必修第二冊(cè)　Unit 4　History and Traditions-2025英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義人教版

Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——會(huì)意1．Confuciusn．孔子2．mansionn．公館；宅第3．cemeteryn．墓地；公墓4．philosophyn．哲學(xué)5．descendantn．后裔；后代；子孫6．heeln．足跟；(腳、襪子、鞋等的)后跟7．Achilles’heel(喻)(希臘神話)阿喀琉斯的腳跟，致命的弱點(diǎn)8．kingdomn．王國(guó)；領(lǐng)域9．currencyn．通貨；貨幣10．militaryadj.軍事的；軍用的11．landscapen．(陸上，尤指鄉(xiāng)村的)風(fēng)景12．a(chǎn)ncestorn．祖宗；祖先13．courtyardn．庭院；院子14．countyn．(英國(guó)、愛(ài)爾蘭的)郡；(美國(guó)的)縣15．feastn．盛宴；宴會(huì)；節(jié)日16．cattlen．牛17．scentn．氣味；氣息18．stewn．燉菜(有肉和蔬菜)vt.&vi.燉；煨19．sensoryadj.感覺(jué)的；感官的20．transitionn．過(guò)渡；轉(zhuǎn)變；變遷Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞——記形1．individualadj.單獨(dú)的；個(gè)別的n．個(gè)人2．chiefadj.最重要的；最高級(jí)別的n．(公司或機(jī)構(gòu)的)首領(lǐng)；酋長(zhǎng)3．nearbyadj.附近的；鄰近的adv.在附近4．conquervt.占領(lǐng)；征服；控制5．battlen．戰(zhàn)役；搏斗vi.&vt.搏斗；奮斗6．portn．港口(城市)7．chargen．收費(fèi)；指控；主管vt.收費(fèi)；控告；充電8．a(chǎn)mountn．金額；數(shù)量9．galleryn．(藝術(shù)作品的)展覽館；畫(huà)廊10．a(chǎn)pproachn．方法；途徑；接近vt.接近；接洽；著手處理vi.靠近11．ensurevt.保證；確保；擔(dān)保12．buttern．黃油；奶油vt.涂黃油于13．honeyn．蜂蜜14．positionn．位置；姿態(tài)；職位15．snackn．點(diǎn)心；小吃16．rollvi.&vt.(使)翻滾；(使)滾動(dòng)n．卷(軸)；翻滾17．dotn．點(diǎn)；小(圓)點(diǎn)vt.加點(diǎn)；遍布18．roarvi.&n．吼叫；咆哮19．oceann．大海；海洋20．pubn．酒吧；酒館21．winen．葡萄酒；果酒22．beern．(一杯)啤酒Ⅲ.拓展單詞——悉變1．puzzlen．謎；智力游戲；疑問(wèn)vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzlingadj.令人困惑的→puzzledadj.感到困惑的2．belongvi.應(yīng)在(某處)；適應(yīng)→belongingn．[U]歸屬；[pl.]動(dòng)產(chǎn)，財(cái)物3．defencen．防御；保衛(wèi)→defendv．防御；保衛(wèi)→defensiveadj.防御的；保護(hù)的4．legaladj.法律的；合法的→illegaladj.不合法的→legallyadv.法律上地5．surroundvt.圍繞；包圍→surroundingadj.周?chē)模桓浇摹鷖urroundingsn．環(huán)境6．evidencen．證據(jù)；證明→evidentadj.明顯的7．a(chǎn)chievementn．成就；成績(jī)；達(dá)到→achievevt.達(dá)到；實(shí)現(xiàn)8．locationn．地方；地點(diǎn)；位置→locatevt.確定……的準(zhǔn)確地點(diǎn)；找出……的位置→locatedadj.坐落于；位于9．fascinatingadj.極有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinatev．使……入迷，迷住→fascinatedadj.著迷的10．a(chǎn)nnouncevt.宣布；通知；聲稱(chēng)→announcementn．宣布；通知→announcern．廣播員；解說(shuō)員11．generousadj.慷慨的；大方的；豐富的→generosityn．慷慨；大方12．eageradj.熱切的；渴望的→eagerlyadv.熱心地；急切地→eagernessn．熱切；渴望13．poetn．詩(shī)人→poemn．詩(shī)歌→poetryn．詩(shī)歌(總稱(chēng))14．greetvt.問(wèn)候；迎接→greetingn．問(wèn)候；致意15．customn．風(fēng)俗；習(xí)俗；習(xí)慣→customern．顧客→customsn．海關(guān)16．strikingadj.引人注目的；顯著的→strikevt.打擊；攻擊；打動(dòng)n．罷工17．crowdn．人群；一群人；民眾vt.擠滿；使……擁擠→crowdedadj.擁擠的1．a(chǎn)uthentic/??'θentIk/adj.真正的；真實(shí)的2．comb/k??m/vt.梳(頭發(fā))；梳理n．梳子；篦子；梳理(頭發(fā))3．sternly/'st??nli/adv.嚴(yán)厲地；苛刻地→stern/st??n/adj.嚴(yán)厲的；苛刻的；嚴(yán)峻的4．opt/?pt/vi.&vt.選擇；挑選5．boast/b??st/vi.&vt.自夸；自吹自擂n．夸耀；夸口6．lick/lIk/vt.舔；舔著喝(吃)7．disgusting/dIs'ɡ?stI?/adj.令人厭惡的；極糟的8．terrified/'terIfaId/adj.恐懼的；非常害怕的→terrify/'terIfaI/vt.使恐懼；使驚嚇9．glance/ɡlɑ?ns；NAmEɡl?ns/vi.瞥一眼；掃視；瀏覽n．一瞥；掃視10．triumph/'traI?mf/n．勝利；重大成功Ⅳ.背核心短語(yǔ)1．join...to...把……和……連接或聯(lián)結(jié)起來(lái)2．breakaway(fromsb/sth)脫離；背叛；逃脫3．belongto屬于4．a(chǎn)swellas同(一樣也)；和；還5．keepyoureyesopen(for)留心；留意6．a(chǎn)dd...to...把……添加到……中7．referto談到；查閱；指的是8．takeover接收；接管9．leavebehind把……拋在后面；留下；遺留10．haveagreatinfluenceon對(duì)……有極大影響Ⅴ.悟經(jīng)典句式1．TheUnitedKingdom，GreatBritain，Britain，England—manypeopleareconfusedbywhatthesedifferentnamesmean.(what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句)聯(lián)合王國(guó)、大不列顛、英國(guó)、英格蘭——很多人對(duì)這些不同名稱(chēng)的含義感到困惑。2．Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem，ifany？(if的省略結(jié)構(gòu))如果有的話，那么它們之間的區(qū)別是什么呢？3．Theyusethesameflag，knownastheUnionJack，aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ))像擁有同樣的貨幣和國(guó)防一樣，他們也使用同一面國(guó)旗。4．TheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland，andmadechangestothelegalsystem.(havesthdone)他們?cè)谟⒏裉m各地建造城堡，并對(duì)法律體系進(jìn)行改革。5．Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen，youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.(if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句)如果你留心去觀察，英國(guó)的過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在都將展示在你的面前，令你嘆為觀止。6．Thepeacefullandscapeofthe“EmeraldIsle”anditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes，withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.(with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))“綠寶石(愛(ài)爾蘭)島”風(fēng)光寧?kù)o秀美，郡縣草木蔥蘢，青山連綿起伏，牛羊點(diǎn)綴其中，堪稱(chēng)一場(chǎng)名副其實(shí)的視覺(jué)盛宴。7．Withallthisbeauty，itisnotsurprisingthatIrelandhasdevelopedstrongtraditionsthatincludemusic，dancing，anddining.(Itis＋adj.＋that...)鄉(xiāng)村景色如此優(yōu)美，在愛(ài)爾蘭形成這些濃厚的傳統(tǒng)包括音樂(lè)、舞蹈以及餐飲就一點(diǎn)也不讓人覺(jué)得奇怪了。Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(每小題1分，共10分)1．mansionn．公館；宅第2．philosophyn．哲學(xué)3．descendantn．后裔；后代；子孫4．heeln．足跟；(腳、襪子、鞋等的)后跟5．currencyn．通貨；貨幣6．militaryadj.軍事的；軍用的7．landscapen．(陸上，尤指鄉(xiāng)村的)風(fēng)景8．a(chǎn)ncestorn．祖宗；祖先9．sensoryadj.感覺(jué)的；感官的10．transitionn．過(guò)渡；轉(zhuǎn)變；變遷Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞(每小題1分，共10分)1．individualadj.單獨(dú)的；個(gè)別的n．個(gè)人2．chiefadj.最重要的；最高級(jí)別的n．(公司或機(jī)構(gòu)的)首領(lǐng)；酋長(zhǎng)3．conquervt.占領(lǐng)；征服；控制4．battlen．戰(zhàn)役；搏斗vi.&vt.搏斗；奮斗5．chargen．收費(fèi)；指控；主管vt.收費(fèi)；控告；充電6．a(chǎn)mountn．金額；數(shù)量7．galleryn．(藝術(shù)作品的)展覽館；畫(huà)廊8．a(chǎn)pproachn．方法；途徑；接近vt.接近；接洽；著手處理vi.靠近9．ensurevt.保證；確保；擔(dān)保10．roarvi.&n．吼叫；咆哮Ⅲ.拓展單詞(每小題2.5分，共15分)1．legaladj.法律的；合法的→illegaladj.不合法的→legallyadv.法律上地2．locationn．地方；地點(diǎn)；位置→locatevt.確定……的準(zhǔn)確地點(diǎn)；找出……的位置→locatedadj.坐落于；位于3．generousadj.慷慨的；大方的；豐富的→generosityn．慷慨；大方4．eageradj.熱切的；渴望的→eagerlyadv.熱心地；急切地→eagernessn．熱切；渴望5．greetvt.問(wèn)候；迎接→greetingn．問(wèn)候；致意6．customn．風(fēng)俗；習(xí)俗；習(xí)慣→customern．顧客→customsn．海關(guān)Ⅳ.拔高詞匯(每小題1分，共5分)1．a(chǎn)uthenticadj.真正的；真實(shí)的2．combvt.梳(頭發(fā))；梳理n．梳子；篦子；梳理(頭發(fā))3．boastvi.&vt.自夸；自吹自擂n．夸耀；夸口4．terrifiedadj.恐懼的；非常害怕的→terrifyvt.使恐懼；使驚嚇5．glancevi.瞥一眼；掃視；瀏覽n．一瞥；掃視Ⅴ.核心短語(yǔ)(每小題2分，共10分)1．join...to...把……和……連接或聯(lián)結(jié)起來(lái)2．belongto屬于3．a(chǎn)swellas同(一樣也)；和；還4．keepyoureyesopen(for)留心；留意5．haveagreatinfluenceon對(duì)……有極大影響Ⅰ.詞形變化填空(每小題2分，共20分)1．Thatwasreallyapuzzlingproblem；nowonderthearchitectlookedpuzzled.(puzzle)2．Wemusttakesomedefensivemeasurestodefendourcountryagainstinvasion.(defence)3．Surroundedbytreesandflowers，thesurroundingsofthecottagearequitebeautiful.(surround)4．Theannouncersoftlyannouncedtheresult，buttheannouncementmademeshocked.(announce)5．Itwasapparentthattheboywasfascinatedbyherfascinatingvoice.(fascinate)6．Ilovepoetry，especiallythepoemswrittenbythemostfamouspoet—LiBai.(poet)7．Themeetingroomisquitecrowded，withalotofpeoplecrowdinginit.(crowd)8．Itisevidentthatthemanwillbesentencedtoprisonwiththenewly-foundevidence.(evident)9．Althoughheliveshere，allthebelongingsinthehousedon’tbelongtohim.(belong)10．Thescientistfinallyachievedhisgoalandmadestrikingachievements.(achieve)Ⅱ.選詞填空(每小題3分，共15分)eq\x(breakawayfrom，add...to，referto，takeover，leavebehind)1．Thepresidentspokeatthebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhourwithoutreferringtohisnotes.2．Byopeninganovel，Icanleavebehindmyburdensandenterintoawonderfulworld.3．Hegrabbedher，butshesucceededinbreakingawayfromhim.4．Whatmadeusexcitedwasthatmybrotherhadtakenoverthejobasamanager.5．Asweallknow，rudewordsonlyaddfueltotheemotionalfire.Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句型仿寫(xiě)(每小題3分，共15分)1．我臉上火辣辣的，我為我對(duì)你所做的事情感到羞愧。(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之心理描寫(xiě))(what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句)Withmyfaceburning，IwasashamedofwhatIhaddonetoyou.2．歡迎任何對(duì)這部電影感興趣的人到位于第三教學(xué)樓第一層的學(xué)校演講大廳。(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ))Anyonewhoiskeenonthefilmiswelcometotheschool’slecturehalllocatedonthefirstfloorofthethirdteachingbuilding.3．他修房頂?shù)臅r(shí)候摔斷了腿，這讓大家很擔(dān)心他。(havesthdone)Hehadhislegbrokenwhilerestoringtheroof，whichmadeeveryoneworriedabouthim.4．由于他們?nèi)耘f氣喘吁吁、心跳飛快，他們相信剛剛所發(fā)生的事是真的。(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之緊張心理描寫(xiě))(with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))Astheyarestillbreathless，withtheirheartsbeatingwildly，theyareconvincedthatwhathappenedjustnowisreal.5．你昨天晚上熬夜到那么晚，今天發(fā)困不足為奇。(Itis＋adj.＋that...)Youstayedupsolatelastnight；itisnotsurprisingthatyoufeelsleepytoday.WhenstudyingintheUnitedKingdom，Iwasnolonger1.puzzled(puzzle)aboutwhenEnglandgotWales，ScotlandandIrelandjoinedtoitorwhenthesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromit.ThefourcountriesbelongingtotheUKusethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence,2.buttheyhavedifferentlegalsystems.IsawmuchevidencethatshowedtheRomans，theVikingsaswellastheNormansinvadedandconqueredtheGreatBritain,3.leaving(leave)behindtheirso-calledachievementsandinfluencingthenamesoflocationsandvocabulary.Thereweremanyfascinatingplaces，soIhadtokeepmyeyesopen.LaterItraveledtoIreland4.whereIfoundmyselffascinatedbythelandscape.ItwassuchafeastformyeyesthatIfeltasifIwereapproachingagalleryinwhichI5.wassurrounded(surround)withbeautifulpictures.EverydayIwasgreetedwiththerollingmountains6.dotted(dot)withsheepandcattle，theroaroftheoceanandthescentofflowers.Ioftenhadasipofwineorbeerinnearbypubswhichchargedonlyasmallamountofmoney7.fortheirservice.OnceItalkedabouttheircustomswith8.acrowdofIrishpeoplewhowereinterestedinourConfuciusphilosophy，poemscreatedbypoetsintheTangDynastyandourancestors’chief9.achievements(achieve)．Theyweregenerousandsharedwithmeasnackcookedwithbutterandhoneyandamouth-wateringstew.ThejourneyissostrikingthatI’meager10.togo(go)thereagain.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯surroundvt.包圍；圍繞(surroundingadj.周?chē)?；附近的surroundingsn．環(huán)境)surround...with...用……包圍……besurroundedby/with被……包圍(1)Surroundingyourselfwithpeoplewhowillprovideyouwithsupportcanbeverybeneficial.(2)您可以給我一些關(guān)于如何適應(yīng)陌生環(huán)境的有益的建議嗎？(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之求助信)Wouldyoupleaseoffermesomebeneficialadviceonhowtoadapttotheunfamiliarsurroundings?(3)綠樹(shù)掩映，這個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)坐落于我們學(xué)校附近的山腳下。一條小河曲曲折折穿行其中。(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ，書(shū)面表達(dá))Surroundedby/withgreentrees，thefarmislocatedatthefootofthehillnearourschool.Thereisasmallriverwindingthroughthefarm.chargevt.收費(fèi)；控告；充電；(向……)沖n．收費(fèi)；指控；主管·chargesbwith(doing)sth＝accusesbof(doing)sth指控某人犯……罪chargesbmoneyforsth因某事/物收某人錢(qián)chargeat向……發(fā)起沖鋒，撲向·freeofcharge＝forfree免費(fèi)inchargeof掌管(表狀態(tài))takechargeof掌管(表動(dòng)作)inthechargeof被……掌管；由……負(fù)責(zé)(1)Wehaveenoughevidenceandconfidencetochargeyouwithabuseofpower.(2)Thegenerousownerchargingmenothingforthenoodles，Ifeltawaveofwarmthandgratitudewellingupinmyheart.(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之情感描寫(xiě))(3)上周我們就市民是否可以免費(fèi)使用科學(xué)博物館展開(kāi)了熱烈的討論。(議論文寫(xiě)作)LastweekwehadaheateddebateaboutwhethercitizenscanaccesstheScienceMuseumfreeofcharge/forfree.(4)惡狼張開(kāi)血淋淋的嘴巴，跳起來(lái)?yè)湎蛭?，好像要把我一口吃掉似的?讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之情境描寫(xiě))Thefiercewolf，openingitsbloodymouth，sprangtoitsfeetandchargedatmeasiftoeatmeupinonegulp.(5)我將負(fù)責(zé)一個(gè)主題班會(huì)，旨在向外國(guó)人介紹中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化。(2021·全國(guó)甲，書(shū)面表達(dá))Iwillbeinchargeof/takechargeofathemeclassmeetingdesignedtointroducetraditionalChineseculturestoforeigners.announcevt.宣布；通知；聲稱(chēng)(announcementn．宣布；通知announcern．廣播員；解說(shuō)員)·announcesthtosb向某人宣布某事Itisannouncedthat...據(jù)宣布……asisannounced...正如宣布的那樣……·makeanannouncement(tosb)(向某人)發(fā)通知(1)Ourschool’sEnglishbroadcaststationislookingforanannouncer(announce)whoiscapableofspeakingfluentandauthenticEnglish.(2)Thehostannouncedtousthatapaintingexhibitionwouldbeheldinthecitygallerynextweekend.(3)Theauthorityannouncesthatanewrailwaystationwillbebuiltheretopromoteitstourism.＝Itisannouncedthatanewrailwaystationwillbebuiltheretopromoteitstourism.(4)大家請(qǐng)注意，在我們上課之前我要下個(gè)重要通知。Attention，please，Ihaveanimportantannouncementtomakebeforeourclassstarts.amountn．金額；數(shù)量v．總計(jì)，共計(jì)；相當(dāng)于，等于·theamountof...……的數(shù)量“大量/少量的”表達(dá)：alarge/smallamountof＋n.[U]＋v.(單數(shù))large/smallamountsof＋n.[U]＋v.(復(fù)數(shù))·amountto共計(jì)，總計(jì)；等于，相當(dāng)于(1)Yesterdaylargeamountsofhoneyandbutterwere(be)usedtomakethiskindofsnack.(2)為了保持健康，有規(guī)律的適量鍛煉是相當(dāng)必要的。(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之建議信)Inordertokeephealthy，aproperamountofregularexerciseisquitenecessary.(3)暑假期間我總共掙了300美元，這筆錢(qián)可以幫助養(yǎng)活我的家人。(2021·浙江6月，讀后續(xù)寫(xiě))ThemoneyIearnedduringthesummerholidayamountedto300dollars，whichcouldhelpsupportmyfamily.approachn．接近；方法；途徑vt.接近；接洽；著手處理vi.靠近·anapproachto(doing)sth(做某事的)方法/途徑attheapproachof...在快到……的時(shí)候·with...approaching在……快到的時(shí)候(1)WiththeSpringFestivalapproaching(approach)，wecouldhardlycontainourinnerexcitement.＝AttheapproachoftheSpringFestival，wecouldhardlycontainourinnerexcitement.(2)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的方法有多種，但我們最好找到最經(jīng)濟(jì)的那種。Therearemanyapproachestosolvingtheproblem，butwe’dbetterfindthemosteconomicalone.(3)那只小鳥(niǎo)正拍打著翅膀向我靠近。(2023·浙江1月，讀后續(xù)寫(xiě))Therewasthelittlebird，flappingherwingsandapproachingme.eageradj.渴望的；熱切的(eagerlyadv.熱心地；急切地eagernessn．熱切；渴望)·beeagertodosth渴望做某事beeagerforsth渴望得到某物·witheagerness＝eagerly熱切地；急切地hideone’seagerness掩飾某人的渴望(1)Learningthatyou’releavingfortheUnitedStatessoon，I’meagerly(eager)writingtoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetoyouforyourhelp.(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之感謝信)(2)每個(gè)人都渴望成功，但成功只屬于那些意志堅(jiān)定、堅(jiān)持不懈的人。(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之主旨升華)Everyoneiseagerforsuccess/tosucceed/besuccessful，butsuccessonlybelongstothosewhoaredeterminedandpersevering.(3)當(dāng)這個(gè)男孩被問(wèn)及是否想要一個(gè)生日禮物的時(shí)候，他無(wú)法掩飾他的渴望。(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之心理描寫(xiě))Whenaskedwhetherhewantedagiftforhisbirthday，theboycouldn’thidehiseagerness.belongto屬于；是……的成員；是……的組成部分{belongvi.應(yīng)在(某處)；適應(yīng)，合得來(lái)belongingn．[U]歸屬；[pl.]動(dòng)產(chǎn)，財(cái)物}asenseofbelonging歸屬感注意：belongto沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，用作非謂語(yǔ)時(shí)要使用doing形式，用法相同的短語(yǔ)還有datebackto(追溯到)，consistof(包括)，takeplace(發(fā)生)等。(1)Havingsoldmostofhisbelongings(belong)，thepoetalmosthadnothingleftinthehouse.(2)Wewereremindedtotakewhateverbelonging(belong)tousbeforegettingoffthetrain.(3)正是因?yàn)槟愕目犊畮椭液芸炀彤a(chǎn)生了歸屬感，適應(yīng)了新的環(huán)境。ItisbecauseofyourgenerousassistancethatIsoondevelopedasenseofbelongingandadaptedtothenewsurroundings.aswellas同(一樣也)；和；還·aswellas常用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)并列的成分，如名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞、介詞，通常不位于句首。作“也，還”解，連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與aswellas前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致(就遠(yuǎn)原則)?！び米鹘樵~時(shí)，aswellas相當(dāng)于besides，inadditionto，意思為“除……之外”，后面通常接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，尤其是位于句首時(shí)。(1)Yourwifeaswellasyouis(be)friendlyandgenerous，forwhichIamverygrateful.(2)Aswellaseating(eat)afive-coursemeal，theydranksevenbottlesofwine.(3)我們的班主任和五名學(xué)生代表被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)谧蛱斓某扇硕Y上發(fā)表演講。(2020·天津7月，書(shū)面表達(dá))Ourheadteacheraswellasfivestudentrepresentativeswasinvitedtodeliveraspeechatyesterday’scoming-of-ageceremony.if的省略結(jié)構(gòu)Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem，ifany？如果有的話，那么它們之間的區(qū)別是什么呢？ifany(如果有的話)是一個(gè)省略句，相當(dāng)于if(thereis/are)any...。ifnot如果不是這樣的話ifso如果是這樣的話ifever如果曾有的話ifnecessary如果有必要的話ifpossible如果可能的話(1)Ifitisnecessary，ourschoolwillprovidethestudentswiththelanguagetrainingcourses.＝Ifnecessary，ourschoolwillprovidethestudentswiththelanguagetrainingcourses.(2)如果有人要來(lái)的話，請(qǐng)讓我知道有多少，我好做準(zhǔn)備。Pleaseletmeknowhowmanypeoplearecoming，ifany，sothatIcanmakepreparations.(3)我想知道這個(gè)星期五晚上你是否方便到機(jī)場(chǎng)接我。如果是這樣的話，那就再好不過(guò)了。如果不方便，那就請(qǐng)?zhí)崆皫臀矣喴惠v出租車(chē)。Iamwonderingifit’sconvenientforyoutopickmeupattheairportthisFridaynight.Ifso，itcouldn’tbebetter.Ifnot，pleasehelpmebookataxiinadvance.with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)Thepeacefullandscapeofthe“EmeraldIsle”anditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes，withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.“綠寶石(愛(ài)爾蘭)島”風(fēng)光寧?kù)o秀美，郡縣草木蔥蘢，青山連綿起伏，牛羊點(diǎn)綴其中，堪稱(chēng)一場(chǎng)名副其實(shí)的視覺(jué)盛宴。with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，主要包括：·with＋賓語(yǔ)＋todo(表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作)·with＋賓語(yǔ)＋doing(表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行)·with＋賓語(yǔ)＋done(表示被動(dòng)或完成)·with＋賓語(yǔ)＋介詞短語(yǔ)/adj./adv.(1)Withthevictoryannounced(announce)，allpeoplepresentcheeredupwithgreatjoy.(2)Withsomanytrickyproblemstoapproach(approach)，thenewly-electedpresidentwillhaveatoughperiodtogothrough.(3)Tomthrewhimselfintohismother’sarmsandtearsofshameandembarrassmentwelledupinhiseyes.(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之羞愧心理描寫(xiě))①Tomthrewhimselfintohismother’sarms，withtearsofshameandembarrassmentwellingupinhiseyes.(用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)改寫(xiě))②Tomthrewhimselfintohismother’sarms，tearsofshameandembarrassmentwellingupinhiseyes.(用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)改寫(xiě))(4)Withthebrightmoonupinthesky，wesittogetherandeatmooncakesandfruits，sharingourstories.皓月當(dāng)空，我們圍坐在一起，吃著月餅和水果，分享我們的故事。提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯Ⅰ.一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙1．chargeA.n.費(fèi)用B.v.收費(fèi)；要價(jià)C.n.掌管；負(fù)責(zé)D.v.指控；控告E.v.充電F.v.向……沖G.v.使充滿(1)Myphoneishavingadeadbattery；pleasehelpmechargeit.E(2)Toourshock，theshymanshouldbechargedwithmurderinghiswife.D(3)Theynormallychargethreehundredpoundsbutwegotitforhalfprice.B(4)Thedogbarked，jumping—fourfeetintheair—mouthopenandchargingattheman.F(5)Onemomentitwasquietandcalmintheforest；thenext，theairwaschargedwithtension.G(6)Failuretoprovideenoughcheaperoneswillresultinanextrachargeof$50perabsentadult.(2022·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)A(7)PeoplewhodressupasRomansoldiersinchargeofphotoswon’tbeallowednearhottouristspots.(2022·全國(guó)乙)C2．a(chǎn)pproacheq\x(A.vt.&vi.靠近；臨近B.vt.與……商量C.vt.處理D.n.方法；途徑)(1)Thestudentsapproachtheirteacherforadvice.B(2)InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“l(fā)ow-impact”solardevelopment，whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.(2023·浙江1月)D(3)Notseeingorhearinganyfireenginesapproaching，Grantrushedtoasideentranceandranupthestairs.(2020·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)A(4)Humanqualitiesalsoinvolvehowyouthink，howyouapproachproblems，andhowyoubreakthemdown；andthattakesalotofalgorithmic(算法)design.(2021·天津第二次筆試)C3．快速閱讀下列句子并猜測(cè)句中加黑詞匯的漢語(yǔ)意思(1)IamwritingtoapplyforthepositionofChiefEditor.職位(2)Afterreadingthebook，youmustputitwhereitbelongs.應(yīng)在(某處)(3)PsychologistSusanLevine，anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago，foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.(2022·全國(guó)Ⅱ)智力游戲Ⅱ.核心知識(shí)強(qiáng)化練——鞏固語(yǔ)言知識(shí)1．Aprovinceattemptedtobreakawayfromthecountry，whichaccountedforwhythepresidentwasupset.2．Theidentitycarddoesn’tbelongtome，thoughthepicturelooksparticularlysimilartome.3．Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhandsasifindefence(defend)．(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之動(dòng)作描寫(xiě))4．Surrounded(surround)byfamiliarcolleagues，hefeltastrongsenseofbelonging.5．Brimmingoverwithgratitude(grateful)，Iwavedgoodbyetothefamilyandwatchedthetruckuntilitvanishedaroundaturn，feelingahintofwarmthinmyheart.(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之心理描寫(xiě))6．Theonlyapproachtosolving(solve)theproblemisdiscussingitattheconference.7．Iameagertokeep(keep)myselfupdatedwiththelatestnewsbysurfingtheInternet.8．Thesupermarketwascrowdedwithpeoplewhowantedtobuygoodsatadiscount.9．Itisannounced(announce)thattheblogpostedbythetrollcontainsmuchfalseinformation.10．Foronething，theoveralldevelopmentoverthepastdecadeshasbeensostriking(strike)thattheyfeeleagertofamiliarizethemselveswithwhatisgoingoninChina.(2020·江蘇，書(shū)面表達(dá))假定你是李華，你的美國(guó)朋友Alex來(lái)信說(shuō)將要在寒假期間去北京旅行一周，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下提示給他回信，向他推薦一個(gè)你最喜歡的地方，幫助他更好地旅行。內(nèi)容包括：1.推薦的景點(diǎn)；2．推薦理由以及需要注意的事項(xiàng)；3．表示真誠(chéng)期待與歡迎。完成句子1．得知你渴望在即將到來(lái)的寒假去北京旅游，我寫(xiě)信給你一些建議。(beeagertodo；現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))2．北京有許多著名的旅游景點(diǎn)，其中最重要的是故宮博物院。(“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)3．故宮博物院由內(nèi)城和外城圍成同心圓(concentriccircles)，自明代以來(lái)一直是北京的中心。(surround；過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ))4．隨著寒假的臨近，來(lái)北京的游客數(shù)量將急劇增加。(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)；approach)5．如果是這樣的話，你最好提前預(yù)訂機(jī)票和住宿。(if的省略結(jié)構(gòu))組句成篇把以上句子用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)和過(guò)渡句組成一篇80詞左右的短文。參考范文DearAlex，Iamgladtohearfromyou.LearningthatyouareeagertotraveltoBeijinginthecomingwintervacation，Iamwritingtogiveyousomerecommendations.TherearemanyfamoustouristattractionsinBeijing，amongwhichthemostsignificantoneisthePalaceMuseum，whichishometoemperorsaswellastheirfamiliesofeachdynasty.ThePalaceMuseum，surroundedinconcentriccirclesbytheInnerCityandOuterCity，hasbeenthecenterofBeijingeversincetheMingDynasty.Eachyear，millionsofvisitorsfrombothhomeandabroadcometovisitit.Withthewintervacationapproaching，thenumberofvisitorstoBeijingwillincreasedramatically.Ifso，you’dbetterbooktheplaneticketsandaccommodationsinadvance.IsincerelyhopeyoucanmakeittoChinathisvacationandI’mlookingforwardtoyourcoming.Bytheway，Iamwillingtoserveasyourguide.Yourssincerely，LiHua教材語(yǔ)料整合亮詞[情感描寫(xiě)]eager→eagerly→eagerness；puzzle→puzzled→puzzling；fascinate→fascinating→fascinated[動(dòng)作描寫(xiě)]breakawayfrom；belongto；surround；battle；keepyoureyesopen(for)；approach；greet；crowd美句1.Itsbeautifulcountrysideexcitesandinspiresall，offeringsomethingforeachofthesenses.(擬人修辭)2.Thepeacefullandscapeofthe“EmeraldIsle”anditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes，withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.(比喻修辭)3.Anddownbythesea，theroaroftheoceanwavesandcriesoftheseabirdsmakeupthemusicofthecoast.(環(huán)境描寫(xiě))4.Onaquietmorninginthemountains，feelthesunonyourskin，andbreatheinthesweetscentoffreshflowerswhilebirdsgreetthenewdaywiththeirmorningsong.(動(dòng)作描寫(xiě)＋擬人修辭)5.Withallthisbeauty，itisnotsurprisingthatIrelandhasdevelopedstrongtraditionsthatincludemusic，dancinganddining.(情感描寫(xiě))拓展語(yǔ)料積累自然環(huán)境細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)(二)單詞thundern．/v.雷聲；打雷；springn．春天；泉水；horizonn．地平線；dewn．露水；露；colourfuladj.五彩斑斕的；freezingadj.極冷的；snow-coveredadj.積雪覆蓋的；frozenadj.結(jié)冰的；goldenadj.金黃色的詞塊springshowers春雨；cherryblossoms櫻花盛開(kāi)；lookliketheboundlessyellowcarpet看起來(lái)像無(wú)邊無(wú)際的黃色地毯；aseasonforharvest/revival豐收/復(fù)蘇的季節(jié)；becoveredwithalayerofgreen覆蓋一層綠色；bedottedwithshiningstars繁星點(diǎn)點(diǎn)；wrinklethesurfaceofthelake使湖面泛起波紋；bebathedinthegoldensunshine沐浴在金色的陽(yáng)光下；tallbrancheswavinginthewind高高的樹(shù)枝在風(fēng)中搖曳句型1.Springthunderrumbledwithcontinuousrainwhichmoistenedthewholeearth.春雷隆隆，連綿的雨水滋潤(rùn)著整個(gè)大地。2.Withspringapproaching，theearthgetscoveredwithalayerofgreen.隨著春天的臨近，大地被覆蓋了一層綠色。3.Thesunjustcreptoutoftheeasternhorizonandraysofgoldenredpenetratedthroughthewhitecloudsandacrossthesky.太陽(yáng)剛剛從東方的地平線上爬出來(lái)，數(shù)縷金紅色的光線穿透了白云，劃過(guò)天空。4.Thegroundwascoveredwithtendergrass，onwhosebladessomedewdropswereglisteninginthesunshine.地上長(zhǎng)滿了嫩草，葉子上一些露珠在陽(yáng)光下閃閃發(fā)光。5.Agentlebreezecameup，wrinklingthesurfaceofthelake.Itwasreallyabeautifulmorning.(分詞作狀語(yǔ))一陣微風(fēng)吹過(guò)，使湖面泛起波紋。這真是一個(gè)美麗的早晨。6.Birdsflewaroundthewoodssingingcheerfullyandrestlessly.(擬人修辭)鳥(niǎo)兒在樹(shù)林里飛翔，不停地歡唱。7.Itwasaclearstreamwhichranquitemerrilyalongonitsnarrowwaythroughthedampgreenness.穿過(guò)這片潮濕的綠草地，一條清澈的小溪沿著狹窄的水道歡快地流淌著。語(yǔ)料運(yùn)用人與自然Withspringapproaching，①theearthgetscoveredwithalayerofgreen.Onabeautifulmorning，westartedourcampingoutofcity.Asweapproachedthecampsite②surroundedbymountains(過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ))，wecouldhardlycontainourexcitement.Onreachingthere，mymomopenedthedoorofthecarimmediately，③chargedoutsideandeagerlyurgedustoputupthetent.Thesurroundinglandscapewassofascinatingthatitwasreallyatruefeastforoureyes.④Bathedinthegoldensunshine(分詞作狀語(yǔ))，welayonthegrasswithalightheart.Birdsweresinginghappily⑤asiftheywerewarmlygreetingus(asif引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句)．Myfamilychattedcomfortably，⑥sweetmemoriesofthepastcrowdinginonus(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))．隨著春天的臨近，大地被覆蓋了一層綠色。在一個(gè)美麗的早晨，我們開(kāi)始在城市外露營(yíng)。當(dāng)我們接近群山環(huán)繞的露營(yíng)地時(shí)，我們幾乎無(wú)法抑制自己的興奮。到了之后媽媽馬上打開(kāi)車(chē)門(mén)，沖到外面，急切地催促我們搭起帳篷。周?chē)木吧绱嗣匀?，真是一?chǎng)視覺(jué)盛宴。沐浴在金色的陽(yáng)光下，我們躺在草地上，心情輕松。鳥(niǎo)兒在歡快地歌唱，好像它們?cè)跓崆榈赜游覀?。我們?nèi)沂媸娣亓奶?，過(guò)去的美好回憶涌上我們的心頭。高考題型組合練Ⅰ.閱讀理解A★Scientistshavesolvedapuzzleaboutmodernhumans，afterresearchshowedthatafamousskullofahumanancestorfoundinSouthAfricaisamillionyearsolderthanexpertsthought.Thisdiscoveryhaschangedwhatweknowofhumanhistory.Theskull，whichscientistshavenamed“MrsPles”，isfromanape-likehumanrelativefromaspeciescalledAustralopithecusafricanus(南方古猿非洲種)．ItwasfoundnearJohannesburgin1947and，basedonevidencefromitssurroundings，wasthoughttobebetween2.1and2.6millionyearsold.Thispuzzledscientists，becausealthoughMrsPleslookslikeapossibleearlyancestorofearlyhumans，thefirsttruehumanshadalreadyevolvedbythetimesheapparentlylived.Forthisreason，scientistshaddecidedthatAustralopithecusafarensis，asimilarspeciesfromEastAfricathatlivedabout3.5millionyearsago，wasourmostlikelyancestorinstead.TogetamoreaccurateageforMrsPles，ateamledbyProfessorDarrylGrangerofPurdueUniversityinIndiana，US，usedanewmethodtodatethesandyrockswheretheskulllay.Theymeasuredtheamountofcertainchemicalsinrocks，whichformatasteadyratewhentheyareexposedtocosmicrays(宇宙射線)onEarth’ssurface.Oncerocksareburied，thesechemicalsstopformingandslowlydisappear；thesurvivingamountrevealshowmuchtimehaspassedsincetherocks(orbones)wereonthesurface.ThenewstudyshowsthatMrsPlesandotheraustralopithecinebonesnearbyarebetween3.4and3.7millionyearsold.ThismeanstheylivedatthesametimeastheirEastAfricanrelatives，sothateithergroupcouldhavegivenrisetomodernhumans.However，teammemberDrLaurentBruxellespointedoutthatovermillionsofyears，atonly2,500milesaway，thesegroupshadplentyoftimetotravelandtobreedwitheachother.Inotherwords，thegroupscouldquiteeasilyhavemet，hadchildrentogetherandbothbeenpartofthehistoryofmodernhumans.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究表明，在南非發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個(gè)著名的人類(lèi)祖先頭骨的年代比專(zhuān)家們認(rèn)為的要早100萬(wàn)年。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)改變了我們對(duì)人類(lèi)歷史的認(rèn)識(shí)。1．WhatcanwelearnaboutMrsPlesfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．ItisaskullfoundinEastAfrica.B．Itisthemostpossibleancestorofhumans.C．Itisamillionyearsolderthanscientistsexpected.D．Itisprovedtolivebetween2.1and2.6millionyearsago.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Scientistshavesolvedapuzzleaboutmodernhumans，afterresearchshowedthatafamousskullofahumanancestorfoundinSouthAfricaisamillionyearsolderthanexpertsthought.”和第二段的“Theskull，whichscientistshavenamed‘MrsPles’”可知，“Ples夫人”的年代比科學(xué)家預(yù)期的要早100萬(wàn)年。故選C。2．Howdidscientistsgettheaccurateageof“MrsPles”？A．Bystudyingtheeffectofcosmicrays.B．Bycalculatingtheformingrateofchemicals.C．Bylocatingthesandyrockswheretheskulllay.D．Bymeasuringthesurvivingamountofchemicals.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Theymeasuredtheamountofcertainchemicalsinrocks...thesurvivingamountreveals...onthesurface.”可知，科學(xué)家通過(guò)測(cè)量保存下來(lái)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)的含量來(lái)得到“Ples夫人”的準(zhǔn)確年齡。故選D。3．Whatcanweinferfromthenewstudy?A．ModernhumanscameintobeinginEastAfrica.B．MrsPlestravelledandhadchildrenwithEastAfricanrelatives.C．Thehistoryofmodernhumansmightbegin3.5millionyearsago.D．Ape-likespeciesfromAfricacouldhaveinteractedwitheachother.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Inotherwords，thegroupscouldquiteeasilyhavemet，hadchildrentogetherandbothbeenpartofthehistoryofmodernhumans.”可知，我們能從這項(xiàng)新研究中推斷出來(lái)自非洲的類(lèi)人猿物種可能相互交流。故選D。4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．HistoricalPuzzleUnsolvedB．AncestorMysterySolvedC．MrsPles:TheEarliestHumanBeingD．MrsPles:AFamousSkull答案B解析標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“Scientistshavesolvedapuzzleaboutmodernhumans，...”可知，本文主要講的是科學(xué)家們解開(kāi)了一個(gè)關(guān)于現(xiàn)代人類(lèi)祖先頭骨的謎題，因此最好的題目是B選項(xiàng)“AncestorMysterySolved”。故選B。B★AnewstudyanalyzingstonetoolsfromsouthernChinaprovidestheearliestevidenceofriceharvesting，datingtoasearlyas10,000yearsago.Theresearchersidentifiedtwomethodsofharvestingrice，whichhelpedstartricedomestication.Toharvestrice，somesortoftoolswouldhavebeenneeded.“Forquitealongtime，oneofthepuzzleshasbeenthatharvestingtoolshavenotbeenfoundinsouthernChinafromtheearlyNeolithicperiodorNewStoneAge(10,000－7,000BeforePresent)—thetimeperiodwhenweknowricebegantobedomesticated，”saysleadauthorJiajingWang，anassistantpr