歷年英語四級作文范文及翻譯

歷年英語四級作文范文及翻譯第1篇歷年英語四級作文范文及翻譯第1篇就業(yè)與失業(yè)employmentandunemployment

誠信/不誠實honestyanddishonesty

自助者天助之Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.

充分準備full/adequatepreparation

追求&收獲pursuits&rewards

有志者事竟成。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

適應(yīng)社會發(fā)展adapttothesocialdevelopment

終身學習life-long/life-timestudy

理論與實踐theoryandpractice

為人師表tobeamodel

學業(yè)成就academicachievement

課外活動extracurricularactivity

課程表curriculumschedule

必修課compulsorycourse

選修課elective/optional/selectivecourses

學生會theStudents’Union=theStudentUnion

名牌大學prestigiousuniversity

以上內(nèi)容來自考蟲

歷年英語四級作文范文及翻譯第2篇聊聊關(guān)于數(shù)字的翻譯，四六級幾乎每詞都會出現(xiàn)。因此，請轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)留存，盡快學習！要搞定數(shù)字的翻譯，首先你要從個位起，每隔3位加個“,”然后還得知道5個基本詞

↓↓↓

百=hundred

千=thousand

百萬=million

十億=billion

萬億=trillion

接下來是最簡單的整數(shù)↓

100=onehundred

第一個逗號前的數(shù)字讀成thousand

1,000=onethousand

10,000=tenthousand（1萬=10千）

100,000=onehundredthousand（10萬=100個千）

第二個逗號前的數(shù)字讀成million

1,000,000=onemillion

10,000,000=tenmillion（1千萬=10個百萬）

100,000,000=onehundredmillion（1億=100個百萬）

第三個逗號前的數(shù)字讀成billion

1,000,000,000=onebillion

第四個逗號前的數(shù)字讀成trillion

1,000,000,000,000=onetrillion

先問個簡單的→200的英文？

200=twohundred，hundred用單數(shù)，別問為啥，這是規(guī)則~~

同理，300=threehundred，4,000=fourthousand，五百萬=fivemillion，80億=eightbillion。

綜上可知，億的正確英文說法是billion，億≠billion！

記好了，當說到具體數(shù)字時，hundred/thousand/million/billion統(tǒng)統(tǒng)都用單數(shù)！?。?/p>

再問一下，“幾百”的英文怎么說？

幾百=hundredsof，你沒看錯，這里hundreds用復(fù)數(shù)啦！這也是規(guī)則，不是具體數(shù)字反而用復(fù)數(shù)。

同理，幾千=thousandsof，更猛的是hundredsofthousandsof=幾十萬、很多很多的。

天底下哪有那么多整數(shù)給咱們數(shù)啊，所以還得會數(shù)整數(shù)的零頭對不？你知道222的英文嗎？

222=twohundredandtwenty-two。記住一條，數(shù)數(shù)時有且只有hundred后面跟and?。?！

1234=onethousand,twohundredandthirty-four。

終極一問：123,456,789的英文？

123,456,789=onehundredandtwenty-threemillion,fourhundredandfifty-sixthousand,sevenhundredandeighty-nine.

答出來且答對的童鞋給自己鼓鼓掌！

◆◆◆◆◆

“我們每天的生活都離不開數(shù)字，下面我們再講幾種常用的數(shù)字相關(guān)口語?！?/p>

時刻

1.表示整點用基數(shù)詞加可以省略的o'clock

5:00讀作fiveo'clock或five

2.表示幾點過幾分，在分鐘后加past，再加小時

7:05fivepastseven

6:30halfpastsix

8:15aquarterpasteight

3.表示幾點差幾分，在分鐘后面加to，再加小時

7：50=差十分八點=tentoeight

11:45=差一刻十二點=aquartertotwelve

5:40=差二十分六點=twentytosix

在日常生活中，常用以小時、分鐘為單位分別讀出數(shù)字的方法表示時間。

06:31讀作sixthirty-one

10:26讀作tentwenty-six

14:03讀作fourteenothree

16:15讀作sixteenfifteen

18:35讀作eighteenthirty-five

紀年

世紀可以用定冠詞加序數(shù)詞加世紀century表示，也可以用定冠詞加百位進數(shù)加s表示。

theeighteenth（18th）century公元十八世紀

the1900s二十世紀

the1600s十七世紀

這里，用百位數(shù)整數(shù)表示的世紀比這一百位阿拉伯數(shù)字本身多一個世紀。

年代用定冠詞及基數(shù)詞表示的世紀加十位整數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式構(gòu)成。

inthe1930s（inthethirtiesofthetwentiethcentury或inthenineteenthirties）在二十世紀三十年代

inthe1860s（inthesixtiesofthe19thcentury或intheeighteensixties）在十九世紀六十年代

年份一般寫為阿拉伯數(shù)字，讀時可以以hundred為單位，也可以以世紀、年代為單位分別來讀。

1902讀作nineteenhundredandtwo或nineteenotwo

1949讀作nineteenhundredandforty-nine或nineteenforty-nine

1800讀作eighteenhundred

253讀作twohundredandfifty-three或twofifty-three

分數(shù)

分數(shù)是由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞一起來表示的。基數(shù)詞作分子，序數(shù)詞作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其它情況下序數(shù)詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

1/2讀作ahalf

1/3讀作onethird或athird

1/4讀作onequarter或aquarter

3/4讀作threefourths或threequarters

11/2讀作oneandahalf

31/4讀作threeandonefourth或threeandonequarter

小數(shù)

小數(shù)用基數(shù)詞來表示，以小數(shù)點為界，小數(shù)點左首的數(shù)字為一個單位，表示整數(shù)，數(shù)字合起來讀。

小數(shù)點右首的數(shù)字為一個單位，表示小數(shù)，數(shù)字分開來讀；小數(shù)點讀作point，o讀作zero或o[?u]。整數(shù)部分為零時，可以省略不讀。

讀作zeropointfour或pointfour

讀作tenpointtwothree

讀作twenty-fivepointsixseven

讀作onepointothree

電話號碼

1.讀電話號碼通常是以三位數(shù)或是四位數(shù)為單位連著念的。

如：189-234-5670讀作oneeightnine,twothreefour,fivesixseveno

2.可一個數(shù)字一個數(shù)字的單念，也可以兩個數(shù)字為一個單位。

如:1212讀作onetwoonetwo或者是twelvetwelve

3.兩個相同數(shù)字相鄰，可用“double+數(shù)字”代替。

如：876-5544讀作eightsevensix,doublefive,doublefour

而三個相鄰的數(shù)字，可用“triple+數(shù)字”代替。

如：999-8765讀作triplenine,eightsevensixfive

歷年英語四級作文范文及翻譯第3篇LearningisadailyexperienceandalifetimemissionRecently,whathasbecomeaheatedsocialtopicislifelonglearning.Viewsonthatvaryfrompersontoperson,whileIthinklearningneedscontinuousaccumulationafterwehaverecognizedtheuncoveredmeaningoflearning.

Firstofall,whatislearning?Itisrevealedasaprocessofgainingknowledgeinthedictionary;actually,thisprocessisacknowledgedasacquiringacademicknowledge,practicallivingskillsaswellaslifeexperiencebyme.However,inpractice,wehaveneverfailedtoabsorbenormousknowledgeeverydaywhich,tosomeextent,isbeyondourcomprehension.Thatistosay,digestingthoseknowledgeaswellasmakingthebestuseofitwillundoubtedlytakesometime.Therefore,lifelonglearningconsistsofdailyprogress.Moreover,itkeepsusrefreshingandenrichourmindastimepassesby.

Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove,learningisundeniablyalifetimemissionwhichdemandsdailyaccumulationandisofgreatimportance.

——英語四級12月作文真題(菁選2篇)

歷年英語四級作文范文及翻譯第4篇四級翻譯預(yù)測之：漢服

【漢語原文】

在過去幾十年里，隨著中國經(jīng)濟繁榮發(fā)展，中國人接受了西方的時尚和先進的未來技術(shù)，但是越來越多年輕人開始在穿著打扮上追求復(fù)古，穿起了傳統(tǒng)的漢服。漢服這種歷史服飾正迎來復(fù)興，這在一定程度上是因為政府致力于推廣傳統(tǒng)文化。在清明節(jié)、中秋節(jié)等中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日和正式場合，年輕人穿上漢服。有一次，在西安城墻上，一百多對新人穿著漢服，按照古老的詔書(edict)舉行婚禮。

【參考譯文】

AsChina'seconomyboomedinrecentdecades,ChinahasembracedWesternfashionandfuturistictechnology,butagrowingnumberofyoungpeoplearelookingtothepastfortheirsartorialchoicesanddonningtraditional^v^Hanfu^v^or^v^Hanclothing^v^.ThesehistoriccostumesoftheHanethnicmajorityareenjoyingarenaissanceinpartbecausethegovernmentispromotingtraditionalculture.OntraditionalChinesefestivalssuchasTombSweepingDayandMid-autumnFestivalandformaloccasions,youngpeopleputontheirHanfu.Once,ontopofXi'anCityWall,morethanonehundredcouplesgotmarriedinaceremonyaccordingtoancientedictswearingHanfu.

【相關(guān)詞匯】

boomv.繁榮；興盛

embracev.擁抱；欣然接受

futuristicadj.極其新潮的

looktosth注意

sartorialadj.衣服相關(guān)的

donv.穿上

costumen.服裝；戲裝

renaissancen.復(fù)興

TombSweepingDay清明節(jié)

Mid-autumnFestival中秋節(jié)

ceremonyn.儀式

edictn.詔書；法令

歷年英語四級作文范文及翻譯第5篇Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourschoolteachersuponenteringcollege.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

參考范文：

Dearsir,

IamwritingtoyoutoexpressmythanksforyourhelpinlearningEnglish.

YouareoneofthebestteacherswhoIhaveevermet.TherearemanygoodpointsthatIlearnfromyou.

Duringthesedaysinyourclass,Ihaveacquiredmuchknowledgefromyouanditreallyhelpsmealot.

Firstly,youletmeknowwhatthewestthinkingpatternis-straightthinkingpattern.AsanEnglishlearner,itisimportantformetounderstandthedifferencebetweenthem.

Thereisnodenyingthefactthatthiscanhelpmewithmyexaminationandinteractionwithforeigners.What'smore,I’mgladtobeyourstudent,andIamveryhappytolearnthecourseunderyourguidance.Englishisanimportanttool,throughwhichwecanshareourexperiencewiththeworld.ItreasurethechanceoflearningEnglish,andIenjoythehappinessfromyourcourse.

Thelastnottheleast,pleaseforgivethosemistakesIhavemadewhichmayupsetyou.WhatIhavelearnedfromyouwillhelpmepassthecomingexaminationsandalsobeusefulformyfurthereducationinabroad.Itisnotonlyaprogressoflearning,butalsoacultivationofmyability.

Mayeverythinggowellaroundyou.

Yourstudent,

Liling

歷年英語四級作文范文及翻譯第6篇第一個，這門課的內(nèi)容要寫出來，比如印象最深的課是英語課，或者印象最深的課“如何做公眾演說”，你得把這個課程的內(nèi)容描述出來，把它的第一點、第二點、第三點，甚至上課的形式，這就是描述。

最后你要做一個論述，說這門課對我產(chǎn)生的影響，以及未來我怎么對待它，這些都需要寫。

Duringthetwoyearsofcollegelife,Ihaveattendedmanyspecialcourses,amongwhichthemostimpressedoneispsychology.IstillrememberedthedayswhenIwasfedupwithmymajorMath,whichfrustratedmesomuch.TillIfortunatelyselectoneofthemostfascinatingoptionalcourseslecturedbyProfessorWang.

TimegonebacktothefirstclassofMr.Wang,Ifoundalittleoldmancameintheclassroomwithathickbookofpsychology.Mysteriously,IfirstunveiledandexploredthemythwithinitbythevividdemonstrationofMr.Wang,andbecamefascinatedwiththiscourse.Inthefollowingdays,itenclosedanassortedofpsychologicalphenomenonreflectedinordinarypeople’sdailylivesbyillustratingexamplesinreality.

Tobefrank,itisthepsychologyclassthatenlightensmysoulofexploringtheunknownworldandstimulatemydesiretolearn.Anditisnosurprisetosaythatpsychologyisthemostimpressingcourseformeincollege.

歷年英語四級作文范文及翻譯第7篇◆任務(wù)一：短文朗讀

短文：Environment

◆任務(wù)二：簡短回答問題：

1.文章中有哪些保護環(huán)境的措施?

2.在大學如何保護環(huán)境;

◆任務(wù)三：個人陳述

Yourchiefconsiderationabouttravelingoverseas

◆任務(wù)四：兩人互動

環(huán)保：

thepurposeofrecyclingcampaign

waystopromotethecampaign

howtorecruitvolunteers

遇到緊急情況怎么辦

歷年英語四級作文范文及翻譯第8篇PartIWriting(30minutes)

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesaying“Learningisadailyexperienceandlifetimemission.”Youcanciteexamplestoillustratetheimportanceoflifelonglearning.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

A)Theyadmirethecourageofspaceexplorers.

B)Theyenjoyedthemovieonspaceexploration.

C)Theyweregoingtowatchawonderfulmovie.

D)Theylikedoingscientificexplorationverymuch.

2.A)Atagiftshop.

B)Atagraduationceremony.

C)Intheofficeofatravelagency.

D)Inaschoollibrary.

3.A)Heusedtoworkintheartgallery.

B)Hedoesnothaveagoodmemory.

C)Hedeclinedajobofferformtheartgallery.

D)Heisnotinterestedinanypart-timejobs.

)Susanhasbeeninvitedtogivealecturetomorrow.

B)Hewillgotothebirthdaypartyafterthelecture.

C)Thewomanshouldhaveinformedhimearlier.

D)Hewillbeunabletoattendthebirthdayparty.

)Rewardthosehavingmadegoodprogress.

B)Setadeadlineforthestafftomeet.

C)Assignmoreworkerstotheproject.

D)Encouragethestafftoworkinsmallgroups.

6.A)Thewaytothevisitor’sparking.

B)TherateforparkinginLotC.

C)Howfarawaytheparkinglotis.

D)Whereshecanleavehercar.

7.A)Heregretsmissingtheclasses.

B)Heplanstotakethefitnessclasses.

C)Heislookingforwardtoabetterlife.

D)Hehasbenefitedformexercise.

)Howto?workefficiency.

B)Howtoselectsecretaries.

C)Theresponsibilitiesofsecretaries.

D)Thesecretariesintheman’scompany.

ConversationOne

Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

)ItismoredifficulttolearnthanEnglish.

B)ItisusedbymorepeoplethanEnglish.

C)ItwillbeascommonlyusedasEnglish.

D)Itwilleventuallybecomeaworldlanguage.

)Ithaswordswordsfrommanylanguages,

B)Itspopularitywiththecommonpeople.

C)TheinfluenceoftheBritishEmpire.

D)TheeffectoftheIndustrialRevolution.

)Itincludesalotofwordsformotherlanguages.

B)Ithasagrowingnumberofnewlycoinedwords,

C)Itcanbeeasilypickedupbyoverseastravelers.

D)Itisthelargestamongalllanguagesintheworld.

Conversation2

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

)Toreturnsomegoods.

B)Toap*forajob.

C)Toplaceanorder.

D)Tomakeacomplaint.

13.A)Hehasbecomesomewhatimpatientwiththewoman.

B)Heisnotfamiliarwiththeexactdetailsofgoods.

C)Hehasnotworkedinthesalesdepartmentforlong.

D)Heworksonapart-timebasisforthecompany.

14.A)Itisnothisresponsibility.

B)Itwillbefreeforlargeorders.

C)Itcosts15moreforexpressdelivery.

D)Itdependsonanumberoffactors.

)Reporttheinformationtohersuperior.

B)Payavisittothesaleswomanincharge.

C)Ringbackwhenshecomestoadecision.

D)Makeinquirieswithsomeothercompanies.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Nooneknowsexactlywheretheywere？

B)Nooneknowsforsurewhenthycameintobeing.

C)Nooneknowsforwhatpurposetheywere？

D)Nooneknowswhattheywill？

17.A)Carryropesacrossrivers.

B)Measurethespeedofwind.

C)Passonsecretmessages.

D)Givewarningsofdanger.

18.A)Toprotecthousesagainstlightning.

B)Totesttheeffectsofthelightningrod.

C)Tofindoutthestrengthofsilkforkites.

D)Toprovethelightningiselectricity.

PassageTwo

Questions19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

)Sheenjoysteachinglanguages.

B)Shecanspeakseverallanguages.

C)Shewastrainedtobeaninterpreter.

D)Shewasbornwithatalentforlanguages.

20.A)Theyacquireanimmunitytocultureshock.

B)Theywouldliketoliveabroadpermanently.

C)Theywanttolearnasmanyforeignlanguagesaspossible.

D)Theyhaveanintenseinterestincross-culturalinteractions.

)Shebecameanexpertinhorseracing.

B)ShegotachancetovisitseveralEuropeancountries.

C)ShewasabletotranslateforaGermansportsjudge.

D)Shelearnedtoappreciateclassicalmusic.

22.A)Tastethebeefandgivehercomment.

B)Takepartinacookingcompetition.

C)Teachvocabularyforfoodin?

D)Givecookinglessonson？

PassageThree

Questions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

23.A)Hehadonlyathird-gradeeducation.

B)Heoncethreatenedtokillhisteacher.

C)Hegrewupinapoor？

D)Heoftenhelpedhis？

)Careless.

B)Stupid.

C)Brave.

D)Active.

)Writetwobookreportsaweek.

B)Keepadiary.

C)Helpwithhousework.

D)Watcheducation??

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

Whenyoulookupatthenightsky,whatdoyousee?Thereareotherbodiesouttherebesidesthemoonandstars.Oneofthemostofthisisacomet.Cometswereformedaroundthesametheearthwasformed.Theyaremadeupoficeandotherfrozenliquidsandgasses.thesedirtysnowballsbegintoorbitthesunjustastheplanetsdo.Asacometgetsclosertothesun,somegassesinitbegintounfreeze.Theycombinewithdustparticlesfromthecomettoformahugecloud.Asthecometgetsevennearertothesunandsolarwindblowsthecloudbehindthecometthusformingitstail.Thetailandgenerallyfuzzyatmospherearoundthecometarethatcanhelpthisphenomenoninthenightsky.Inanygivenyear，aboutdozenknowncometscomeclosetothesunintheirorbits.Theaveragepersoncan’tseethemallofcourse.Usuallythereisonlyoneortwoayearbrightenoughtobeseenwiththe_________eye.CometHale-Boppdiscoveredin1995wasanunusuallybrightcomet.Itsorbitboughtit_________totheearthwithin122millionmilesofit.ButHale-Boppcamealongwayonitsearthlyvisit.Itwon’tbebackforanother4thousandyearsorso.

PartШReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiven

inawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

FormanyAmericans,2013endedwithanunusuallybittercoldspell.NovemberandDecember36earlysnowandbone-chillingtemperaturesinmuchofthecountry,partofayearwhen,forthefirsttimeintwo37,record-colddayswilllikelyturnouttohaveoutnumberedrecord-warmones.Butthe.wastheexception;Novemberwasthewarmestever38,andcurrentdataindicatesthat2013islikelytohavebeenthefourthhottestyearonrecord.

Enjoythesnownow,because39aregoodthat2014willbeevenhotter,perhapsthehottestyearsincerecordshavebeenkept.That’sbecause,scientistsarepredicting,2014willbeanEINiuoyear.

EIniuo,Spanishfor“thechild”,40whensurfaceoceanwatersinthesouthernPacificbecomeabnormallywarm.SolargeisthePacific,covering30%oftheplanet’ssurface,thatthe41energygeneratedbyitswarmingisenoughtotouchoffaseriesofweatherchangesaroundtheworld.EINinosare42withabnormallydryconditionsinSoutheastAsiaandAustralia.TheycanleadtoextremeraininpartsofNorthandSouthAmerica,evenassouthernAfrica43dryweather.Marinelifemaybeaffectedtoo;EINinoscan44therisingofthecold,nutrient-rich(營養(yǎng)豐富的')waterthatsupportslargefish45,andtheunusuallywarmoceantemperaturescandestroycoral(珊瑚).

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

ThePerfectEssay

A)Lookingbackontoomanyyearsofeducation,Icanidentifyonetrulyimpossibleteacher.Shecaredaboutme,andmyintellectuallife,evenwhenIdidn’t.Herexpectationswerehigh—impossiblyso.ShewasanEnglishteacher.Shewasalsomymother.

B)Whengoodstudentsturninanessay,theydreamoftheirinstructorreturningittotheminexactlythesamecondition,saveforasinglewordaddedinthemarginofthefinalpage.“Flawless.”Thisdreamcametrueformeoneafternoonintheninthgrade.Ofcourse,Ihadheardthatgeniuscouldshowitselfatanearlyage,soIwasonlyslightlytakenabackthatIhadachievedperfectionatthetenderageof14.Obviously,Ididwhatandprofessionalwriterwoulddo;Ihurriedofftospreadthegoodnews.Ididn’tgetveryfar.ThefirstpersonItoldwasmymother.

C)Mymother,whoisjustshyoffivefeettall,isnormallyincrediblysoft-spoken,butontherareoccasionwhenshegotangry,shewasterrifying.Iamnotsureifshewasmoreupsetbymyhubris(得意忘形)orbythefactthatmyEnglishteacherhadletmyegogetsooutofhand.Inandevent.Mymotherandherredpenshowedmehowdee*flawedaflawlessessaycouldbe.Atthetime,Iamsureshethoughtshewasteachingmeaboutmechanics,transitions(過渡),structure,styleandvoice.ButwhatIlearned,andwhatstuckwithmethroughmytimeteachingwritingatHarvard,wasadeeperlessonaboutthenatureofcreativecriticism.

D)Firstoff,ithurts.Genuinecriticism,thetypethatleavesalastingmarkonyouasawriter,alsoleavesanexistentialimprint(印記)onyouasaperson.Ihaveheardpeoplesaythatawritershouldnevertakecriticismpersonally.Isaythatweshouldneverlistentothesepeople.

E)Criticism,atitsbest,isdee*personal,andgetstotheheartofwhywewritethewaywedo.Theintimatenatureofgenuinecriticismimpliessomethingaboutwhoisabletogiveit,namely,someonewhoknowsyouwellenoughtoshowyouhowyourmentallifeisgettinginthewayofgoodwriting.Conveniently,theyarealsothepeoplewhocareenoughtoseeyouthroughthispainfulrealization.Formeittooktheformofmyfirst,andIhopeonly,encounterwithwriter’sblock—Iwasnotabletoproduceanythingforthreeyears.

F)FranzKafkaoncesaid;“Writingisuttersolitude(獨處),thedescentintothecoldabyss(深淵)ofoneself.”Mymother’scriticismhadshownmethatKafkaisrightaboutthecoldabyss,andwhenyoumaketheintrospective(內(nèi)省的)descentthatwritingrequiresyouarenotalwayspleasedbywhatyoufind.But,intheyearsthatfollowed,hersustainedtutoringsuggestedthatKafkamightbewrongaboutthesolitude,Iwasluckyenoughtofindacriticandteacherwhowaswillingtomakethejourneyofwritingwithme.“Itisathingofnogreatdifficulty.”accordingtoPlutarch,“toraiseobjectionsagainstanotherman’sspeech.itisaveryeasymatter,buttoproduceabetterinitsplaceisaworkextremelytroublesome.”IamsureIwroteessaysinthelateryearsofhighschoolwithoutmymother’sguidance,butIcan’trecallthem.WhatIremember,however,ishowshetookupthe“extremelytroublesome”workofongoingcriticism.

G)TherearetwowaystointerpretPlutarchwhenhesuggeststhatacriticshouldbeabletoproduce“abetterinitsplace.”Inastraightforwardsense,hecouldmeanthatacriticmustbemoretalentedthantheartistshecritiques(評論).Mymotherwaswellcoveredonthiscount.ButperhapsPlutarchissuggestingsomethingslightlydifferent,somethingabitclosertoMarcusCicero’sclaimthatoneshould“criticizebycreation,notbyfindingfault.”Genuinecriticismcreatesapreciousopeningforanauthortobecomebetteronhisownterms—aprocessthatisoftenextremelypainful,butalsoalmostalwaysmeaningful.

H)Mymothersaidshewouldhelpmewithmywriting,butfirstIhadtohelpmyself.Foreachassignment,IwastowritethebestessayIcould.Realcriticismisnotmeanttofindobviousmistakes,soifshefoundany—thetypeIcouldhavefoundonmyown—Ihadtostartfromscratch.Fromscratch.Oncetheessaywas“flawless,”shewouldtakeaneveningtowalkmethroughmyerrors.Thatwaswhentruecriticism,thetypethatchangedmeasaperson,began.

I)ShecriticizedmewhenIincludedlittle-knownreferencesandprofessionaljargon(行話).Shehadnopatienceforbrilliantbutirrelevantfiguresofspeech.“Writerscan’tbluff(虛張聲勢)theirwaythroughignorance.”Thatwasnewstome—Iwouldneedtofindanotherwaytostructuremydailyexistence.

J)Shetrimmedbackmyflowerylanguage,drewlinesthroughmyexclamationmarksandarguedforthevalueofrestraintinexpression.“John,”shealmostwhispered.Ileanedintohearher:“Ican’thearyouwhenyoushoutatme.”SoIstoppedshoutingandbluffing,andslowlymywritingimproved.

K)SomewherealongthewayIsetasidemyhopesofwritingthatflawlessessay.ButperhapsImissedsomethingimportantinmymother’slessonsaboutcreativityandperfection.Perhapsthepointofwrithingtheflawlessessaywasnottogiveup,buttoneverwillinglyfinish.Whitmanrepeatedlyreworked“songofMyself”between1855and1891.Repeatedly.Wedoourabsolutebestwithapieceofwriting,andcomeascloseaswecantotheideal.And,forthetimebeing,wesettle.Incritique,however,weareforcedtodepart,togiveuptheperfectionwethoughtwehadachievedforthechanceofbeingevenalittlebitbetter.ThisisthelessonItookfrommymother:Ifperfectionwerepossible,itwouldnotbemotivating.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

46.Theauthorwasadvisedagainsttheimproperuseoffiguresofspeech.

47.Theauthor’smothertaughthimavaluablelessonbypointingoutlotsofflawsinhisseeminglyperfectessay.

48.Awritershouldpolishhiswritingrepeatedlysoastogetclosertoperfection.

49.Writersmayexperienceperiodsoftimeintheirlifewhentheyjustcan’tproduceanything.

50.Theauthorwasnotmuchsurprisedwhenhisschoolteachermarkedhisessayas“flawless”.

51.Criticizingsomeone’sspeechissaidtobeeasierthancomingupwithabetterone.

52.Theauthorlooksuponhismotherashismostdemandingandcaringinstructor.

53.Thecriticismtheauthorreceivedfromhismotherchangedhisasaperson.

54.Theauthorgraduallyimprovedhiswritingbyavoidingfancylanguage.

55.Constructivecriticismgivesanauthoragoodstarttoimprovehiswriting.

SectionC

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thewalletisheadingforextinction.Asaday-to-dayessential,itwilldieoffwiththegenerationwhoreadprintnewspapers.Thekindofshopping-whereyouhandovernotesandcountoutchangeinreturn—nowhappensonlyinthemostminorofourretailencounters，likebuyingabarofchocolateorapintofmilkfromacomershop.Attheshopswhereyouspendanyrealmoney,thatmoneyisincreasinglyabstracted.Andthisismoreandmoretrue,thehigherupthescaleyougo.Atthemostcutting-edgeretailstores—VictoriaBeckhamonDoverStreet,forinstance—youdon’tgoandstandatanykindofcashregisterwhenyoudecidetopay.ThestaffareequippedwithiPadstotakeyourpaymentwhileyourelaxonasofa.

Whichisnothingmoreorlessthanexcellentservice,ifyouhavethemoney.Butacrosssociety,theabstractionoftheideaofcashmakesmeuneasy.MaybeI’mjustold-fashioned.Butearningmoneyisn’tquickoreasyformostofus.Isn’titabitweirdthatspendingitshouldhappeninhalfablink(眨眼)ofaneye?Doesn’tawallet—thattime-honouredFriday-nightfeelingofpleasing,promisingfatness—representsomethingthat*?

ButI’llleavetheeconomicstotheexperts.Whatbothersmeaboutthedeathofthewalletisthechangeitrepresentsinourphysicalenvironment.Everythingaboutthelookandfeelofawallet—thewaythefasteningsandmaterialswearandtearandloosenwithage,theplasticandpaperandgoldandsilver,andhandwrittenphonenumbersandprintedcinematickets—istheveryoppositeofwhatourworldisbecoming.TheoppositeofawalletisasmartphoneofaniPad.Theroundededges,coolglass,smoothandunknowableaspebble(鵝卵石).Insteadofdiggingthroughpiecesofpaperandpeeringintocorners,wemoveourfingersleftandright.Nomorecountingoutcoins.Showyourwallet,ifyoustillhaveone.Itmaynotbeheremuchlonger.

56.Whatishappeningtothewallet?

A)Itisdisappearing.

C)itisbecomingcostly.

B)Itisbeingfattened.

D)Itischanginginstyle.

57.Howarebusinesstransactionsdoneinbigmodernstores?

A)Individually.

C)Intheabstract.

B)Electronically.

D)Viaacashregister.

58.Whatmakestheauthorfeeluncomfortablenowadays?

A)Savingmoneyisbecomingathingofthepast.

B)ThepleasingFriday-nightfeeling