施工現(xiàn)場消防管理（中英雙語版） (1)講解

《施工現(xiàn)場消防管理》FireManagementattheConstructionSite一、

消防基本常識(shí)

1.FireProtectionBasics一、消防基本常識(shí)1.

Fireprotectionbasics

(1)《消防法》規(guī)定消防工作方針：“預(yù)防為主，防消結(jié)合”。實(shí)施時(shí)間為1998年9月1日。TheFireProtectionLawstipulatesthepolicyoffirecontrolwork:"preventionfirst,preventionandextinguishingcombined“,whichwasputintoeffectonSeptember1,1998.

(2)“預(yù)防為主”-抓三落實(shí)：組織上落實(shí)；人員上落實(shí)；技術(shù)上落實(shí)。"Preventionfirst"–focusonthreeemphases:implementationonorganizationallevel,personnellevelandtechnicallevel.

(3)“防消結(jié)合”-“一手抓防火，一手抓滅火”；“防中有消，消中有防”；防為消作準(zhǔn)備，消為防作補(bǔ)充;防可以減少火災(zāi)事故的發(fā)生，消可以減少火災(zāi)發(fā)生后的損失降低到最低限度。防消結(jié)合-一手抓防火,一手抓滅火;防中有消,消中有防;防為消作準(zhǔn)備,消為防作補(bǔ)充;防可以減少火災(zāi)事故的發(fā)生,消可以減少火災(zāi)發(fā)生后的損失降低到最低限度Combinationoffirepreventionandextinguishing–putfocusonbothfirepreventionandextinguishing;reflectthethinkingoffireextinguishingintheworkoffirepreventionandviceversa;firepreventionworkpreparesforbetterextinguishingefficacy,whilefireextinguishingworkservesasasupplementedrecourse;preventionworkwillreducethechancesoffireaccidents,whilefireextinguishingworkbringsthelossinfireaccidentstotheminimum.一、

消防基本常識(shí)

1.FireProtectionBasics二、施工現(xiàn)場的消防方式

2.Fireprotectionsattheconstructionsites

臨時(shí)消防設(shè)施包括滅火器、臨時(shí)消防給水系統(tǒng)和臨時(shí)消防應(yīng)急照明等。Temporaryfirefightingfacilities:fireextinguishers,temporaryfirewatersupplysystemsandtemporaryfireemergencylighting.

臨時(shí)消防設(shè)施的設(shè)置宜與在建工程結(jié)構(gòu)施工保持同步。對(duì)于房屋建筑，與主體結(jié)構(gòu)工程施工進(jìn)度的差距不應(yīng)超過3層。Firefightingfacilitiesshouldbesetcorrespondingtotheengineeringstructureandworkingrequirementsattheconstructionsite.Inhousingconstructions,alagofnomorethanthreefloorsareallowedbetweentheinstallationoffirefightingfacilitiesandtheconstructionofmajorstructureinprocess.

隧道內(nèi)的作業(yè)場所應(yīng)配備防毒面具，其數(shù)量不應(yīng)少于預(yù)案中確定的需進(jìn)人隧道內(nèi)進(jìn)行滅火救援的人數(shù)。Gasmasksarerequiredintunnels,anditsquantityshouldbenolessthanthenumberofpeoplewhoneedtoenterthetunnelforfirefightingandrescueworkasspecifiedbefore.一、

消防基本常識(shí)

1.FireProtectionBasics

1.滅火器Extinguisher

(1)施工現(xiàn)場的下列場所應(yīng)配置滅火器:可燃、易燃物存放及其使用場所;動(dòng)火作業(yè)場所;自備發(fā)電機(jī)房、配電房等設(shè)備用房;施工現(xiàn)場辦公、生活用房;其他具有火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)的場所。Extinguisherisrequiredinplacesatconstructionsitesasfollowed:placeswherecombustibleandflammablematerialsarestoredandused;hotworkingplace;housegeneratorroom,powerdistributionroomandroomscontainotherequipment;officesinconstructionsitesandlivingroom;Otherplaceswherefiredangerarepossible.

(2)每個(gè)部位配置的滅火器數(shù)量不應(yīng)少于2具。滅火器的最大保護(hù)距離應(yīng)符合表13-2的規(guī)定。Atleasttwofireextinguishersarerequiredineachplace.ThemaximumprotectiondistanceoffireextinguishersmustmeettherequirementslistedinTable13-2Chart13-2MaximumdistancebetweenextinguishersPlacesrequireextinguishersFirecausedbysolidmaterialsFirecausedbyliquidorgasFirewithelectricshockrisksplaceswherecombustibleandflammablematerialsarestoredandused1599hotworkingplaces1599Placeswhereinflammablegoodsarestoredandused201212housegeneratorroom251515officesinconstructionsitesandlivingroom251515一、

消防基本常識(shí)

1.FireProtectionBasics

(3)施工現(xiàn)場因無水源而未設(shè)置臨時(shí)消防給水系統(tǒng)時(shí)，每個(gè)部位配置的滅火器數(shù)量不應(yīng)少于3具，且單位滅火級(jí)別最大保護(hù)面積不應(yīng)大于表13-1規(guī)定的2/3。Ifnotemporaryfirewatersupplysystemisinstalledontheconstructionsitebecauseofalackofwatersource,atleastthreefireextinguishersshouldbeinstalledoneachsite,andthemaximumprotectedareaofaunitfire-fightinglevelshouldbenolargerthan2/3asspecifiedinTable13-1

2.消防給水系統(tǒng)2.Firewatersystem

(1)施工現(xiàn)場臨時(shí)建筑面積大于300㎡或在建工程體積大于20000㎡時(shí)，應(yīng)設(shè)置臨時(shí)室外消防給水系統(tǒng)。當(dāng)施工現(xiàn)場全部處于市政消火栓的150m保護(hù)范圍內(nèi)，且市政消火栓的數(shù)量滿足室外消防用水量要求時(shí)，可不設(shè)置臨時(shí)室外消防給水系統(tǒng)。Temporaryoutdoorfirewatersupplysystemshallbeinstalledwhenthetemporaryconstructionareaisgreaterthan300㎡orthevolumeoftheprojectunderconstructionisgreaterthan20,000㎡.Whentheconstructionsiteiswithintheprotectionscopeof150mofmunicipalfirehydrantsandthenumberofmunicipalfirehydrantsmeetstherequirementsofoutdoorfirewaterconsumption,notemporaryoutdoorfirewatersupplysystemshallbeinstalled

(2)室外消防用水量應(yīng)按臨建區(qū)和在建工程臨時(shí)室外消防用水量的較大者確定，火災(zāi)次數(shù)可按同時(shí)發(fā)生1次考慮。

Outdoorfirewaterconsumptionshallbedeterminedbythelargertemporaryoutdoorfirewaterconsumptioninthetemporaryconstructionareaandtheprojectunderconstruction,andthenumberoffirescanbeconsideredastheoccurrenceofonefireatthesametime.一、

消防基本常識(shí)

1.FireProtectionBasics(3)施工現(xiàn)場的臨時(shí)室外消防給水系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)符合下列要求:Thedesignoftemporaryoutdoorfirewatersupplysystemattheconstructionsiteshallmeetthefollowingrequirements1)給水管網(wǎng)宜布置成環(huán)狀。Thefirehoseshouldbearrangedintheshapeofaring2)臨時(shí)室外消防給水主干管的直徑不應(yīng)小于DN100ThediameteroftemporaryoutdoormainfirehoseshouldbenolessthanDN1003)給水管網(wǎng)末端壓力不應(yīng)小于0.2MPa。Theendpressureofthefirehoseshouldbenolessthan0.2MPa4)室外消火栓沿在建工程、辦公與生活用房和可燃、易燃物存放區(qū)布置，距在建工程用地紅線或臨時(shí)建筑外邊線不應(yīng)小于5mOutdoorfirehydrantsshallbesetalongtheongoingconstructionproject,officeareaandlivingroomsandstorageofinflammablegoods,andshallbeatleast5metersawayfromtheredlineoftheconstructionsiteortheouterlineofthetemporarybuildings.5)消火栓的間距不應(yīng)大于120m。Distancebetweenhydrantsshallbenomorethan120m.6)消火栓的最大保護(hù)距離不應(yīng)大于150m。Themaximumprotectiondistanceshallbenomorethan150m.(4)建筑高度大于24m或在建工程(單體)體積超過30000㎡的在建工程施工現(xiàn)場，應(yīng)設(shè)置臨時(shí)室內(nèi)消防給水系統(tǒng)。Atemporaryindoorfirewatersupplysystemshallbesetattheconstructionsiteofabuildingwithaheightofmorethan24moraprojectbiggerwiderthan30000㎡一、

消防基本常識(shí)

1.FireProtectionBasics

(5)臨時(shí)室內(nèi)消防給水系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定:Thedesignoftemporaryindoorfirewatersupplysystemshallmeetrequirementsasfollowed:

1)消防豎管的設(shè)置位置應(yīng)便于消防人員取水和操作，其數(shù)量不宜少于2根。Thestandpipesshallbesettledonplaceswherefirefighterscanhaveeasyaccesstowaterforfireextinguishing,andshallbenolessthan2.

2)消防豎管的管徑應(yīng)根據(jù)消防用水量、豎管給水壓力或流速進(jìn)行計(jì)算確定，消防豎管的給水壓力不應(yīng)小于0.2MPa，流量不應(yīng)小于10L/s。Thediameterofthefirestandpipeshouldbecalculatedanddeterminedaccordingtothewatersupplypressureorflowrateofthefirestandpipe.Thewatersupplypressureofthefirestandpipeshouldnotbelessthan0.2mpaandtheflowrateshouldnotbelessthan10Ls

3)嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)可采用干式消防豎管，豎管應(yīng)在首層靠出口部位設(shè)置，便于消防車供水。豎管應(yīng)設(shè)置消防栓快速接口和止回閥，最高處應(yīng)設(shè)置自動(dòng)排氣閥。Dryfirestandpipecanbeusedincoldareas,andthestandpipeshouldbesetneartheexitofthefirstfloor,soastohelpfiretrucksgeteasieraccesstothestandpipe.Thefirestandpipeshouldbeequippedwithafastconnectingoutletandacheckvalve,andaautomaticairvalveisalsorequiredatthetopofthestandpipe.一、

消防基本常識(shí)

1.

FireProtectionBasics

(6)建筑高度超過100m的在建工程，應(yīng)增設(shè)樓層高位水箱及高位消防水泵。樓層高位水箱的有效容積不應(yīng)少于6m3，上下兩個(gè)高位水箱的高差不應(yīng)超過100m。Ahigh-levelwatertankandahigh-levelfirepumpshouldbeaddediftheheightofthebuildingexceeds100m.Theeffectivevolumeoftheupperwatertankonthefloorshallbenolessthan6m,andtheheightdifferencebetweentheupperandlowerwatertanksshallnotexceed100m

(7)當(dāng)外部消防水源不能滿足施工現(xiàn)場的臨時(shí)消防用水要求時(shí)，應(yīng)在施工現(xiàn)場設(shè)置臨時(shí)消防水池。Iftheexternalfirewatersourcefailedtoprovideenoughwaterormeetcertainrequirementsofthetemporarywaterconsumptionontheconstructionsite,atemporaryfirewatertankshouldbesetupontheconstructionsite.

(8)當(dāng)消防水源的給水壓力不能滿足消防給水管網(wǎng)的壓力要求時(shí)，應(yīng)設(shè)置消防水泵。Ifthewatersupplypressureofthefirewatersourcecannotmeetthepressurerequirementsofthefirewaterhose,afirewaterpumpshouldbeinstalled.二、

施工過程重點(diǎn)部位的防火安全措施

2.FireSafetyMeasuresforKeyPartsoftheConstructionProcess

（1）5級(jí)(含5級(jí))以上風(fēng)力時(shí)，應(yīng)停止室外動(dòng)火作業(yè);動(dòng)火作業(yè)后，應(yīng)確認(rèn)無火災(zāi)隱患。IncaseofwindforceaboveLevel5(includingLevel5),outdoorfireoperationshallbestopped;whenhotworkisdone,itshouldbeconfirmedthatthereisnofiredanger.

（2）易燃材料存放庫房內(nèi)不宜使用功率大于40W的熱輻射照明燈具，可燃材料存放庫房內(nèi)不宜使用功率大于60W的熱輻射照明燈具，其他臨時(shí)建筑內(nèi)不宜使用功率大于100W的熱輻射照明燈具和功率大于3kW的電氣設(shè)備;熱輻射照明燈具與可燃、易燃材料的距離應(yīng)符合相關(guān)規(guī)范規(guī)定。Heatradiationlightinglampswithapowergreaterthan40Wshouldnotbeusedinthestorehouseforflammablematerials;heatradiationlightinglampswithapowergreaterthan60Wshouldnotbeusedinthestorehouseforcombustiblematerials;heatradiationlightinglampswithapowergreaterthan100Wandelectricalequipmentwithapowergreaterthan3kWshouldnotbeusedinothertemporarybuildings.Thedistancebetweenthermalradiationlightingfixturesandcombustibleandinflammablematerialsshouldcomplywithrelevantregulations.

（3）空瓶和實(shí)瓶同庫存放時(shí)，應(yīng)分開放置，兩者的間距不應(yīng)小于1.5m;氧氣瓶與乙炔瓶的工作間距不應(yīng)小于5m,氣瓶與明火作業(yè)的距離不應(yīng)小于10m;氣瓶內(nèi)的氣體嚴(yán)禁用完，瓶內(nèi)剩余氣體的壓力不應(yīng)小于0.1MPa。Whenemptybottlesandsolidbottlesarestoredinthesameplace,thedistanceinbetweenshouldbenolessthan1.5m;

thedistancebetweenaoxygencylinderandaacetylene

cylinderatworkshouldbenolessthan5m,andthedistancebetweengascylinderandanopenfireoperationshouldnotbelessthan10m;

gasincylinderscannotbedepleted,whichmeansthatthepressureoftheremaininggasinthecylindershouldbenolessthan0.1mpa.

三、

施工現(xiàn)場火災(zāi)急救措施

3.FireEmergencyMeasuresatConstructionSites一、火災(zāi)急救

1.Fireemergen