加納衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)行業(yè)市場(chǎng)前景及投資研究報(bào)告-培訓(xùn)課件外文版2024.4

POLITICS

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SOCIETYHealthsysteminGhanaCHAPTER

01OverviewGhana:Lifeexpectancyatbirthfrom2011to2021LifeexpectancyatbirthinGhana20217064.7463.8964.0164.1264.1163.863.0563.1762.0862.4261.656050403020100201120122013201420152016201720182019202020213Description:In2021,thetotallifeexpectancyatbirthinGhanaremainednearlyunchangedataround63.8years.Still,2021markedthesecondconsecutivedeclineofthelifeexpectancyatbirth.ReadmoreNote(s):Ghana;2011to2021Source(s):WorldBankRankingofthecurrenthealthcarespendingpercapitainAfricabycountry2020(inU.S.dollars)HealthcarespendingpercapitainAfrica2020,bycountrySpendinginU.S.dollarspercapita3000100200400500600700SeychellesMauritiusSouthAfricaBotswanaNamibia602.07537.95430.79400.11319.94EquatorialGuineaGabon209.81191.79Kenya94.87IvoryCoastLesotho93.5793.03NigeriaGhanaZimbabwe83.7975.9964.914Description:Thisstatisticshowsarankingoftheestimatedcurrenthealthcarespendingpercapitain2020inAfrica,differentiatedbycountry.Thespendingreferstotheaveragecurrentspendingofbothgovernmentsandconsumersperinhabitant.

ReadmoreNote(s):Angola;2019;Allvaluesareestimates.Source(s):ExpenditureonhealthcareinGhanafrom2014to2029(inmillionU.S.dollars)ExpenditureonhealthcareinGhana2014-20295,0004,5004,0003,5003,0002,5002,0001,5001,000500020142015201620172018201920202021202220232024202520262027202820295Description:ThecurrenthealthcarespendinginGhanawasforecasttocontinuouslyincreasebetween2024and2029byintotal1.2billionU.S.dollars(+35.51percent).Aftertheseventhconsecutiveincreasingyear,thespendingisestimatedtoreach4.4billionU.S.dollarsandthereforeanewpeakin2029.ReadmoreNote(s):Ghana;2014to2029;allvaluesareestimatesSource(s):Consumerpriceindex(CPI)fornon-foodinGhanafromAugust2019toSeptember2023,byCOICOPgroupCPIfornon-foodinGhana2019-2023,byCOICOPgroupCPI(2021=100)500100150200250Furnishings,householdequipmentandroutinehousehoHousing,water,electricity,gasandotherfuelsPersonalcare,socialprotectionandmiscellaneousgooTransport224.4221.6216.5192185.1178.3173.3162.8AlcoholicBeverages,Tobacco&NarcoticsRecreation,sportandcultureClothingandfootwearHealthInformationandcommunicationRestaurantsandaccommodationservicesEducationservices140.8133.3121.1119.7Insuranceandfinancialservices6Description:AsofSeptember2023,theconsumerpriceindex(CPI)inGhanawashighestundertheClassificationofIndividualConsumptionbyPurpose(COICOP)divisionforFurnishings,householdequipmentandroutinehouseholdmaintenance(224.4points).Thelowestnon-foodCPIwasachievedintheinsuranceandfinancialservicessector,at119.7points.Overall,theaverageCPIforallnon-fooditemsinGhanareached180.1pointsfromAugust2019toSeptember2023.

ReadmoreNote(s):Ghana;August2019toSeptember2023Source(s):GhanaStatisticalServiceCHAPTER

02InfrastructureNumberofhospitalsinGhanafrom2014to2029NumberofhospitalsinGhana2014-202940037137137136636836836936937037037037036336436536735030025020015010050020142015201620172018201920202021202220232024202520262027202820298Description:ThenumberofhospitalsinGhanawasforecasttocontinuouslyincreasebetween2024and2029byintotalonehopsital(+0.27percent).Thenumberofhospitalsisestimatedtoamountto371hospitalsin2029.

ReadmoreNote(s):Ghana;2014to2029;allvaluesareestimatesSource(s):NumberofhealthfacilitiesinGhanaasof2020,byregionDistributionofhealthfacilitiesinGhana2020,byregionNumberoffacilities0100200300400500600AshantiGreaterAccraEastern530438331UpperEastVolta211210Central200Western184UpperWestBonoNorthernWesternNorthOti12512012010582BonoEast709Description:AsofMay2020,theAshantiregionharboredthemosthealthfacilitiesinGhana,530innumber.TheGreaterAccraandEasternregionsfollowedwith438and331facilities,respectively.Ontheotherhand,AhafoandNorthEastreportedtheleastnumberofhealthfacilitiesinthecountry,at44and36,respectively.Asofthesamedate,therewereover1,600publichealthcarefacilitiesinthecountry.ReadmoreNote(s):Ghana;2020*;*DataasofMay2020.ReadmoreSource(s):GhanaStatisticalServiceAvailabilityofbasichealthcarefacilitiesinruralandurbanareasinGhanaasof2021AvailabilityofbasichealthcarefacilitiesinGhana2021,byareaofresidenceUrbanRural80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%PrivateorpublichospitalPolyclinicClinicsandhealthcentersCHPS*10Description:Asof2021,privateandpublichospitalswereavailableto33.9percentofurbanlocalitiesinGhana,while1.9percentoftheruralcommunitieshadaccesstosuchhospitals.Moreover,clinicsandhealthcarecenterswereavailabletonearly63percentofurbanlocalities,whereas11.3percentofruralresidentialclustersweredisposedofsuchaccess.ReadmoreNote(s):Ghana;2021;*TheCommunity-basedHealthPlanningandServices.Thesourcenotesthatlocalitieswithapopulationofmorethan5,000areclassifiedasurban.Itaddsthefollowinginformation:"Locality:aninhabitedgeographicalarea[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):GhanaStatisticalServiceAvailabilityofmaternitycarefacilitiesandcentersinruralandurbanareasinGhanaasof2021AvailabilityofmaternitycarefacilitiesinGhana2021,byareaofresidenceShareofresidentialclusters8%

10%0%2%4%6%12%14%16%18%20%Urban18%Rural2.3%11Description:In2021,maternitycarefacilitieswereavailableto18percentofurbanlocalitiesinGhana.Onthecontrary,only2.3percentofruralcommunitieshadaccesstosuchfacilities.ThebirthrateinGhanastoodat28.6percentasof2020.

ReadmoreNote(s):Ghana;2021Source(s):GhanaStatisticalServiceNumberofhospitalbedsinGhanafrom2014to2029(inthousands)NumberofhospitalbedsinGhana2014-20294034.2933.69353025201510533.0932.4931.931.330.7130.1329.5528.9628.3727.7827.226.625.9825.380201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025202620272028202912Description:ThenumberofhospitalbedsinGhanawasforecasttocontinuouslyincreasebetween2024and2029byintotalthreethousandbeds(+9.58percent).Afterthefifteenthconsecutiveincreasingyear,thenumberofhospitalbedsisestimatedtoreach34.29thousandbedsandthereforeanewpeakin2029.Notably,thenumberofhospitalbedsofwascontinuouslyincreasingoverthepastyears.ReadmoreNote(s):Ghana;2014to2029;allvaluesareestimatesSource(s):Numberofavailablehospitalbedsper1,000peopleinGhanafrom2014to2029Numberofavailablehospitalbedsper1,000peopleinGhana2014-20291.00.870.90.80.70.60.50.40.30.20.10.00.860.850.850.850.840.840.840.840.840.840.830.830.830.830.83201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025202620272028202913/statistics/1140640/hospital-bed-density-forecast-in-ghanaTheaveragenumberofhospitalbedsavailableper1,000peopleinGhanawasforecasttocontinuouslydecreasebetween2024and2029byintotal0.01beds.Thenumberofavailablebedsper1,000peopleisestimatedtoamountto0.83bedsin2029.ReadmoreNote(s):Ghana;2014to2029;allvaluesareestimatesSource(s):ShareofmedicalequipmentimportsinGhanaasof2019,bytypeDistributionofmedicaldeviceimportsinGhana2019,bytypeShareofmedicalequipmentimports0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%65%Instrumentsanddevicesformedical,surgical,dentalorveterinarypracticesX-rayequipmentand/orequipmentusingalpha,betaorgammaradiationMedicalandsurgicalfurniture24%6%Otherrespiratoryequipmentandgasmasks2%2%Orthopedicarticlesanddevices,prostheses,pacemakersandhearingaidMechanotherapy,massage,psychotechnicsandrespiratorytherapydevices1%14Description:Instrumentsanddevicesformedical,surgical,dentalorveterinaryundertakingsrepresentedthelargestshareofmedicalequipmentimportedintoGhanain2019.Thesharereached65percent,followedbyimportsofX-rayequipmentand/orequipmentthatusealpha,betaorgammaradiation,whichcovered24percent.Otherimportedmedicalgoodsincludedfurniture,respiratorydevices,andorthopedicarticles.

ReadmoreNote(s):Ghana;2019Source(s):InstructionalTechnologyCouncil;OxfordBusinessGroupCHAPTER

03EmploymentNumberofpeopleemployedinhumanhealthandsocialworkinGhanaasof2021,bygenderEmployedpopulationinhumanhealthandsocialworkinGhana2021,bygender300,000250,000200,000150,000261,076156,371104,705100,00050,0000MaleFemaleTotal16Description:Asof2021,around156.4thousandwomenworkedinthehumanhealthandsocialworkdomaininGhana.Thiswasabovethenumberofmenwhoworkedinthesamefield,whichreachedapproximately104.7thousand.Theminimumageforinhabitantsinthecountrytoobtainemploymentis15years.ReadmoreNote(s):Ghana;2021;15yearsandolderSource(s):GhanaStatisticalServiceNumberofstaffrecruitedtothepublichealthsectorinGhanain2020,byfunctionNumberofworkersrecruitedtothepublichealthsectorinGhana2020,byfunctionNumberofstaff20,000010,00030,00040,00050,00050,97060,000TotalNurses*43,057AlliedHealthProfessionals**SupportStaff***4,1462,000822637MedicalofficersPhysicianassistantsPharmacists

150PharmacyDoctors

150Specialist(Contract)817Description:In2020,nearly51thousandpermanentstaffwererecruitedintoGhana'spublichealthsector,asagainstsome7.2thousandtemporaryworkersinthesamefield.Thelargestshareofemploymentinthesectorwasfoundwithnurses,accountingforover43thousandstaffthatyear.Moreover,therecruitedsupportstaffandalliedhealthprofessionalsaddedupto4,146and2,000,respectively.ReadmoreNote(s):Ghana;2020;permanentworkers;*Certificate,diplomaanddegreeholders.**Includingadministrators.managers,cooks,executiveofficersetc.***Comprisingoptical,field,andlaboratorytechnicians.

ReadmoreSource(s):MinistryofFinanceGhanaNumberofphysiciansinGhanafrom2014to2029(inthousands)NumberofphysiciansinGhana2014-2029765.785.655.525.395.265.124.984.845432104.74.564.44.334.254.114.033.75201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025202620272028202918Description:ThenumberofphysiciansinGhanawasforecasttocontinuouslyincreasebetween2024and2029byintotal0.7thousandphysicians(+13.67percent).Afterthethirteenthconsecutiveincreasingyear,thenumberofphysiciansisestimatedtoreach5.78thousandphysiciansandthereforeanewpeakin2029.ReadmoreNote(s):Ghana;2014to2029;allvaluesareestimatesSource(s):NumberofmedicaldoctorsinGhanafrom2010to2019NumberofmedicaldoctorsinGhana2010-20194,0003,6183,5003,2633,2363,0163,0002,5002,0001,5001,0005002,8572,7302,6792,4862,4862,3250201020112012201320142015201620172018201919Description:Asof2019,Ghanahadatotalof3,236doctors,increasingfrom2,857inthepreviousyear.Thenumberofmedicaldoctorsgenerallyincreasedthroughouttheperiodobserved.In2010,thecountstoodat2,325.Overall,thedensityofmedicaldoctorsinGhanastoodat1.4per10,000inhabitantsasof2020.ReadmoreNote(s):Ghana;2010to2019Source(s):UNAIDS;WHODensityofmedicaldoctorsinWestAfricain2020,bycountry(per10,000inhabitants)DensityofphysiciansinWestAfrica2020,bycountryDoctorsper10,000inhabitants0123456789CaboVerdeNigeria7.83.8C?ted'IvoireMauritaniaGhanaGuinea-BissauMali2.31.91.41.31.3Gambia1Togo0.8BeninGuineaBurkinaFasoSenegal0.80.80.80.720Description:ThelackofmedicalservicesinWestAfricarepresentsaseriousissueinsanitaryemergency.AsofApril2020,differentWestAfricancountriescountedlessthanadoctorevery10,000inhabitants.Especially,SierraLeonehadthreephysiciansper100,000individuals,thelowestdensityofmedicaldoctorsinWestAfrica.Moreover,BurkinaFasowasestimatedtohaveonly11ventilatorsinthewholecountryforapopulationofalmost20millionpeople.ReadmoreNote(s):Africa;April4,2020;15yearsandolderSource(s):OECDCHAPTER

04HealthinsuranceDistributionofpopulationinGhanaasof2021,byhealthinsurancecoverageDistributionofpopulationinGhana2021,byhealthinsurancestatusNotcovered31.2%Covered68.8%22Description:Asof2021,nearly70percentofGhana'spopulationhadahealthinsurancecoverage.Ontheotherhand,slightlyover31percentofthepeoplewerenotinsured.Thesourcealsoreportedthatthefemalepopulationhadahigherhealthinsurancecoverageratethanthemalepopulation.ReadmoreNote(s):Ghana;2021Source(s):GhanaStatisticalServiceHealthinsurancecoverageinGhanaasof2021,bygenderHealthinsurancestatusinGhana2021bygenderCoveredNotcovered100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%27.2%35.3%72.8%64.7%MaleFemale23/statistics/1283722/health-insurance-coverage-in-ghana-by-genderInGhana,72.8percentofthefemalepopulationand64.7percentofthemalepopulationwasregisteredunderahealthinsuranceschemeasof2021.Thismeansthatthehealthinsurancecoveragewaslesspredominantwithinthemalepopulation.

ReadmoreNote(s):Ghana;2021Source(s):GhanaStatisticalServicePopulationcoveredbyhealthinsuranceinGhanaasof2021,byregionRegionaldistributionofhealthinsurancecoverage2021inGhanaNumberofpeople0500,0001,000,0001,500,0002,000,0002,500,0003,000,0003,500,0004,000,0004,500,000AshantiGreaterAccraEastern3,903,9613,279,4442,145,892CentralNorthernWesternVoltaUpperEastBono1,655,2591,494,6981,308,0561,123,6901,121,9341,033,765942,905753,732654,160496,072BonoEastUpperWestWesternNorthNorthEast24Description:Asof2021,Ghana'sAshantiregionhadmorepeopleinsuredunderahealthinsurancescheme,comparedtotheotherregions.Theregionregisteredapproximately3.9millioninhabitantscoveredunderprivateornationalhealthinsurance.TheGreaterAccraandEasternregionsfollowedwithover3.2millionand2.1millionpeoplewhohadhealthinsurancecoverage,respectively.ReadmoreNote(s):Ghana;2021Source(s):GhanaStatisticalServicePopulationwithNationalHealthInsuranceScheme(NHIS)membershipinGhanafrom2013to2019(inmillions)PopulationwithactivenationalhealthinsurancemembershipinGhana2013-201914121211.0611.0310.810.5510.5810.141086420201320142015201620172018201925Description:Around12millionpeopleinGhanahadactivelyadheredtotheNationalHealthInsuranceScheme(NHIS)asof2019.Excepttheconsiderabledropinnumberobservedin2016and2017,membershiptotheGhanaNHISincreasedfrom2013onwards.TheNHISwasintroducedbythegovernmentasasocialinterventionprogramthatwouldprovideresidentsofthecountrywithfinancialaccesstoqualityhealthcare.ReadmoreNote(s):Ghana;2013to2019Source(s):MinistryofHealthGhana;NationalHealthInsuranceSchemeCHAPTER

05ExpenditureDistributionofcurrenthealthexpenditureinGhanaasof2018,bysourceDistributionofcurrenthealthexpenditureinGhana2018,byoriginOther12%Privateschemes11%Government39%Directhouseholdpayments38%27Description:Asof2018,thecurrenthealthspendinginGhanahadthehighestrootsfromboththegovernmentanddirectpaymentsfromhouseholds.Thesesourcescovered39percentand38percentofthehealthexpenditure,respectively.Moreover,privateschemesweretheoriginof11percentoftheexpenses.ReadmoreNote(s):Ghana;2018Source(s):OxfordBusinessGroup;WHOCurrenthealthexpenditureinGhanaasof2018,bydiseasesandconditions(inmillioncurrentU.S.dollars)DistributionofcurrenthealthexpenditureinGhana2018,bydiseasesandconditionsExpenditurevalueinmillioncurrentU.S.dollars500

1,00001,5002,0002,500InfectiousandparasiticdiseasesNoncommunicableDiseases(NCDs)Reproductivehealth786351230Injuries3728NutritionaldeficienciesOtherandunspecifieddiseasesandconditionsTotal8552,28728Description:InfectiousandparasiticdiseasesinGhanaweretheoriginofthehighesthealthspendinginthecountryasof2018-correspondingto786millioncurrentU.S.dollars,comparedtootherdiseasesandconditions.Expenditureemanatingfromnoncommunicablediseasesandreproductivehealthaddedupto351millionand230millioncurrentU.S.dollars,respectively.Overall,nearly2.3billionU.S.dollarswerespentonhealthinthecountryinthesameperiod.

ReadmoreNote(s):Ghana;2018Source(s):WHODomesticgeneralgovernmenthealthexpenditureasashareofhealthexpenditureinGhanafrom2008to2020GovernmentalhealthspendinginGhanaasashareofhealthexpenditure2008-202060%56.1%55%50.2%49.7%49.3%49.2%50%45%40%35%30%45.1%40.8%40.5%39.4%201838.4%201635.1%201435.1%201532.4%20172008200920102011201220132019202029/statistics/1124262/ghana-domestic-general-government-health-expenditure-as-share-of-health-expenditureInGhana,domesticpublicsourcesforhealthfundednearly50percentofthehealthexpenditureasof2020.Thesharedecreasedby4.6pointsincomparisonto2008whenthedomesticgeneralgovernmenthealthspendingaddedupto45.1percent.ReadmoreNote(s):Ghana;2008to2020;currenthealthexpenditureSource(s):WHO;WorldBankDomesticgeneralgovernmenthealthexpenditureasashareofGrossDomesticProduct(GDP)inGhanafrom2008to2020GovernmentalhealthspendingasashareofGDPinGhana2008-20202.5%2.37%2.36%2.3%2.1%1.9%1.7%1.5%1.3%1.1%0.9%0.7%0.5%2.16%1.97%1.98%1.86%1.75%1.59%1.41%1.38%1.34%1.3%1.06%201720082009201020112012201320142015201620182019202030Description:ThepublicexpenditureonhealthinGhanacorrespondedtoapproximatelytwopercentoftheGrossDomesticProduct(GDP)in2020.Incomparisontothepreviousyear,thespendingslightlyincreased.Inthatyear,thedomesticgeneralhealthexpenditurecovered1.38percentofthecountry'sGDP.ReadmoreNote(s):Ghana;2008to2020Source(s):WHO;WorldBankDomesticprivatehealthexpenditureasshareofhealthexpenditureinGhanafrom2008to2020DomesticprivatehealthspendingshareinGhana2008-202060%55%50%54.12%49.55%49.23%48.85%47.9%43.68%45%40%35%30%42.98%42.37%41.08%40.45%39.99%38.66%200934.36%20102008201120122013201420152016201720182019202031Description:DomesticprivatehealthexpenditureinGhanaamountedtoaround41.1percentofthetotalspendingonhealthin2020.Theparticipationinfundingbyprivatesourcesdecreasedincomparisontothepreviousyearwhenitcorrespondedtonearly48percentofthetotalhealthexpenditureinthecountry.ReadmoreNote(s):Ghana;2008to2020Source(s):WHO;WorldBankGDPshareofhealthexpenditureinGhanafrom2014to2029GDPshareofhealthexpenditureinGhana2014-20295.04.544.434.454.474.44.364.54.03.53.02.52.01.51.00.50.04.314.254.184.14.023.993.393.43.393.28201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025202620272028202932Description:ThecurrenthealthexpenditureasashareoftheGDPinGhanawasforecasttocontinuouslyincreasebetween2024and2029byintotal0.2percentagepoints.Accordingtothisforecastin2029,thesharewillhaveincreasedforthetenthconsecutiveyearto4.47percent.ReadmoreNote(s):Ghana;2014to2029;allvaluesareestimatesSource(s):SpendingpercapitaonhealthcareexpenditureinGhanafrom2014to2029(inU.S.dollars)SpendingpercapitaonhealthcareexpenditureinGhana2014-20299085.6883.1379.1479.5378.9478.038070605040302010076.0176.7776.1774.1373.0770.3868.4868.1467.0965.76201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025202620272028202933Description:ThecurrenthealthcarespendingpercapitainGhanawasforecasttocontinuouslyincreasebetween2024and2029byintotal15U.S.dollars(+22.01percent).Accordingtothisforecastin2029,thespendingwillhaveincreasedforthefifthconsecutiveyearto83.13U.S.dollars.ReadmoreNote(s):Ghana;2014to2029;allvaluesareestimatesSource(s):TotalconsumerspendingonhealthcareinGhanafrom2014to2029(inmillionU.S.dollars)TotalconsumerspendingonhealthcareinGhana2014-20291,6001,4001,2001,0008006004002000201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025202620272028202934Description:ThetotalconsumerspendingonhealthcareinGhanawasforecasttocontinuouslyincreasebetween2024and2029byintotal356.7millionU.S.dollars(+36.22percent).Aftertheseventhconsecutiveincreasingyear,thehealthcare-relatedspendingisestimatedt