2022-2023年考博英語-西北工業(yè)大學(xué)模擬考試題含答案解析第28期

2022-2023年考博英語-西北工業(yè)大學(xué)模擬考試題（含答案解析）1.單選題

Researchshouldcontinueoncontrollednuclearfusion,butnoenergyprogramshouldbepremisedonitsexistenceuntilithasprovedpractical.

問題1選項

A.focused

B.concentrated

C.agreed

D.based

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們應(yīng)該繼續(xù)核聚變研究，但是不能把能量項目建立在它存在的......，除非證明它的可行性。focus“集中，聚焦”；concentrate“集中（注意力）”；agree“同意”；base“以……為基礎(chǔ)”。根據(jù)后文的“onitsexistence”可推測出劃線單詞premise的意思是“以……為前提”，選項D符合題意。

2.單選題

Theproposalwasacceptedwith（

）approval.Everybodybelieveditwouldhelprevivethenationaleconomy.

問題1選項

A.unanimous

B.doubtful

C.pleasant

D.searching

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。unanimous“意見一致的”；doubtful“令人生疑的；可疑的”；pleasant“令人愉快的；舒適的”；searching“搜索的；徹查的”。句意：毫無異議地，這項提議被通過。所有人都認(rèn)為它能振興國家經(jīng)濟(jì)。選項A符合題意。

3.單選題

Theorganizationhadbrokennorules,but（

）haditactedresponsibly.

問題1選項

A.neither

B.so

C.either

D.both

【答案】A

【解析】考查連詞。本句式由連詞but連接的并列句結(jié)構(gòu)，前面是否定結(jié)構(gòu)，后面應(yīng)該與其一致，因此選項A符合題意。

4.單選題

Theymakebetteruseofthetimetheyhave,andtheyarelesslikelytosuccumbtofatigueinstressfuljobs.

問題1選項

A.sustain

B.yield

C.endure

D.expose

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們更好地利用時間，并且在有壓力的工作中也不會……疲勞。sustain“維持（生命、生存）”；yield“屈服，投降”；endure“忍耐”；expose“揭露”。根據(jù)“fatigueinstressfuljobs”可以推測劃線單詞的意思是“屈服”，選項B符合題意。

5.單選題

Over-taxation,manyargue,impedesinitiative,sothatgovernmentincomemayactually（

）.

問題1選項

A.mushroom

B.capsize

C.shrink

D.dispel

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。mushroom“迅速增加；迅速生長”；capsize“傾覆；翻覆”；shrink“收縮；畏縮”；dispel"驅(qū)逐；消除（煩惱等）”。句意：很多人認(rèn)為稅收過重會打擊進(jìn)取心，因而政府的收入可能會減少。選項C符合題意。

6.單選題

Aweathermapisanimportanttoolforgeographers.Asuccessionofthreeorfourmapspresentsacontinuouspictureofweatherchanges.Weatherforecastersareabletodeterminethespeedofairmassesandfronts;todeterminewhetheranindividualpressureareaisdeepeningorbecomingshallowandwhetherafrontisincreasingordecreasinginintensity.Theyarealsoabletodeterminewhetheranairmassisretainingitsoriginalcharacteristicsortakingonthoseofthesurfaceoverwhichitismoving.Thus,amostsignificantfunctionofthemapistorevealasynopticpictureofconditionsintheatmosphereatagiventime.

Allstudentsofgeographyshouldbeabletointerpretaweathermapaccurately.Weathermapscontainanenormousamountofinformationaboutweatherconditionsexistingatthetimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalarea.Theyrevealinafewminuteswhatotherwisewouldtakehourstodescribe.TheUnitedStatesWeatherBureauissuesinformationaboutapproachingstorms,floods,frosts,droughts,andallclimaticconditionsingeneral.Twiceamonthitissuesa30-day“outlook”whichisaroughguidetoweatherconditionslikelytooccuroverbroadareasoftheUnitedStates.These30-dayoutlooksarebaseduponananalysisoftheupperairlevelwhichoftensetthestageforthedevelopmentofairmasses,frontsandstorms.

Considerableeffortisbeingexertedtodaytoachievemoreaccurateweatherpredictions.Withtheuseofelectronicinstrumentsandearthsatellites,enormousgainshavetakenplacerecentlyinidentifyingandtrackingstormsoverregionswhichhavebutfewmeteorologicalstations.Extensiveexperimentsarealsoinprogressforweathermodificationstudies.

1.OnecharacteristicofweathermapsNOTmentionedbytheauthorinthispassageis（

）.

2.The30-dayforecastisdeterminedbyexamining

（

）.

3.Theobservationofweatherconditionsbysatellitesisadvantageousbecauseit

（

）.

4.Atthepresenttime,experimentsarebeingconductedin（

）.

5.Aweathermapissynopticbecauseit（

）.

問題1選項

A.fronts

B.changesintemperature

C.frost

D.windspeed

問題2選項

A.dailyweathermaps

B.upperairlevels

C.satellitereports

D.changingfronts

問題3選項

A.ismodernandprofitableforthecompaniesinvolved

B.useselectronicinstrumentstomeasuretheweatheronadailybasis

C.enablesmantoeasilyaltertheweathertohisadvantageandprofit

D.givesthescientistsinformationnotobtainedreadilyotherwise

問題4選項

A.manipulatingweather

B.determiningdensityofpressuregroups

C.satellites

D.controllingstorms

問題5選項

A.summarizesagreatdealofinformation

B.appearsdaily

C.showschangingfronts

D.canbeinterpretedaccurately

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“以下選項中哪個沒在文章中被提到？”文章第一段提到“天氣預(yù)報員可以確定氣團(tuán)和氣鋒……”（Weatherforecastersareabletodeterminethespeedofairmassesandfronts...）；文章第二段提到“美國國家氣象局通常發(fā)布有關(guān)即將到來的暴風(fēng)雨、洪水、霜凍、干旱和所有氣候情況的信息”（heUnitedStatesWeatherBureauissuesinformationaboutapproachingstorms,floods,frosts,droughts,andallclimaticconditionsingeneral），由此可知，只有選項B沒有被提及，符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“30天的預(yù)報是由什么決定的？”文章第二段最后一句話提到“這三十天的天氣預(yù)報建立在對上層空氣分析的基礎(chǔ)上，而上層空氣經(jīng)常為氣團(tuán)、氣鋒和暴風(fēng)雨的發(fā)展創(chuàng)造條件”（These30-dayoutlooksarebaseduponananalysisoftheupperairlevelwhichoftensetthestageforthedevelopmentofairmasses,frontsandstorms），由此可知選項B“上層空氣”符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“衛(wèi)星來觀測天氣的優(yōu)勢是什么？”文章最后一段提到“通過電子儀器和地球衛(wèi)星，人們近年來在識別和跟蹤僅有少量氣象站的地區(qū)的暴風(fēng)雨方面取得了很大的收獲”（Withtheuseofelectronicinstrumentsandearthsatellites,enormousgainshavetakenplacerecentlyinidentifyingandtrackingstormsoverregionswhichhavebutfewmeteorologicalstations），選項D“提供給科學(xué)家們在其他方面不容易獲得的信息”符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“實驗正在哪些方面操作？”文章最后一段最后一句話提到“大量實驗正在為了氣象改造而被進(jìn)行著”（Extensiveexperimentsarealsoinprogressforweathermodificationstudies），因此選項A“操縱天氣”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“為什么說氣象圖是氣象學(xué)？”文章第二段提到“氣象圖包含著大量關(guān)于天氣情況的信息，這些天氣情況在觀察時間存在于一個大的地理區(qū)域上”（Weathermapscontainanenormousamountofinformationaboutweatherconditionsexistingatthetimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalarea），選項A“包含很多信息”符合題意。

7.單選題

Chineseoftenshakemyhandanddon’tletgo.Theytalkawaycontentedly,（

）ofmydiscomfortandstruggletodisengagemyhand.

問題1選項

A.oblivious

B.patent

C.obvious

D.pernicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。oblivious“不知道的；未覺察到的”；patent“專利的；顯然的”；obvious“明顯的；顯著的”；pernicious“有害的；惡性的。句意：中國人經(jīng)常握住我的手不放。他們非常滿意地交流，沒有察覺到我的不舒服和試圖解開自己的手。選項A符合題意。

8.單選題

FromWillink’s（

）manner,peoplecantellthatheisofroyalbirth.

問題1選項

A.boorish

B.regal

C.rude

D.vulgar

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。boorish“粗野的；粗魯?shù)摹?；regal“王室的；莊嚴(yán)的；豪華的”；rude“粗魯?shù)模粺o禮的”；vulgar“粗俗的；通俗的”。句意：從威克林王室的舉止來看，人們能判斷他出生皇室。選項B符合題意。

9.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

SinglesDaywasbegunbyChinesecollegestudentsinthe1990sasaversionofValentine’sDayforpeoplewithoutromanticpartners.Thetimingwasbasedonthedate:Nov.11,or“11.11”—foursingles.Unattachedyoungpeoplewouldtreateachothertodinnerorgivegiftstowoothatspecialsomeoneandendtheirsinglestatus.

Thatgift-givinghelpedtoturnitintoamajorshoppingeventassellersofeverythingfromjewelrytoTVstocarssawamarketingopportunityandlaunchedSinglesDaysales.ItisChina’sanswertoCyberMondayintheUnitedStates—thedayafterThanksgivingweekend,whenonlineChristmasshoppingbeingsandmerchantshavetheirbusiestsalesday.

【答案】光棍節(jié)源于上世紀(jì)90年代的中國大學(xué)生中，對于沒有浪漫伴侶的人來說，這是另一個情人節(jié)。時間是11月11日或者11?11——4個單身。單身的年輕人彼此之間聚餐或者送禮物給那個特別的人來結(jié)束他們的單身狀態(tài)。

送禮物把光棍節(jié)變成了一個重要的購物活動，從珠寶到電視到汽車等的銷售商們都從中看到了商機(jī)，并推出了光棍節(jié)銷售活動。光棍節(jié)相當(dāng)于美國的“網(wǎng)絡(luò)星期一”，即感恩節(jié)周末后的一天，網(wǎng)上圣誕節(jié)購物開始，商人們開始了他們繁忙的銷售日。

10.單選題

Asordinarypeople,scientistsarebynomeansmorehonestor（

）thanotherpeople,butasscientist,theyattachspecialvaluetohonestwhiletheyareintheirworkingsphere.

問題1選項

A.ethical

B.ethnic

C.aesthetic

D.esthetic

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。ethical“道德的，倫理的”；ethnic“民族的，種族的”；aesthetic“審美的，美學(xué)的”；esthetic“審美的”。句意：科學(xué)家作為普通人，沒有辦法比其他人更誠實或者品德高尚；但是作為科學(xué)家，他們在工作領(lǐng)域中更加重視誠實。選項A符合題意。

11.單選題

Togetachocolateoutofaboxrequiresaconsiderableamountofunpacking:theboxhastobetakenoutofthepaperbaginwhichitarrived;thecellophanewrapperhastobetomoff，thelidopenedandthepaperremoved;thechocolateitselfthenhastobeunwrappedfromitsownpieceofpaper.Butthisinsaneamountofwrappingisnotconfinedtoluxuries.Itisnowbecomingincreasinglydifficulttobuyanythingthatisnotdoneupincellophane,polythene,orpaper.

Amachinehasbeendevelopedthatpulpspaperthenprocessesitintopackaging,e.g.egg-boxesandcartons.Thiscouldbeeasilyadaptedforlocalauthorityuse.Itwouldmeanthatpeoplewouldhavetoseparatetheirrefuseintopaperandnon-paper,withadifferentdustbinforeach.Paperis,infact,probablythematerialthatcanbemosteasilyrecycled;andnow,withmassiveincreasesinpaperprices,thetimehascomeatwhichcollectionbylocalauthoritiescouldbeprofitable.

Recyclingofthiskindisalreadyhappeningwithmilkbottles,whicharereturnedtothedairies,washedout,andrefilled.Butbothglassandpaperarebeingthreatenedbythegrowinguseofplastic.Moreandmoredairiesareexperimentingwithplasticbottles,andithasbeenestimatedthatifallthemilkbottlesnecessaryweremadeofplastic,thenBritishdairieswouldbeproducingtheequivalentofenoughplastictubingtoencircletheeartheveryfiveorsixdays!

Thetroublewithplasticisthatitdoesnotrot.Someenvironmentalistsarguethattheonlysolutiontotheproblemofevergrowingmoundsofplasticcontainersistodoawaywithplasticaltogetherintheshops,asuggestionunacceptabletomanymanufacturerswhosaythereisnoalternativetotheirhandyplasticpacks.

1.“Thisinsaneamountofwrappingisnotconfinedtoluxuries”(line4)means（

）.

2.The“l(fā)ocalauthorities”are

（

）.

3.Ifpaperistoberecycled

（

）.

4.Britishdairiesare

（

）.

5.Theenvironmentaliststhinkthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.notenoughwrappingisusedforluxuries

B.morewrappingisusedforluxuriesthanforordinaryproducts

C.itisnotonlyforluxuryproductsthattoomuchwrappingisused

D.thewrappingusedforluxuryproductsisunnecessary

問題2選項

A.theTownCouncil

B.thepolice

C.thepapermanufacturers

D.themostinfluentialcitizens

問題3選項

A.moreforestswillhavetobeplanted

B.theuseofpaperbagswillhavetoberestricted

C.peoplewillhavetousedifferentdustbinsfortheirrubbish

D.thelocalauthoritieswillhavetoreducethepriceofpaper

問題4選項

A.producingenoughplastictubinginlessthanaweek

B.givinguptheuseofglassbottles

C.increasingtheproductionofplasticbottles

D.re-usingtheiroldglassbottles

問題5選項

A.moreplasticpackagingshouldbeused

B.plasticisthemostconvenientformofpackaging

C.toomuchplasticiswasted

D.shopsshouldstopusingplasticcontainers

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第一段最后兩句話提到“但是這種瘋狂的大量包裝并不僅僅限于奢侈品?，F(xiàn)在很難買到?jīng)]有被玻璃紙、聚乙烯或者紙包裝的東西了”（Butthisinsaneamountofwrappingisnotconfinedtoluxuries.Itisnowbecomingincreasinglydifficulttobuyanythingthatisnotdoneupincellophane,polythene,orpaper），因此選項C“不僅奢侈品被包裝，普通商品也一樣”符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。文章第二段第三句話提到“這種機(jī)器很容易為localauthority所用。它意味著人們需要將垃圾分為紙質(zhì)或非紙質(zhì)垃圾”（Itwouldmeanthatpeoplewouldhavetoseparatetheirrefuseintopaperandnon-paper,withadifferentdustbinforeach），這個authority管理居民分垃圾的事情，說明是相關(guān)政府機(jī)構(gòu)，選項A符合題意。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第二段第一句話提到“有一個機(jī)器能夠把紙熔化成紙漿再加工成外包裝紙，比如裝雞蛋的箱子，和紙板盒”（Amachinehasbeendevelopedthatpulpspaperthenprocessesitintopackaging,e.g.egg-boxesandcartons）；第三句話提到“它意味著人們需要將垃圾分為紙質(zhì)或非紙質(zhì)垃圾”（Itwouldmeanthatpeoplewouldhavetoseparatetheirrefuseintopaperandnon-paper,withadifferentdustbinforeach），選項C“人們將用不同的垃圾桶來裝垃圾”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。文章第三段提到“越來越多的乳制品正在嘗試塑料瓶，如果所有牛奶瓶相關(guān)材料都使用塑料制品，可以預(yù)計英國乳制品五六天生產(chǎn)的塑料管就可以圍繞地球轉(zhuǎn)一圈”（Moreandmoredairiesareexperimentingwithplasticbottles,andithasbeenestimatedthatifallthemilkbottlesnecessaryweremadeofplastic,thenBritishdairieswouldbeproducingtheequivalentofenoughplastictubingtoencircletheeartheveryfiveorsixdays），選項A“在不到一周的時間里生產(chǎn)足夠的塑料管”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章最后一段提到“一些環(huán)保人士認(rèn)為解決這個問題的唯一辦法是制止商店使用塑料”（Someenvironmentalistsarguethattheonlysolutiontotheproblemofevergrowingmoundsofplasticcontainersistodoawaywithplasticaltogetherintheshops），因此選項D符合題意。

12.單選題

Thepolicechiefannouncedthatthedeathsoftwoyounggirlswouldsoonbeinquired（

）.

問題1選項

A.about

B.of

C.into

D.after

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。inquireabout“詢問；查問；打聽”；inquireof“詢問；打聽”inquireinto“調(diào)查；追究”；inquireafter“問候；詢問起”。句意：警察局長宣布著兩位年輕女孩的死因?qū)ⅠR上被調(diào)查。選項C符合題意。

13.單選題

Mr.Jenkinsdrovealongathisusualhighspeed（

）forpolicecarsinhismirrorfromtimetotimetomakesurehewassafe.

問題1選項

A.pullingout

B.runningthrough

C.goingahead

D.watchingout

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。pullout“離開；撤離；拔出”；runthrough“跑著穿過；瀏覽；揮霍”；goahead“前進(jìn)；進(jìn)行”；watchout“小心；提防”。句意：詹金森先生以自己平時的高速開車，時不時從后視鏡提防警察，確保自己是安全的。選項D符合題意。

14.單選題

Youwillonlybeallowedtoleaveearlyin（

）circumstances.

問題1選項

A.exceptional

B.coincidental

C.peculiar

D.imperative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。exceptional“特殊的；例外的”；coincidental“巧合的”；peculiar“不尋常的；特有的；古怪的”；imperative“緊急的；不可避免的；必要的”。句意：你只有在特殊時刻才被允許提前離開。選項A符合題意。

15.單選題

Beingbothspoiledandlazy,theboy（

）everyoneelseforhislackofsuccess.

問題1選項

A.criticized

B.blamed

C.charged

D.accused

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。criticize“批評”；blame“責(zé)備，歸咎于”；charge“控訴，告誡”；accuse“控告，譴責(zé)”。blame常與for連用；charge后跟for；accuse后接of。根據(jù)“forhislackofsuccess”可知選項B符合題意。

16.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish

科學(xué)實驗的重要性

現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的興起也許要追溯到羅杰·培根的時代。羅杰·培根是牛津杰出的僧侶和哲學(xué)家。他出生于1214年，死于1292年。他可能是中世紀(jì)第一個提出我們必須通過對周圍事物進(jìn)行觀察和實驗來學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)的人，他自己也有許多卓越的發(fā)現(xiàn)。然而，生活在三百多年之后的伽利略（1564-1642），卻是好幾個偉大人物中最偉大的一個，這些人在意大利、法國、德國和英國開始逐步使人們看到許多重要的真理是可以通過掌握得當(dāng)?shù)挠^察去發(fā)現(xiàn)的。在伽利略之前，學(xué)者們相信大的物體掉到地面比小的物體要快，因為亞里士多德是這樣說的?？墒琴だ缘巧媳人_斜塔的頂端，讓兩個體積不相等的鐵球同時落地，從而向一些他帶去觀看實驗的朋友們證明，亞里士多德錯了。正是伽利略的這種直接到大自然中去通過實驗來證明我們的判斷和理論的精神，導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的偉大發(fā)現(xiàn)。

【答案】TheImportanceofScientificExperiments

TheriseofmodernsciencemayperhapsdatebacktothetimeofRogerBacon,theoutstandingmonkandphilosopherofOxford,whowasbornon1241,anddiedon1292.Hewasprobablythemanwhofirstlyproposedthatwemuststudysciencebyobservingandexperimentingonthesurroundingthings,andmademanyremarkablediscoverieshimself.However,Galileo,wholivedmorethan300yearslater,wasthegreatestofseveralgreatmen.Theyshowedpeoplehowmanyimportanttruthscouldbediscoveredbywell-directedobservationinItaly,France,Germany,orEngland.BeforethetimeofGalileo,scholarsbelievedthatlargeobjectsfalltothegroundfasterthansmallones,becauseAristotlesaidso.GoingtothetopoftheLeaningTowerofPisa,Galileoletfalltwounequalironballsatthesametime,andprovedtothosewhomhehadbroughttheretoseehisexperimentthatAristotlewaswrong.ItwasGalileo’sspiritofgoingdirecttoNature,andprovingouropinionsandtheoriesthroughexperiments,thatledtothegreatdiscoveriesofmodernsociety.

17.單選題

Cyberspace,datasuperhighways,multimedia—forthosewhohaveseenthefuture,thelinkingofcomputers,televisionandtelephoneswillchangeourlivesforever.Yetforallthetalkofaforthcomingtechnologicalutopialittleattentionhasbeengiventotheimplicationsofthesedevelopmentsforthepoor.Aswithallnewhightechnology,whiletheWestconcernsitselfwiththe‘‘how’’,thequestionof“forwhom”isputasideonceagain.

Economistsareonlynowrealizingthefullextenttowhichthecommunicationsrevolutionhasaffectedtheworldeconomy.Informationtechnologyallowstheextensionoftradeacrossgeographicalandindustrialboundaries,andtransnationalcorporationstakefulladvantageofit.Termsoftrade,exchangeandinterestratesandmoneymovementsaremoreimportantthantheproductionofgoods.Theelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarket―withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots.

Forthemtheresultisinstability.Developingcountrieswhichrelyontheproductionofasmallrangeofgoodsforexportaremadetofeellikesmallpartsintheinternationaleconomicmachine.As“futures”aretradedoncomputerscreens,developingcountriessimplyhavelessandlesscontroloftheirdestinies.Sowhataretheoptionsforregainingcontrol?Onealternativeisfordevelopingcountriestobuyinthelatestcomputersandtelecommunicationsthemselves—so-called“developmentcommunications”modernization.Yetthisleadstolong-termdependencyandperhapspermanentconstraintsondevelopingcountries’economies.

CommunicationstechnologyisgenerallyexportedfromtheU.S.Europe,orJapan;thepatents,skillsandabilitytomanufactureremaininthehandsofafewindustrializedcountries.Itisalsoexpensive,andimportedproductsandservicesmustthereforebeboughtoncredit-creditusuallyprovidedbytheverycountrieswhosecompaniesstandtogain.

Furthermore,whennewtechnologyisintroducedthereisoftentoolowalevelofexpertisetoexploititfornativedevelopment.Thismeansthatwhilelocalelites,foreigncommunitiesandsubsidiariesoftransitionalcorporationsmaybenefit,thosewhoselivesdependonaccesstotheinformationaredeniedit.

1.Fromthepassageweknowthatthedevelopmentofhightechnologyisintheinterestof（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

3.Whydoestheauthorsaythattheelectroniceconomymayhaveadestructiveimpactdevelopingcountries?

4.Thedevelopmentofmoderncommunicationstechnologyindevelopingcountriesmay

（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecommunicationsrevolutionis（

）.

問題1選項

A.therichcountries

B.scientificdevelopment

C.theelite

D.theworldeconomy

問題2選項

A.internationaltradeshouldbeexpanded

B.theinternationalofthepoorcountrieshavenotbeengivenenoughconsideration

C.theexportsofthepoorcountriesshouldbeincreased

D.communicationstechnologyinthedevelopingcountriesshouldbemodernized

問題3選項

A.Becauseitenablesthedevelopedcountriestocontroltheinternationalmarket.

B.Becauseitdestroystheeconomicbalanceofthepoorcountries

C.Becauseitviolatesthenationalboundariesofthepoorcountries.

D.Becauseitinhibitstheindustrialgrowthofdevelopingcountries.

問題4選項

A.hindertheirindustrialproduction

B.causethemtolosecontroloftheirtrade

C.forcethemtoreducetheirshareofexports

D.costthemtheireconomicindependence

問題5選項

A.positive

B.ritical

C.indifferent

D.tolerant

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第二段最后一句提到“信息科技使得電子經(jīng)濟(jì)成為可能，這將讓富裕國家加強(qiáng)對全球市場的控制，而對貧困國家則是毀滅性的影響”（Theelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarket―withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots），由此可知，高科技的發(fā)展意味著富裕國家的利益不斷增加，選項A符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。文章第一段提到對于那些看得見未來的人來說，計算機(jī)、電視和電話將永遠(yuǎn)改變我們的生活；但是卻很少有人關(guān)注這些科技的發(fā)展對窮人的影響（forthosewhohaveseenthefuture,thelinkingofcomputers,televisionandtelephoneswillchangeourlivesforever.Yetforallthetalkofaforthcomingtechnologicalutopialittleattentionhasbeengiventotheimplicationsofthesedevelopmentsforthepoor），由此可知貧困國家的利益并沒有得到重視，選項B符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。文章第二段最后一句提到“信息科技使得電子經(jīng)濟(jì)成為可能，這將讓富裕國家加強(qiáng)對全球市場的控制，而對貧困國家則是毀滅性的影響”（Theelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarket―withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots），由此可知，由于電子經(jīng)濟(jì)會使得全球市場掌控在富裕國家手中，因而貧窮國家的利益將會受到損害，選項A符題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第三段主要講述了通信技術(shù)對發(fā)展中國家的影響。文章提到發(fā)展中國家對自己命運(yùn)的掌控越來越少，為了重新獲得控制權(quán)，它們會考慮通信現(xiàn)代化（“developmentcommunications”modernization），但是這樣做的后果是會導(dǎo)致長期依賴和對本國經(jīng)濟(jì)永久地制約（Yetthisleadstolong-termdependencyandperhapspermanentconstraintsondevelopingcountries’economies），由此可知選項D“付出了經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立的代價”符合題意。

第5題:觀點態(tài)度題。文章討論的主要內(nèi)容是通信技術(shù)對發(fā)展中國家的負(fù)面影響，作者對此是持否定態(tài)度的，因此，選項B“批判的”符合題意。

18.單選題

Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.

AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.

Imitatingthebrain'sneural（神經(jīng)的）networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence.“Peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors”,heexplains,“butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.TherearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsWhereonestageofchilddevelopmenthasbeenleftout,ornotsufficientlyexperienced,thechildmayhavetobackandcapturetheexperienceofit.Agoodhomemakesthispossible,forexamplebyprovidingtheopportunityforthechildtoplaywithaclockworkcarortoyrailwaytrainuptoanyageifhestillneedstodoso.Thisprinciple,infact,underliesallpsychologicaltreatmentofchildrenindifficultieswiththeirdevelopment,andisthebasisofworkinchildclinics.

Thebeginningsofdisciplineareinthenursery.Eventheyoungestbabyistaughtbygradualstageswaitforfood,tosleepandwakeatregularintervalsandsoon.Ifthechildfeelstheworldaroundhimisawarmandfriendlyone,heslowlyacceptsitsrhythmandaccustomshimselftoconformingtoitsdemands.Learningtowaitforthings,particularlyforfood,isaveryimportantelementinupbringing,andisachievedsuccessfullyonlyiftoogreatdemandsarenotmadebeforethechildcanunderstandthem.

Everyparentwatcheseagerlythechild'sacquisitionofeachnewskill—thefirstspokenwords,thefirstindependentsteps,orthebeginningofreadingandwriting.Itisoftentemptingtohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningrate,butthiscansetupdangerousfeelingoffailureandstatesofanxietyinthechild.Thismighthappenatanystage.Ababymightbeforcedtouseatoilettooearly,ayoungchildmightbeencouragedtolearntoreadbeforeheknowsthemeaningofthewordshereads.Ontheotherhand,though,ifachildisleftalonetoomuch,orwithoutanylearningopportunities,heloseshisnaturalzestforlifeandhisdesiretofindoutnewthingsforhimself.

Learningtogetherisafruitfulsourceofrelationshipbetweenchildrenandparents.Byplayingtogether,parentslearnmoreabouttheirchildrenandchildrenlearnmorefromtheirparents.Toysandgameswhichbothparentsandchildrencanshareareanimportantmeansofachievingthiscooperation.Building-blocktoys,jigsawpuzzlesandcrosswordaregoodexamples.

Parentsvarygreatlyintheirdegreeofstrictnessorindulgencetowardstheirchildren.Somemaybeespeciallystrictinmoneymatters,othersaresevereovertimesofcominghomeatnight,punctualityformealsorpersonalcleanliness.Ingeneral,thecontrolsimposedrepresenttheneedsoftheparentsandthevaluesofthecommunityasmuchasthechild’sownhappinessandwell-being.

1.Theprincipleunderlyingalltreatmentofdevelopmentaldifficultiesinchildren（

）.

2.Thechildinthenursery

（

）.

3.Theencouragementofchildrentoachievenewskills

（

）.

4.Jigsawpuzzlesare

（

）.

5.Parentalcontrolsanddiscipline（

）.

問題1選項

A.istosendthemtoclinics

B.offersrecaptureofearlierexperiences

C.isintheprovisionofclockworktoysandtrains

D.istocapturethembeforetheyaresufficientlyexperienced

問題2選項

A.quicklylearnstowaitforfood

B.doesn'tinitiallysleepandwakeatregularinterval