(2016·滕州5月模擬)Forseveralweeks，Mrs.Edwardshopedtobeoneofthelucky________(housewife)likemanyofherfriends.5.(2016·太原模擬)Thelittleboyatesomany________(potato)andsomuchmeatthathethrewupatdawn.6.(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)I’dskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverthatarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese________(painting).7.(2015·江蘇卷)Someschoolswillhavetomake________(adjust)inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.8.(2015·江蘇卷)—GoandsaysorrytoyourMom，Dave. —I’dliketo，butI’mafraidshewon’tbehappywithmy________(apologize).9.(2015·浙江卷)Oneofthemosteffectivewaystoreduce________(stressful)istotalkaboutfeelingswithsomeoneyoutrust.10.(2014·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation，formostofusthe________(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork，likecleaningupapollutedriver.11.(2014·遼寧卷)Unbelievable！Oh...，ifyoudon’tmind，I’llstopandtakeadeep________(breathe).12.Therearetwenty-three________(man)teachersinourschool.13.[2014·湖南高考]Allweneed________(be)asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.14.However,hisresignationwillneverstop___(teenagers)dreams.15.[2015·安徽合肥質(zhì)檢二]Sofar,almosteverypossiblemeans_________(try)toprovideaccommodationandmedicalrescueforthepeopleinthefloodstrikenarea.二、單句改錯(cuò)（每句一處錯(cuò)誤）1.(2016浙江卷)WhenIwasaveryyoungchildren,myfathercreatedaregularpracticeIrememberwellyearslater.2．(2016全國(guó)卷1)Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessishonest.3.(2016山西二模)Wewereallmovedtotear.4.(2016成都二診)What’sworse,thedriver’sinformationsmightbeunreliable.5.(2016湖北聯(lián)考)Attheendof2002,therewere20millionsmobilephoneusers.6.(2016河南期中)Weshouldlearntotakeothers’advicesanddotherightthings.7.(2014全國(guó)卷2)Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.8.(2013全國(guó)卷2)Thismadeforthegrowintheporcelain(瓷器)industry.9.(2016天水一中)Buttheproblemisthattherearenotenoughsportsfacilitiestomeetthepublicgrowingdemand.10..(2015全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.11.(2016湖北六校聯(lián)考)Theyhopemanysuchactivitycanbeheldinthefuture.12.(2014遼寧高考)Finally,therewereasuddenpullatthepoleandafishwascaught.13.(2007全國(guó)卷)IfirstmetLiMengatafriendbirthdaypartyfiveyearsago.14.（2016四川高考）Momhasafull-timejob,butshehastodomostofthehouseworks.15.(2016湖北聯(lián)考)Yesterday,oneofmyfavoritestampwaslost,whichmademereallyupset.16.(2016廣州一模)Butsoon,shecamebackwithabottleofpill.三、語(yǔ)篇填空：Robotsusedforhouseworkweretestedoutinsome1.(family).Tony，oneofthe2.(robot)，lookedlikeatallandhandsomemanwithsmoothblackhair，speakinginadeepvoice.Larrywasgoingtobeawayfromhome.Also，3.(curious)drovehimtohaveatryonsuchanewthing.SohehiredarobottoaccompanyhiswifeClaire.Clairedidn’tliketheideaatthebeginning，butsheagreedtoitatlast.AtthefirstsightofTony，Clairefeltembarrassed.Gradually，Tonybegantowinthe4.(hostess)trust.HehelpedClairerealizeherdreamsbymakingherhomeelegant，givingheranewhaircut，changingthemake-upsheworeandgivingher5.(advise)onher6.(person)dresses.Ther