陶潔版-美國文學選讀-第三版-課后習題答案

美國文學選讀第三版課后習題答案陶潔(部分)Unit1BenjaminFranklinQuestions

1.WhydidFranklinwritehisAutobiography?

Franklinsaysthatbecausehissonmaywishtoknowabouthislife,heistakinghisoneweekvacationintheEnglishcountrysidetorecordhispast.Healsosaysthathehasenjoyedhislifeandwouldliketorepeatit

2.WhatmadeFranklindecidetoleavethebrothertowhomhehadbeenapprenticed?

Hisbrotherwaspassionate,andhadoftenbeatenhim.Theaversiontoarbitrarypowerthathasstucktohimthroughhiswholelife.Afterabrushwiththelaw,Franklinlefthisbrother.

3.HowdidhearriveinPhiladephia?

FirsthesetoutinaboatforAmboy,theboatdroppedhimoffabout50milesfromBurlington,thenextdayhereachedBurlingtononfoot,inBurlingtonhefoundaboatwhichwasgoingtowardsPhiladelphia,hearrivedthereabouteightornineo’clock,ontheSundaymorningandlandedattheMarketStreetwharf.

4.Whatfeaturesdoyoufindinthestyleoftheaboveselection?

ItisthepatternofPuritansimplicity,directness,andconcision(言簡意賅).Thenarrativeislucid(易懂的),thestructureissimple,theimageryishomely(樸素的).Unit2EdgarAllenPoe

1.Whoisthenarrator?Whatwrongdoeshewanttoredress?

Montresor.

Fortunato,oneofwineexpertsinsultedhim,sohewantedtomurderhim.

2.WhatisthepretextheusestolureFortunatotohiswinecellar?

HebaitsFortunatobytellinghimhehasobtainedwhathebelievestobeacaskofAmontilladoarareandvaluablesherrywine.

FortunatoisanxioustodeterminewhetherornotitistrulyAmontillado,sohegoestothevaultwithMontresor.

3.WhathappenstoFortunatointheend?

Hewaswalledupalivebehindbricksinawinecellar.

4.DescribebrieflyhowPoecharacterizesMontresorandFortunatoascontrasts?

Poeusescolorimagerytocharacterizethem.Montresorfaceiscoveredinablacksilkmask,Incontrast,Fortunatodressesthemotley-coloredcostumeofthecourtfool,whogetsliterallyandtragicallyfooledbyMontresor'smaskedmotives.

ThecolorschemeshererepresenttheironyofFortunato'sdeathsentence.

Throughtheacts,words,andthoughtsof

Fortunato,weknowHeisgreedy,hewasluredintothedarkandsombervaultsjustbecauseacaskofAmontillado.

Thisisalsoduetohisbadhabitofbibulosity(酗酒）.Helosthimselfonhearingthewine.

Atthesametime,hewascheatedbyhisenemy,whichreflectedhisignorance.

WhenheheardthepretendedplimentfromMontresor,hebecameveryboastfulandarrogant.

Hewaseasilyconfusedbythesuperficialphenomenaandfailedtowatchoutforothers.Hecouldn’ttoleratethatotherswerestrongerthanhim.

Forexample,MontresoralwaysstimulatedhimwithLuchresiwhowasgoodatconnoisseur（鑒賞）inwine.

Undertheimpulseofvanity,hefellintoMontresor’sterribletrap.

Infact,hewascarelessandfoolishanddidn’tfindthatthedangerwasapproachinghim.

HelookeddownuponMontresorandothers.

Hedidn’trealizehisfoolishnessuntilthedeathwasing.

Talkingfromtheappearance,Monstresorwasawell-educatedand“kind”businessman.

Heenjoyedthehonorandrespectinthecity.Butinfact,hewasanevilandawfulperson.

Hisinnerfeelingsweresocruelthattheyevenmadepeopletremble.

Underhisrichappearancewasthedirtysoulanddespicablecharacter.

Wecouldn’tseeanygloriousvirtuesinhismind.Instead,hisheartwascoldanddark.

ItwastherevengethatthrewMontresorintothedeepevilvalley.unit4NathanielHawthorne1.WhyistheprisonthesettingofChapter1?

Nomatterhowoptimisticthefoundersofnewcoloniesmaybe,theyarequicktoestablishaprisonandacemeteryintheir“Utopia,”fortheyknowthatmisbehavior,evil,anddeathareunavoidable.

ThisbelieffitsintothelargerPuritandoctrine,whichputsheavyemphasisontheideaoforiginalsin—thenotionthatallpeoplearebornsinnersbecauseoftheinitialtransgressionsofAdamandEveintheGardenofEden.heisthereforeusingtheprisonbuildingtorepresentthecrimeandthepunishmentwhichareaspectofcivilizedlife

Whatistheimplicationofthedescriptionoftheroses?

Therosebushsymbolizestheabilityofnaturetoendureandoutlastman'sactivities.

ThenarratorsuggeststhatrosesofferareminderofNature'skindnesstothecondemned;forhistale,hesays,itwillprovideeithera“sweetmoralblossom”orelsesomereliefinthefaceofunrelentingsorrowandgloom.

2.DescribetheappearanceofHesterPrynneandtheattitudeofthepeopletowardsher.

Thesecondparagraphonpage30.

Thecrowdinfrontofthejailisamixtureofmenandwomen,allmaintainingseverelooksofdisapproval.

SeveralofthewomenbegintodiscussHesterPrynne,andtheysoonvowthatHesterwouldnothavereceivedsuchalightsentenceforhercrimeiftheyhadbeenthejudges.

Onewoman,theugliestofthegroup,goessofarastoadvocatedeathforHester.

3.WhathashappenedtoHester?

Asayoungwoman,Hestermarriedanelderlyscholar,Chillingworth,whosentheraheadtoAmericatolive.

Whilewaitingforhim,shehadanaffairwithaPuritanministernamedDimmesdale,afterwhichshegavebirthtoPearl.

Thescarletletterisherpunishmentforhersinandhersecrecy.

WhydoesshemaketheembroideryoftheletterAsoelaborate?

Itseemstodeclarethatsheisproud,ratherthanashamed,ofhersin.

Inreality,however,Hestersimplyacceptsthe“sin”anditssymbolaspartofherself,justassheacceptsherchild.

Andalthoughshecanhardlybelieveherpresent“realities,”shetakesthemastheyareratherthanresistingthemortryingtoatoneforthem.

Howdoesthistellusabouthercharacter?

ThroughoutTheScarletLetterHesterisportrayedasanintelligent,capable.Itistheextraordinarycircumstancesshapingherthatmakehersuchanimportantfigure.Unit5HermanMelville

1.WhatarethestoriesIsmaeltellsaboutMobyDick?

IshmaelparesthelegendofMobyDicktohisexperienceofthewhale.

Henotesthatspermwhaleattackshaveincreasedrecentlyandthatsuperstitioussailorshaveetoregardtheseattacksashavinganintelligent,evensupernaturalorigin.

Inparticular,wildrumorsaboutMobyDickcirculateamongwhalemen,suggestingthathecanbeinmorethanoneplaceatthesametimeandthatheisimmortal.Ishmaelremarksthateventhewildestofrumorsusuallycontainssometruth.

Whales,forinstance,havebeenknowntotravelwithremarkablespeedfromtheAtlantictothePacific;thus,itispossibleforawhaletobecaughtinthePacificwiththeharpoonsofaGreenlandshipinit.

MobyDick,whohasdefiedcapturenumeroustimes,exhibitsan“intelligentmalignity”（狠毒）inhisattacksonmen

2.WhydoesAhabreactsoviolentlyagainstthewhitewhale?

First,helostoneofhislegsbecauseofthewhitewhale.

Second,HeconsidersMobyDicktheembodimentofevilintheworld,andhepursuestheWhiteWhale，becausehebelievesithisinescapablefatetodestroythisevil.

IshmaelsuggeststhatAhabis“crazy”andcallhim“aravinglunatic.”Doyouagreewithhim?Whyorwhynot?

IshmaeldescribesAhabasmadinhisnarration,anditdoesindeedseemmadtotrytofighttheforcesofnatureorGod.

3.Whatnarrativefeaturescanyoufindintheselectedchapter?

Intheselectedcharpter,MelvilleemployedthetechniqueofmultipleviewofhisnarrativetoportrayMobyDicktoachievetheeffectofambiguityandletreadersjudgethemeaning.Unit6HenryDavidThoreau

1.WhereindeeddidThoreaulive,bothataphysicallevelandataspirituallevel?

HelivedinacabinonWaldenPond,whichbelongedtoEmerson’sproperty.

2.HadThoreaueverboughtafarm?Whydidheenjoytheactofbuying?

No,hehadn’t.

Heavoidedpurchasingafarmbecauseitwouldinevitablytiehimdownfinanciallyandplicatehislife.

Thoreaudidn’tseetheacquisitionofwealthasthegoalforhumanexistence,hesawthegoaloflifetobeanexplorationofthemindandofthemagnificentworldaroundus.

Heregardedtheplacesasanexistencefreeofobligationsandfullofleisure.

3.IsitsignificantthatThoreaumentionedtheFourthofJulyasthedayonwhichhebegantostayinthewoods?Why?

Yes,itis.

BecauseTheFourthofJulyisknownasIndependenceDay,thebirthdayottheUnitedStates.

HereThoreauusesthedaytoexpresshisbeginningof

regenerationatWalden.

Italsomeansasymbolofhisconquestofbeing.

4.HowcouldyouanswerthequestionThoreauaskedattheendofthisselection?Unit719thCenturyAmericanPoets1.HenryWadsworthLongfellow(1)IShotanArrow…1.Whydidthespeakerlosesightofhisarrowandsong?Thearrowfliestooswiftlyandtoofarawaytobeseenbythespeaker;whereasthesongisnaturallyinvisible.2.Inwhatcircumstancesdidhefindthemagain?Hefindsthemunexpectedlyyearslaterfromthetrunkofatreeandtheheartofafriend.3.Whatdoarrowandsongstandforinthispoem?Theimagesofarrowandsongheremaystandforfriendship.(2)APsalmofLife1.Whatkindofpersonisthespeakerofthispoem?Thespeakerisamanofaction,alwaysoptimisticandcheerful,tryingtoachieveasmuchaspossibleintheshortspanoflife.2.Accordingtothepoem,howshouldourlivesbeledtooverethefactthateachdaybringsusnearertodeath?Weshouldworkharderandlivehappier.3.Interpretthemetaphorof"Footprintsonthesandoftime"(line28).Themetaphorreferstohumandeedsinreallife.2.WaltWhitman(1)One'sSelfISing1.Whatisthesignificanceofsingingaboutone'sself?Itisanexaltationoftheindividualspirit,whichistypicalofAmericanpeople.2.Whatisthedifferencebetweenphysiologyandphysiognomy?Physiologyisasciencethatdealswiththefunctionsandlifeprocessofhumanbeings,whereasphysiognomyreferstoanartofjudgingcharacterfromcontoursoffaceitselfortheappearanceofaperson.3.WhatdoesWhitmanmeanbythetermof"theModernMan"?Hemeansthatamanshouldbefreefromanyprejudiceandpride,totallydifferentfromthetraditionalone,thatisfullofbias.(3)OCaptain!MyCaptain!1.Whyistheword"Captain"capitalizedthroughoutthepoem?Inthispoemtheword“Captain”speciallyreferstoAbrahamLincoln,presidentoftheUnitedStates.2.Whatoverallmetaphordoesthepoetemployinthispoem?Lifeisajourney.3.Whydopeopleontheshoresexultandbellsring,whilethespeakerremainssosad?Theyweletheshipreturningfromitshardtrip,whereasthespeakerissadbecausethecaptainfailstoreceivehisownhonor.3.EmilyDickinson(1)ToMakeaPrairie…1.Whatthingsareneededto"make"aprairie?Inwhatsensecanonereallydoit?Somegrassandinsectsandsmallanimals.Peoplecanmakeaprairiewiththeirimagination.2.Howcan"reveryalone"createaprairie?Theprairiestaysinone'smind.(2)SuccessIsCountedSweetest1.Whyissuccess"countedsweetestbythosewhone'ersucceed"?Thosewhohavetastedthebitternessoffailurewouldhaveakeenerdesireforsuccess.2.Whoare"thepurplehost"?Theso-calledsuccessfulpeopleintheworld.3.Whois"he"inthelaststanza?Anyonewhoispursuinghissuccess.(3)I'mNobody!1.Whoarethe"pairofus"and"they"inthispoem?The"pairofus"referstothespeakerinthepoemandthereader,and"they"referstothepublic,especiallythoseinpower.2.Whatdoes"anadmiringbog"reallymean?"(line28).ItImpliesthevainandemptymonpeople,whoarealwaysadmiringandpursuingthecelebrities.3.Whatisthethemeofthispoem?Therealadmirablelifeisasecludedandmonone.4.Doyouwanttobe"nobody"or"somebody"?Explainyourreasons.Differentpersonswouldhavedifferentanswerstothisquestion.Personally,Iprefertobenobody.Unit8MarkTwain1:WhydoyouthinkMr.Wheelerissoeagertotellthesestories?FromMr.Wheeler’sbehaviorsandcontentsofhisnarrationwecanknowheissoeagertotellthesestories.First,when"I"askedhimtotell"me"somethingaboutW.Smiley,he“backedmeintoacornerandblockadedmewithhischair,andthensatdownandreeledoffthenarrative”.Andduringtheprocessoftellinghisstories,heneverpaidanyattentiontoothers'responsetohisstoryandjustwentontellingwhatamusedhim.Atlastwhenthelistenerfeltboringandwantedtoleave,Mr.Wheelerevendidn'tnoticeitandstillaskedhimtosittherelisteningtohim.2:Doeshisaudiencesharehisenthusiasmintellingthestories?No.theaudiencedoesnotshowanyinterestinMr.Wheeler’stories.Infact,thenarratorwasveryfeverishabouthisstories,but,intheeyesofthelistener,thestorieswereveryboringandhadnothingtodowithhispreoccupation.Asaneducatedman,thelistenercouldn'tunderstandthewayoflaborersforjoy,andhewouldneverbotherhimselftounderstandit.SoafterthelongtimeofMr.Wheeler’solonarrationandwhentheaudiencegotachance,hefledaway.3:Doyouthinkthenarratorandhislistenereversuspectthepresenceofhumor?Why?Howdoyouinterprettheirinteractions?Thenarratorandhislistenernevernoticedorsuspectedthepresenceofhumor.Duringtheintercourse,thenarratorwentvigorouslyonhismonotonousnarrative"wihoutalittlesmiling"talkingabouttheanimalsandthethingslike,whilethelistenerfeltratherpuzzledorbotheredbyhisstories.Itseemedtobekindofcoarsethings.Sothetwodifferentscenesgoonseparatelywithoutaintersection.Andtheirinteractionwasapletefailureaccordingtoourmonsenseaboutmunication.ButitinthissenseproducedtheeffectofhumorwhichcanbetastedbyourreadersduetotheskillsadoptedbyMarkTwain.Unit14F·ScottFitzgerald1.DoyouthinkGatsbydeservestobecalled“thegreat”?Why?（1）IthinkitistooplicatedtosimplysayGatsbydeservestobe―great‖ornot.Foronething,Gatsbywasambitious,hardworking,generousandpassionate.HewassoextremelyloyaltohisloveandDaisythathecoulddoanythingtogetDaisyback:hedidshadybusinesstoearnmoneyandsocialposition;hethrewluxuriouspartiesjusttodrawDaisy’sattention;hecouldtaketheblameforadeaththathedidnotcause.（2）Inthisrespect,heismuch―greater‖thanhiscontemporaries.Foranotherthing,GatsbyneverrealizedthatDaisywasn’tthegirlhelovedanymore.Gatsbywassoinnocentthathestakedeverythingonhisdreams,notrealizingthathisdreamsareunworthyofhim.Hewasn’tsoberenoughtobegreat.2.Does“thegreenlight”Gatsbybelievedinexistinreality?Whyorwhynot?（1）Ithink―thegreenlight‖doesnotexistinreality.BecausethegreenlightwhichsituatedattheendofDaisy’sEastEggdockandbarelyvisiblefromWestEgglawnrepresentsGatsby’sunattainabledream.Althoughthecoloritselfcanbeseenashopeandbrightfuture,Gatsby’squestforDaisybackisdoomedtobeimpossible.Daisylivedin―amaterialworldwithoutbeingreal,wherepoorghosts,breathingdreamlikeair‖.（2）AfterfiveyearswhenGatsbymetDaisyagain,themiracleDaisyhadlostheroriginalglory.Therefore,thereisnodelayingthatGatsby’sdreamwouldnotetrue.Inthenovel,thegreenlightnotonlyrepresentsthatinnocentGatsbylookedforwardtothefuture,butalsomeanshislongingforthehistory–hishappypastwithDaisy.Thedistinctionbetweenidealandrealitywashuge.AsifAmericandreambetweengoldenpastandgoldenfuturealwayssufferedfromtherealisticbetrayalandcrush.3.WhatdoesGatsby’sSchedulerevealabouthimandhowdoesitrelatetotheAmericanDream?（1）ThescheduleisareflectionofGatsby’sdeterminationandambition.Itrevealsthatheishardonhimselfinpursuitofhisgoal—tobeanupper-classman.（2）Ononehand,wecanknowthatheispersistentinpursuinghisAmericanDream--toattainwealthandhappinessthroughhisstruggle.Ontheotherhand,heistooidealisticandnaive.（3）Hetrieshisbesttomakemoneyandlearnseverythingrequiredtobeanupper-classmansothathecangetaccesstohisbelovedgirl.Moneyisimportant，butthereareotherbarriersdifficulttopenetrate.Thegirlhelovesisasvulgarandsuperficialasothersinhercircle,sheisunabletomeetsGatsby’sromanticfantasy.Sohisdreamisdestinedtoshatter,whichindicatesthedisillusionofAmericanDream.4.Whenyoureadtheline“He(themanwithowl-eyedglasses)tookoffhisglassesandwipedthemagain,outsideandin,”whatimagesdoesitcreateinyourmind,giventhenovel’snumerousreferencestothestrikinglystrangesceneofthespectacledeyes?（1）Fromthisline,superficially,owl-eyesisapersonwiththickandblurryglasseswhocannotseeclearlyallthethingsintheworld.However,weknowheisactuallyanowl-wiseobserverandseesmoreclearlythananyoneelseinthenovel.Owl-Eyes,exceptNick,istheonlyfriendtoappearattherain-soakedburialofGatsby,whenothersareunwillingtoe.HefeelssympathyforGatsby’stragedy.（2）Afterreadingthisline,IcannothelpthinkingoftheDr.Eckleburgbillboardwithitshugeyellowspectaclesinthisnovel.Inmanyrainydays,Dr.Eckleburg’seyesarealsodimmedandseemblind.Butinfactthisisapairof"all-seeing"eyes.TheOwl-EyedManissimilartoDr.Eckleburg,sadlylookingatthepeople’slifeandidealismofthistime.Bothofthemsymbolizeanuninvolvedspectatorgod.Theywatchalltheactivitiesofthehumans.Owl-eyesistheavatarofthesightlessDr.Eckleburg.Unit16ErnestHemingway1.Howdoyouinterprettheironyofthetitleafterreadingthestory?（1）Thetitle―ACleanWell-LightedPlace‖referstothecaféinthetext.Thecaféwasverycleanandwell-lighted.Fromtheliterarymeaning,wemayfeelthisplacewasverywarmandfortable,wasaplacewherepeopleneedwarmthwantedtogo.Sotheoldman,whowasrichbutdeafandlonelycameheretofindwarmthandavoidednada.Itwastheonlyplacehecouldgoandcouldfindsomefort.（2）However,theyoungerwaiterwasveryselfish.Ashiswifewaswaitinghimonthebed,hewantedtogohomeearly.Therefore,herefusedtooffertheoldmananothercupofwinebytheexcusethatthebusinesswasfinished.Infact,therewasstillanhourfromclosingtime.Theyoungerthoughtanhourwasmoreimportanttohimthantotheoldman.Theoldmanneededtoleavetheonlyplacewherehecouldgetfarawayfromnada/nothing.Thiscaféshouldbewarmbuttheyoungerwaiterforcedthelonelyanddeaftoleavewithoutanysympathy.Thisistheironyofthetitle.2.Doyouthinkyouthandconfidencecanhelponewithstandthemetaphoricaldark？Whyorwhynot?（1）Idon’tthinkso.Inouropinion,themetaphoricaldarkmeansnada，nothinginone’sinnerheart.Inthearticle,theyoungerwaiterhadbothyouthandconfidence;however,henevermadefulluseofthem.Aswecansee,hedidn’tunderstandtheoldman’ssuicideandexcessivedrinking,andfailedtoseehistomorrowthroughtheoldman’spresentsituation.（2）What’smore,hehadnoideathatyouthisnotpermanent,whichcannotguaranteeloveandwork.Fromabove,thereisnodenyingthathedidn’trealizehisnada.Therefore,hisyouthandconfidencenevercontributedtowithstandinghismetaphoricaldark.（3）Ithinkthat,nowadays,youthandconfidencedocanhelptowithstandthemetaphoricaldark,foronecanbravelyfacetherealityandoverethenadawithyouthandconfidence.Buttheyonlyserveastwomainfactors.Infact,weneedsomeotherfactorssuchascourage,dignityandsoonifwewanttowithstandthemetaphoricaldarksuccessfully.3.Theolderwaitersaidtotheyoungerwaiter:“Weareoftwodifferentkinds.”Inwhatwaydoyouthinktheyaredifferent?（1）Ithinktheyaredifferentfromeachotherinthefollowingfouraspects：Inthebeginning,theyareindifferentages.Theolderwaiterwasinhismiddleage;whiletheotherwasmuchyounger.（2）Then,theyhavedifferentattitudestowardstheoldman.Fromthearticle,weknowtheolderwaiterhadsufferedalot.Hehadmaintainedacleanandwell-lightedplaceinhisheart,andhecouldunderstandtheoldmanandshowsympathytohim.However,theyoungmanwasveryselfish.Hewantedtogohomeearlysothathefinishedthebusinessonehourearlierandforcedtheoldmantoleave.Heshowedhatredratherthansympathytotheoldman.（3）Next,theyhavedifferentattitudestowardslife.Theolderwaiterhadadeepsenseoflife.Hewasbraveandwantedtofightagainnada.Besides,hecaredaboutothers.Theyoungeronewastotallydifferent;hehasashadowunderstandingoflife.Hesatisfiedwithhispresentloveandwork,heonlycareabouthimselfandwasreluctanttotakeothersintoconsideration.Heevenneverthoughtofhisfuture.（4）Finally,theyhavedifferentattitudestowardsnada.Theolderwaiterhadrealizedthatitisimpossibletoavoidnadainone’swholelife.Theonlythinghecandoistokeepakindofclearnessinhisownmind.Sohewaswillingtoworklateforthelonelyoldmanandwaspleasedtohelpthosewhoaresufferingnada.Butoutofyouthandconfidence,hefailedtooverenada.Onthecontrary,theyoungerwaiterhadthetwomostimportantfactorsforwithstandingnada;however,hedidn’trealizethenadainhisheartatall.Thenhisyouthandconfidencebecameuseless.Unit1720th-CenturyAmericanPoets1.EzraPoundInAStationoftheMetro1.Whydoesthepoetcallthefacesofpedestrians"apparition"?Thesepedestriansareallwalkinginahurryamidstthedrizzlingrain.2.Whatdo"petals"and"bough"standfor?Petalsrefertothefaceswhiletheboughstandsforthefloatingcrowd.2.WallaceStevensAnecdoteoftheJar1.Whatdoesthejarinpoemsymbolize?Whydoesthespeakerplaceitontopofahill?Thejarheresymbolizesacertainperspectiveonlookingatthisworld.Iftheperspectiveoftheviewingiscreativeandunique,itwillchangetheconventionalorderoftheoldworld.Whenanewperspectiveesout,itwillcertainlyholdattentionfromtherest.2.Thejaris"round"and"ofaportinair,"meaningthatithasastatelyimportance.Whateffectdoesithaveonsurroundingswhenplacedontheground?Maybetheroundjarassumestheairofadomineeringfigure,whichhelpstoformacertainorderoutofthedisorderedsurrounding.3.HowdidthewildernessofTennesseecharacterized?Whatwordsorphrasesdoesthepoetusetodescribeit?Tennesseeseemstoaplacefulloflifeandenergy.“Slovenly,”“sprawl”and“wild”aresomeofthewordsusedtodescribetheplace.(SeeAnecdoteoftheJar)4.RobertFrost(1)FireandIce1.Whatarethesymbolicmeaningsoffireinthispoem?Firesymbolizesnaturaldisaster,humanpassion,aswellaswar.2.Whydoesthespeakersaythaticeisalsogreatfordestruction?Explainwhaticestandsforhere.Ice,opposetofire,isalsoadreadfulnaturaldisasterinthisworld,andiceisalwaysrelatedtoindifference,coldness,hatred,andtheothernegativesentimentsofhumanbeings.3.Whatisyouropinionaboutfireandice?Whichoneismoredestructive?Bothfireandicecandestroythisbeautifulworldiftheyarebeyondcontrolofhumanbeings.Thereforeweshouldbeopen-mindedandreduceourprejudiceandpridesoastokeepthisworldinpeace.(2)StoppingByWoodsOnaSnowyEvening1.Inyouropinion,whatwasthereasonthatmadethespeakerstopbythewoodsonasnowyevening?Thepoetwasdeeplyattractedbythenaturalbeautyofthesceneatthatverymoment.2.Whydidthehorsegivetheharnessbellashake?Thehorsegrewimpatientbystoppinginthemiddleofthedark,coldwoodsatmidnight.Itwaseagertogohome.3.Whycouldn'tthespeakerstaylongerbythewoodstoappreciateitsmysteriousbeauty?Herealizedthatitwaslateatnightandhewouldhavetohurryhometogetsomefoodandsleep,becausethenextmorninghewouldhavealotofworktodo.4.Whatistheeffectofrepetitioninthelasttwolines?Therefrain-likerepetitioninthelasttwolinesremindsthereaderasimplefactoflife:whateverhappens,onemustgoforwardinthejourneyofhisorherlife.(3)TheRoadNotTaken1.Whatisthespeaker'sinitialresponsetothedivergenceofthetworoads?Thespeakerisatalosswhichroadheshouldchoose,andhefeelssorrythathecannotexplorebothroadsatthesametime.2.Describethesimilaritiesanddifferencesofthesetworoads.Whichonedoesthespeakertake?Tworoadsaresimilarexceptoneofthemismore“grassy,”whichimpliesthatitislesstraveledbypeople.Thespeakerprefersthelesstraveledone,becausehelikesadventure.3.Whatmightthetworoadsstandforinthespeaker'smind?Oneroadstandsforthetraditionaloneandtheotherisunconventionaloneandfullofchallengesanddifficulties.Tofollowotherpeople'sfootstepsortoopenanewroadforhimselfisreallynotaneasydecisionforustomakeinourlives.Unit22AllenGinsbergAllthroughthepoem,thespeakerisaddressingtoWaltWhitman.IsthispoemaboutWaltWhitmanoraboutmodernAmerica?fromAllenGinsbergASupermarketinCaliforniaTheauthorinthispoemwantedtoemphasishi