虛擬語氣(順口溜)

編輯課件1高三英語語法（十二）虛擬語氣編輯課件2一.虛擬語氣的類型1、實(shí)際意義上的虛擬語氣。Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.2、虛擬語氣形式。Theorderwasthatwe(should)staywherewewere.編輯課件3二.實(shí)際意義上的虛擬語氣1、小小順口溜虛擬語氣并不難,從句時(shí)態(tài)都提前,主句would加在前，注意動(dòng)詞要還原。（省略if要倒裝）e.g.1）IfIwereinyourshoes,Iwould

accepttheterms.2）Ifwehadleftearlier,wewouldn’thavemissedthetrain.3）IwishIwereascleverasyou編輯課件42、虛擬語氣在條件句中的應(yīng)用所述情況if從句主句與過去相反if+主語+haddone主語+would/could/might/should+havedone與現(xiàn)在相反if+主語+did（be動(dòng)詞用were）主語+would/could/might/should+do與將來相反①if+主語+did②if+主語+wereto+do③if+主語+should+do主語+would/could/might/shoulddo編輯課件5①此表中需要注意幾點(diǎn)：1．be動(dòng)詞在表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的從句中一般用were。在非正式情況下，第一、第三人稱后偶爾也用was。如：Ifhewere/wasyou,hewouldgoatonce.

2．主句中的should通常用于第一人稱，would,could以及might可以用于各種人稱。3．在表示與將來事實(shí)相反的條件句中，只能用should，而不能用would,could和might等。如：Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.（shouldrain也可以用rained,weretorain代替）編輯課件64、主句和if條件句時(shí)態(tài)不一致（單獨(dú)虛擬）。如：Ifhehadreceivedsixmorevotes,hewouldbeourchairmannow.Ifyouwereinbetterhealth,wewouldhave

allowedyoutojointheminthework.編輯課件7②含蓄條件句有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過其他手段來替代條件句。1．用介詞短語替代條件句。常用介詞有with,without,butfor等。如：Wecouldn’thavesucceededwithoutyourhelp(=Ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp).Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?Butfortherain（=Ifithadn’tbeenfortherain）,wewouldhavefinishedthework.編輯課件82.假設(shè)的情況又是可以通過上下文或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來。如：1）Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthehasbeenill.2）Iwasillthatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavetakenpartintheparade.(ifIhadn’tbeenill,…)★but,otherwise連接的兩個(gè)并列的分句存在單獨(dú)虛擬現(xiàn)象，即：一個(gè)分句為虛擬句，另一個(gè)分句為真實(shí)句。編輯課件93）Itwouldbeamistakenottohelphim.(Itwouldbeamistakeifwedidn’thelphim.)Anyoneinherpositionwouldhavedonethesame.★有些句子相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件從句，謂語也可用虛擬語氣。4）Supposewetoldherthetruth.5）Imagineyourchildplayedtruant.編輯課件10③省略if的情況如果從句中含有系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞（were,had,should或could）時(shí)，可省略if，把從句中的were,had或should或could提到其主語前形成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Hadwemade(=Ifwehadmade)adequatepreparations,wemighthavesucceeded.Wereitnotfortheirassistance,wewouldbeinseriousdifficulty.Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?編輯課件113、實(shí)際意義上虛擬語氣在其它從句中的應(yīng)用（從句時(shí)態(tài)都提前）①wish后that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中。如：IwishIwereascleverasyou.Iwishhewouldtryagain.（表示與將來事實(shí)相反）②asif（though）引導(dǎo)的表語從句或方式狀語從句中。如：Helooksasif/thoughhewereanartist.

編輯課件12③wouldrather后的賓語從句中。（wouldrather后不能加that。）從句謂語用一般過去時(shí)來表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪龅南喾吹氖虑椋眠^去完成時(shí)來表示與過去發(fā)生的相反的事情。如：I’dratheryoudidn’tgothere.(與將來相反）I’dratherwehadarestnow.（與現(xiàn)在相反）I’dratheryouhadbeenhereyesterday.（與過去相反）④Ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中。如：IfonlyIwereabird.（我要是只鳥就好了。）編輯課件13三.虛擬語氣形式1)復(fù)合句中含有suggest,advise,recommend,propose,(建議、安排）demand,require(request),ask,urge,desire,(要求、渴望）insist,order（堅(jiān)持、命令）等,以及其派生詞（如：suggestion,advice…idea)復(fù)合句中所含有的名詞性從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用shoulddo,should可以省略。如：Thedoctorsuggested/insistedthatshe(should)stayinbedforafewdays.Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)giveuptheplan.

編輯課件14注意：當(dāng)suggest作“暗示、表明”講，insist作“堅(jiān)持說”講，即堅(jiān)持事實(shí)是怎樣時(shí)，后邊that從句不用虛擬語氣。如：Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasangry.編輯課件152)在Itis+形容詞(necessary,important,natural,strange,etc.)+that從句中，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用shoulddo,should可以省略。如：It’snecessarythatwe(should)cleantheroomeveryday.

3）在Itis/wasapity（ashame,nowonder,etc.）+that從句中，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用shoulddo,should可以省略。如：Itwasapitythatourteamshouldlosethegame.★當(dāng)然上面2)、3)兩類的that從句中也可以不用虛擬語氣，而用陳述語氣。如：Itisstrangethathedidnotcomeyesterday.Itisapitythatyoucan’tdance.

編輯課件164)Itis（high/about）time（thatsb.did）…句式中常用動(dòng)詞的過去式。此句型表示“該……”，用來表示提議。如：Itishightimewestartedout.5)以inorderthat,sothat(或起同樣作用的that)引起的從句中謂語動(dòng)詞多用may或might加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，在口語中也常用can或could加動(dòng)詞原形。如：Shestayedathomeforafewdayssothatshemight(could)takecareofhermother.6)以forfearthat

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