海工建造規(guī)范培訓(xùn)DNV建造標(biāo)準(zhǔn)C401中文版

DNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingof

OffshoreStructures”DNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructuresThisiswhat’sallabout15/05/20242VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructuresCoursePurpose.

培訓(xùn)目的TogiveabriefoverviewofDNVoffshorestandards.介紹DNV海工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)TogivebasicknowledgeoffabricationstandardOSC-401介紹海工建造標(biāo)準(zhǔn)OSC-401的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)15/05/20243VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructuresDNV’sROLEINOFFSHORECLASSIFICATIONDETNORSKEVERITAS(DNV)isanautonomousandindependentfoundationwiththeobjectivesofsafeguardinglife,propertyandtheenvironment,atseaandonshore.DETNORSKEVERITAS(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)DNV)是一家獨(dú)立的公司。致力于在海上或海岸上保護(hù)工作人員的生命，公共財(cái)產(chǎn)及設(shè)備的安全和對(duì)環(huán)境進(jìn)行保護(hù)。DNVundertakesclassification,certification,andotherverificationandconsultancyservicesrelatingtoqualityofships,offshoreunitsandinstallations,andonshoreindustriesworldwide,andcarriesoutresearchinrelationtothesefunctions.DNV提供在下列領(lǐng)域內(nèi)為客戶提供分級(jí)、驗(yàn)證、認(rèn)證和咨詢服務(wù)：造船、海工部件和安裝、海岸工程以及在這些相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的專(zhuān)業(yè)研究。15/05/20244VersionOffshoreStandards

海工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)包括：DNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”A:QualityandSafetyMethodology

質(zhì)量和安全控制方法B:MaterialsTechnology材料技術(shù)C:Structures結(jié)構(gòu)D:Systems系統(tǒng)E:SpecialFacilities特殊設(shè)備F:PipelinesandRisers安裝管道和豎管ABCDEF15/05/20245VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructuresOffshoreStandards.海工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ProvidetechnicalprovisionsandacceptancecriteriaforgeneralusebytheoffshoreindustryaswellasthetechnicalbasisforDNVoffshoreservices.海工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為海工建造提供技術(shù)條款和可接受的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)15/05/20246VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructuresRecommendedPractices.

ProvideproventechnologyandsoundengineeringpracticeaswellasguidanceforthehigherlevelOffshoreServiceSpecificationsandOffshoreStandards.提供技術(shù)和錄音實(shí)例以及提供高水平的海工服務(wù)規(guī)格和海工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指南。15/05/20247VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructuresDNVOffshoreCodesareofferedwithinthefollowingareas:A)Qualification,QualityandSafetyMethodology

資格、品質(zhì)和安全控制方法B)MaterialsTechnology

材料技術(shù)C)Structures

結(jié)構(gòu)D)Systems

系統(tǒng)E)SpecialFacilities特殊設(shè)備F)PipelinesandRisers

安裝管道和豎管G)AssetOperation

資產(chǎn)管理H)MarineOperations

海工運(yùn)營(yíng)15/05/20248VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”DifferenceShipRulesversusOffshorerules船舶規(guī)范與海工規(guī)范不同的原因RulesforOffshoreprojectsareinsomeareasquitedifferentfromthetraditionalShipRules,duetolongtimeonlocationwithnoorlimitedpossibilitiesleavethelocation.(>20–25yearsservicetime)海工產(chǎn)品必須在海上持續(xù)工作20－25年船舶可以進(jìn)塢進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)（中間檢驗(yàn)、特檢）15/05/20249VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Someimportantaspects:幾個(gè)重要方面Structuralintegrityandstrength(Loadsbasedonenvironmentalconditionsonactuallocation)結(jié)構(gòu)形式和強(qiáng)度（載荷根據(jù)工作地點(diǎn)的實(shí)際環(huán)境）AccidentalloadstobeincludedinDesignLoads(DAL)設(shè)計(jì)載荷還考慮到可能受到的意外載荷Fatigue(attentiontodetails)疲勞問(wèn)題Maintenance保養(yǎng)維修Corrosionprotection防腐Inserviceinspection(Accessetc.shouldbeplannedandprovidedduringnewbuildingphase)使用過(guò)程中的檢驗(yàn)IncreasedreliabilityofMarinesystems,utilitysystemsandequipment.提高各種系統(tǒng)和設(shè)備、設(shè)施的可靠性Safetysystems(Fire,explosion,abandoninstallationetc.)防火、防爆、逃生等安全系統(tǒng)Shelfstaterequirementstoaccommodationandworkingenvironment當(dāng)?shù)氐木幼『凸ぷ鳝h(huán)境要求15/05/202410VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”DNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”DNV-OS-C401海工結(jié)構(gòu)建造和試驗(yàn)CH.1INTRODUCTION介紹CH.2TECHNICALPROVISIONS技術(shù)條款CH.3CERTIFICATIONANDCLASSIFICATION驗(yàn)證與入級(jí)15/05/202411VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”

CH.1INTRODUCTIONA200Objective201Theobjectivesofthisstandardareto:Provideaninternationallyacceptablestandardtoensurethequalityofallweldingoperationsusedinoffshorefabrication,throughidentifyingappropriateweldingprocedures,welderqualificationsandtestmethods.提供國(guó)際認(rèn)可的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，通過(guò)對(duì)焊接程序、焊工資格和測(cè)試方法的認(rèn)證來(lái)保障海工焊接質(zhì)量Serveasatechnicalreferencedocumentincontractualmattersbetweenpurchaserandcontractor.為買(mǎi)方和承包人就合同問(wèn)題提供技術(shù)參考文件Serveasguidelinefordesigner,purchaserandcontractor為設(shè)計(jì)者、買(mǎi)方和承包商提供指導(dǎo)SpecifyminimumrequirementsforweldingoperationssubjecttoDNVcertificationandclassification.將焊接工作的要求最細(xì)化，使其符合DNV的認(rèn)證和分級(jí)要求15/05/202412VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Chapter2Technicalprovisions第二章：技術(shù)條款Sec.1WeldingProceduresandQualificationofWelders

焊接工藝和焊工取證Sec.2FabricationandTolerances建造與公差Sec.3Non-DestructiveTesting無(wú)損探傷Sec.4OtherTests其它試驗(yàn)Sec.5CorrosionProtectionSystems防腐系統(tǒng)Sec.6Miscellaneous其它

15/05/202413VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”

Sec.1WeldingProceduresandQualificationofWelders焊接工藝與焊工取證Weldingprocedures焊接工藝Pre-WeldingProcedureSpecificationtobepreparedandacceptedbypurchaser.焊接預(yù)試驗(yàn)工藝必須得到船東認(rèn)可WPQTtobebasedonacceptedPre-WPS按照焊接預(yù)試驗(yàn)工藝進(jìn)行焊接工藝認(rèn)可試驗(yàn)WPSmaybebasedonpurchaseracceptedWPQTandinconformancewithanagreedqualificationscheme.焊接工藝建立在焊接工藝認(rèn)可實(shí)驗(yàn)及其質(zhì)量控制方案WPSshallreflectconditionsandequipmentusedfortheactualproductionwelding.焊接工藝須反映實(shí)際工作所使用的設(shè)備和相關(guān)條件WPSshallreflecttheworkingenvironmentfortheworkshoporsitewheretheproductionweldingwillbeperformed.焊接工藝須反映實(shí)際工作場(chǎng)所的工作環(huán)境SpecificrequirementstoWPQTforC-MnsteelsarefoundinOS-C401Ch.2,Sec.1,C.關(guān)于C-Mn系鋼的焊接工藝與焊工資格的具體要求，詳見(jiàn)OS-C401Ch.2,Sec.1,C.15/05/202414VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”AWPScanbeestablishedbyoneofthefollowingmethods:編制焊接工藝說(shuō)明書(shū)的方法：Performingofweldingproceduretest(WPQT)andsubsequentreviewoftheweldingprocedurequalificationrecords(WPQR)進(jìn)行焊接工藝評(píng)定試驗(yàn)，并對(duì)相關(guān)記錄進(jìn)行評(píng)定Reviewofpreviouslyqualifiedweldingprocedurestests(WPQT)whichhasbeenwitnessedbyapartyrecognizedbythepurchaser對(duì)其它船級(jí)社或其它組織認(rèn)可的焊接工藝評(píng)定記錄進(jìn)行評(píng)定ReviewofWPS評(píng)定焊接工藝說(shuō)明書(shū)Reviewandverificationofdocumentationshowingsuccessfulapplicationofweldingproceduresoveraprolongedperiodoftime.對(duì)經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期使用后被認(rèn)為是成功的焊接工藝進(jìn)行評(píng)定、驗(yàn)證15/05/202415VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”

Weldersqualification焊工的評(píng)定Welderswhoareweldinginmanualorpartlymechanizedweldingprocessesshallbequalifiedinaccordancewitharecognizedstandard(E.g.EN287,ISO9609,ASMEIXorANSI/AWSD1.1)手工焊和半自動(dòng)焊焊工須得到相關(guān)組織的認(rèn)可Weldersusingfullymechanizedweldingorautomaticweldingprocesses,needgenerallynotpassaqualificationtest,butshallreceiveadequatetrainingforsettingandoperationofequipment.自動(dòng)焊的操作人員無(wú)需進(jìn)行專(zhuān)門(mén)的考試，但需要通過(guò)專(zhuān)門(mén)的培訓(xùn)來(lái)學(xué)會(huì)設(shè)置和操作設(shè)備15/05/202416VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”

Sec.2.Fabricationandtolerances.第二章建造與許可公差FabricationPlanning建造方案Asaprerequisiteforfabrication,procedures,inspectionandtestplansandworkinstructionsforexecutionandcontroloffabricationactivitiesshallbeestablished.工藝方案、檢驗(yàn)和試驗(yàn)方案是執(zhí)行和控制建造的先決條件ContractorsinvolvedinfabricationofstructuralmembersshallhaveadocumentedandimplementedqualitysystemaccordingtoISO9001orequivalent.承包商應(yīng)該具有完善的質(zhì)量體系Workmanshipshallbeinaccordancewithwrittenproceduresacceptedbythepurchaser.必須按照船東認(rèn)可的工藝進(jìn)行施工Allworkshallbeexecutedwithadequatecontrolbythecontractor.Repairworkshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewithwrittenproceduresacceptedbythepurchaser.所有施工過(guò)程必須有嚴(yán)格的控制，修補(bǔ)工作也必須按照認(rèn)可的工藝進(jìn)行15/05/202417VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Faultsanddeficienciesshallbecorrectedbeforepaintingorothermeansofpermanentcovershavebeenapplied.所有錯(cuò)誤和缺陷必須在油漆和其它東西覆蓋前得到修復(fù)PriortocommencementoftheworkthecontractorshallsubmitaplanforNDT,NDTproceduresanddocumentsforNDTinspectors’certificationforacceptancebythepurchaser.Theprogrammeshallcontaininformationanddocumentsforplanning,controlling,reportingetc.AcceptancecriteriaforNDTshallbeacceptedbythepurchaseriftheyarenotspecifiedinrelevantdocuments.開(kāi)工前承包商需要提供無(wú)損探傷方案，方案應(yīng)包括整個(gè)過(guò)程控制和驗(yàn)收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。整個(gè)方案應(yīng)包括計(jì)劃、控制和匯報(bào)等方面的信息和文件。如果沒(méi)有特別的要求，承包商需接受NDT的驗(yàn)收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。15/05/202418VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Inspection.檢驗(yàn)Tobecarriedoutinaccordancewithacceptedinspectionandtestplanscovering:檢驗(yàn)要按照檢驗(yàn)和試驗(yàn)方案進(jìn)行，應(yīng)包括：correctidentificationanddocumentationanduseofmaterials材料跟蹤qualificationandacceptanceoffabricationproceduresandpersonnel評(píng)定施工人員資質(zhì)和建造方案inspectionofpreparatorywork(assembly,fit-upformwork,reinforcementetc.)檢驗(yàn)成型、裝配、加強(qiáng)等準(zhǔn)備工作weldinginspection焊接的檢驗(yàn)inspectionoffabricationworkforcompliancewithspecificationsandprocedures確認(rèn)施工人員資質(zhì)以及是否按工藝施工witnessingNDT,controlandtesting跟蹤無(wú)損探傷和其它試驗(yàn)inspectionofrepairs修補(bǔ)工作的檢驗(yàn)15/05/202419VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”inspectionofcorrosionprotectionsystems防腐系統(tǒng)的檢驗(yàn)ensurefunctionalityofexaminationortestingequipmentandofrecordingand/ormeasuringdevicesvitalforcorrectfunctioningofequipmentandmachineryusedinfabrication.確保檢驗(yàn)設(shè)備的可靠性Dueconsiderationshallbegiventotheaccessandthetimerequiredforadequateinspectionduringfabrication.確保留有足夠的檢驗(yàn)時(shí)間和通道Highnon-conformanceratesinexecutionoftheworkorintheproductitselfshallcallforspecialconsiderations.Suchspecialconsiderationsmayinclude,butnotbelimitedto,increasedinspection,re-qualificationofpersonnelorotheragreedremedialactions.在建造過(guò)程中不按規(guī)定施工人次較多，或產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量問(wèn)題較多的情況下，需要采取增加檢驗(yàn)、對(duì)施工人員重新評(píng)定以及其它彌補(bǔ)措施NOTE!!注意！！Inspectorsshallbequalifiedaccordingtoarecognizedschemeandshallbeabletoprovidedocumentationofproficiency.檢驗(yàn)人員需要經(jīng)過(guò)專(zhuān)門(mén)培訓(xùn)并得到認(rèn)可15/05/202420VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”MaterialIdentification,CuttingandForming材料識(shí)別，切割和成型Materialidentification材料識(shí)別Atraceabilitysystemthatensurescorrectinstallationanddocumentationofthematerialgradesorstrengthclassesshallbeestablishedbythecontractorthroughouttheprefabricationandinstallationprocess.建立材料跟蹤系統(tǒng)確保正確使用材料，記錄材料：材質(zhì)、等級(jí)Propercareshallbeexercisedduringhandlingandstoragetopreserveidentificationofsuchmaterial.材料識(shí)別和跟蹤應(yīng)貫穿下料、運(yùn)輸、儲(chǔ)存等全過(guò)程15/05/202421VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Cuttingandforming.Theeffectofworkhardeningshallbeconsideredifshearingisusedforcuttingofmaterial.Specialattentionshallbepaidtotheriskofcrackededges.材料剪切后邊緣會(huì)產(chǎn)生硬化和裂紋，要特別注意Attentionshallbepaidtoexcessivelocalhardeningandcarboncontaminationsbythermalcutting.Thismaybereducedbysuitableheattreatmentorremovedbymechanicalmeans.通過(guò)熱工切割可能產(chǎn)生的局部硬化和滲碳，可以通過(guò)熱處理和機(jī)械方法消除Formingandstraighteningofmaterialsshallbeperformedaccordingtoagreedprocedures.Suchworkshallbecontrolledbythecontractor.成型和校平工藝需要得到認(rèn)可，并得到有效控制Thedegreeofcolddeformationofspecialandprimarystructuralelementsshallbelessthan5%.Ifthedeformationexceeds5%,eitherheattreatmentorstrainageingtestsshallbecarriedoutaccordingtoanagreedprocedure.主體結(jié)構(gòu)和特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的冷變形大于5％時(shí)，要通過(guò)認(rèn)可的熱處理方法校正15/05/202422VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Tolerances公差A(yù)llowablefabricationtolerancesshallbesubmittedtothepurchaserforacceptance.規(guī)定公差需得到船東認(rèn)可Specialconsiderationsshallbegiveninprovidingproperalignmentofstructuralmembers.Allowablefabricationtolerancesshallbeestablishedonbasisofdueconsiderationtothecriticalityofthedesign.特別要注意結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)中問(wèn)題ThemaximumfabricationtolerancesmaygenerallybetakenincompliancewithIACSShipbuildingandRepairQualityStandardPartASec.6andSec.7.建造工程可參照國(guó)際船級(jí)社的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)PartASec.6andSec.7NOTE!!注意StraightnessofmemberswhicharebasedonbucklingcalculationsaccordingtoDNV-RP-C201and/orDNV-RPC202shallbewithinthetolerancesgiveninTableE3.結(jié)構(gòu)的直線度參照DNV-RP-C201and/orDNV-RPC202的E3表格106Alignmentsofthenon-continuousplatesincruciformjointsandbuttweldsshallbewithinthetolerancesgiveninFig.1,TableE1andTableE2.非連續(xù)構(gòu)件的對(duì)中參照以下E1（非連續(xù)）,E2（連續(xù)對(duì)接）表格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)15/05/202423VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”表E1表示十字接頭，依次分別為：特殊結(jié)構(gòu)、重要結(jié)構(gòu)和次要結(jié)構(gòu)的錯(cuò)位表E2表示對(duì)接接頭，依次分別為：特殊結(jié)構(gòu)、重要結(jié)構(gòu)和次要結(jié)構(gòu)的錯(cuò)位15/05/202424VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”15/05/202425VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Assembly,Welding,HeattreatmentandRepairsAssemblyandWelding.裝配和電焊Assemblyandweldingoperationsshallbecarriedoutbyqualifiedpersonnelandsupervision.裝配工和電焊工都必須持證Afabricationsequenceshallbeestablishedtoensurethatthestructurecanbeassembledinamannerwhichallowsforeffectivecontrolatallstagesofwork.為了對(duì)整個(gè)工程進(jìn)行有效控制，必須編制建造次序Fit-up,preparationforweldingandweldingoperationsshalltakeplaceinaccordancewithproceduresacceptedbythepurchaser.裝配、焊前準(zhǔn)備工作、焊接都必須按認(rèn)可的工藝進(jìn)行Theweldingsequenceshallbesuchthattheamountofshrinkage,distortionsandresidualstressesareminimized.焊接順序要有利于焊接變形和殘余應(yīng)力的最小化15/05/202426VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Thefit-upshallbecheckedfordimensionalaccuracybeforewelding.Surfacestobeweldedshallbefreefrommillscale,slag,rust,grease,paintetc.Edgesaretohaveasmoothanduniformsurface.Noweldingshallbeperformedwhenthesurfacesaredamp.Suitableprotectionshallbearrangedwhenweldingisperformedduringinclementweatherconditions.Thegrooveshallbedryatthetimeofwelding.焊接前必須檢驗(yàn)裝配的準(zhǔn)確性。焊接區(qū)域必須清除氧化皮、熔渣、鐵銹、油漬、油漆等。板縫必須保證平直。嚴(yán)禁在潮濕的板縫上焊接，焊縫必須保持干燥。天氣惡劣的情況下，焊接前要采取適當(dāng)?shù)姆雷o(hù)措施。Preheatingshallpreferablybeperformedwithelectricheatingelements.Gasburnersmaybeusedundercontrolledconditions.Cuttingtorchesshouldnotbeused.當(dāng)板縫需要加熱時(shí)，最好使用電加熱。烘槍的使用必須在嚴(yán)格控制下進(jìn)行。嚴(yán)禁使用割刀加熱。Forweldsofstructuralcategoryspecial,primaryandbutt-weldsinsecondarystructuralelementsaWPSshallbeestablishedforacceptancebythepurchaser.主體結(jié)構(gòu)、重要結(jié)構(gòu)焊接的焊接工藝以及次要構(gòu)件的對(duì)接縫的焊接工藝必須得到船東的認(rèn)可。15/05/202427VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Guidancenote:Theweldconnectionbetweentwocomponentsshallbeassignedthestructuralcategoryareaequaltothehighercategoryofthejoinedcomponents.Forstiffenedplatesnotclassifiedasstructuralcategoryspecial,theweldconnectionbetweenstiffenerandstringerandgirderwebtoplatemaynormallybeassignedstructuralcategorysecondary.兩個(gè)構(gòu)件焊接時(shí)，按照較高等級(jí)的材料的焊接要求進(jìn)行。非重要構(gòu)件的扶強(qiáng)材的焊接、平臺(tái)扶強(qiáng)材的焊接、桁材扶強(qiáng)材的焊接、扶強(qiáng)材之間的焊接都可以按照次要構(gòu)件的焊接要求進(jìn)行。Tackweldingshall,whenintegratedinproductionwelding,bequalified.Forweldsspecifiedin112aWPSshallbesubmittedtothepurchaserforacceptance.定位焊作為結(jié)構(gòu)焊的一部分時(shí)，點(diǎn)焊工或焊工必須持證。對(duì)于112項(xiàng)規(guī)定的焊接，焊接工藝需要得到船東的認(rèn)可。Allfabricationweldingshallbeperformedwithinthelimitsofessentialvariablesofthequalifiedweldingprocedure.Thisalsoincludestackwelding,sealwelding,weldingofliftinglugsandattachmentweldsaswellasrepairwelding.所有的焊接都不能超過(guò)認(rèn)可的焊接工藝范圍。這包括：定位焊、蓋面、吊耳和其它附件的焊接以及電焊修補(bǔ)工作。15/05/202428VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Whenresumingweldingonpartiallyfilledjointsinspecialareas,preheatingshallbeperformedandthetemperaturewithinthespecifiedtolerances,shallifnototherwiseagreed,beequaltotheinterpasstemperaturefortheweldingpassinquestion.在多道焊焊縫未一次性焊完的情況下，繼續(xù)施焊前需要按要求對(duì)焊縫進(jìn)行加熱。加熱溫度要符合規(guī)定要求或等同于同類(lèi)焊縫的層間溫度。Groovesproducedbygougingshallbefollowedbygrindingremovingcarbonizedmaterialandthegrooveshallbedressedtoashapeconsistentwithtolerancesinagreementwiththepurchaser.碳刨坡口要用打磨的方法去除滲碳層，坡口成型的公差范圍也要得到船東的認(rèn)可。Weldingconsumablesshallbeclassifiedwithrespecttostrength,applicationareaandhydrogenlevelaccordingtorecognizedscheme.焊材的使用要按照規(guī)范，符合強(qiáng)度、焊接位置的要求，氫含量也要符合相應(yīng)的要求。15/05/202429VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Recyclingoffluxesforsubmerged-arcweldingshallbeperformedinamannerthatensuresamixtureofnewandusedfluxwithcontinuallyhomogenousproperties.焊劑的回收利用以及新老焊接的混合使用要保證焊劑的純度。Weldsshallbeterminatedinamannerthatwillensuresoundweldswithoutend-craters.Extensionbarsandrun-offplatesshallberemoveduponcompletionandcoolingoftheweld.Theendoftheweldshallbemadesmoothandflushwiththeedgesofabuttingparts.起弧和息弧分別要使用，確保兩端沒(méi)有弧坑，引弧板和息弧板在焊縫冷卻后去除。端頭電焊要光順，與板邊保持平直。121Grindingofweldswiththeintentionofincreasingthefatiguelifeand/orreducingtheprobabilityofbrittlefractureshallbecarriedoutaccordingtoagreedspecifications.用打磨的方法來(lái)提高焊縫的疲勞壽命或者消除裂紋要符合規(guī)范。15/05/202430VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Storageandhandlingofweldingconsumablesshallbeinaccordancewiththemanufacturer'srecommendations,andinaccordancewithproceduresgivingdetailsregardingconditionsinstoragerooms,temperatureinstorageovensandquivers,lengthofexposureandconditions,asapplicable.焊材的使用和保存都要得到船東認(rèn)可，包括：儲(chǔ)存室的條件、烘箱、焊條筒的溫度等。Weldingproductiontestsshallbemadeduringfabricationofweldsinspecialareasandinprimarystructuralelementstoverifythattheproducedweldsareofacceptablequality.Minimumonetestcouponisrequiredfromeachappliedweldingprocess.主體結(jié)構(gòu)和重要結(jié)構(gòu)的焊接要通過(guò)同等環(huán)境下的試驗(yàn)來(lái)驗(yàn)證其可靠性，每種結(jié)構(gòu)至少做一個(gè)試驗(yàn)。Importantweldingoperationsshallbecarriedoutunderdailysupervisionofaninspector,whohastheexperienceandqualifications,whichenablehimtojudgethistypeofwork.Theworkofeachweldershallberegularlyexamined.重要結(jié)構(gòu)焊接要有合格的人員監(jiān)控。所有焊工都要接受定期檢查。Theweldingshopandcontractorsshallkeepacardindexorregisterofallapprovedwelders,withallrelevantinformationregardingqualificationtests,basemetal,consumables,weldpositions,jointdesignetc.每個(gè)車(chē)間和分包商都要建立焊工目錄，目錄要包含：焊工通過(guò)的試驗(yàn)以及相應(yīng)的焊材、焊接方位、接頭形式等信息。15/05/202431VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Repairs.修補(bǔ)Repairsshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewithqualifiedrepairproceduressubjecttoagreement.修補(bǔ)必須按認(rèn)可的工藝進(jìn)行。GuidancetorepairworkmaybefoundinIACSShipbuildingandrepairQualityStandard,PartASec.9andPartB.修補(bǔ)工作可以參考IACS的PartASec.9andPartBMembersdistortedbyweldingmaybestraightenedbymechanicalmeansorbycarefullysupervisedapplicationofalimitedamountoflocalizedheat.Theapplicationofheatormechanicalforceshallbeinaccordancewithawrittenprocedure.焊接變形的機(jī)械校正或局部火工校正必須在嚴(yán)格的監(jiān)控下按工藝進(jìn)行。Defectsinweldsmayberectifiedbygrinding,machiningorwelding.Weldsofinsufficientstrength,ductilityornotchtoughnessshallbecompletelyremovedpriortorepair.焊接缺陷可以通過(guò)打磨、機(jī)械加工或者電焊進(jìn)行修補(bǔ)。當(dāng)焊縫沒(méi)有足夠的強(qiáng)度、延伸性或缺口韌性時(shí)，整個(gè)焊縫需要清除，進(jìn)行重新焊接。Themechanicalpropertiesofrepairweldshallsatisfytheminimumspecifiedpropertiesofthesteelinquestion.電焊的修補(bǔ)要確保結(jié)構(gòu)的機(jī)械性能。15/05/202432VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Repairweldinginthesameareamaybecarriedouttwice.Furtherrepairsshallbeevaluatedineachindividualcase.同一處電焊修補(bǔ)只能修補(bǔ)或返工兩次，之后每一次修補(bǔ)前都必須進(jìn)行評(píng)估確認(rèn)。Wheneveradefectisremoved,thegougedandgroundareashallbeexaminedbymagneticparticletestingorothersuitablemethodstoverifycompleteremoval用碳刨或打磨清除缺陷后，要用磁粉探傷來(lái)確認(rèn)缺陷已完全清除。Thepreheatingandworkingtemperatureshallwhenmakingshallowandlocalrepairsinspecialandprimarystructuralelementsberaised50oCabovethelevelspecifiedforproductionweldingandbeatleast100oCunlessotherwiseagreed.主要構(gòu)件和重要構(gòu)件在修補(bǔ)前需要預(yù)熱，預(yù)熱溫度要高于規(guī)定焊前溫度50度，至少要達(dá)到100度。Forplanardefectstherepairlengthoneithersideofthedefectshallbe50mmlongerthanthesizeofthedefectasconfirmedbyNDT對(duì)無(wú)損探傷發(fā)現(xiàn)的缺陷進(jìn)行修補(bǔ)時(shí)，返工的長(zhǎng)度要確保兩頭都要超過(guò)缺陷長(zhǎng)度50MM。Toensuresoundrepairwelds,thesinglerepairlengthshallnotbeshorterthan50mm.任何地方的焊縫修補(bǔ)長(zhǎng)度都必須大于50MM。15/05/202433VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Minordiscontinuitiesmayberemovedbygrindingormachining,makingasmoothtransitionintothesurroundingmaterial.Thethicknessshallnotbereducedtolessthan93%ofthenominalthicknessbutinnocasebymorethan3mm.Theextentofsuchrepairshallbeagreedupon.部分小的缺陷可以通過(guò)打磨和機(jī)械加工來(lái)清除，清除區(qū)域要保持過(guò)渡光順。打磨和機(jī)械加工后板厚不得低于原板厚的93%，減小的厚度不得大于3MM。超過(guò)這個(gè)范圍必須得到船東、船檢的認(rèn)可。Allrepairsshallbere-inspectedwiththesameNDTmethodstothesameorincreasedextentasnecessary.缺陷修補(bǔ)后需要用相同的無(wú)損探傷方法進(jìn)行重新檢驗(yàn)。再次探傷的范圍要大于前次探傷的范圍。15/05/202434VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Non-DestructiveTesting.無(wú)損探傷GeneralPriortocommencementoffabricationthecontractorshallsubmitaplanforNDT,NDTproceduresanddocumentsforNDTinspectors’certificationforacceptancebythepurchaser.Theprogramshallcontaininformationanddocumentsforplanning,controllingandreporting.開(kāi)工前，廠方需要提交無(wú)損探傷的范圍和方法，人員資質(zhì)要得到船東認(rèn)可。TheinspectioncategoriesshallbedefinedinaccordancewithDNV-OS-C101Sec.4orDNV-OS-C201Sec4andshallbespecifiedinrelevantdesigndrawings.檢驗(yàn)范圍要符合DNV-OS-C101Sec.4或DNV-OS-C201Sec4的規(guī)定。WeldsshallbesubjecttoNDTinprogresswithfabrication.Theresultsoftheseactivitiesshallbeconsecutivelyreportedtothepurchaser.建造過(guò)程中的無(wú)損探傷結(jié)果須及時(shí)提交船東。15/05/202435VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”MethodsofNDTshallbechosenwithdueregardtotheconditionsincludingthesensitivityofthemethodandthemethod’sabilitytodetectdefectslikelytooccurasaconsequenceofthechosenweldingprocess.針對(duì)不同的焊接程序應(yīng)該采用不同的無(wú)損探傷形式，確保探傷的準(zhǔn)確性。FinalinspectionandNDTofstructuralsteelweldsshallnotbecarriedoutbefore48hoursaftercompletion,exceptwherePWHT（POST-WELDHEATTREATMENT）isrequired.ThetimedelaymayuponagreementbereducedforNV36gradesorlowerandforNV420gradesorlowerforplatethicknesseslessthan40mm,ifconsistentlowfailurerateofdelayedcrackinghasbeendocumentedforthematerialsandweldingconsumablesinquestion.除經(jīng)過(guò)熱處理的結(jié)構(gòu)外，其它焊縫的檢驗(yàn)和無(wú)損探傷應(yīng)在焊接完成48小時(shí)后進(jìn)行。對(duì)于級(jí)別低于NV36（包括NV36）和板厚小于40MM的NV42的材料焊接，如果連續(xù)的記錄表明產(chǎn)生延遲裂紋的概率很低，則經(jīng)過(guò)船東、船檢同意，檢驗(yàn)和無(wú)損探傷的開(kāi)始時(shí)間可以少于48小時(shí)。15/05/202436VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Whenheattreatmentisperformed,thefinalNDTshallbecarriedoutwhenallheattreatmentshavebeencompleted.

如果需要進(jìn)行熱處理，無(wú)損探傷應(yīng)該安排在所有熱處理完成后進(jìn)行。Allweldsshallbe100%visuallyinspectedpriortocarryingoutNDT.無(wú)損探傷前焊縫應(yīng)進(jìn)行100%外觀檢驗(yàn)。AllNDTshallbeproperlydocumentedinsuchawaythattheperformedexaminationcanbeduplicated.Thereportsshallidentifythedefectspresentintheweldareaandstateiftheweldsatisfiestheacceptancecriteriaornot.所有無(wú)損探傷必須記錄全面，確?？梢园凑胀瑯拥姆绞街刈觥?bào)告要指明缺陷所在位置以及是否符合規(guī)范要求。15/05/202437VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”NDTProcedures無(wú)損探傷的程序NDTshallbeperformedinaccordancewithagreedwrittenproceduresthat,asaminimum,givedetailedinformationonthefollowingaspects:無(wú)損探傷應(yīng)按照書(shū)面的程序進(jìn)行，應(yīng)包括以下幾個(gè)方面：applicablecodeorstandard使用的代號(hào)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)materialsanddimensions材料和尺寸weldingprocess焊接程序jointconfigurationanddimensions接頭形式與尺寸Technique探傷方法equipment,mainandauxiliary主要的和輔助設(shè)備Sensitivity靈敏度15/05/202438VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”calibrationtechniquesandcalibrationreferences校準(zhǔn)技術(shù)和校準(zhǔn)基準(zhǔn)testingparametersandvariables試驗(yàn)參數(shù)和范圍assessmentofimperfections準(zhǔn)確性的評(píng)價(jià)reportinganddocumentationofresults結(jié)果的報(bào)告與存檔referencetoapplicableweldingprocedure(s)關(guān)于適用的焊接工藝personnelqualification人員資質(zhì)acceptancecriteria.接受標(biāo)準(zhǔn)15/05/202439VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”P(pán)ersonnelqualification無(wú)損探傷檢驗(yàn)人員資質(zhì)PersonnelperformingNDTandinterpretationofexaminationresultsshallbecertifiedaccordingtoarecognizedcertificationschemesubjecttoagreementandshallprovideavalidcertificateofproficiency.Thecertificateshallstatethequalificationsastowhichexaminationmethodandwithinwhichcategorytheoperatorisqualified.進(jìn)行無(wú)損探傷的職工和其檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果都必須符合合同中規(guī)定的驗(yàn)證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，且須提供有效的級(jí)別證書(shū)。此證書(shū)須注明其具有運(yùn)用何種檢驗(yàn)方法的資格和操作人員的能力范圍。NOTE!!ThisrequirementisalsovalidforVisualinspectorsasvisualinspectionisthefirst,andmaybethemostimportantstepofNDTinspection此要求對(duì)視察員同樣有效。因?yàn)橐暡鞎r(shí)第一位，同時(shí)也是作重要的步驟。15/05/202440VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”ExtentofNDT無(wú)損探傷的范圍ExtentofNDTshallbebasedontypeandlevelofdesignstressesandontheimportanceoftheconnectioninquestion.Theweldsshallbeassignedinspectioncategoriesequaltothehigheststructuralcategoryofthetwocomponents.無(wú)損探傷的范圍主要根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的重要性和設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)力來(lái)確定。兩個(gè)構(gòu)件的焊接檢驗(yàn)應(yīng)該按照高級(jí)別構(gòu)件的檢驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。Forstiffenedplates,whicharenotassignedInspectioncategoryI,theweldconnectionbetweenstiffenerandstringerandgirderwebtotheplatemaynormallybeinspectedaccordingtoInspectionCategoryIII.非重要構(gòu)件的扶強(qiáng)材與扶強(qiáng)材的對(duì)接、扶強(qiáng)材與平臺(tái)或桁材的焊接通?？梢园凑杖?lèi)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。Radiographicexaminationmaybereplacedbyultrasonicexaminationandviceversa,whenmethodologicallyjustifiableandinagreementwiththepurchaser.在能達(dá)到同等效果的情況下，經(jīng)過(guò)船東同意，拍片和超聲波探傷可以互換。FrequentrepairsshallresultinincreasedextentofNDT.返工越多，無(wú)損探傷的范圍應(yīng)越大。15/05/202441VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”NDTshallnormallybecarriedouttoanextentnotlessthanrequiredinTableB1.無(wú)損探傷的范圍不得小于以下B1表的要求。15/05/202442VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”AcceptancecriteriaforNDT15/05/202443VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”15/05/202444VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”t代表金屬板厚度總體要求：焊接需保證形狀和尺寸正確無(wú)誤。焊接應(yīng)按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)程序完成并且焊接處與部件有效結(jié)合。凹槽處焊接需進(jìn)行輕微的或最小程度的加固，或進(jìn)行根部滲透，但不要超過(guò)3毫米。腳縫焊表面須輕微凸起或凹陷，或者保持平面與底角平齊。15/05/202445VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”1)如果相同的缺陷（氣孔或夾渣）之間的距離小于其中最大的一個(gè)缺陷的長(zhǎng)度，可以考慮其是否為一個(gè)連續(xù)的缺陷。如果過(guò)多的氣孔或夾渣掩蓋