2024年高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)主題詞匯 地球與宇宙奧秘探索

話題二十九地球與宇宙奧秘探索

第一部分話題詞匯積累

單詞&短語(yǔ)

1.n.軌道；影響范圍，勢(shì)力范圍

2.衛(wèi)星；人造衛(wèi)星；衛(wèi)星國(guó)；衛(wèi)星區(qū)

3.n.航天器，宇宙飛船

4.astronautn.____________

5.astronomern._____________

6.astronomyn.____________

7.行星；地球n.____________

8.n.宇宙；空地；空間；空隙；期間

9.n.望遠(yuǎn)鏡

lO.circlethemoon____________________________

11.explorethespace___________________________

12.communicationsatellite____________________________

13.weathersatellite____________________________

14.mannedspaceship/spacecraft____________________________

15.makeanewdiscovery____________________________

16.spaceshuttle___________________________

17.spacestation___________________________

18.solarsystem____________________________

19.theouterspace___________________________

2O.haveaccessto/beaccessibleto___________________________

詞匯拓展

l.forbidv.禁止；不準(zhǔn)；妨礙；阻礙；阻止

【搭配】forbidsb.todo不準(zhǔn)某人做某事

forbiddoing允許做某事

sb.beforbiddentodosth.某人被禁止做

與forbid用法相同的還有advise,permit,allow等。

Theyanyshipstoenterthewater.他們禁止任何船舶進(jìn)入這片水域.

Myparentsmefromhavingwineandcigarettes.

我父母不許我抽煙喝酒。

Ithinkitagoodideatosmokinginpublicplaces.

我認(rèn)為在公共場(chǎng)所禁止吸煙是個(gè)好主意。

【辨析】ban,forbid,prohibit都含有一定的“禁止”之意bann.&vt.“禁止，禁令”(=fdrmalprohibition),指合法地或由于

社會(huì)壓力而禁止，含譴責(zé)或不贊成的態(tài)度，通常搭配形式：ban..fromsth./doingsth.

forbidvt.”禁止，不許”，普通用語(yǔ)，比Prohibit通俗，用于較小事物，或個(gè)人、上級(jí)、官方、長(zhǎng)輩做出的禁止命令、

規(guī)定，或客觀條件不允許，通常搭配形式：forbidsb.todosth.

prohibitvt.”禁止，不準(zhǔn)”(=forbidbyauthori-ty),指通過(guò)法律、法令、警告等作出禁止命令的正式規(guī)定或規(guī)則，通常搭

酉己形式：prohibitsb.fromsth./doingsth.

2.runv.跑；奔跑；跑(某段距離);跑步；做跑步運(yùn)動(dòng)

n.跑；跑步；跑步的時(shí)間(或距離);(尤指短程或定期，乘交通工具的)旅程

【搭配】inthelongrun從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看

intheshortrun從短期來(lái)看

runforthepresident競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)

runahotel/store/languageschool經(jīng)營(yíng)一家旅店/商店/語(yǔ)言學(xué)校

Hehasnoideahowtoabusiness.他絲毫不懂企業(yè)管理。

Thecollegesummercoursesforforeignstudents.

這所大學(xué)為外國(guó)學(xué)生開(kāi)設(shè)暑期課程。

Hehadascardownhisleftcheek.他左臉上豎著一道傷疤。

Thepermit____________forthreemonths.許可證的有效期為三個(gè)月。

Thetearsdownhercheeks.淚水順著她的臉淌下來(lái)。

Onadvicefromtheirlawyers,theydecidednottothestory.

根據(jù)他們的律師的建議，他們決定不刊載這篇報(bào)道。

活學(xué)活用

一、閱讀下列句子，在空白處填入1個(gè)單詞或用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1.Untilnow,abigdonation(receive)tosavethepatients.

2.一Ohno!We*retoolate.Thetrain(leave).

-That*sOK.We'llcatchthenexttraintoLondon.

3.Sofarthisyearwe(see)afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.

4.ThemomentIgothome,IfoundI(leave)myjacketontheplayground.

5.Knowmorewordsandexpressionsandyou(find)iteasiertoreadandcommunicate.

二、翻譯句子

1.進(jìn)一所好大學(xué)只是實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的第一步，在漫漫人生路上還有數(shù)不清的困難在等著我們。(admit)

2.小明起了床，在屋子里來(lái)回踱步，等著電話鈴響起。(wait)

3.她流露出的自信和善良，給了我很深的印象。(impress)

4.好人好事范圍很寬，可以包括向慈善機(jī)構(gòu)捐款，也可以是幫助身邊的有需要的人。(range)

第二部分話題閱讀訓(xùn)練

(A)語(yǔ)法填空

OnDecember9th,Chineseastronauts,ZhaiZhigang,WangYaping,andYeGuangfu,⑴(conduct)thesciencelecture

400kilometersaboveEarth,astheyorbitedintheTiangongspacestation.

Theyshowedviewers⑵theylivedandworkedinsidethespacestation.Inresponseto⑶HongKongstudent's

questionaboutwater,Wangsaidthewatertheydrankwasrecycled,notingthattherewasnodifferenceintastebetween

regularand⑷(recycle)water."Withawaterrecyclingsystem,everydropofwater⑸(make)fulluseof,"shesaid.

Wangsaidtheastronautsmightlook⑹(fat)thantheywereonearthasthemicrogravityinspacecanaffectblood

circulation.Zhaiintroducedthe(7)(special)designeduniformYewaswearingduringtheclass.AccordingtoZhai,itis

calleda"penguinjumpsuit1'andithasmultipleelastic(有彈力的)bandsinsidetohelptheastronautsmaintaintheir

muscle⑻(strong).

Yedemonstratedexperimentsrelatedtocellgrowthintheweightlessenvironmentinspace,during⑼hecompared

thegrowthandshapeofcellsinartificialgravityandzero-gravitysoas(10)(study)theirchangingrulesandmechanisms.

(B)閱讀理解

Fromthisissue,weexplorewhytheSearchforExtraterrestrialIntelligence(SETI)Institutehasn'tturnedupanything

sinceitsfoundinginthe1980s.(Seepage30formore.)WeaskedourFacebookfollowers:Doyouthinkthatastronomers

willfindevidenceofalienlifeinyourlifetime?

LoranMcCormick:1thinktheyalreadyhaveit.Judgingbythesuddenindustrialization,Ifiguretheyfoundsomething

that'sprobablybeenheresincebeforehumanswalkedtheEarth.

JensAvery:Wemayfindlife,butitmaynotwantanythingtodowithus.Wearenotveryadvancedandcan'tevenget

alongwitheachother.

StevenBuhrow:Ithinkthemoreimportantquestionis——willanygovernmenteverpubliclyadmititinourlifetime?I

fullybelievethatwecoulddiscoveralienlifetodayandthegovernmentwouldsimplysaythepublicisnotreadyforthis

information.

JennaWalsh:Ithinkwealreadyseeit,butjustdon'trealizewhatitis.Intelligentalienlifeprobablydoesn'twant

anythingtodowiththedisasterthatisEarthatthispoint,sonodoubtthey*replayingitsafeandobservingfromasafe

distance.

ChristopherHarvey:Byalienlife,doyoumeanintelligentalienlife?Thenno.Itwouldbeextremelyhardtofind,short

ofthemcomingdowntoEarth.Butifyoumeanunintelligentalienlife,likebacteriaorsinglecell,wemight.

1.WhydidweasktheFacebookfollowersthequestion?

A.ToquestiontheefficiencyofSETI.

B.Toconfirmtheappearanceofaliensonearth.

C.Toensuretheexistenceofaliens.

D.Tocomplainaboutthefailuretofindaliens.

2.Whodoubtstheevervisitsofalienstotheearth?

A.LoranMcCormick.B.StevenBuhrow.

C.JennaWalsh.D.ChristopherHarvey.

3.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?

A.Analbum.B.Asciencefiction.

C.Amagazine.D.Atravelguide.

（C）完形填空

Spaceexplorationhasalwaysbeentheprovinceof21：Thehumanimaginationreadilysoarswherehuman

ingenuity（倉(cāng)U造力）strugglestofollow.AVoyagetotheMoon,oftencitedasthefirstsciencefictionstory,waswrittenby

CyranodeBergeracin1649.Cyranowasdeadandburiedforagoodthreecenturies22thefirstmannedrockets

startedtofly.

In1961,whenPresidentKennedydeclaredthatAmericawouldsendamantothemoonbythe23'send,those

words,too,hadadreamlikequality.Theyresonatedwithoptimismandambitioninmuchthesamewayasthemostfamous

24speechofall,deliveredbyMartinLutherKingJr.twoyearslater.Bytheendofthedecade,bothvisionshadyielded

concreteresultsand25Americansociety.Andyetinmanywaysthetwodreamsendedup26eachother.The

fightforracialandeconomicequalityisintenselypragmatic（講求實(shí)用的）andimmediateinitsimpact.Theurgetoexplore

spaceisjusttheopposite.Itisfigurativelyandliterallyotherworldlyinits27.

Whenthedustsettled,thespacedreamerslostout.Therewasnograndfollow-uptotheApollomissions.The

technologicallycompromisedspaceshuttleprogramhasjustcometoanend,withno28.Theperpetualargumentis

that29aretight,thatwehavemorepressingproblemshereonEarth.Amidthecurrentconcernsaboutthefederal

deficit,reachingtowardthestarsseemsadispensableluxury-30savingone-thousandthofasingleyear'sbudget

wouldsolveourproblems.

Buthumaningenuitystruggleson.NASAisdevelopingaseriesofroboticprobesthatwillgetthemostbangfroma

buck.TheywillserveasmodernMagellans,31outthesolarsystemforwhateverexplorersfollow,whethermanor

machine.Ontheflipside,companieslikeVirginGalacticareplottingabottom-upassaultonthespacedreambymakingita

realitytothepublic.Privatespaceflightcouldliewithin32ofrichciviliansinafewyears.Anotherdecadeortwo

anditcouldgomainstream.

Thespacedreamersendupbenefitingallofus——notjustbecauseofthewaytheyexpandhumanknowledge,or

becauseofthespin-off33theyproduce,butbecausethetwotypesofdreamsfeedoffeachother.BothMartinLuther

KingandJohnKennedyappealedtotheideathathumanscan34whatwereonceconsideredinherentlimitations.

Todaywefaceseemingchallengesinenergy,theenvironment,healthcare.Tomorrowwewilltranscendtheseaswell,and

thedreamerswilldeservealotofthecredit.Themoreevidencewecollectthatourspeciesis35greatness,themore

wewillactuallyachieveit.

6.A.dreamersB.explorersC.astronomersD.novelists

7.A.afterB.beforeC.untilD.while

8.A.year