小學(xué)英語語法小結(jié)

小學(xué)英語語法小結(jié)名詞：有可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞有單數(shù)和、復(fù)數(shù)之分。名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：一般在名詞詞尾“s”如：teacher—teachersegg—eggs以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的名詞加’“es”如:class—classesbox—boxesbus—buseswatch—watches以輔音字母+y的名詞變y為i加es如：story—storieslibrary—librariesdictionary—dictionarieshobby—hobbies以f,fe結(jié)尾的名詞，變f,fe為v加es如：life—livesleaf—leaveshalf—halvesknife—kniveswolf—wolveswife—wives以o結(jié)尾的名詞英雄芒果土豆西紅柿”加es如：hero—heroesmango—mangoespotato—potatoestomato--tomatoes其余加s如：zoo—zooskilo—kilosradio—radiosphoto—photospiano—pianos不規(guī)則名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式如：child—childrenman—menwoman--womenfoot—feettooth—teeth有的可數(shù)名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同如：Japanese、Chinese、sleep.如：lhaveonesleep.Hehastwosleep.不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式不可數(shù)名詞有：【1】milk、water、juice、tea、ice;【2】food、rice、meat、fish、chicken、bread、cheese；【3】paper、newspaper、hair、time、money、homework、housework；不可數(shù)名詞的的數(shù)量常表示如下Twobottlesofmilkacupofjuicehalfakiloofcheeseabigofricethreekilosofmeatsomewater人稱代詞人稱代詞包括主格和賓格。主格在句中作主語，賓格用于動詞或介詞后作賓語。主格Iweyouhesheitthey賓格meusyouhimheritthem我你們你、你們他她它他、她、它們Wearegoingtohaveapicnic.Letusgo.ImisseveryoneinChina.Whocanhelpme?Whatishedoing?Heistryingtogetonthebus.Lookathim.Shecan’theat.Thisdoghelpsher.TellmemoreabouttheGreatWall.物主代詞物主代詞包括形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。形容詞性物主代詞后需跟名詞，名詞性物主代詞后不用跟。名詞性物主代詞含義=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞的含義。形容詞性物主代詞myouryourhisheritstheir名詞性物主代詞mineoursyourshishersitstheirs我的我們的你的、你們的他的她的它的他、她、它們的Thisismybook.=Thisbookismine.Thisishiebag=Thisbagishis.Yourwatchisold,buthersisnew.Thanksgivingismyfavouritefestival.Wesay“Thinkyou”forourfood,familyandfriends.四、疑問詞who誰what什么when什么時候where哪里whattime幾點why為什么how怎么whose誰的howmuch多少howmany多少howold多大whatcolour什么顏色howlong多長whatday那天對人物提問用whoWhogaveittoyou？Simon’sfamilygaveittome.Whocanhelpme?Icanhelpyou.對事物或做某事提問用whatWhatdoyouwant？Iwantahotdog.Whatareyoudoing?Iamreadingabook.Whatareyougoingtostudy?I’mgoingtostudyEnglish.Whatareyougoingtodo?We’regoingtowalkaroundthelake. What’sitabout?It’saboutanimals.3、對時間提問用whenWhenareyougoingtoeat?We’regoingtoeatatha;fpasttwelve.Whenwasheborn?Hewasbornin1809.4、對點鐘提問用whattimeWhattimeisit?It’stwelve.Whattimedoyougetup?Igetupatsixo’clock.對地點提問用whereWherewasheborn?HewasborninFrance.Whereareyou?Iamonthetrain.Where’syourmum?She’satthesupermarket.對原因提問用whyWhyareyouwearingaraincoat?Becauseit’sgoingtorain.對身體狀態(tài)或方式用how動詞原形動詞過去式動詞原形動詞過去式gowentcomecamebecomebecamebringbroughtsaysaidputputteachtaughtcancouldreadreadgivegaveam/iswasareweredodidflyflewhavehadmakemaderunranseesawriderodewinwongetgottelltoldeatatesendsenttaketookbuyboughtsitsatmeetmetwritewrotedrawdrewswimswamfallfellrinkdrankringrang動詞ing形式也是現(xiàn)在分詞形式現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則一般在動詞詞尾直接加“ing”sleep--sleepinglook--lookingwear--wearingeat--eatingsend--sendingsing--singinggo--goingjump--jumping以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞要去掉e再加上“ing”write--writingcome--comingride--ridinguse--usinghave--havingmake--makingtake--takingshine--shining有些動詞雙寫最后一個字母再加“ing”get--gettingput--puttingsit--sittingrun--runningSwim--swimmingskip--skippingshop--shopping動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則大多數(shù)動詞在詞尾加“s”stop--stopsmake--makesread--readsplay--plays以輔音字母加“y”結(jié)尾的，先將“y”變?yōu)椤癷”加“es”fly--fliescarry--carriesstudy-studiesworry--worries以“s,x,ch,sh,o”結(jié)尾，在詞尾加es”teach--teacheswatch--watchesdo--doesgo--goes情態(tài)動詞can過去式could后加動詞原形IcanwriteEnglish.Icancarrythisbag.Icanhelpyou.Wecanalwaysbefriends.Latershecouldreadandwrite.否定句在can，could后加notcannot=can’tcouldnot=couldn’tWecan’tgonow.Ican’twriteChinese.Shecouldn’tseeandshecouldn’thear.Ican’tcarryeverything.Hisfriendscan’thearhim.一般疑問句把can，could提前到句首Canyouswim?Yes,Ican./No,Ican’t.CanyouspeakEnglish?CanIwritetoyourfriends?CanyoubemyChinesepenpal?Yes,ofcourse.十、反義詞big--smalllong--shortnew--oldtall--shortyoung--oldheavy--lighteasy--hard/difficultup--downearly--latefat--thinwhite--blackcry--laughdifferent--sameinside--outsidehot--coldhappy--sadgood--badclean--dirtybring--takethis--thatthese--thosealways--neverwoman--man十一、同音詞for--fourson--sunhour--ourtoo--tworight--writeeye--Iaren’t--auntsent--centWhere--weartheir--thereby--buysee--sea近義詞good--wellstudy--learn十三、縮寫形式與完整形式Iam=I’mheis=he’ssheis=she’sitis=it’sthatis=that’swhatis=what’sletus=let’sweare=we’retheyare=they’reyouare=you’recannot=can’tcouldnot=couldn’tshouldnot=shouldn’twillnot=won’tI’ll=Iwillwe’ll=wewilldonot=don’tdoesnot=doesn’tdidnot=didn’tIthasgot=it’sgotIhavegot=I’vegothavenot=haven’thasnot=hasn