人教版高中英語選修八課件Unit2SectionⅠ

英語選修⑧·人教版新課標導(dǎo)學(xué)Unit2

CloningSectionⅠ

Warmingup；Pre-reading，Reading&Comprehending1自主預(yù)習(xí)2合作探究3鞏固提升4課時作業(yè)自主預(yù)習(xí)Ⅰ.單詞速記1．

_____________(vt.)著手；從事；承擔2．________________(n.)突破3．_____________(n.)程序；步驟；手續(xù)4．______________(adv.)總共；完全地5．__________(vt.)獲得；贏得6．differ(vi.)不同；相異→_____________(adj.)不同的；相異的→______________(n.)差異undertake

breakthrough

procedure

altogether

obtain

different

difference

7．object(vi.)反對；不贊成→_____________(n.)不贊成；反對；異議8．medium(n.)媒介；手段；工具→_________(復(fù)數(shù))9．forbid(vt.)禁止；不準；阻止；妨礙→過去式___________→過去分詞_____________10．a(chǎn)ccumulate(vt.&vi.)積累；聚積→________________(n.)積累objection

media

forbade

forbidden

accumulation

Ⅱ.短語互譯1．pay_______得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；償清2．cast________使失望；使沮喪3．object______反對；不贊成4．in__________of贊成；支持5．beready_______為……做好準備6．______theonehand一方面7．be_______________to對……適宜8．haveagreatimpact______對……有很大影響9．______one’sown屬于某人自己的10．provide..._______...為……提供……off

down

to

favour

for

on

appropriate

on

of

for

2．...halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.[公式]…倍數(shù)＋名詞(長度、大小、年齡等)＋of＋名詞[仿寫]這個大廳是我校大廳的三倍大。Thehallis_________________________theoneofourschool.3．Scientistsstillwonderwhethercloningwillhelporharmus...[公式]．..wonder＋whether等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句[仿寫]我對他能否按時完成這項任務(wù)感到困惑。I___________________hecanfinishthetaskintime.threetimesthesizeof

wonderwhether

Ⅳ.課文理解(Ⅰ)閱讀課文，選出最佳答案1．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutcloningisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext？______A．Cloningissomethingthathasbeendevelopedveryquicklyrecently.B．Cloninghastwomajoruses.C．Cloningisusedbyresearcherstodevelopnewplants.D．Animalcloningismuchmoredifficultthanplantcloning.A

2．ThecloningofDollythesheepsucceededbecause______.A．it’seasiertocloneasheepthanotheranimalsB．thescientistsweredeterminedandworkedhardwithpatienceC．thescientistswererewardedandgotlotsofmoneyD．manyotherattemptstoclonemammalsfailed3．Thesheepthatdonatedthesomaticcell(體細胞)mostprobablylived______years.A．3 B．6

C．9 D．13B

D

4．Wecaninferfromthelastthreeparagraphsthat______.A．Dolly’sappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsB．Dolly’sseriousdiseaseandfinaldeathdisturbedthewholeworldC．DollysuccessfullyclonedanewlambwiththehelpofcloningscientistsD．therewereargumentsaboutanimalcloningandconcernsaboutthefutureofcloning5．Themainideaofthetextis______.A．a(chǎn)nimalcloningisveryvaluableandcanbenefittheworldB．a(chǎn)nimalcloningcouldbemisusedbybadpeoplesoitmustbeforbiddenC．a(chǎn)nimalcloningiswelldevelopedbecauseDollythesheepwasbornD．a(chǎn)nimalcloningraisedargumentsandscientistsarenotsureaboutitsfutureD

D

making

while/but

failed

determination

a

objections

length

Atpresentsomecountriesbegantoreformtheirlegalsystemsand8.___________________(forbid)researchintohumancloning,but9._________countrieslikeChinaandtheUK,continuedtoaccumulateevidenceoftheabundantmedicalaid10.________cloningcouldprovide.forbade/forbad

other

that

尋規(guī)巧記詞v.＋-(t)ive→adj.pay＋adv./prep.→動詞短語active活躍的selective挑選的sensitive敏感的competitive競爭的positive積極的payoff償清(債務(wù))payin存入，存款payback償還(借款)，報答payfor支付……的費用合作探究①Ourviewsonthesubjectdiffer.我們對這個問題見解不同。②Hermethoddoesn’tdiffermuchfrommine.她的方法跟我的沒有很大不同。③Theydifferwitheachotheronmoralstandards.關(guān)于道德標準，他們的見解不同。

核心詞匯1．differvi.不同；相異；持不同看法differentadj.不同的；各種的differentlyadv.不同地differencen．不同(之處)；差別differfrom不同于differin...在……上不同；對……持不同的看法differwith/fromsb.on/aboutsth.在某事上和某人意見不一致bedifferentfrom與……不同tellthedifferencebetweenAandB辨別A與B的區(qū)別makeadifference有作用；有影響單句語法填空①Frenchdiffers________Englishinthisrespect.②Thetwosquaresdiffer________colorbutnot______size.③(2018·全國卷Ⅲ改編)Thestyleofthecampusisquite_____________(differ)fromthatofmostChineseuniversities.④Ignoringthe______________(differ)betweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.完成句子⑤Itishowyoureacttofailuresthat________________________.你對失敗的反應(yīng)對將來的生活有影響。from

in

in

different

difference

makesadifference

①Whatwerehisexactwords?他的原話是什么？②Shegaveanexactdescriptionoftheattacker.她對襲擊者的特征作了準確的描述。③Weneedtoknowtheexacttimetheaccidenthappened.我們需要了解事情發(fā)生的確切時間。④Sheisinherearlythirties—thirty-twotobeexact.她30出頭，確切地說是32歲。2．exactadj.

準確的；精確的tobeexact準確地說exactlyadv.精確地；一點不錯exactlyspeaking準確地說notexactly(糾正對方剛說過的話)不完全如此表示“在……方面準確”時，exact后接介詞in，即beexactin。單句語法填空①Youhaven’tchangedatall;youstilllook___________(exact)thesame.②__________(be)exact,hewrotetennovelsaltogether.完成句子③Canyoutellmethe________________(確切的路線)thattheytook?④—Sohetoldyouyou’dgotthejob?—________________(不完全是這樣),buthesaidhewasveryimpressedwithmyperformance.exactly

Tobe

exactroute

Notexactly

①Thelawyerundertookthecasewithoutafee.這位律師免費承辦那個案子。②Sheundertooktheorganizationofthewholescheme.她負責(zé)整個計劃的組織工作。③Heundertooktobehereatteno’clock.他答應(yīng)十點鐘到這兒來。3．undertakevt.(undertook；undertaken)著手；從事；承擔；許諾undertakeatask承擔任務(wù)undertakeanattack發(fā)動進攻undertaketodosth.答應(yīng)做某事undertakefor...為……負責(zé)undertakingn.任務(wù)；事業(yè)；企業(yè)undertakethat承諾/答應(yīng)undertooktoreturn

undertookasurveyon

can’tundertakethat

他總是承擔超出他能力所及之事。①Howmuchdothegoodscostaltogether?這些貨物一共花費多少錢？②Thetrainwentslowerandsloweruntilitstoppedaltogether.火車越來越慢，最后完全停了。③LiPingworkshard；shealwayshelpsothers.Altogether，sheisagoodgirl.李萍工作努力，總是幫助別人。總之，她是個好女孩。完成句子①Itissaidthat_________________________________(總共100名畢業(yè)生)haveappliedforthepost.②Whathadoccurredindicatedthatthisdidnotpreventdisease______________(完全),butcouldreduceitsseverity.③Thehotelwasnice;theweatherwaswarm;thebeacheswerebeautiful.______________(總之)I’dsayitwasagreattrip.100graduatesaltogether

altogether

Altogether

5．objectionn.

不贊成；反對；極不愿意；抗議(1)raise/voiceanobjectionto...對……提出異議Thereisnoobjectionto...沒有什么不可以的havenoobjectionto(doing)sth.不反對(做)……(2)object

v．不贊成；反對；抗議objectto(doing)sth.反對、抗議(做)某事(3)objectiveadj.如實的，客觀的，無偏見的object，opposeobject表示“反對”，為不及物動詞，接賓語時需加介詞tooppose表示“反對”，為及物動詞，接賓語時不需加介詞to。beopposedto...表示“反對……”，“和……相反”單句語法填空①Theroadwasbuiltinspiteofthestrong______________(object)fromthelocalpeople.②Tohissurprise,therearesomanypeoplewhoobject______theplan.③Theyoungmanstronglyobjectedto___________(get)upearlyinthemorning.單句改錯④Hestronglyobjectstobetreatedlikeachild._____________objections

to

getting

be→being

obtainsth.(forsb.)取得某物；(經(jīng)買、借、拿等)獲得，得到某物obtainfrom從……中得到①Iobtainedthisrecordforyouwithdifficulty.我好不容易為你弄到了這張唱片。②Sheobtainedherdoctor’sdegreein2016.她2016年獲得了博士學(xué)位。③Thebookscanbeobtainedfromthelibrary.這些書可以在圖書館里借到。6．obtainvt.獲得；贏得attainvt.獲得；到達(水平、年齡、狀況等)①Heattainedhisambitionatlast.他終于實現(xiàn)了她的抱負。②Onattaining20，shewillapplyforthejob.一到20歲她就要申請這份工作。①attain常指經(jīng)過不懈努力獲得未曾預(yù)料的結(jié)果；也可指達到某一目標。②obtain一般用于正式文體中。指經(jīng)過較長時間的努力或奮斗獲得所需之物，強調(diào)愿望得到滿足。③achieve多指取得成就、目標、幸福。④earn表示經(jīng)過艱苦努力而得到報酬，或得到了理應(yīng)享有的某種待遇，其賓語多為金錢、榮譽等。⑤gain指通過斗爭、競爭或付出勞動而獲得某種優(yōu)勢或達到某種目的。其賓語通常是經(jīng)驗、優(yōu)勢、利益、好處等。⑥get最常用，可指主動去“獲得，得到”，也可能是被迫“接受”，有時指不一定需要主動或付出很大努力就能得到。⑦win多指在競賽中“獲得，贏得”，有時也用于指在戰(zhàn)爭中“獲得”勝利，賓語通常是比賽、戰(zhàn)斗、戰(zhàn)爭等。⑧acquire指通過努力、能力、行為表現(xiàn)等“獲得，得到”，其賓語多為知識、技術(shù)、能力等。補全句子①He________________________________(已到35歲)whengettingmarried.②I______________________(買得這部車)forhalftherequiredprice.③Anathletemust__________(達到)anagreedstandardfortheOlympics.attainedtheageof35

obtainedthecar

attain

①HisparentsforbadehimtowatchTVatnight.他的父母不允許他晚上看電視。②Thenewlawforbidssmokinginoffices.新法律禁止在辦公室抽煙。7．forbidvt.

禁止；不準forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事forbidsb.sth.禁止某人得到某物forbidsb.doingsth.禁止某人做某事forbiddoingsth.禁止做某事forbiddenadj.被禁止的；禁止的strictlyforbidden嚴格禁止It’sforbiddentodosth.禁止做某事forbiddenfruit/zones禁果/禁區(qū)theForbiddenCity紫禁城Parkingforbidden！＝Noparking!禁止停車！forbid后面不能直接跟動詞不定式作賓語，而是跟動名詞作賓語，但可以用forbidsb.todosth.。isforbidden

toforbid

③Tooursurprise,we___________________toenterthehallbytheguard.解析：句意：使我們吃驚的是，衛(wèi)兵禁止我們進入大廳。考查被動語態(tài)。主語we不能發(fā)出forbid的動作，用被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。④Astheysay,the_____________fruitcanbetempting.解析：句意：正如他們所說，禁止的水果可能有誘惑力?？疾檫^去分詞作定語。被修飾詞“水果”與“禁止”為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作定語。wereforbidden

forbidden

補全句子她的父親禁止他們結(jié)婚。⑤Herfatherforbade___________________.⑥Herfatherforbade___________________.⑦Theywere________________________byherfather.theirmarriage

themtomarry

forbiddentomarry

①得到好結(jié)果；取得成功Didyourplanpayoff?你的計劃成功了嗎？Herhardworkfinallypaidoff—shecamefirstintheEnglishcontest.她的努力最終得到了回報——英語競賽中她得了第一名。重點短語1．payoff②付清；償清Wepaidoffourdebtafterfifteenyears.我們歷經(jīng)15年時間終于還清了債務(wù)。③解雇；遣散Thecrewwerepaidoffassoonastheshipdocked.船一泊港，船員就被解雇了。

paysth.off全部償還；償清paysb.off付清某人工資并解雇payfor買……；為……付款；為……付出代價payback還錢；償還；報復(fù)paymoneyforsth.付錢買……payout付出大筆款項；放松payup付清欠款單句語法填空①Oncewe’vepaid_______thedebts,we’llowemoneytonoone.②Canyoulendmesomemoney?I’llpayyou________onFriday.③Ifyougoforalongrideinafriend’scar,it’sthecustomtooffertopay_______someoftheexpenses.單句改錯④Histwelveyearsofhardworkwaspaidoffwhenhewasadmittedtoakeyuniversity._________________off

back

for

去掉第一個was

①Anybodywouldbecastdownatsuchbadnews.這樣的壞消息誰聽了都會感到沮喪。②Hewasmuchcastdownbyhisfailuretofindwork.他找不到工作十分泄氣。③Hewascastdownbytheresultoftheexperiment.他被實驗的結(jié)果搞得很沮喪。2．castdown沮喪；不愉快castaside把……丟在一旁；拋棄；消除castaway放棄；(船遇難時)丟下人castoff拋棄；脫掉；解纜起航castout驅(qū)逐；趕走castabout/aroundfor考慮；計劃；尋找Ifyouwerecastawayonadesertisland，whatwouldyoumissmost?如果你因沉船而被丟在荒島上，你最想念什么？Youreallymustcastoffallthesebadhabits.你確實應(yīng)該拋棄這些壞習(xí)慣。注意：cast的過去式和過去分詞都是cast；castdown通常用被動語態(tài)。down

off

away

out

castashadow

3．have/makeanimpacton...對……有影響impact[C,usuallysing&U](～ofsth.)(onsb./sth.)巨大影響；強大作用achieve/makeanimpacton對……造成影響haveaneffecton對……有影響makeadifferenceto對……有影響補全句子①Hisspeech______________________________(造成巨大影響)everyonepresent.②Thepollutedwaterhere___________________________(有不良影響)people’shealth.madeagreatimpacton

hasabadeffecton

①I’mallinfavourofequalpayforequalwork.我完全支持同工同酬。②ItalkedtoSusanaboutit,andshe’sallinfavourofgoing.我與蘇珊談了這件事，她完全贊同走。4．infavourof贊同；支持；贊成insb.’sfavour對某人有利dosb.afavour＝doafavourforsb.給某人幫忙owesb.afavour欠某人情asksb.forafavour＝askafavourofsb.向某人求助CouldyoudomeafavourandtellKellyIcan’tmakeit?你幫個忙告訴凱莉說我來不了了好嗎？“in＋名詞＋of”短語：inneedof需要inpraiseof為了贊揚insearchof尋找inchargeof負責(zé)inplaceof代替inmemoryof為了紀念……incaseof萬一；如果intermsof就……而言inrespectof關(guān)于……；作為……的報酬inhonourof為了紀念……，為向……表示敬意intheformof以……的形式單句語法填空①Astoeducation,mostspecialistsare______favouroffurtherreform.②Couldyoudome_____favourandturnoffthatlight?完成句子③________________fire,allexitsmustbekeptclear.萬一發(fā)生火災(zāi)，所有出口都必須暢通。④Deedsarebetterthanwordswhenpeopleare________________help.當人們需要幫助時，行勝于言。⑤Nooneis__________________yourhappinessbutyou.除了你，沒有人可以為你的幸福負責(zé)。in

a

Incaseof

inneedof

inchargeof

(1)句中when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，在時間狀語從句中，不定式短語tomakenewones作目的狀語。Hewenttothemarkettobuysomevegetables.他去市場買一些蔬菜。難點解析1．Ithappensinplantswhengardenerstakecuttingsfromgrowingplantstomakenewones.當園藝師從生長著的植物上剪下枝條來培植新植物，就會產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象。Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjusttohavealookatthesportsstars.真令人難以置信，那些粉絲們在體育館外等了三個小時僅僅是為了看看那些體育明星。注意：不定式作目的狀語時其邏輯主語應(yīng)為句子主語，此時應(yīng)注意人稱一致。為了及時趕到那里，他把車開得很快。【誤】Togetthereintime,hiscarwasdrivenbyhimveryfast.【正】Togetthereintime,hedrovehiscarveryfast.【析】“為了及時趕到那里”的邏輯主語應(yīng)為人而不是車。(2)ones在此用于代替前面的名詞plants。ones可用于代替復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示一個泛指概念。Givemesomeapples.Iwantbigones.給我一些蘋果。我要大的。one(ones),theone(theones)與that(those),it(1)one用來替代前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)名詞，是泛指概念，相當于a/an＋單數(shù)名詞；其復(fù)數(shù)形式是ones。(2)theone用來替代前面特指的單數(shù)名詞，有時可用that替代(尤其在有后置定語的情況下)；其復(fù)數(shù)形式是theones。(3)that用來替代前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，表示特指，相當于the＋單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞；和前面提到的事物是同一類，但不是同一個；其復(fù)數(shù)形式是those。(4)it用于代替前面提到的單數(shù)名詞，和前面提到的是同一事物。Myunclegavemeaveryvaluablepresent,one(＝apresent)thatIhadneverseen.我叔叔給了我一件貴重的禮物，一件我從沒見過的禮物。Thisbikeismoreexpensivethantheoneinthecorner.這輛自行車要比在拐角的那輛貴得多。TheareaofShanghaiislargerthanthatofSuzhou.上海的面積比蘇州的面積大。Equippedwithmodernfacilities,today’shospitalsarequitedifferentfromthose(＝thehospitals)ofthepast.配備了現(xiàn)代化的設(shè)備，現(xiàn)在的醫(yī)院與過去的醫(yī)院有很大不同。Iboughtanewdictionaryyesterday,andit(＝thedictionary)isveryuseful.昨天我買了一本新詞典，它非常有用。單句語法填空①(2018·北京卷改編)DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival，familymembersoftengathertogether_____________(share)ameal，admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：在中秋節(jié)期間，家人們通常會聚在一起吃飯，賞月，品嘗月餅。gather是謂語動詞，“

________ameal，admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes”是狀語，家人聚在一起的目的是吃飯，賞月，品嘗月餅，表目的用動詞不定式。toshare

②(高考真題)Inmanyways,theeducationsystemintheUSisnotverydifferentfrom________intheUK.解析：考查代詞。句意：在很多方面，美國的教育體系和英國的教育體系很不相同。代指上面的名詞educationsystem，而且后面有介詞短語做后置定語，故用that。③Iwanttobuyapresentformymother,_______thatisnotexpensivebutmeaningful.解析：句意：我想為我媽媽買一件禮物，一件不貴但又非常有意義的禮物。在此禮物是可數(shù)名詞，且表泛指概念，故用one。that

one

本句是簡單句，不定式短語toproduce...作目的狀語，quantitiesof是固定短語，意為“大量，許多”，其后可接可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。Shehasquantitiesofgoodclothesinherstore.她的商店里有許多好衣服。注意：“quantitiesof＋名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；alargequantityof不管后面跟可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞都要用單數(shù)形式，比較：Alargequantityofbookshasbeenofferedtous.大量書籍被提供給我們。Largequantitiesofmoneyhavebeensentthere.大量資金被輸送到那兒。Quantitiesoffoodwereonthetable.桌上擺了大量食物。單句語法填空—Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?—Becauselargequantitiesofwater_____________________(pollute)．解析：“l(fā)argequantitiesof＋名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，且water與pollute為動賓關(guān)系，再根據(jù)語意填havebeenpolluted。havebeenpolluted

本句中while作并列連詞，意為“然而，而”，表示對比關(guān)系。Helikespopmusic,whileIamfondofcountrymusic.他喜歡流行音樂，而我喜歡鄉(xiāng)村音樂。Iliketeawhileshelikescoffee.我喜歡喝茶，而她喜歡喝咖啡。單句語法填空①Thefastestwaytoloseloveistoholdonittootight,_________thebestwaytokeeploveistogiveitwings!解析：句意：失去愛的最迅速的辦法就是將愛握得太緊，保持愛的最好的方法就是給他插上翅膀！考查連詞。while意為“然而；但是”，為表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的并列連詞。②___________________________onlineshoppinghaschangedourlife,notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.解析：句意：雖然網(wǎng)購改變了我們的生活，但并不是它的所有影響都是正面的?？疾闋钫Z從句。根據(jù)句意可知用While/Although/Though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。while

While/Although/Though

單句改錯③Unlessyouoncespentmostofyourfreetimewithyourfamily,nowyouareoftenabsentformhome._________________解析：while意為“盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，符合題意；unless意為“除非……否則……”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。④AsIwassittingonthebus,ayoungwomanwithalargeparcelgoton._____________解析：while意為“當……時候”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，從句中的動作為持續(xù)性動詞，as表示“一……就……”，一個動作發(fā)生緊接著另一個動作。Unless→While

As→While

(1)Thencamethedisturbingnews...是一個倒裝語序。表示時間或方式或方位的副詞或介詞短語，如：then,now,up,down,here,there,off,away,in,out,intheroom,onthewall等位于句首且主語是名詞時，句子用完全倒裝語序；但若句子的主語是代詞，則不倒裝。補全句子