介詞-2020-2021學(xué)年高中英語語法記憶框架版

介詞分詞concerning,considering,given,including,regarding,etc.

一.概述

介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞、詞與句之間的關(guān)系的虛詞，在句中不能單獨(dú)作句子由其他詞類形容詞或副詞like,near,opposite,round,next,etc.

成分。介詞后面一般有名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類，短語或從句作它的賓語。轉(zhuǎn)用連詞than,but（除...之外）,etc.

介詞和它的賓語構(gòu)成介詞詞組，在句中作狀語、表語、定語或賓語補(bǔ)足語。介詞可分名詞despite（不顧；不管）,etc.

為時間介詞、地點(diǎn)介詞、方式介詞、原因介詞和其他介詞。、

①Nothingintheworldcouldlivewithoutairorwater.（狀語）

②Thismachineisingoodcondition.（表語）三.一些常用介詞的基本用法

③Whereisthekeytomybike?（兔語）attheseaside;atmyuncle's;atOxford.

?Shealwaysthinksherselfaboveothers.（賓補(bǔ)）位置、場所、地點(diǎn)］在、于、至4、atthefoot[top]ofthemountain;atadistance;

經(jīng)由attheendofthestreet在街頭

二.介詞的分類atthemeeting;atthewedding

（1）從用法分類atteno'clock；at（theageof）forty；

；

介詞類型例詞例句在某時間:時刻、年節(jié)、年齡atthebeginningofthemonthatChristmas;

atdawn;atdaybreak;atnoon;atnight;at

表示方位at,before,behind,below,etc.Theremustbesomethingbehindit.

midnight

表示時間about,after,al,before,by,etc.Hecamehomeafter3days.［條件、情況、狀態(tài)］在…中，在…atwar：atyourconvenience：atthework;

表示原因、目的for,with,from,etc.Hediedfromcancer.下，以…方式atyourpleasure隨處方便，由你決定

athighpressure在高壓下

表示對于to,for,over,at,with,etc.Thebookisreallydifficultforme.向，對（表示動作的方向或目標(biāo)）Iwishyou'dcomeandlookatmydrawing.

1.OldMr.Smithstaredathisyoungestson.

by,in,with,etc.Iwilldefendthemotherlandwithmylife.

表示手段、方式at為，對于（表示引起某種情緒的Helookedsurprisedatseeingus.

but,besides,except,etc.WeallwenttothesupermarketexceptTom.原因）Hewasveryangryatlosingthegame.

表示除去Ihadasmallroom,atacostoffifteencentsper

表示比較as,like,above,over,than,etc.Theyunitedasoneman.表示價格，數(shù)量，速度等night.

Hesellstheclothaladollarameter.

表示結(jié)果to,with,without,etc.Mancan'tlivewithoutwater.Thecarisrunningatitstopspeed.

在某方面Sheisquitecleveratdrawing.

Heisanexpertatrepairing.

（2）從結(jié)構(gòu)分類

atamouthful一□（就吞下）ateverystep每走一步

介詞分類構(gòu)成例詞1動作的姿態(tài)，常不譯出］以，用

after,at,on,in,during,since,till,across,over,through,past,atatime一次；not...atall;atallcosts不惜一切代

只有單獨(dú)一個near,to,above,by,for,down,from,of,off,behind,below,

簡單介詞價;atanyrate不管怎樣;atfirstsight乍一看;

詞的介詞beneath,beside,between,beyond,up,with,about,against,atheart在內(nèi)心里；atlast;atleast;atmost;

along,among,around,etc.atonce馬上，立亥U;atpresent目前，現(xiàn)在；

詞組或固定搭配

由兩個單詞into,inside,onto,outside,throughout,towards,upon,within,atthesametime同時；

合成介詞

合成M介詞without,etc.atthetopofone'svoice高聲地；

attimes有時候，間或;atwork在工作，起作用；

accordingto,awayfrom,downto,insideof,nearto,opposite

形容詞，分詞atworst在最壞情況下

或副詞+介詞to,owingto,etc.

短語介詞

連詞+介詞asfor,asto,becauseof,etc.關(guān)于Whatareyoutalkingabout?

Ireadaboutitintoday'snewspaper.

介詞+介詞（又fromamong,frombehind,fromunder,tillafter,inbetween,

在…周圍，圍繞Therewasawhitefenceaboutthehouse.

稱雙重介詞）etc.

Iwentcloser,andheputhisarmsaboutme.

介詞+名詞+介bymeansof,infrontof,inspiteof,onaccountof,with2..在…范圍內(nèi)，到AfterteaIwanderedaloneaboutthetown.

詞regardto,etc.about處HewalkedfbrthreehoursabouttheLondonstreet.

其他thanksto,etc.在…附近，在身邊Thestreetsabouttheparkareveryclean.

Shelikestohaveherchildrenabouther.8.在…中間，Thegreatleaderpreferstoliveamongtheworkingpeople.

amongDividethemoneyamongthesixofyou.

在身上，Doyouhavetwohundredyuanaboutyou?

1happentohaveapencilaboutme.Thetownliesamongthemountains.

seeabout負(fù)責(zé)處理；setabout開始著手做某事在…當(dāng)中，是…中間Shelleyisamongtheworld'sgreatestpoets.

詞組或固定搭配

whatabout;howabout;beabout的一個Parisisamongthelargestcitiesintheworld.

（和反身代詞等連用）Thethreeboysdiscussedthematteramongthemselves.

（指時間）在…之后Whatshallwedoaftergraduation?

AftersendingthatletterIrealizedhowstupidIwas.相互間，共同，一起Amongthem,theycollectedoverahundredpounds.

3.

（指空間）在…后面Heenteredtheroomafterhisfather.

afterHecalledaftermethreeorfourtimes.在…的周圍Therewasafencearoundtheyard.

模仿：依照Pleasereadafterme.9.環(huán)繞Theywalkedaroundthetown.

以…命名Theboywasnamedafterhisuncle.aroudaround20people大約20A

afterall畢竟,究竟；afterdark天黑之后;beafter想得到，大約，左右comearoundfour大約在4點(diǎn)鐘來

尋求，追求；追求，設(shè)法得到；照顧，照Therearearound80pyramidsinEgypt.

詞組或固定搭配goafterlookafter

看；

一個接一個地

oneafteranother在…前面Hesatbeforethefiretowarmherself.

Iwillnothaveyoutalkingthatwaybeforethechildren.

10.

.在…上方Themoonwasnowabovethetreesintheeast.Itbegantorainjustbeforemidnight.

before

Theshelfshouldbesixfeetabovethelevelofthefloor.在…以前HehadcometoEuropebeforetheoutbreakofthewar.

4.Hewaitedalittlewhilebeforemakinguphismind.

在...之上，比…Thetemperaturewasonlyadegreeabovezero.

above高于，起過Heisaheadaboveme.Beforeentering.Holmesmadeanexaminationofthedoor.

不久；提前，早

Above200peopleweretherewhenthefirebrokeout.詞組或固定搭配beforelonglongbefdre;befbre(one's)time

Allchildrenabovesixyearsofagemustgotoschool.到

詞組或固定搭配aboveall

在…后面，到…Thereisagardenbehindthehouse.

后面Thedogwasrunningbehinditsmaster'sbicycle.

穿過，跨過（從一邊到另一邊）Thereisnobridgeacrosstheriver.

5.HehurriedacrossthebridgetoWaterloo.11.Hewasbehindtheothersinability.

across在（河，街等的）另一邊behind

Thebusstopisjustacrosstheroad.比…晚NewYorkistwelvehoursbehindPekinginlime.

Acrossthestreetwasacafefullofpeople.Hearrivedattheofficetenminutesbehindme.

交叉Hesatwithhisarmsacrossthechest.詞組和固定搭配behindthetimes過時,跟不上時代;behindtime晚了,晚點(diǎn)

Therearehundredsofsuchshopsacrossthe

在…全境，在…境內(nèi)country.12.在…以下，在…Thetemperatureisbelowfreezing.

Atonepointtherailwaylinegoesacrossthebelow下面Minersworkbelowthesurfaceoftheearth.

road.

詞組或固定搭配comeacross偶然碰到

13.

在…旁邊

6.表示“沿著“Theytraveledalongthewestcoast.besideHewassittingbesideher.

alongTherearetreesallalongtheriverbanks.Thehouseisbesidetheriver.

表示反對關(guān)系Manyofthestudentsareagainsttheplan.besides除了Ithinkthereareninepoundsleft,besidescomepennies.

TwelvestudentspassedtheexambesidesJim.

.（表位置）靠著，Thepianostoodagainstthewall.

頂著，迎著，襯Hecouldheartherainpatteringagainstthewindows.

7.14.

著Thetreeswereblackagainstthemorningsky.在兩者之間Theyplantedalotoftreesbetweenthetwobuildings.

againstHestruckherheadagainstthebranchofatree.betweenI'musuallyfreebetweenTuesdayandThursday.

預(yù)防，防備，準(zhǔn)Wearealltakingmedicineagainstthedisease.在（三者以上的人或事SwitzerlandliesbetweenFrance,Italy,Austriaand

備…時用Theyboughtsomewarmclothesagainstthecoldwinter.物）中，兩兩相互間，Germany.

Wehavetosavesomemoneyagainstoldage.共同一起Canyoutellthedifferencebetweengases,solidsand

表示對比關(guān)系Hewaselectedbyamajorityof20votesagainst10.liquids?

詞組或固定搭配againstone'swill違反自己的意愿；goagainst違反，不利于

|在...之夕卜，在...的那——|ThehouseisbeyondIhebridge.

邊（更遠(yuǎn)處）Thesunsetsbeyondthedistanthills.]sidebyside并肩地，并排地;

15.18

超出（能力，范圍等）Thenoisychildisbeyondhercontrol.沿著…向下Togetherwewalkeddownthestairs.

beyondTodothiswasquitebeyondmyability.downTheboatssailupanddowntheriver.

Thisismuchtooexpensivebeyondmyincome.Iwaswalkingdownthestreetwhenhecalledmefrombehind.

超過Ishallnotstaybeyondhalfanhour.沿著…Theywalkeddownthepathforhalfanhourbeforetheygottothe

Thereweren'tbeyondtwentypeoplepresent.lake.

到…以后，比…晚Don'tstaytherebeyondmidnight.

Heneverseesbeyondthepresent.19.在一段時間內(nèi)，在某時Heswimseverydayduringthesummer.

during期內(nèi)Notaworddidtheysayduringthemeal.

表示“除去，除開“，多和1neversawhimreadinganythingbutnewspaper.Hekeptsilentallthetimeduringthediscussion.

nothing,notanything,nobody,Everyonehasknowsitbutyou.

nowhere,who,all等連用，前Putitanywherebutonthefloor.除去，除了.可以接Everybodyisagainsttheplanexceptyou.

16以接名詞，代詞，介詞短語，Shelooksanythingbutwell.20.名詞，代詞，介詞短WegothereeverydayexceptSunday.

but形容詞，不定式等Wehadnochoicebuttowait.except語，不定式，從句Heseldomwentanywhereexcepttohisoffice.

Hedidnothingbutsleep.Ithadnoeffectexcepttomakehimangry.

詞組和固定搭配:butfor…要ButfbrtherainweshouldhavehadapleasantThissuitfitsmewellexceptthatthetrousersaretoolong.

不是…（句子謂語多用虛擬語journey.Henevercametoseemeexceptwhenhewasintrouble.

氣）Butforhishelp,Iwouldnothavefinishedtheworkexcept主要用來談?wù)摬煌怶ehadapleasanttime,exceptfbrtheweather.

intime.for的東西，在說明情況Theroomisalmostemptyexceptfbrachair.

后作細(xì)節(jié)上的修正，

有時含有惋惜之意。

在…旁邊，從...旁邊（經(jīng)過）Iputthevasebackonthetabicbythewindow.

Hewalkedbytheotherswithoutlookingatthem.

Hehadanoperationfbraheartdisease.

通過，經(jīng)由，取道Herosequicklyandwentoutbyanotherdoor.為了

1shallreturnpossiblybyDublin.TheywentforaholidaybytheBlackSea.

Franceisfamousfbritswines.

在（某時）前，到…時為止BylastFridaywehadstayedherefbrmorethantendays.因為，由于

BynextFridayIwillhavefinishedthework.1amashamedofmyselffbrnothavingwrittenalettertoyou.

21.Youaretoooldforthekindofworkyouaredoing.

表示動作的執(zhí)行者Areallthesegoodmadebymachine?對于

Hewaspunishedbytheteacherfbrbeinglate.forHehadmuchrespectforMr.Smith.

17.表示手段或方式，可譯為Itisnineo'clockbymywatch.供…用的，給…的Doyouhaveaseatforme?

by“通過…，用…，以…，按Byhelpingthemwearehelpingtosaveourselves.Thereisnomoreroomforsuchabagatthebackofthecar.

照…”Hetaughthimselftoplaytheviolinbypractisingallnight.就…來說，作為…Theweatherwasverycoldforthetimeoftheyear.

來說Forsoyoungamanhehasexperiencedsomuch.

表示工具Ireturnedtotownbytrain.

Shecalledhimupbytelephonetothankhim.表示買賣或交換Nobodyiswillingtoworkfbrnothing.

Iwantapieceofpaper3inchesby5inches.關(guān)系Isoldthehousefor100dollars.

表示尺寸，距離等，相當(dāng)于Mostoftheroomsofthisbuildingareusedforoffices.

Thisroomisfortyfeelbytwenty.作為（意思接近as）

“乘以”Doyoutakemefbrafbol?

和seize,take,hold等動詞連Sheseizedthechildbythecollar.前往（某目的地）IwillleaveforShanghaitomorrow.

用，說明接觸身體的哪一部Hecameforwardandshookmebythehand.HeistostartforSanFanciscoincoupleofdays.

分Themangrabbedhimbythearm.表示時間長度或ForfiveyearsSmithhadlivedaloneatDanversStreet.

距離Formilesandmileyouseenothingbuttrees.

（指數(shù)量）按…計算Thesecigarettesaresoldbyweight.

Sugarissoldbythepound,andpetrolbythegallon.贊成，主張，支持Mostpeopleinthetownarefortheplanofthegovernment.

.表示數(shù)量增減或差別的程Welostthematchbyonegoal.forcertain/sure肯定地,確切地，有把握地;forfearof唯恐,

度HeisolderbyfiveyearsthanJohn.擔(dān)心；foroneself為自己，§§forsale供出售;

forshort簡稱；forthepurposeof為…的目的；

byaccident偶然地；bychance偶然地，碰巧；詞組或固定搭配

bymeansof借助壬靠；bymistake由于誤會，弄錯了；forthemoment一時間，暫時；forthepresent就現(xiàn)在來說，暫

時;暫時;

詞組和固定搭配byoneself單獨(dú)地，獨(dú)立地；bytheway順便說；forthetimebeing

byturns輪流；learnbyheart記熟；

onebyone一個接,個地;littlebylittle一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地;|從…,由…,IThesoundcamefromthekitchen.

自...，從…來Lunchisfromeleventotwo.inperson親自，本人；inpublic公開地；

Someonefromthepolicestationwantstoseeyou.inshort/inaword總之；inspiteof盡管；

22.離…侑多遠(yuǎn)）ThetownissixtymilesfromLondoninthecourseof在…過程中；intheend最后；

fromItisonlyafewstepsfromheretothepostoffice.intheleast——點(diǎn)兒；inthemeantime與止匕同時；

intime及時地；inturn輪流；

由于，因…Weareallweakfromhungernow.

Ihavegotdarkringsundermyeyesfromlackofsleep.

（阻止）使不做某事，Stoptheboyfromdestroyingtheflowers.進(jìn)入，到里面Comeintotownwithmeandhearaconcert.

（保護(hù)）使不受…（之TherewasnothingtopreventherfromgoingbacktoAlookofjoycameintohiseyes.

害）

London.（時間）持續(xù)到，進(jìn)行到Theydiscussedtheirplanalldayandfarintothenight.

和一（不同）,Heisquitedifferentfromhisbrotherincharacter.24.Thewarlastedintothiscentury.

和…（有區(qū)別）Canyoutellonetwinfromtheother?into（表示狀態(tài)的改變）成Whenitisboiled,waterchangesintosteam.

為

從…（判斷），根據(jù)…Fromhisappearance,youwouldn'tthinkhewasold.CanyoutranslatetheletterintoEnglishforme?

FromwhatJohntoldme,they'reveryrich.Allthechildrenburstintolaughter.

frombadtoworse越來越糟，每況愈下；進(jìn)入（某種狀態(tài)）Sheburstintotearswhensheheardthenews.

從頭至尾；

frombeginningtoend分為（若干塊，份等）Thedishbrokeintomanypieces.

fromheadtofoot從頭到腳，全身；Thecakeisdivided