江蘇高考英語(yǔ)秘籍寶典-各專(zhuān)項(xiàng)做題技巧

單項(xiàng)選擇考點(diǎn)定語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、特殊句式〔倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)、省略、反意疑問(wèn)句等〕、情景交際、詞匯辨析：名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)2、做題技巧〔1〕刪除冗余信息命題人通過(guò)添加插入語(yǔ)、限定語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)等成分，無(wú)疑增加了句子的復(fù)雜程度，造成學(xué)生的視覺(jué)差異，從而導(dǎo)致思維錯(cuò)位，產(chǎn)生誤導(dǎo)。解答這類(lèi)題通常采用的方法是“刪除法”，去掉多余信息(插入語(yǔ)、限定語(yǔ)等)，答案就顯而易見(jiàn)了。Hehasn'tcomeyet.Whatdoyouconsider________tohim?A．happensB．hashappenedC．happeningD．tohappen補(bǔ)全省略成分省略句很容易影響學(xué)生對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)確把握。典型的省略句有：不定式的省略、狀語(yǔ)從句的省略、句子謂語(yǔ)的省略、主謂語(yǔ)的省略及強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的省略等。解答此類(lèi)題的較好方法是“補(bǔ)全法”。句子結(jié)構(gòu)補(bǔ)充完整后，干擾因素也就隨之消失，答案也就容易判斷了。Theresearchissodesignedthatonce________nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A．beginsB．havingbegunC．beginningD．begun復(fù)原句子結(jié)構(gòu)命題人可以利用強(qiáng)調(diào)句、被動(dòng)句、疑問(wèn)句、倒裝句、感慨句、拆分句等特殊結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)改變句子的正常詞序，造成搭配上的假象，從而到達(dá)干擾的目的。這類(lèi)題有相當(dāng)大的迷惑性，極易導(dǎo)致學(xué)生上當(dāng)。解此類(lèi)題最可靠的方法是“復(fù)原法”。只要恢復(fù)了它的廬山真面目，答案就一目了然了。Whichdoyoufeellike________timeonthetrain,chattingwithfriendsorjustreadingsomething?A．tokillB．toshareC．killingD．sharing〔4〕排除語(yǔ)境干擾設(shè)題者常通過(guò)變換句子的正常結(jié)構(gòu)，利用詞語(yǔ)的不同含義和用法，詞形的變化，各種搭配，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，轉(zhuǎn)折詞等設(shè)置干擾語(yǔ)境誤導(dǎo)學(xué)生。碰上此類(lèi)陷阱題時(shí)，考生務(wù)必認(rèn)真審題，弄清句子的根本結(jié)構(gòu)，分析句子所處的語(yǔ)境，了解句子的真正含義，最后作出正確的選擇。You________paytoomuchattentiontoyourreadingskill,asitissoimportant.can'tB．shouldC．mustD．needn't〔5〕識(shí)別相似表達(dá)英語(yǔ)中有些句式結(jié)構(gòu)形相似而實(shí)不相同，命題者經(jīng)常利用這一點(diǎn)來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)“陷阱”。此類(lèi)題粗看起來(lái)非常類(lèi)似某個(gè)熟悉的句式，極易造成學(xué)生思維錯(cuò)覺(jué)。做此類(lèi)題不能粗心大意，要注重語(yǔ)境，理解句意，強(qiáng)化對(duì)易混句的辨析，有意識(shí)地改變思維定勢(shì)。①I(mǎi)'llgotoBeijingonbusinesstomorrow.Doyouhaveanything________toyoursonstudyinginBeijingA．tobetakenB．totakeC．takenD．beingtaken②You'llgotoBeijingonbusinesstomorrow.Doyouhaveanything________toyoursonstudyinginBeijingA．tobetakenB．totakeC．takenD．beingtaken完形填空完形填空做題技巧一、高考完形填空命題趨勢(shì)：選材特點(diǎn):以記敘文為主,多以記敘文和夾敘夾意為主純議論文命題特點(diǎn):(1)設(shè)空特點(diǎn):實(shí)詞為主、虛詞為輔，單詞為主、短語(yǔ)為輔動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞等實(shí)詞80%介詞、連詞、冠詞等虛詞那么相對(duì)考得較少(2)考點(diǎn)層次分三部:里邊層次：(語(yǔ)篇層次30%以上)表達(dá)了突出語(yǔ)篇的命題思路句子層次：(占70%左右)單詞層次：(只須讀懂單詞所在句子就能做,分?jǐn)?shù)較少)(3)考查重點(diǎn):短文第一句不設(shè)問(wèn).高考完形填空題型特點(diǎn)以敘為主,敘議結(jié)合;篇章短小,意義完整;3.首句完整,主題明確;4.結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,層次清楚;5.考查語(yǔ)境,側(cè)重辨析;6.實(shí)詞為主,虛詞為輔;7.邏輯推理,隱于語(yǔ)篇;8.常識(shí)語(yǔ)法,每年出現(xiàn)。完型填空之能力訓(xùn)練目標(biāo)：1.詞語(yǔ)辨析能力2.語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)分析能力3.語(yǔ)篇理解能力4.邏輯推理能力5.文化背景透析能力6.作者意圖剖析能力8.生活常識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力二、考生易失分之處：1、無(wú)視行文邏輯，斷章取義，就題論題。2、脫離語(yǔ)境，濫用固定搭配。3、缺乏必要的生活常識(shí)和不了解中西文化的差異。做題三忌：急于求成，未通讀全文便忙于答題，不了解文意，無(wú)整體概念邊讀邊填，兩眼忙于空白與選項(xiàng)之間，欲速那么不達(dá)。只摳字眼，語(yǔ)法，不顧文意，抓不住關(guān)鍵。斷章取義，就題論題，不管前后聯(lián)系，互不照應(yīng)，前后矛盾。三、做題三步法方法：四、巧解完形填空——高分技巧九大方法巧解完形一、利用首句來(lái)解題，根據(jù)全文來(lái)選擇Ididverybadlyatschool.MyheadmasterthoughtIwas

36

andwhenIwas14hesaid,“You’renevergoingtobe37(anything)butafailure.”

A.bright

B.useless

C.simple

D.hopeful二、根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境，合理推斷來(lái)解題Ourfatherwasastrugglinglawyer,butIalwaysknewhewas

37.Henevercriticizedus,butused38tobringoutourbest.

37.

A.strict

B.honest

C.special

D.learned38.A.help B.peaceC.smileD.praisePractice：HisbigstomachhasalwaysballoonedoutbetweenhisT-shirtandtrousers.Althoughhisfamilyoften43aboutthat,Edrefusedtobuya44T-shirtortoloseweight.43.A.cared B.forgotC.quarreledD.joked44.A.clean B.straightC.largerD.darker三、利用語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志解題〔三找〕常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)志性的詞語(yǔ)有以下幾種：結(jié)構(gòu)層次:firstly,secondly,thirdly；邏輯關(guān)系：thus,therefore,so；遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：besides,what’smore,further;轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but,while,however,ontheotherhand等。Shetoldthefront-deskclerkshehadhada(n)41vacation,butwasheart-brokenaboutlosingseveralrollsofKodakcolorfilmshehadnotyetdeveloped.A.disappointingB.wonderfulC.uncomfortableD.important1、找邏輯關(guān)系題〔轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步、解釋、對(duì)立、因果、并列、總分、遞進(jìn)〕2、找NOT題〔在原文中找not〕句式結(jié)構(gòu)：前面肯定后面否認(rèn)、前面否認(rèn)后面肯定，那么選對(duì)立關(guān)系的詞?？键c(diǎn)：〔以下條件缺一不可〕=1\*GB3①考查的是一個(gè)肯定句和否認(rèn)句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，空前后必須是獨(dú)立的句子；=2\*GB3②出題位置在兩個(gè)句子之間或第二個(gè)句子的開(kāi)頭，不能處在一個(gè)句子的末尾或中間；=3\*GB3③選項(xiàng)中必須要有對(duì)立關(guān)系的詞。3、找AND題〔在原文中找and〕考點(diǎn)：=1\*GB3①and前后選同義詞，詞性一致；=2\*GB3②and前后選同一范圍詞；=3\*GB3③and前后句子對(duì)應(yīng)成分相同；=4\*GB3④在文章中，并列關(guān)系詞前后如果出題，利用關(guān)系解題。4、找同現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn)原那么Liumeiisamongthe__22__ones.TheChineseUniversityofHongKonggranted(容許給〕LiuafullscholarshipHK$500,000.Notallstudentsaresofortunate.22.A.poorB.smartC.luckyD.silentFriendshipisoneofthepermanentthemesintheliteratureofalllanguage.…Someofuslike__2__friendswhileotherslikedifferentfriends.PersonallyIpreferboth.Havingsimilarfriendshasmanyadvantages.…2.A.trueB.rightC.sameD.similar四、根據(jù)邏輯推理解題…andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange___quitepleasanttaste.

A.besidesB.butC.andD.or五、根據(jù)常識(shí)和文化背景的角度來(lái)選擇Theamountofusablewaterhasalwaysbeenofgreatinterestintheworld.36(Owning)springsandstreamssometimesmeanscontrol,particularlyinthe37areaslikethedesert.

A．dry

B．distant

C．deserted

D．wild六、從語(yǔ)法角度來(lái)解題Iwentintoacaféandaskedforacoffee.

21

Iwaswaitingformydrink,Irealizedthattherewereotherpeopleintheplace,butIsensed

22(loneliness).A．Before

B．Since

C．Although

D．WhileHaveyouevershoutedatateacher,toldsomeoneyouwerelonely,orsaidyouwereinlove,andthen23lateryouhadkeptyourmouthshut?23.A.wishedB.hopedC.blamedD.shared解題思路：利用語(yǔ)法分析解題，選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞都是過(guò)去式，其后句賓語(yǔ)從句hadkept是過(guò)去完成時(shí)，故判斷是虛擬。七、從慣用法和固定搭配方面來(lái)解題1)Hewasonlyfourteenandwasnotgoodatswimming__1_.Soheshouldn’thavegoneintothatplace.1.A.afterallB.inallC.atallD.forall八、從詞語(yǔ)辨析的角度來(lái)解題When,twoweekslater,I38thissameboy,IwasmoreawareofmypositioninNigeriansociety.Ishould9(enjoy)thiscountryasthesonofaminister.A.ranafter B.ranintoC.ranover D.ranto九、同義近義復(fù)現(xiàn)來(lái)解題Ibelievethatamixtureoffriendsisequallyadvantageous.Onecan___7___fromvarioussortsoffriendsinthreeaspects.First,frequentcontactswithdifferentfriendsbroadenmyworldoutlooks.Justasvariouskindsofnutrimentskeepyouhealthy,makinga__8__offriendskeepyoulively.…Secondly,Ihavefoundthatdifferentfriendscannotonlyleadtonewadventuresbutalsoshowmenewavenuestosuccessinlife.…7.A.obtainB.benefitC.sufferD.earn8.A.rangeB.seriesC.quantityD.variety五、完型填空實(shí)戰(zhàn)四招：抓首——抓住首句,預(yù)測(cè)全文。完形填空所選短文多沒(méi)有標(biāo)題,但一般首句是一個(gè)不設(shè)空(或較簡(jiǎn)單)的完整的句子,往往用以點(diǎn)明短文的體裁,如議論、說(shuō)明或表達(dá)等。因此,我們?cè)诮忸}時(shí)一定要注意以首句的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)及表述方式為立足點(diǎn)來(lái)進(jìn)行邏輯思維,判斷文章體裁,找出文章中心。捕眼——捕捉題眼,尋找契機(jī)所謂“題眼”,就是指那些在短文中起重要作用的關(guān)鍵詞以及能夠幫助我們解決問(wèn)題問(wèn)題的特定的語(yǔ)境。捕捉題眼,就是要迅速找到語(yǔ)篇中的特殊的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系——那些表示因果、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、指代等意義的連接詞及動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、同位語(yǔ)等,還有那些明確具體的事實(shí)(如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、形狀、色彩、順序),以及它們之間的關(guān)系等。跳身——避難就易,節(jié)省時(shí)間在解題過(guò)程中,我們應(yīng)該遵循“先易后難”的原那么,遇到少數(shù)疑難問(wèn)題時(shí)不可徘徊不前。為了不影響做題速度,我們可以暫時(shí)跳過(guò)難點(diǎn),去解決那些靠上下文能確定的、比擬直接具體的問(wèn)題?；蛟S在上文中難以判斷的題在下文中就有暗示或明確的表示,或許一個(gè)在前面不能解的題在填出了另一空后會(huì)令你豁然開(kāi)朗。一般說(shuō)來(lái),固定詞組、習(xí)慣搭配、常見(jiàn)句型及明顯的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)等易于判斷。掃尾——復(fù)讀全文,解決殘敵到了這時(shí),借助已經(jīng)補(bǔ)全的空白,我們應(yīng)該對(duì)全文有了更清楚的理解,可以集中解決所遺留的少數(shù)疑難問(wèn)題,如采用排除法逐步縮小包圍圈等方法。對(duì)于實(shí)在無(wú)從下手的個(gè)別題目,我們那么完全可以憑語(yǔ)感來(lái)確定：把幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)逐一放在空格內(nèi)念兩遍,哪個(gè)念起來(lái)順口、舒服就選哪個(gè)。注意：憑語(yǔ)感選定的答案不要輕易改動(dòng),因?yàn)樽畛醯母杏X(jué)很可能是正確的。在各空都已填出后,再?gòu)?fù)讀全文。我們必須重視這最后的彌補(bǔ)疏漏,改正錯(cuò)誤的掃尾時(shí)機(jī),以爭(zhēng)取最好成績(jī)。閱讀理解閱讀理解做題技巧閱讀理解概覽考綱對(duì)閱讀理解的主要要求：掌握所讀材料的主旨大意，以及用以說(shuō)明主旨大意的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)。既理解具體的事實(shí)，也理解抽象的概念。既理解字面意思，也理解深層含義，包括作者的意圖態(tài)度等〔4〕能理解某句某段的意義，并能把握全篇的文脈，即句與句，段與段之間的關(guān)系，并能據(jù)此進(jìn)行推理和判斷?！?〕能根據(jù)材料所提供的信息，結(jié)合中學(xué)生應(yīng)有的常識(shí)正確判斷生詞的含義。閱讀理解體裁特征：議論文〔2010江蘇B，2012江蘇D，2013江蘇B〕說(shuō)明文〔2011江蘇C,2008江蘇A，2008江蘇B，2009江蘇A，2009江蘇D，2010江蘇A，2010江蘇D，2012江蘇B，2012江蘇C，2013江蘇C〕記敘文〔2011江蘇D，2008江蘇D，2009江蘇B，2013江蘇D〕應(yīng)用文〔2010江蘇C，2009江蘇C，2008江蘇C，2012江蘇A，2013江蘇A〕閱讀指導(dǎo)日常閱讀指導(dǎo)①.保證一定的閱讀量，每天2-4篇。②.有精讀有泛讀，不要篇篇都仔細(xì)看。③.精讀應(yīng)以讀近幾年各地高考試題。④.精讀時(shí)應(yīng)適當(dāng)練習(xí)句子成分分析，長(zhǎng)句難句增加，必然對(duì)學(xué)生分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的根本功要求越來(lái)越高。⑤.精讀時(shí)還要注意詞義詞性的區(qū)分，后置定語(yǔ)，連接詞語(yǔ)以及由動(dòng)詞形式變化反映的句意的變化。⑥.考前練限時(shí)閱讀，35分鐘完成5篇總詞數(shù)約2400的各類(lèi)文章。⑦.注意總結(jié)四類(lèi)問(wèn)題的答題規(guī)律〔事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題、主旨大意題、推理判斷題、語(yǔ)義辨析題〕。⑧.除掌握高考詞匯表上的單詞外，還應(yīng)掌握考綱要求的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)〔比方今年高考中對(duì)于A篇unsettled一詞、C篇aturn-takinggame等詞語(yǔ)的理解〕。閱讀理解做題指導(dǎo)〔1〕事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題A.正確答案的特點(diǎn)：與原文情節(jié)表達(dá)手法不同，但所表達(dá)的意思相同?！铩铩顱.干擾選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：①.是原文信息，但與題目要求不符；②.符合常識(shí)，但不符合原文內(nèi)容；③.與原文情節(jié)極為相似，只是在程度上有些變動(dòng)；④.選項(xiàng)中所提供的信息局部正確，局部錯(cuò)誤；⑤.在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反。C.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題:主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力,問(wèn)題主要包詢問(wèn)人(who)、物(what)、時(shí)間(when)、地點(diǎn)(where)、原因(cause)、結(jié)果(effect)、數(shù)據(jù)(data)等。新聞、說(shuō)明文、廣告信息等常?？季唧w細(xì)節(jié)。①.直接事實(shí)題：先閱讀題干，確定讀材料的時(shí)候要查找的細(xì)節(jié)及事實(shí)的范圍，然后利用略讀的手法找出出處。②.間接事實(shí)題：需結(jié)合上下文提供的語(yǔ)境和信息進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的概括和判斷。D.常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題形式有1.三正一誤或三誤一正①.Whichofthefollowingistrue/falseexcept…?②.Whichofthefollowingismentionedexcept…2.定義3.年代與數(shù)字4.比擬5.原因和結(jié)果 〔2〕主旨大意題A.設(shè)題方式①.考查文章的中心思想Themainidea/keypointofthispassageisthat_____.Thepassageismainlyabout__.Fromthepassagewecanlearn/concludethat_________.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?②.考查文章標(biāo)題的選擇Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassageis_________.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis_________.③.考查作者的寫(xiě)作態(tài)度和意圖Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinthispassage?Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthisstoryis____.Inthepassagetheauthorwantstotell___.Thewriter’sattitudetoward...is___.B.干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)①.以偏概全。干擾項(xiàng)只闡述了文章的一局部?jī)?nèi)容，也就是文章的局部信息。②.斷章取義。干擾項(xiàng)常常以文章中的個(gè)別信息或個(gè)別字眼作為選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置內(nèi)容，或者以次要的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)冒充全文的主要觀點(diǎn)。③.主題擴(kuò)大。干擾項(xiàng)所歸納、概括的范圍過(guò)大，超過(guò)文章實(shí)際所討論的內(nèi)容。④.張冠李戴。命題者有意地把屬于A的特征放在B的身上，構(gòu)成一個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)?？忌蛔⒁獾那闆r下，會(huì)造成錯(cuò)選答案。⑤.無(wú)中生有或似是而非。有的干擾項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)好似在文章中談到了，但認(rèn)真分析之后你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這類(lèi)干擾項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容與文章的內(nèi)容毫無(wú)聯(lián)系。C.解題指導(dǎo)1.分清主次，抓住主干，找出主題句。主題句是歸納表達(dá)文章中心思想的句子,它的出現(xiàn)有四種情況:1〕主題句在開(kāi)頭?主題句出現(xiàn)在段落或文章的開(kāi)頭局部,起著開(kāi)宗明義?點(diǎn)明主題的作用,它可以使讀者一開(kāi)始就明白文章所講的內(nèi)容主旨?而支撐句那么使用一些具體的人、物、數(shù)字或具體的步驟來(lái)闡述或論證主題，常伴有forexample\i.e.\thatis\first\second\finally\once\anothertime\foronething等詞。2〕主題句在結(jié)尾?用歸納法寫(xiě)的文章,其結(jié)構(gòu)是表述細(xì)節(jié)的句子放在前面,概述性的句子放在后面,并以此而結(jié)尾,所以結(jié)尾的句子起著總結(jié)歸納?畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛的作用，多伴有so\therefore\thus\inshort\asaresult\thatiswhy等詞。3〕考生可以快速瀏覽每段首尾兩句來(lái)確定每段的主題句，從而確定文章的主題句。4〕值得注意的是:有些文章和段落無(wú)明顯的主題句,只是暗示性地表達(dá)主題?這就要求考生在閱讀過(guò)程中,根據(jù)文章中所表達(dá)的事實(shí)或提供的線索來(lái)概括和總結(jié)文章的大意?2.理清層次關(guān)系,，選出最正確標(biāo)題〔反推法〕標(biāo)題是文章中心思想的精練表達(dá),多為一個(gè)名詞詞組，短小明了,函蓋性強(qiáng)?做這類(lèi)題目時(shí),要在閱讀全文的根底上,把握好層次關(guān)系。注意選項(xiàng)的歸納范圍要恰如其分,干擾項(xiàng)往往是局部信息，是某一小節(jié)或文章里的某一句。所以我們?cè)诮忸}時(shí)要反復(fù)推敲，把概括范圍過(guò)窄或過(guò)寬的選項(xiàng)過(guò)濾掉。3.抓住關(guān)鍵詞，判斷作者意圖作者在描述事實(shí)或傳遞信息時(shí),不管他的意圖是什么,其觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度都不可防止地在文章中反映出來(lái)?常見(jiàn)的涉及到作者態(tài)度的詞有褒義類(lèi)詞〔approving,positive,optimistic,等〕，貶義類(lèi)詞(critical,pessimistic,doubtful,questioning)和中性類(lèi)詞(indifferent,serious,objective,concerned,neutral)。這就要求考生在閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意文章的措辭,尤其注意那些表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞如improving,encouraging,disappointing,fail,ignore等，以及作者對(duì)人物語(yǔ)言?行為和思想的描寫(xiě),從中領(lǐng)悟作者的寫(xiě)作意圖和態(tài)度?4.小結(jié)：總之，主旨大意類(lèi)題雖然綜合性強(qiáng)，對(duì)考生的能力要求較高，但只要我們掌握了一定的解題技巧，在讀懂讀透文章的根底上，仔細(xì)比照四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)之間的內(nèi)涵與外延之間的差異，定能準(zhǔn)確地找出正確答案?！?〕推理判斷題A.推理判斷的題目中常含有infer、imply詞匯等。B.干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：①.將文章中的信息作為干擾項(xiàng)；②.將不符事實(shí).邏輯的判斷推理結(jié)果作為干擾項(xiàng)。C.解題方法：①.判斷推理要以文中事實(shí)為依據(jù);②.不能將文中已經(jīng)說(shuō)明的事實(shí)作自己的推斷;③.杜絕僅憑個(gè)人的看法，主觀臆斷。D.技巧：找出作者所陳述的細(xì)節(jié)、事實(shí)及能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞語(yǔ)，進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推理。注意：不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)E.解推斷題最主要的方法:根據(jù)詞義關(guān)系推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)。F.題干形式：①.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat___.②.Fromthetextweknowthat__.③.Thestoryimpliesthat______.④.Thewritersattitudetoward…is______.⑤.Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe______.G.新題型：1、文章的續(xù)寫(xiě)2、把句子放回文中的哪個(gè)局部〔4〕猜想詞義題詞、短語(yǔ)、句子意思的猜想主要依據(jù)它所在段落的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行。如果該段落比擬短，信息量缺乏，那么與之相鄰的上下兩個(gè)段落的內(nèi)容那么是猜詞義的重要依據(jù)。A.詞義猜想題常用的提問(wèn)方式：①.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_______.②.Theword“…”ismostlikelytomean______.③.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?④.Theunderlinedword“…”means___B.猜想詞義方法1).Definition定義法：一般通過(guò)定義、定語(yǔ)〔從句〕或同位語(yǔ)〔從句〕來(lái)確定詞義.①.Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.()②.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.()2).Contrast比照法：利用文中的反義詞以及表比照關(guān)系的詞〔組〕猜想詞義。①.Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.()②.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quickly3).Similarity相似法：利用同義詞、近義詞或詞組猜想詞義。①.Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormoustask.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.()4).Causeandeffect因果法：從原因推測(cè)結(jié)果，從結(jié)果推測(cè)原因。①.Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.()②.Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.()5).Example例舉法：利用文中的舉例猜想詞義.常見(jiàn)的舉例提示詞:forinstance/example,suchasetc.①.Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.()6).Context上下文：利用語(yǔ)境及前后的提示來(lái)猜想詞義。①.HesoundedquitenervousandhehadbeentalkingforaminuteorsobeforeIunderstandanything.EventhenallIcouldmakeoutwasthatsomeonecalledMillyhadhadaverybadaccident.A.seeclearlyB.understandC.expect②.Thechildrenarelookingatanape.A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatanapeatthezoo．A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatalarge,hairyapeatthezoo．A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbird7)monSense常識(shí)法：在閱讀的過(guò)程中，如遇到生詞，有時(shí)可以根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，或運(yùn)用自己已有的常識(shí)將其推測(cè)出來(lái)。比方了解一些英美國(guó)家的天文地理、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、宗教信仰、政治結(jié)構(gòu)、社會(huì)制度等，可以幫助加深對(duì)文章的理解，遇到生詞時(shí)，猜想詞義的能力自然就會(huì)增強(qiáng)。①.Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious，becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.●不成文的小技巧內(nèi)容相似都排除內(nèi)容相反選其一過(guò)于絕對(duì)容易錯(cuò)〔all/always/never等〕不確定的反而對(duì)〔may/might/about/almost等〕文章一樣需謹(jǐn)慎任務(wù)型閱讀任務(wù)型閱讀做題技巧一、任務(wù)型閱讀概覽任務(wù)型閱讀占總分120分中的10分，共10題，也就是10個(gè)空格要求填寫(xiě)詞語(yǔ)，答題參考時(shí)間為12分鐘。10個(gè)空格可以分成以下三類(lèi)。1.捕捉信息的能力信息查找〔屬根底題〕

2.組織信息的能力信息轉(zhuǎn)換〔屬活用題〕3.概括信息的能力信息歸納〔屬綜合概括題〕年份信息查找題信息轉(zhuǎn)換題信息歸納題文章長(zhǎng)度體裁2013352422說(shuō)明2012721434科普2011523428說(shuō)明2010622528科普2009451553說(shuō)明2008352428議論二．任務(wù)型閱讀解題指導(dǎo)1.觀察圖表1〕.是否有標(biāo)題/是否需要填標(biāo)題注意利用所給標(biāo)題了解文章大意2〕.瀏覽表格,大致了解文章結(jié)構(gòu)注意利用已給信息了解文章主線3〕.是否需要統(tǒng)一的形式2.閱讀文章后進(jìn)行填詞(一)通覽全文,利用表格中的信息提示，準(zhǔn)確地在文中找到答案的信息來(lái)源。(二)選詞要盡可能完整,準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)出文中信息先確定詞意,再確定詞性，最后所選詞的適當(dāng)?shù)脑~形變化動(dòng)詞:要注意時(shí)態(tài),語(yǔ)態(tài)名詞:要注意單復(fù)數(shù)形容詞副詞:要注意各自不同的修飾功能連詞:要注意行文的邏輯關(guān)系3.填詞后:通讀表格，檢查1).再次確保答案與表格內(nèi)容的一致性2).注意語(yǔ)意是否流暢，確保語(yǔ)意和語(yǔ)法兩方面都正確Whatshouldwepayattentionto?1.字跡端正,卷面要整潔！2.大小寫(xiě)，單復(fù)數(shù)，統(tǒng)一形式！三．知識(shí)點(diǎn)整理1、信息轉(zhuǎn)換技巧解題關(guān)鍵:根據(jù)問(wèn)題查找定位信息，加工分析并轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種表達(dá)方式。常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)換方式(1).前綴和后綴轉(zhuǎn)換,詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(2).同義詞和反義詞轉(zhuǎn)換(3).句子結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換(4).另選其它詞來(lái)釋義〔1〕詞性轉(zhuǎn)換/前綴和后綴轉(zhuǎn)換Nowadays,agoodeducationbenefitsmoreandmorepeople.Nowadays,moreandmorepeople________fromagoodeducation.Nowadays,agoodeducationisof_________tomoreandmorepeople.Nowadays,agoodeducationis___________tomoreandmorepeople.〔2〕同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換Ithinkmylongandactivelifemustlieinregularexercise.Ithinkmylongandactivelifemust__________fromregularexerciseIthinkregularexercisemust__________/__________tomylongandactivelife.Ithinkmylongandactivelifemustbe________toregularexercise.〔3〕句子結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換1).Animalswhichhavethissamefamilyofgenesdonotgainweighteasilyasotheranimals.Animals______/______thissamefamilyofgenesdonotgainweighteasilyasotheranimals.2).Tomcouldn'tagreewithhisboss’sdecisionmore.Tom_________/_________hisboss’sdecision.Tom___________ofhisboss’sdecision.Tomwasin___________ofhisboss’sdecision.〔4〕另選其它詞來(lái)釋義1).Eachpersonmaybelievethatheiscorrectandthattheotherperson’sviewiswrong．(2009江蘇)wearealways__________________incommunicationwithothers.2).Wearecontinuallypickingupmeaningsfromothers’behaviorsandweareconstantlyprovidingbehaviorsthathavecommunicativevalueforthem．(2009江蘇)Weareconstantly______________meaningsbywhatwedo.轉(zhuǎn)換類(lèi)常用句型1．byaccident/chance=_______________(accidentally)2．withoutaccident=___________(safely)3．takesthintoaccount/consideration=_____________(consider)4．inaddition/what’smore/apartfrom=_______/________/_______ (besides/moreover/furthermore)5．inall/intotal=___________(altogether/totally)6．a(chǎn)pproveof/beinfavorof/agreeto=___________(favor)7．a(chǎn)ttendon/upon/waiton/upon=________ (serve)8．havefaith/trustin;consider…tobetrue=__________(trust)9．outofbreath=________________ (breathlessly)10．butfor=___________(without)11．inanycase/atanyrate/atanyprice/atanycost/whateverhappens=_____________ (anyhow)12．nowthat=_________(since)13．copewith/dealwith/dowith/trytofindasolutionto=_______(handle)14．dealwith=_______(concern)15．toone’sdelight/regret/sorrow/shame/surprise/astonishment=_______/_______/_______/________/________/__________(delightfully/regretfully/sorrowfully/shamefully/surprisingly/astonishingly)16．doawaywith/getridof=______ (abolish)17．withoutdoubt=____________(undoubtedly)18．(be)ofnoeffect=__________(useless)19．cometoanend/put…toanend=_______/________(finish/end)20．beequalto/amountto=_________ (equal)21．fitinwith/fallintoagreement=________(suit)22．guardagainst/keepsafe=__________(defend)23．inahurry/inarush=___________ (hurriedly)24．make(leave)animpressiononsb=_______________(impress)25．byoneself/withouthelp/onone’sown=_________(alone)26．putupwith=________/_________/__________ (bear/stand/endure)29．beforelong=________(soon)30．byallmeans/ofcourse=____________(certainly)31．bear(orkeep)…inmind/bring…tomind=______ (remember)32．a(chǎn)tthemoment=__________ (now)33．fornothing/withoutpayment=_________(free)34．nothingbut=________(only)35．a(chǎn)llatonce/allofasudden=_________(suddenly)36．onceinawhile=____________(occasionally)37．inparticular=____________ (particularly)39．pointout=___________ (indicate)42．onpurpose=___________ (deliberately)43．outofthequestion=_________(impossible)44．with/inreference/regardto=_______/_______ (about/concerning)45．regardlessof/withoutworryingabout/inspiteof=_______(despite)46．run(take)riskof/dosthdangerous=_________ (risk)47．forsure/certain=_________/__________(certainly,definitely)48．behindtime=___________ (late)49．forthetimebeing=____________ (temporarily)50．innotime/veryquickly=_____________(immediately)51．onthewhole/forthemostpart=____________(generally)52．a(chǎn)gainstone’swill=______________ (unwillingly)53．workout=____________/_____________(solve/exercise)54．showrespectforsb/lookuptosb=_________(respect)55．makepreparationsfor/getreadyfor=_________for(prepare)56．likecrazy/mad=_______________ (madly)57．takein=__________/_________(cheat/absorb)58．takeexercise=____________(exercise)59．takeon=____________(employ)60．turnup/showup=____________(appear)61．a(chǎn)samatteroffact/infact/inreality/ineffect=_________(actually)62．lookforwardto=_____________(expect)63．nomatterwhat=______________ (whatever)64．giveadescriptionof=_______________(describe)65．leadto/bringabout/resultin=___________ (cause)66．setoff/setout=___________(start)67．bedifferent=_________ (differ)68．intheend/atlast=___________/___________ (finally/eventually)69．beawareof=_____________(sense)70．havesthincommon=___________ (share)71．giveup=__________/__________ (quit/stop)72．bringsthundercontrol=___________ (control)73．haveagoodmasteryof=___________ (master)74．inone’sopinion=___________(personally)75．commitsuicide=_______oneself(kill)76．succeedindoing=__________todo (manage)77．breakinupon.=__________ (interrupt)78．beanxious/eager/longtodo=_________todo (desire)79．beinresponsetosth=__________to(respond/react)80．makeupsomethingnew=__________(invent)81．twoweeks=____________ (fortnight)82．a(chǎn)personwithaphysicaldisability=a______person(disabled)83．gothrough(greatchanges)=____________(experience)84．doalotforsth=__________tosth (contribute)85．varietiesof/differentkindsof/avarietyof=_______(various)86．takepartin=_____________in(participate)87．makeadiscovery=_________(discover)88．makeanagreementtodosth=_________todo (agree)89．makecontributionsto=______________to(contribute)90．a(chǎn)lltheyearround=__________theyear(throughout)91．standfor=_____________ (represent)92．makeanapologytosb=___________tosb(apologize)93．bewillingtodosth=dosth___________________(willingly)94．causedamageto=________________ (damage)95．givepermissionto=______________ (permit)96．givebirthto=__________________ (bear)97．tenyears=_____________ (decade)98．haveaneffect/influence/impacton/upon=________/__________/__________ (affect/influence/impact)99．cometoone’said/help/assistance=_______/__________/________(aid/help/assist)100．thatis(tosay)/inotherwords=__________ (namely)101.100years=1century=10decades102.takeadvantageof=makeuseof103.parentalattention=withthehelp/aid/assistanceofparents104.opposethemove=beagainstthemove=objectto=disagreewith105.consider…=take…intoconsideration/account106.atthebeginning=atfirst107.beresponsiblefor=take/shoulder/bearresponsibilityfor108.sincethebeginningofhumanevolution=throughouthumanhistory109.Americanshavebeenmigratingsouthandwestfordecadesinsearchofbetterjobopportunities.=Americanshavebeenmigratingsouthandwestfordecades,seekingabetterjob./searching/lookingforabetterjob.110.housing-relatedreasons=reasonsrelated/linked/relevantto/connectedwithhousing111.takeanactivepartin=takepartinsth.actively112.encourageparticipationinquietactivities=encouragechildrentoparticipatein/takepartin/playaroleinquiteactivities113.behookedonheadphones=beaddictedtoheadphones114.valuableinformation=informationofgreatvalue115.understandclearly=haveaclearunderstandingofsth.116.affect=haveaneffect/influence/impactonsth.117.matter=count=beveryimportant=beofimportance=makesense=makeadifference118.killssb.=sth.costssb.sth.=claimone’slife119.makeanapology=apologizetosb.120.beover=end=put…toanend121.despite=inspiteof122.sharelessthan2%=accountforlessthan2%=makeup123.online=ontheInternet124.learngoodcitizenship=learntobegoodcitizens125.listthethingsthatyouaregoodat=listwhat/allyouaregoodat126.explainsth.=makeanexplanation127.offersth.tosb.=provide/supplysth.forsb.128.besides=ontopof=inadditionto=apartfrom129.bebetterthan=besuperiorto130.approveof=subscribeto=beinfavor/supportof=favorsth.131.haveaccessto=beacceptable/accessible/availableto132.stop=quit=giveup133pensatefor=makeupfor134.inpart=partly135.everyyear=yearly=annually136.useup=runoutof(主動(dòng))137.runout=giveout=beusedup(被動(dòng))138.beaccusedof=bechargedwith139.mostofthepeople=themajorityofthepeople140.caterto/forone’sneeds/demands/requirements=satisfy/meetone’s….141.starvetodeath=dieofhunger/starvation142.betiredout=bewornout=beexhausted143.sociallyresponsible=socialresponsibility144.sth.benefitssb.=bebeneficialtosb.=beofbenefitto=sb.benefitsfromsth.145mitoneselftodoingsth.=promisetodosth.146.makefulluseof=makethemostof2、信息歸納題技巧原因reason(for)/cause(of)結(jié)果result/effect/influence/consequence建議advice/suggestion(s)/tip(s)/recommendation(s)方式，方法method(s)/means/approach(es)/way(s)/measure(s)/solution(s)method(of/for),means(of),way(todo/ofdoing),how(todo)solution/approach(todoing)搭配：bythismeans/inthisway/withthismethod態(tài)度，觀點(diǎn)opinion/view(on/about)/viewpoint/idea/attitude(to/towards)總結(jié)，概括summary/conclusion(s)話題，主旨title/name/topic評(píng)價(jià)comment(on)/remark(on/upon)/assessment特征features/characteristics過(guò)程，步驟step(s)/procedure(s)/process趨勢(shì)trend/tendency定義definition種類(lèi)type(s)/kind(s)/category(s)目的purpose(s)/aim(s)/intention與goal(s)purpose(s)(theintention,aimorfunctionofsth;thethingthatsth.issupposedtoachieve)goal(s)(somethingthatyouhopetoachieve)優(yōu)劣，異同similarities/difference(s)advantage(s)/benefits/disadvantage(s)/strengthes/weaknesses書(shū)面表達(dá)書(shū)面表達(dá)寫(xiě)作技巧根本技巧：字——句——段——篇字：高級(jí)詞匯、短語(yǔ)連字成句：句式多樣性三大從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)等◆It句型①I(mǎi)twillbe+sometime+before…Itwon’tbelongbeforehumansvisittheMars.②Itis+adj./n.+forsbtodosth.Itisveryimportantforustolearncomputerwell,becauseithaschangedourlifesomuch.HesaidsinceitwasanewmodelinChina,itwasimpossibletofixitwithouttherightspareparts.③Itis+被強(qiáng)調(diào)局部+that…1)ItiswhatYangLiweihasdonethatencouragesusalot.2)Thosewholikereadingextensivelysayitisthroughreadingthatwegetourknowledge.◆名詞性從句①I(mǎi)twouldmeanagreatdealtometolistentothetapeandlearnwhatiscoveredinthetalk.②Myhometownisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.◆定語(yǔ)從句①TheflatisinabuildingonFangcaoStreet.ItisnotfarfromJianxinChineseSchool.→TheflatisinabuildingonFangcaoStreet,whichisnotfarfromJianxin②Itwasquiteanexperienceforusboth,whichI’llneverforgetfortherestofmylife.◆分詞結(jié)構(gòu)①I(mǎi)don’tknowaboutothers,butIusedtohavetoworkevenatweekendsdoingendlesshomeworkandattendingclassesaswell.②We’llmostlystayathomeintheeveningwatchingTV,playinggames,andmeetingpeople.③Hearingthis,afewpeoplebegantorunafterhim.=4\*GB3④BorninAmerican,ThomasEdisonwasagreatscientistandinventor.◆with結(jié)構(gòu)①Aterribleaccidenthappenedyesterday,withninepeoplekilledandalmosteightyinjured.②Hewascarryingabedrollandalargebagonhisshoulder,withalargesuitcaseinhislefthand.◆倒裝句①Thelibraryistotheeastoftheteachingbuilding.→Eastoftheteachingbuildingisthelibrary.②Althoughwearetired,wearehappy.→Tiredasweare,wearehappy.③Onlyinthiswaycanhegrowtobeausefulman.=4\*GB3④Mayallyourdreamscometrue!Mayourfriendshiplasttilltheendoftheuniverse.!◆被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)①Opinionsaredividedonthequestion.②Allclassesaretaughtbyteacherswithrichexperienceinteachingforeignstudents.③Newfactories,housesandroadshavebeenbuilt.◆巧妙的改寫(xiě)〔1〕nnly改成noonebutOnlyTompassedtheexamlastweek.→NoonebutTompassedtheexam.〔2〕assoonas改成Nosooner…than…/Hardly…when…/Immediately…/ThemomentNosoonerhadwearrivedatthecinemathanthefilmstarted.〔3〕havesb/sthdo/doneThegirlwasknockedoffherbicycleandhadherlegbroken(herlegwasbroken.).〔4〕變換插入語(yǔ)的位置①However,theysuggestfeesshouldbechargedlow.→Theysuggest,however,feesshouldbechargedlow.②Ithinkthisisagoodchanceforyoutoshowyoursingingtalent,andhowwellyou’velearnedChinese.→Thisisagoodchanceforyou,Ithink,toshowyoursingingtalent,andhowwellyou’velearnedChinese.(5).用同位語(yǔ)代替非限制性定語(yǔ)從句Meimei,whoissevenyearsold,hasbeenlearningtorideabicycleforseveraldays.→Meimei,agirlofthirteen,hasbeenlearningtorideabicycleforseveraldays.Shakespeare,asonfromapoorfamily,amanoflittleeducation,wroteplaysandpoemsthatarereadallovertheworld.◆其它〔1〕注重句子的開(kāi)頭①用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)開(kāi)頭Withthesunsettinginthewest,wehadtowavegoodbyetotheworkers.Withhishelp,we'velearnedhowtoanalyzeandsettleproblems.Withthefunctionsofinserting,deleting,moving