2019年12月四級真題第1套

機密*啟用前大學英語四級考試COLLEGEENGLISHTEST—BandFour—(2019年12月第1套)試題冊敬告考生一、在答題前，請認真完成以下內(nèi)容:1.請檢查試題冊背面條形碼粘貼條、答題卡的印刷質(zhì)量，如有問題及時向監(jiān)考員反映，確認無誤后完成以下兩點要求。2.請將試題冊背面條形碼粘貼條揭下后粘貼在答題卡1的條形碼粘貼框內(nèi)，并將姓名和準考證號填寫在試題冊背面相應位置。3.請在答題卡1和答題卡2指定位置用黑色簽字筆填寫準考證號、姓名和學校名稱，并用HB-2B鉛筆將對應準考證號的信息點涂黑。二、在考試過程中，請注意以下內(nèi)容:1.所有題目必須在答題卡上規(guī)定位置作答，在試題冊上或答題卡上非規(guī)定位置的作答一律無效。2.請在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)在答題卡指定位置依次完成作文、聽力、閱讀、翻譯各部分考試，作答作文期間不得翻閱該試題冊。聽力錄音播放完畢后，請立即停止作答，監(jiān)考員將立即收回答題卡1，得到監(jiān)考員指令后方可繼續(xù)作答。3.作文題內(nèi)容印在試題冊背面，作文題及其他主觀題必須用黑色簽字筆在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)作答。4.選擇題均為單選題，錯選、不選或多選將不得分，作答時必須使用HB-2B鉛筆在答題卡上相應位置填涂，修改時須用橡皮擦凈。三、以下情況按違規(guī)處理:1.未正確填寫(涂)個人信息，錯貼、不貼、毀損條形碼粘貼條。2.未按規(guī)定翻閱試題冊、提前閱讀試題、提前或在收答題卡期間作答。3.未用所規(guī)定的筆作答、折疊成毀損答題卡導致無法評卷。4.考試期間在非聽力考試時間佩戴耳機。全國大學英語四、六級考試委員會PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Manyfacilitiesweredestroyedbyawanderingcow.B)Awanderingcowknockeddownoneofitsfences.C)Sometouristswereinjuredbyawanderingcow.D)Awanderingcowwascapturedbythepolice.2.A)Itwasshottodeathbyapoliceofficer.B)Itfounditswaybacktothepark'szoo.C)Itbecameagreatattractionfortourists.D)Itwassenttotheanimalcontroldepartment.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Itisthelargestofitskind.B)Itisgoingtobeexpanded.C)Itisdisplayingmorefossilspecimens.D)Itisstartinganonlineexhibition.4.A)AcollectionofbirdfossilsfromAustralia.B)Photographsofcertainrarefossilexhibits.C)SomeancientwallpaintingsfromAustralia.D)PicturesbywinnersofawildlifephotocontestQuestions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Pickuptrash.C)Amusevisitors.B)Delivermessages.D)Playwithchildren.6.A)Theyareespeciallyintelligent.C)Theyarequiteeasytotame.B)Theyarechildren'sfavorite.D)Theyarecleanandpretty.7.A)Childrenmaybeharmedbytherooks.C)Childrenmaycontractbirddiseases.B)Childrenmaybetemptedtodroplitter.D)Childrenmayoverfeedtherooks.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)ItwillbeproducedatHarvardUniversity.B)Itwillbehostedbyfamousprofessors.C)Itwillcoverdifferentareasofscience.D)Itwillfocusonrecentscientificdiscoveries.9.A)Itwillbemorefuturistic.C)Itwillbemoreentertaining.B)Itwillbemoresystematic.D)Itwillbeeasiertounderstand.10.A)Peopleinterestedmscience.C)Childrenintheirearlyteens.B)Youngsterseagertoexplore.D)Studentsmajoringscience.11.A)Offerprofessionaladvice.C)HelppromoteitontheInternet.B)Providefinancialsupport.D)Makeepisodesforitsfirstseason.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Unsure.B)Helpless.C)Concerned.D)Dissatisfied.13.A)Heistooconcernedwithbeingperfect.B)Helosesheartwhenfacedwithsetbacks.C)Heistooambitiousinachievinggoals.D)Hetakesonprojectsbeyondhisability.14.A)Embarrassed.B)Unconcerned.C)Miserable.D)Resentful.15.A)Trytobeoptimisticwhateverhappens.B)Comparehispresentwithhispastonly.C)Alwayslearnfromothers’achievements.D)Treatothersthewayhewouldbetreated.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre. Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theyhaveastrongersenseofsocialresponsibility.B)Theyaremorelikelytosucceedinthehumanities.C)Theyaremorelikelytobecomeengineers.D)Theyhavegreaterpotentialtobeleaders.17.A)Praisegirlswholiketospeakupfrequently.B)Encouragegirlstosolveproblemsontheirown.C)Insistthatboysandgirlsworktogethermore.D)Respondmorepositivelytoboyscomments.18.A)Offerpersonalizedteachingmaterials.B)Provideavarietyofoptionalcourses.C)Placegreatemphasisontestscores.D)Payextraattentiontotopstudents.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Itoftenrainscatsanddogs.B)Itseldomrainsinsummertime.C)Itdoesnotrainasmuchaspeoplethink.D)ItisoneofthemostrainycitiesintheUS.20.A)Theydrivemostofthetime.B)Therainisusuallyverylight.C)Theyhavegotusedtotherain.D)Theraincomesmostlyatnight.21.A)Ithasalotofplacesforentertainment.B)Ithasneverseenthunderandlightning.C)Ithasfewercloudydaysthananyothercoastalcity.D)Ithasmildweatherbothinsummerandwinter.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Itoccurswhenpeoplearedoingarepetitiveactivity.B)Itresultsfromexertingone'smusclescontinuously.C)Ithappenswhenpeopleengageinanuncommonactivity.D)Itcomesfromstrainingone'smusclesinanunusualway.23.A)Bloodflowandbodyheatincreaseintheaffectedarea.B)Bodymovementsintheaffectedareabecomedifficult.C)Theybegintomakerepairsimmediately.D)Theygraduallybecomefragmented.24.A)Aboutoneweek.C)Abouttendays.B)Abouttwodays.D)Aboutfourweeks.25.A)Applymusclecreams.C)Haveahotshower.B)Drinkplentyofwater.D)Takepain-killers.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whentravellingoverseas,doyoubuywaterinplasticbottlesortakeyourchanceswithtapwater?ImagineyouarewanderingaboutonaThaiislandor26theruinsofAngkor.It’shotsoyougrababottleofwaterfromalocalvendor.It’sthesafethingtodo,right?Thebottleis27,andthelabelsays“purewater”.Butmaybewhat’sinsideisnotso28.Wouldyoustillbedrinkingitifyouknewthatmorethan90percentofallbottledwatersoldaroundtheworld29microplastics?That’stheconclusionofarecently30study,whichanalysed259bottlesfrom11brandssoldinninecountries,31anaverageof325plasticparticlesperlitreofwater.Thesemicroplasticsincludeda32commonlyknownasPETandwidelyusedinthemanufactureofclothingandfoodand33containers.ThestudywasconductedattheStateUniversityofNewYorkonbehalfofOrbMedia,ajournalismorganisation.Aboutamillionbottlesareboughteveryminute,notonlybythirstytouristsbutalsobymanyofthe2.1billionworldwidewholivewithunsafedrinkingwater.Confrontedwiththis34,severalbottled-watermanufacturersincludingNestleandCoca-Colaundertooktheirownstudiesusingthesamemethodology.Thesestudiesshowedthattheirwaterdidcontainmicroplastics,butfarlessthantheOrbstudysuggested.Regardless,theWorldHealthOrganisationhaslaunchedareviewintothe35healthrisksofdrinkingwaterfromplasticbottles.A)adequateI)naturalB)admiringJ)potentialC)containsK)releasedD)defendingL)revealingE)evidenceM)sealedF)instantN)solvesG)liquidO)substanceH)modifiedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ThequietheroismofmaildeliveryOnWednesday,apolarwindbroughtbittercoldtotheMidwest.Overnight,Chicagoreachedalowof21degreesFahrenheitbelowzero,makingitslightlycolderthanAntarctica(南極洲）,Alaska,andtheNorthPoleWindchillswere64degreesbelowzeroinParkRapids,Minnesotaand45degreesbelowzeroinBuffalo,NorthDakota,accordingtotheNationalWeatherService.Schools,restaurants,andbusinessesclosed,andmorethan1,000flightswerecanceled.EventheUnitedStatesPostalService(USPS)suspendedmaildelivery.“DuetothisarcticoutbreakandconcernsforthesafetyofUSPSemployees,”USPSannouncedWednesdaymorning,“thePostalServiceissuspendingdeliveryJan.30insome3-digitZIPCodelocations.”TwelveregionswerelistedasunsafeonWednesday,onThursday,eightremained.Asglobalsurfacetemperaturesincrease,sodoesthelikelihoodofextremeweather.In2018alone,wildfires,volcanic,eruptions,hurricanes,mudslides,andothernaturaldisasterscostatleast$49billionintheUnitedStates.AsmycolleagueVannNewkirkreported,PuertoRicoisstillconfrontingeconomicandstructuraldestructionandresourcescarcityfrom2017’sHurricaneMaria.Naturaldisasterscanwreckacommunity’sinfrastructure,disruptingsystemsformonthsoryears.Someservices,however,remindusthatlifewilleventuallyreturn,insomeform,tonormal.Daysafterthedeadly2017wildfiresinSantaRosa,California,adrone(無人機）caughtfootage(連續(xù)鏡頭）ofaUSPSworker,TrevorSmith,drivingthroughburnedhomesinthatfamiliarwhitevan,collectingmailinanaffectedarea.Thevideoisstriking:Theoperationisfamiliar,butthescenelooksliketheendoftheworld.AccordingtoRaeAnnHaight,theprogrammanagerforthenational-preparednessofficeatUSPS,Smithwasfulfillingarequestmadebysomeofthehomeownerstopickupanymailthatwasleftuntouched.ForSmith,thiswasjustanotherdayonthejob.“IfollowedmyroutelikeInormallydo,”Smithtoldareporter.“AsIcameacrossaboxthatwasupbutwithnohouse,Ichecked,andtherewasmail—outgoingmail—init.Andsowepickedthoseupandcarriedon.”USPShassophisticatedemergencyplansfornaturaldisasters.Acrossthecountry,285emergencymanagementteamsaredevotedtocrisiscontrol.TheseteamsaretrainedannuallyusingaframeworkknownasthethreePs:people,property,product.Aftermailservicestopsduetoweather,theagency’stoppriorityisensuringthatemployeesaresafe.Thenitevaluatesthehealthofinfrastructure,suchastheroadsthatmailcarriersdriveon.Finally,itdecideswhenandhowtore-openoperations.Ifthedestructionisextreme,mailaddressedtotheareawillgetsentelsewhere.InresponsetoHurricaneKatrinain2005,USPSredirectedincomingNewOrleansmailtoexistingmailfacilitiesinHouston.MailthatwasalreadyprocessedinNewOrleansfacilitieswasmovedtoanupperfloorsoitwouldbeprotectedfromwaterdamage.Assoonasit’ssafeenoughtobeoutside,couriers(郵遞員)startdistributingaccumulatedmailonthestill-accessibleroutes.USPSurgesthosewithoutstandingaddressestofilechange-of-addressformswiththeirnewlocation.AfterHurricaneKatrinahitin2005,mailfacilitiesweresetupindozensoflocationsacrossthecountryinthetwoweeksthatUSPSwasunabletoprovidestreetdelivery.Everyday,USPSprocesses,onaverage,493.4millionpiecesofmail—anythingfrompostcardstoSocialSecuritycheckstomedicine.SpokespeoplefrombothUSPSandUPStoldmeallmailisimportant.Butsomemailcanbeextremelysensitiveandtimely.AccordingtodatareleasedinJanuary2017,56percentofbillsarepaidonline,whichmeansthatjustunderhalfofpaymentsstillrelyondeliveryservicestobecompleted.ItcanbehardtoidentifywhichparcelsarecarryingcrucialitemssuchasSocialSecuritychecks,butUSPSandUPStrytheirbesttoprioritizesensitivematerial.TheywillcoordinatewiththeSocialSecurityAdministrationtomakesurethatSocialSecuritychecksreachtherightpeopleinatimelyfashion.AfterHurricaneFlorenceandHurricaneMichaellastfall,USPSworkedwithstateandlocalelectionboardstomakesurethatabsenteeballotswereavailableandreceivedortime.Mailcompaniesarelogistics(物流）companies,whichputstheminaspecialpositiontohelpwhendisasterstrikes.Ina2011USPScasestudy,theagencyemphasizeditsmassiveinfrastructureasa“uniquefederalasset”tobecalleduponinadisasterorterroristattack.“Ithinkwe’reuniqueasafederalagency,”USPSofficialMikeSwigarttoldme,“becausewe’reinliterallyeverycommunityinthiscountry…We’reobligatedtodelivertothatpointonadailybasis.”Privatecouriercompanies,whichhavemoredollarstospend,usetheirexpertiseinlogisticstohelprevitalizedamagedareasafteradisaster.Formorethanadecade,FedExhassupportedtheAmericanRedCrossmitsefforttogetemergencysuppliestoareasaffectedbydisasters,bothdomesticallyandinternationally.In2012,thecompanydistributedmorethan1,200MedPackstoMedicalReserveCorpsgroupsinCalifornia.Theyalsodonatedspacefor3.1millionpoundsofcharitableshippingglobally.LastOctober,thecompanypledged$1millionincashandtransportationsupportforHurricanesFlorenceandMichael.UPS'scharitablearm,theUPSFoundation,usesthecompany’slogisticstohelpdisaster-struckareasrebuild.“Werealizethatasacompanywithpeople,trucks,warehouses,weneededtoplayalargerrole,”saidEduardoMartinez,thepresidentoftheUPSFoundation.Thecompanyemploysitstrucksandplanestodeliverfood,medicine,andwater.ThedaybeforeIspoketoMartinezinNovember,hehadbeertouringthedamagefromHurricaneMichaelinFloridawiththeAmericanRedCross.“Wehaveanobligationtomakesureourcommunitiesarethriving,”hesaid.Rebuildingcantakealongtime,andeventhen,impressionsofthedisastermaystillremain.Returningtoanormallifecanbedifficult,butsomesmallroutinesmaildeliverybeingoneofthemmayhelpresidentsrememberthattheircommunitiesarestilltheircommunities.“Whentheyseethatcarrierbackoutonthestreet,”Swigartsaid,“that’sthefirstsigntothemthatlifeisstartingtoreturntonormal.”TheUnitedStatesPostalServicehasasystemtoensureitsemployees’safety.OneofficialsaysUSPSisuniqueinthatithasmoredirectreachtocommunitiescomparedwithotherfederalagencies.Naturaldisasterscanhavealong-lastingimpactoncommunitylife.Maildeliveryserviceisstillresponsibleforthecompletionofalmosthalfofpayments.Thesightofamailmanonthestreetisareassuringsignoflifebecomingnormalagain.AfterHurricaneKatrinainterruptedroutinedelivery,temporarymailservicepointsweresetup.PostalserviceinsomeregionsintheU.S.wassuspendedduetoextremecoldweather.Privatepostalcompaniesalsosupportdisasterreliefeffortsbydistributingurgentsupplies.AdedicatedUSPSemployeewasonthejobcarryingoutdutiesinspiteofextremeconditions.Postalservicesworkhardtoidentifyitemsthatrequireprioritytreatment.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ProfessorAshokGoelofGeorgiaTechdevelopedanartificiallyintelligentteachingassistanttohelphandletheenormousnumberofstudentquestionsintheonlineclass,Knowledge-BasedArtificialIntelligence.ThisonlinecourseisacorerequirementofGeorgiaTech’sonlineMasterofScienceinComputerScienceprogramProfessorGoelalreadyhadeightteachingassistants,butthatwasn’tenoughtodealwiththeoverwhelmingnumberofdailyquestionsfromstudents.Manystudentsdropoutofonlinecoursesbecauseofthelackofteachingsupport.Whenstudentsfeelisolatedorconfusedandreachoutwithquestionsthatgounanswered,theirmotivationtocontinuebeginstofade.ProfessorGoeldecidedtodosomethingtoremedythissituationandhissolutionwastocreateavirtualassistantnamedJillWatson,whichisbasedontheIBMWatsonplatform.GoelandhisteamdevelopedseveralversionsofJillWatsonbeforereleasinghertotheonlineforums.Atfirst,thevirtualassistantwasn’ttoogreat.ButGoelandhisteamsourcedtheonlinediscussionforumtofindall40,000questionsthathadeverbeenaskedsincetheclasswaslaunched.ThentheybegantofeedJillwiththequestionsandanswers.Aftersomeadjustments,andsufficienttime,Jillwasabletoanswerthestudents’questionscorrectly97%ofthetime.Thevirtualassistantbecamesoadvancedandrealisticthatthestudentsdidn’tknowshewasacomputer.Thestudents,whowerestudyingartificialintelligence,wereinteractingwiththevirtualassistantandcouldn’ttellitapartfromarealhumanbeing.Goeldidn’tinformthemaboutJill’strueidentityuntilApril26.Thestudentswereactuallyverypositiveabouttheexperience.ThegoalofProfessorGoel’svirtualassistantnextyearistotakeoveranswering40%ofallthequestionsposedbystudentsontheonlineforum.ThenameJillWatsonwill,ofcourse,changetosomethingelsenextsemester.ProfessorGoelhasamuchrosieroutlookonthefutureofartificialintelligencethan,say,ElonMusk,StephenHawking,BillGatesorSteveWozniak.46.WhatdowelearnaboutKnowledge-BasedArtificialIntelligence?A)Itisarobotthatcananswerstudents'questions.B)Itisacoursedesignedforstudentstolearnonline.C)Itisahigh-techdevicethatrevolutionizesteaching.D)Itisacomputerprogramthataidsstudentlearning.47.WhatproblemdidProfessorGoelmeetwith?A)Hisstudentswereunsatisfiedwiththeassistants.B)Hiscoursewastoodifficultforthestudents.C)Students'questionsweretoomanytohandle.D)Toomanystudentsdroppedoutofhiscourse.48.WhatdowelearnaboutJillWatson?A)Sheturnedouttobeagreatsuccess.B)Shegotalongprettywellwithstudents.C)Shewasunwelcometostudentsatfirst.D)Shewasreleasedonlineasanexperiment.49.HowdidthestudentsfeelaboutJillWatson?A)Theythoughtshewasabittooartificial.B)Theyfoundhernotascapableasexpected.C)Theycouldnotbutadmireherknowledge.D)Theycouldnottellherfromarealperson.50.WhatdoesProfessorGoelplantodonextwithJillWatson?A)Launchdifferentversionsofheronline.B)Feedherwithnewquestionsandanswers.C)Assignhertoanswermoreofstudents’questions.D)Encouragestudentstointeractwithhermorefreely.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thinkingsmall,beingengaging,andhavingasenseofhumordon’thurt.Thoseareafewofthetraitsofsuccessfulsciencecrowdfundingeffortsthatemergefromarecentstudythatexaminednearly400campaigns.Buthavingalargenetworkandsomepromotionalskillsmaybemorecrucial.Crowdfunding,raisingmoneyforaprojectthroughonlineappeals,hastakenoffinrecentyearsforeverythingfrommakingmoviestoproducingwater-savinggadgets.ScientistshavetriedtotapInternetdonors,too,withmixedsuccess.Someraisedmorethantwicetheirgoals,butothershavefallenshortofreachingevenmodesttargets.Todeterminewhatseparatessciencecrowdfundingtriumphsfromfailures,ateamledbysciencecommunicationsscholarMikeSchaferoftheUniversityofZurichexaminedthecontentofthewebpagesfor371recentcampaigns.Fourtraitsstoodoutforthosethatachievedtheirgoals,theresearchersreportinPublicUnderstandingofScience.Forone,theyuseacrowdfundingplatformthatspecializesinraisingmoneyforscience,andnotjustanykindofproject.AlthoughsiteslikeKickstartertakeallcomers,platformssuchasExperiment.comandPetridishorgonlypresentscientificprojects.Foranother,theypresenttheprojectwithafunnyvideobecausegoodvisualsandasenseofhumorimprovedsuccess.Mostofthemengagewithpotentialdonors,sinceprojectsthatansweredquestionsfrominteresteddonorsfaredbetter.Andtheytargetasmallamountofmoney.Theprojectsincludedinthestudyraised$4000onaverage,with30%receivinglessthan$1000.Themoremoneyaprojectsought,thelowerthechanceitreacheditsgoal,theresearchersfound.Otherfactorsmayalsosignificantlyinfluenceaproject’ssuccess,mostnotably,thesizeofascientist'spersonalandprofessionalnetworks,andhowmucharesearcherpromotesaprojectontheirown.Thosetwofactorsarebyfarmorecriticalthanthecontentonthepage.Crowdfundingcanbepartofresearchers’effortstoreachthepublic,andpeoplegivebecause“theyfeelaconnectiontotheperson”whoisdoingthefundraising—notnecessarilytothescience.51.Whatdowelearnaboutthescientiststryingtoraisemoneyonlinefortheirprojects?A)Theydidnotraisemuchduetomodesttargets.C)Notallofthemachievedtheiranticipatedgoals.B)Theymadeuseofmixedfundraisingstrategies.D)Mostofthemputmoviesonlineforthepurpose.52.WhatisthepurposeofMikeSchafer’sresearchofrecentcrowdfundingcampaigns?A)Tocreateattractivecontentforsciencewebsites.C)Tohelpscientiststolaunchinnovativeprojects.B)Toidentifyreasonsfortheirdifferentoutcomes.D)Toseparatescienceprojectsfromgeneralones.53.Whattraitcontributestothesuccessofacrowdfundingcampaign?A)Thepotentialbenefittofuturegenerations.C)Itsoriginalityinaddressingfinancialissues.B)Itsinteractionwithprospectivedonors.D)Thevalueoftheproposedproject.54.Whatdidtheresearchersthinkofthefinancialtargetsofcrowdfundingprojects?A)Theyshouldbesmalltobesuccessful.C)Theyshouldbeassessedwithgreatcare.B)Theyshouldbebasedonactualneeds.D)Theyshouldbeambitioustogainnotice.55.Whatmotivatespeopletodonateinacrowdfundingcampaign?A)Theeaseofaccess