美國核能應用市場前景及投資研究報告-培訓課件外文版2024.6中廣核中核集團

INDUSTRIES

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MARKETSNuclearenergyintheU.S.CHAPTER

01OverviewLeadingcountriesinnuclearenergygenerationworldwidein2022(interawatt-hours)Globalnuclearpowerproduction2022,byleadingcountryEnergyproductioninterawatt-hours300

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5000100200600700800900UnitedStatesChina771.54417.8France297.88Russia223.41SouthKoreaCanada168.5882.28UkraineSpain63.2658.5351.7751.4JapanSwedenUnitedKingdomIndia47.7246.1944.11BelgiumGermanyCzechia35.8631.033Description:In2022,theUnitedStatesgeneratedaround772terawatt-hoursofnuclearenergy.Thatyear,theU.S.wasthemainproducerofnuclearpowerworldwide,followedbyChinaandFrance.Accordingly,theU.S.,France,andChinawerealsothecountrieswiththelargestoperablenuclearpowercapacityatthattime.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):EmberDistributionofnuclearpowerconsumptionworldwidein2022,byselectedcountryGlobalnuclearpowerconsumptionshare2022,byselectedcountryShareofnuclearpowerconsumption15%

20%0%5%10%25%30%35%UnitedStatesChina30.3%15.6%France11%Russia8.4%SouthKoreaCanadaUkraineSpain6.6%3.2%2.3%2.2%SwedenJapan1.9%1.9%Others*16.6%4Description:TheUnitedStatesisthelargestconsumerofnuclearpower,accountingforover30percentoftheworld’snuclearpowerconsumptionin2022.Thatyear,nuclearenergyconsumptionintheU.S.totaled7.3exajoules.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022;*FigurewascalculatedbySource(s):EnergyInstitute;Kearney;KPMGbasedonthevaluesprovidedbythesource.Accordingtothesource,figuresarebasedongrossgenerationandnotaccountingforcross-borderelectricitysupply.Thereportwas[...]

ReadmorePercentagechangeinannualnuclearenergyconsumptionworldwidein2022,byselectcountryGlobalannualgrowthinnuclearenergyconsumption2022,bycountryPercentagechange40%-20%UnitedArabEmirates0%20%60%80%100%89.9%IranPakistan85%41.5%SwitzerlandSouthKoreaNetherlandsFinland24.3%11%8.2%6.6%4.8%3.6%3.2%2.2%0.2%IndiaUnitedKingdomSpainChinaRussiaBrazil-1.4%5Description:Nuclearconsumptionincreasedby4.8percentworldwidein2022comparedtothepreviousyear.UnitedArabEmiratesexperiencedthelargestgrowthbyfar,atroughly90percentincomparisontothepreviousyear.IranandPakistanfollowedwiththesecondandthirdlargestgrowth,at85and42percent,respectively.Bycomparison,Germany(whichphasedoutnuclearenergyin2023)hadthegreatestconsumptiondeclineof44.2percent.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):EnergyInstitute;Kearney;KPMGNumberofnuclearreactorconstructionstartsworldwidefrom1954to2022Globalnuclearenergypowerplantconstruction1954-2022504540353025201510506Description:Eightnuclearreactorconstructionsstartedintheworldin2022,downfrom10constructionsstartedoneyearearlier.Duringtheperiodinconsideration,figurespeakedat42constructionstartsin1976.AsofJune2023,21nuclearreactorswereunderconstructioninChina.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1954to2022Source(s):IAEANumberofoperablenuclearpowerreactorsworldwideasofMay2023,bycountryOperablenuclearpowerreactorsworldwide2023,bycountryNumberofreactors40

50010203060708090100UnitedStatesFrance935655ChinaRussia37Japan33SouthKoreaIndia2522Canada19UkraineUnitedKingdomSpain1597SwedenPakistan667Description:AsofMay2023,therewere436nuclearreactorsinoperationin32countriesaroundtheworld.TheUnitedStateshadthelargestnumberofnuclearpowerreactorsinoperationatthetime,at93units.Operablenuclearreactorsarethoseconnectedtothegrid.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;May2023Source(s):EIA;IAEA;WorldNuclearAssociationNumberofplannednuclearpowerreactorsworldwideasofMay2023,bycountryPlannedglobalnuclearpowerreactoradditions2023,bycountryNumberofnuclearreactors20

250510153035404550ChinaRussia4525India12UnitedStatesRomaniaUnitedKingdomUzbekistanHungaryCzechia322221111111ArgentinaBulgariaIranPakistanEgyptJapan8Description:AsofMay2023,almosthalfoftheplannednuclearreactorsworldwidewereinChina.Thiscountryplannedtheconstructionof45nuclearunitsoutofthetotalglobalnumberof100.Russiafollowedwith25plannednuclearreactors.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;May2023Source(s):EIA;IAEA;WorldNuclearAssociationCHAPTER

02Powerplants&capacityNumberofnuclearpowerreactorsintheUnitedStates(U.S.)forselectedyearsfrom1957and2022NumberofnuclearpowerreactorsintheU.S.1957-2022120112104104104104100999999999896100806040200949392712031195719601970198019902000201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202210/statistics/184981/number-of-nuclear-power-plants-in-the-usAsofDecember2022,therewere92operablenuclearpowerreactorsintheUnitedStates.Thenumberofoperableunitsinthecountryhasbeendecreasingsince1990.In2022,nuclearpowerplantsintheU.S.hadacapacityfactorof92.6percent.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1957to2022Source(s):EIANumberofcommercialnuclearpowerreactorsintheUnitedStatesasofJuly2023,byyearsofoperationNuclearpowerreactors'yearsofoperationintheU.S.2023Numberofreactors2005101525303540450-10years21-30years2231-40years4041-50years3951yearsandolder1011Description:In2023,therewere10nuclearreactorsintheUnitedStatesthatstartedtheircommercialoperationmorethan50yearsago.Bycomparison,onlytwonuclearreactorswereoperationalforlessthan20years.TheUnitedStateshadthelargestnumberofnuclearreactorsworldwide.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;asofJuly1,2023Source(s):IAEA;MycleSchneiderConsulting;Varioussources(Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung,FederalMinistryfortheEnvironment,NatureConservation,NuclearSafetyandConsumerProtection(Germany),FederalOfficefortheSafetyofNuclearWaste[...]NumberofoperationalnuclearpowerreactorsintheUnitedStatesin2024,bystateNumberofoperativenuclearpowerreactorsintheU.S.2024,bystateNumberofnuclearreactors602481012IllinoisPennsylvaniaSouthCarolinaAlabamaNorthCarolinaGeorgia1187555TennesseeTexasVirginiaNewYorkFlorida44444MichiganMinnesota3312Description:IllinoiswastheleadingstatebynumberofnuclearreactorsintheUnitedStates.In2024,thestatehad11nuclearreactorslocatedinsixdifferentnuclearpowerplants.PennsylvaniaandSouthCarolinafollowedwitheightandsevennuclearreactors,respectively.TheremainingU.S.stateshadfiveorlessnuclearreactorsontheirterritory,foratotalof93nuclearpowerreactorsintheU.S.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2024Source(s):NRCNetsummercapacityofnuclearpowerplantsintheUnitedStatesfrom1975to2022(interawatts)Nuclearpowerplants'netsummercapacityintheU.S.1975-20221201008060402001975

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2022*13Description:In2022,thenetsummercapacityofnuclearpowerplantsintheUnitedStatesstoodataround94.77terawatts.Thisisthelowestfigurerecordedinthreedecades.Likewise,thenumberofoperablenuclearpowerreactorsintheU.S.hasdecreasedduringthesameperiod.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1975to2022;*estimate.<br>AsofendofyearSource(s):EIACapacityfactorofnuclearpowerplantsintheUnitedStatesfrom1975to2022Nuclearpowerplants'capacityfactorintheU.S.1975-2022100%95%93.4%92.8%

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2022*14Description:In2022,thecapacityfactorofnuclearpowerplantsintheUnitedStatesaveragedataround92.6percent,slightlydownwhencomparedtothepreviousyear.Thatwasalsothethird-highestfigurereportedintheindicatedperiod,onlybehind2019and2021.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1975to2022;*estimateSource(s):EIAAverageoperatingheatratefornuclearpowerintheUnitedStatesfrom2002to2022(inBritishthermalunitsperkilowatt-hour)OperatingheatratefornuclearpowerintheU.S.2002-202212,00010,0008,0006,0004,0002,00002002

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202215Description:In2022,inordertocreateonekilowatt-hourofelectricity,nuclearpowerplantsintheUnitedStatesrequired10,448Britishthermalunitsofenergy.TheoperatingheatratefornuclearpowerintheU.S.hasseenonlysmallfluctuationsbetween2002to2022.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2002to2022;Averagetestedheatratefornuclearunits.Source(s):EIACHAPTER

03Production&consumptionNetnuclearpowergenerationintheUnitedStatesfrom1975to2022(interawatt-hours)NuclearelectricitygenerationintheU.S.1975-202290080070060050040030020010001975

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202217/statistics/185400/net-generation-by-us-nuclear-power-plants-since-2003In2022,nuclearpowerplantsintheUnitedStatesgeneratedaround771.54terawatt-hoursofelectricity,thelowestoutputrecordedintwodecade.Thenumberofnuclearpowerreactorshasbeendecreasingsince1990,whenitpeakedat112units.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1975to2022Source(s):EIAShareofnuclearpowerinelectricityproductionintheUnitedStatesfrom1975to2022NuclearshareinelectricitygenerationintheU.S.1975-202225%20%15%10%5%0%1975

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202218/statistics/273208/nuclear-share-of-electricity-generation-in-the-usIn2022,nuclearenergyaccountedforroughly18.2percentoftheUnitedStates'electricitygeneration,thelowestfigurerecordedinthreedecades.Inthesameperiod,thenumberofoperablenuclearreactorsintheU.S.droppedbymorethan15units.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1975to2022Source(s):EIALeadingnuclearpowerproducingstatesintheUnitedStatesin2023(ingigawatt-hours)NuclearenergyproductionintheU.S.2023,bykeystatePowergeneratedingigawatt-hours40,000

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60,000010,00020,00030,00070,00080,00090,000100,000110,000IllinoisPennsylvaniaSouthCarolinaAlabama97,55975,27255,62245,57942,33640,680NorthCarolinaTexasTennesseeGeorgia37,93737,840Arizona31,52329,940Florida19Description:ThestateofIllinoisistheleadingproducerofnuclearenergyintheUnitedStates.During2023,thisstategeneratedalmost97.6terawatt-hoursofnuclearenergy.IllinoisisalsothestatewiththelargestnumberofnuclearpowerreactorsinoperationintheU.S..ThisstateoftheNorthernMidwesthad11nuclearreactorsin2023,locatedinsixdifferentnuclearpowerplants.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2023Source(s):EIANuclearenergyconsumptionintheUnitedStatesfrom2000to2022(inquadrillionBritishthermalunits)NuclearenergyconsumptionintheU.S.2000-202298765432102000

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202220Description:In2022,theUnitedStatesconsumedabout8.05quadrillionBritishthermalunits(Btu)ofenergyderivedfromnuclearsources,downfrom8.13quadrillionBturecordedayearearlier.TheU.S.'nuclearenergyconsumptionreachedthepeakofthecenturyin2007,ataround8.46quadrillionBritishthermalunits.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2000to2022Source(s):EIANuclearelectricpowerconsumptionintheUnitedStatesin2022,byselectedstate(inmillionkilowatt-hours)NuclearelectricityconsumptionintheU.S.bykeystate2022Consumptioninmillionkilowatt-hours40,000

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60,000010,00020,00030,00070,00080,00090,000100,000110,000IllinoisPennsylvaniaSouthCarolinaNorthCarolinaAlabama98,87076,16654,37042,64442,314Texas41,607TennesseeGeorgia35,63534,07431,943ArizonaNewYork26,81221Description:In2022,IllinoiswastheleadingstateforelectricityconsumedfromnuclearenergysourcesintheUnitedStates.In2022some98.8terawatt-hoursofnuclearpowergeneratedelectricitywasusedinthestate.Pennsylvania,wherenuclearelectricconsumptionwasaround76terawatt-hours,followed.Therankingofnuclearelectricityconsumptionbystatecorrelatedwithnuclearpowergenerationbystate.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2022Source(s):EIACHAPTER

04IndustryLeadingoperatorsofnuclearpowerplantsintheUnitedStatesasofJuly2023,bycapacity(inmegawatts)LargestnuclearpowerplantoperatingutilitiesintheU.S.2023Capacityinmegawatts10,00005,00015,00020,00025,00030,000ConstellationEnergyDukeEnergy26,27010,210TennesseeValleyAuthorityFirstEnergy8,9577,640DominionEnergyIncSouthernCo7,2797,2196,5676,4955,8595,353PublicServiceEnterpriseNextEraEnergyIncEntergyOglethorpePowerMunicipalElectricAuthorityofGeorgiaCItyofDaltonGA5,3535,35323Description:AsofJuly2023,Maryland-basedConstellationEnergyoperatednuclearpowerplantswithatotalcapacityofabout26.3gigawatts,makingittheleadingoperatorofnuclearpowerplantsintheUnitedStates.DukeEnergyrankedsecond,withanuclearcapacityof10.2gigawattsReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;asofJuly2023;figuresrefertonameplatecapacity,byholdingcompanySource(s):ABBGroup;NEIElectricityproductioncostsfornuclearpowerplantsintheUnitedStatesfrom2002to2022(inU.S.dollarspermegawatt-hour)Nuclearplants'powergeneratingcostsintheU.S.2002-20225551.2250454035302548.4344.9543.3240.7839.6537.2736.4635.26200434.45201933.69200232.84202031.17202130.9220222007201020112012201520162017201824Description:ThegenerationofelectricitythroughnuclearpowerplantsintheUnitedStatescost30.92U.S.dollarspermegawatt-hourin2022.Productioncostswerehighestin2012,whentheycameto51.22U.S.dollarsin2022prices,buthavedecreasedeversince.Some772terawatt-hoursofelectricityisgeneratedbyU.S.nuclearplantseveryyear.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2002to2022;Allvaluesarepresentedin2022U.S.dollarsSource(s):ElectricUtilityCostGroup;NEILeadingstates'nuclearfuelexpenditureintheUnitedStatesin2022,byselectedstate(inmillionU.S.dollars)ExpenditureonnuclearfuelsintheU.S.2022,bymajorstateExpenditureinmillionU.S.dollars300

4000100200500600700IllinoisPennsylvaniaSouthCarolinaAlabama641503325.2284.6Georgia256.2255.5TexasNorthCarolinaArizona249.5220.3218.8TennesseeNewJersey179.225Description:In2022,thestateofIllinoisinvestedover20percentofthetotalamountofnuclearfuelspendingintheUnitedStates.Theinvestmentsinnuclearfuelsweremorethandoublethespendingofotherstates.IllinoiswasalsotheleadingnuclearpowerelectricitygeneratorandconsumerintheU.S..ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2022Source(s):EIAAveragedailynuclearcapacityoutagesintheUnitedStatesfromJanuary2019toDecember2023(ingigawatts)AveragedailynuclearcapacityoutagesintheU.S.2019-20232520151050Jan

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'2326Description:Inthelastyears,theaveragedailynuclearcapacityoutageintheUnitedStateswasgreatestinthemonthsofAprilandOctober,reachingnearly22gigawattsinOctober2023.Bycomparison,dailynuclearcapacityoutagesaslowasfourgigawattsareobservedinsummerandwintermonths.Nuclearcapacityoutagesareplannedinmonthsoflowelectricitydemand,whennuclearsiteswouldschedulerefueling,usuallylastingbetween30and50days.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;January2019toDecember2023Source(s):EIAAveragelengthofrefuelingoutagesfornuclearplantsintheUnitedStatesfrom1995to2023*(indays)NuclearrefuelingoutagedaysintheU.S.1995-202390807060504030201995

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202327Description:AsofOctober2023,thenumberofrefuelingoutagesfornuclearpowerplantsintheUnitedStatesstoodat35days,upfrom30in2021.Onaverage,refuelingoutageslastedlongerbefore2013.Theirdurationwasabove40daysperyearinthe1990s,peakingat80in1997.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1995to2023;*Yeartodate,asofOctober3,2023.ReadmoreSource(s):EIA;NRCCHAPTER

05OutlookTotalResearchandDevelopment(R&D)budgetallocatedfornuclearenergybytheDepartmentofEnergyoftheUnitedStates(U.S.)from2021to2023andcongressionalrequestfor2024*(inbillionU.S.dollars)U.S.nuclearenergyR&Dbudgetallocatedin2021-20232.01.81.771.651.561.61.41.21.00.80.60.40.20.01.51202120222023202429Description:ThetotalResearchandDevelopment(R&D)budgetfornuclearenergyallocatedbytheDepartmentofEnergy(DOE)oftheUnitedStateswasaround1.77billionU.S.dollarsinfinancialyear2023.TheU.S.DOE'sR&Dbudgetrequestfornuclearenergyforfinancialyear2024amountedto1.56billionU.S.dollars.?In2021,thenuclearshareofelectricitygenerationintheU.S.wasapproximately20percent.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2021to2024;*Yearsrefertothefinancialyear(FY).**Congressionalrequestforthefinancialyear2024.Dateofreleasesetasdateoflastaccess.

ReadmoreSource(s):USDepartmentofEnergyNuclearenergyproductionintheUnitedStatesin2022withaforecastto2050(interawatt-hours)ProductionofnuclearenergyintheU.S.outlook2022-2050900782772800700600500400300200100075870062562662520222025*2030203520402045205030/statistics/504373/nuclear-energy-production-in-the-us-forecastNuclearenergyproductionintheUnitedStatesisforecasttodecreasesteadilyinthenextdecades.Whilethisfigureamountedtoover770terawatt-hoursin2022,itisprojectedtodeclineto625by2040,withanoveralldecreaseofalmost20percent.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2022;*FiguresfromthisyearonwardsareforecastSource(s):EIANumberofexpiringcommercialnuclearpowerreactoroperatinglicensesintheUnitedStatesfrom2024to2055NuclearreactoroperatinglicensesexpirationsintheU.S.2024-2055121010866664433332221111002024202520262027202820292030203120322033203420352036203720382039204020412042204320442045204620472048204920502051205220532054205531Description:MostnuclearreactorsintheUnitedStateswilllosetheiroperatinglicenseinthe2030sorinthe2040s.In2034alone,10nuclearpowerplantswillneedtheirlicenserenewed.Onlyeightnuclearreactorshaveoperatinglicensesuntil2050orlater.In2022,therewere92operationalnuclearpowerplantsintheU.S.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;asofSeptember2022Source(s):NRCForecastlevelizedcostsofelectricityfornewnuclearpowerplantsintheUnitedStatesin2027and2040(inU.S.dollarspermegawatt-hour)Projectionofnuclearpowerplants'levelizedelectricitycostsU.S.2027&2040ElectricitycostsinU,S,dollarspermegawatt-hour20403020274001020506070809010057.31CapitalcostsFixedoperation&mainten