2分鐘英語(yǔ)演講稿《環(huán)保動(dòng)起來(lái)》

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出自教科書出自教育網(wǎng)站你找得到的幾乎都是這種圖會(huì)以這種視角呈現(xiàn)是由于只有一堆同心圓太死板無(wú)趣從這種視角看太陽(yáng)系比較新奇刺激不是嗎?

andbydoingitatthatangle,ifyou'vegotthatmisconceptioninyourhead,thenthattwo-dimensionalrepresentationofathree-dimensionalthingwillbeellipses.soyou've--it'scrap,isn'titreally?aswesay.

由于弄成這種視角假如你腦中有了這種誤會(huì)用二度空間來(lái)呈現(xiàn)三度空間就會(huì)變成橢圓形這真是糟糕，可不是嗎?

so,thesementalmodels--welookforevidencethatreinforcesourmodels.wedothis,ofcourse,withmattersofrace,andpolitics,andeverythingelse,andwedoitinscienceaswell.sowelook,justlook--andscientistsdoit,constantly--welookforevidencethatreinforcesourmodels,andsomefolksarejustalltooableandwillingtoprovidetheevidencethatreinforcesthemodels.

因此，我們尋求證據(jù)來(lái)增加我們的心智模式我們用這種方式處理種族、政治、全部事當(dāng)然也用這種方式處理科學(xué)，我們只觀看是科學(xué)家在這么做，我們不斷尋求證據(jù)來(lái)增加我們的心智模式，有些人很有方法也愿意供應(yīng)證據(jù)來(lái)增加那些模式

so,beingi'mintheunitedstates,i'llhaveadigattheeuropeans.theseareexamplesofwhatiwouldsayisbadpracticeinscienceteachingcenters.

所以我現(xiàn)在人在美國(guó)，就會(huì)說(shuō)歐洲人的壞話這些圖片都是我認(rèn)為不良的科學(xué)教育

thesepicturesarefromlavilletteinfranceandthewelcomewingofthesciencemuseuminlondon.and,ifyoulookatthe,kindofthewaythesethingsareconstructed,there'salotofmediationbyglass,andit'sveryblue,andkindofprofessional--inthatwaythat,youknow,woodyallencomesupfromunderthesheetsinthatscenein"anniehall,"andsaid,"god,that'ssoprofessional."andthatyoudon't--there'snopassioninit,andit'snothandson,right,and,youknow,punintended.

類似教學(xué)中心，這些圖取自法國(guó)維葉特科博館以及倫敦科博館的迎賓翼展現(xiàn)區(qū)你看看這些東西建成的模樣有許多玻璃隔板，藍(lán)光色調(diào)，弄得很專業(yè)似的那種方式，就像是伍迪艾倫從床單里冒出來(lái)在《安妮霍爾》戲中的那一幕他說(shuō)“老天，這真是太專業(yè)了”這其中沒(méi)有熱忱，沒(méi)有動(dòng)手參加，是嗎這是個(gè)雙關(guān)，不過(guò)也有好的教學(xué)方法

whereasgoodinterpretation--i'lluseanexamplefromnearby--issanfranciscoexploratorium,whereallthethingsthat--thedemonstrations,andsoon,aremadeoutofeverydayobjectsthatchildrencanunderstand,it'sveryhands-on,andtheycanengagewith,andexperimentwith.andiknowthatifthegraduatesatmitandintheimperialcollegeinlondonhadhadthebatteryandthewireandthebitofstuff,andyouknow,beenabletodoit,theywouldhavelearnedhowitactuallyworks,ratherthanthinkingthattheyfollowcircuitdiagramsandcan'tdoit.sogoodinterpretationismoreaboutthingsthatarebodgedandstuffedandofmyworld,right?andthingsthat--wherethereisn'tanextrabarrierofapieceofglassormachinedtitanium,anditalllooksfantastic,ok?

我舉一個(gè)例子，離這里很近，舊金山探究館在那里全部的東西，展現(xiàn)品之類的都是用孩子能懂的日常用品做成的都可以動(dòng)手玩，孩子們可以用心玩好好體驗(yàn)我知道麻省理工畢業(yè)生以及倫敦帝國(guó)學(xué)院畢業(yè)生手上有電池電線點(diǎn)亮燈泡的話他們會(huì)明白其中的原理而不是覺(jué)得他們照著電路圖來(lái)做是做不到的好的教學(xué)方法不是沉溺沉醉在自己世界里對(duì)吧?那些東西也不該被隔著用玻璃或是鈦制品隔開(kāi)看起來(lái)很美麗就好，好嗎?

andtheexploratoriumdoesthatreally,reallywell.andit'samateur,butamateurinthebestsense,inotherwords,therootofthewordbeingofloveandpassion.

舊金山探究館在這點(diǎn)做得特別好看上去很業(yè)余，但業(yè)余得很對(duì)頭也就是說(shuō)，根本的動(dòng)身點(diǎn)是出自愛(ài)和熱忱

so,childrenarenotemptyvessels,ok?so,as"montypython"wouldhaveit,thisisabitlordprivysealtosayso,butthisis--childrenarenotemptyvessels.

所以，孩童不是空瓶子用“巨蟒劇團(tuán)”的說(shuō)法就是有點(diǎn)像英國(guó)掌璽大臣會(huì)說(shuō)的意思是說(shuō)孩童不是空無(wú)一物的瓶子

theycomewiththeirownideasandtheirowntheories,andunlessyouworkwiththose,thenyouwon'tbeabletoshiftthem,right?

他們生來(lái)就有自己的想法和理念假如你沒(méi)從這些地方著手，就轉(zhuǎn)變不了他們對(duì)吧?

andiprobablyhaven'tshiftedyourideasofhowtheworldanduniverseoperates,either.butthisapplies,equally,tomattersoftryingtosellnewtechnology.

我也許沒(méi)有轉(zhuǎn)變大家的想法對(duì)于世界和宇宙究竟如何運(yùn)作不過(guò)這些道理同樣可以用在推銷新科技上也

forexample,weare,inbritain,we'retryingtodoadigitalswitchoverofthewholepopulationintodigitaltechnology[fortelevision].

例如，在英國(guó)，我們?cè)囍讶康碾娨暥紦Q成新科技的數(shù)位電視

andit'soneofthedifficultthingsisthatwhenpeoplehavepreconceptionsofhowitallworks,it'squitedifficulttoshiftthose.

有個(gè)難題是人們對(duì)事物運(yùn)作的方式一旦有了成見(jiàn)就很難去轉(zhuǎn)變

sowe'renotemptyvessels;thementalmodelsthatwehaveaschildrenpersistintoadulthood.poorteachingactuallydoesmoreharmthangood.

我們不是空瓶子，我們保有心智模式從幼年到成年始終都存在不良的教學(xué)是弊多于利

inthiscountryandinbritain,magnetismisunderstoodbetterbychildrenbeforethey'vebeentoschoolthanafterwards,ok?sameforgravity,twoconcepts,soit's--whichisquitehumbling,asa,youknow,ifyou'reateacher,andyoulookbeforeandafter,that'squiteworrying.theydoworseintestsafterwards,aftertheteaching.

在美國(guó)和英國(guó)，在磁力學(xué)問(wèn)上孩童在就學(xué)前學(xué)得比較好重力學(xué)問(wèn)也一樣，兩個(gè)不同概念，這實(shí)在可悲假如你是個(gè)老師，觀察受教前和受教后的差別實(shí)在令人憂心，學(xué)童在受教后考得更差

andwecollude.wedesigntests,oratleastinbritain,sothatpeoplepassthem.right?andgovernmentsdoverywell.theypatthemselvesontheback.ok?

我們都是共犯，我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)測(cè)驗(yàn)方式至少在英國(guó)是這樣，好讓人們能通過(guò)考試政府也幫了不少忙，他們推波助瀾懂嗎?

wecollude,andactuallyifyou--ifsomeonehaddesignedatestformewheniwasdoingmybiologyexams,toreallyunderstand,toseewhetheri'dunderstoodmorethanjustkindofputtingstarchandiodinetogetherandseeingitgoblue,andreallyunderstoodthatplantstooktheirmassoutoftheair,thenimighthavedonebetteratscience.sothemostimportantthingistogetpeopletoarticulatetheirmodels.

我們都是共犯假如有人替我設(shè)計(jì)測(cè)驗(yàn)在我要考生物的時(shí)候讓我能真正明白，明白我是否真的懂了不是只在淀粉中加入碘液看著反應(yīng)呈現(xiàn)藍(lán)色而且能真正明白植物是從空氣中健壯的我的科學(xué)可能就會(huì)學(xué)得比較好所以，最重要的是要讓人們能表述清晰他們的模型

yourhomeworkis--youknow,howdoesanaircraft'swingcreatelift?anobviousquestion,andyou'llhaveananswernowinyourheads.andthesecondquestiontothatthenis,ensureyou'veexplainedhowitisthatplanescanflyupsidedown.ahha,right.

回家作業(yè)是，機(jī)翼是怎樣關(guān)心飛機(jī)起飛的?這問(wèn)題很好懂，大家心中也有答案了留意事項(xiàng)是你要確保自己能解釋為何飛機(jī)頭向下的時(shí)候也能飛，對(duì)吧

secondquestionis,whyistheseablue?allright?andyou'veallgotanideainyourheadoftheanswer.so,whyis