新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)1-outside-view聽(tīng)力原文

新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)1outsideview第一單元Julie:Myname'sJulieDearden,andI'mtheDirectorofInternationalProgrammeshereatHertfordCollege.Eugene:Myname'sEugeneBerger,IstudiedhereinOxfordforfouryearser,studyingmodernlanguagesatSomervilleCollege.Julie:Oh,therearemanyOxfordtraditions.Oxfordisaveryolduniversity,theoldestEnglishspeakinguniversityinthe,intheworld.Andsotherearemanytraditionswhichareassociatedwiththecolleges,withthetimesoftheyear,andwithsport,andwitheating,forexample.Eugene:Eachcollegeisverydifferentum,fromum,theothers,andithasitsowncharacter.Somecollegesareveryconservative,andsomearemuchmoreliberalandhaveatraditionofum,kindofliberalpolitics.Buttherearealsosomespecifictraditions.Julie:FormalHalliswhenwealleattogetherhereincollege,theprofessorsandthestudents.Usuallyittakesplacesatseveno'clockintheevening,andtheprofessorssitonhightablewhichisthetableoverhere,andthestudentssitoncommontable,whicharethetableshere.Buteverybodyeatstogether.It'saverybeautifuleveningbecausethereare,there'saspecialmealandweeatbycandlelight.Eugene:Ithinker,thetraditionsthatmakeOxfordsouniquearefirstlytheOxfordUnionander,secondly,MayDay.TheOxfordUnionbeingadebatingsocietywherespeakerscomefromallaroundtheworldtoaddressthestudentsandevenallowthemselvestobequestionedbythestudents,makingitaveryinterestingforum.Julie:Myfavouriteiser,MayDay.AndMayDayisthefirstdayofMay,andwehaveatraditioncalledMayMorning,andonMayMorningeverybodygetsupveryearlyandthestudentshaveacelebration.ThereisachoirwhichsingsontopofthetoweratMagdalenCollegeandallthepeopleofthetownandallthestudentsgotolistentothesinging.Soit‘sverynice.Eugene:Thetraditionthater,wasmostimportanttomewasprobablySummerEights.Iwasarower.AndSummerEightsisarowingcompetition,heldinMayinthesummerterm.Andinthiscompetition,eachcollegeistryingtoimproveitsplacewhichitwonthepreviousyearandgraduallyworkitswayuptheriver.Julie:Whenthestudentstakeexams,theymustgotoaspecialbuildingandit'scalledExaminationSchools.Andalsotheymustwearaspecialuniform,sotheywearagownlikemine,ablackgown,andtheywearawhiteshirt,andthemenwearawhitetieandblacktrousers.Thewomenwearawhiteshirtandablackskirtorblacktrousers.Andtheymustwearthisuniform,whichhasaLatinname–subfusc–andtheymustwearthisuniforminordertotaketheirexaminations.Eugene:IthinktheOxfordtraditionslendcharactertotheplaceandit'ssuchanoldinstitution,itshouldhavetraditions,buttheycanbeveryinconvenient.Forexample,subfusc.Thisistheuniformthatwearerequiredaccordingtotheuniversityrules,towear.Julie:Theyalsowearflowersintheirbuttonholes,andthoseflowersarecarnations.Andtheyweardifferentcolours,thestudentsweardifferentcolouredflowersfordifferentexaminations.Sowhenyoutakeyourfirstexamyouwearawhiteflower,andwhenyoutakeyoursecondexamyouwearapinkflower,andwhenyoutakeyourfinalexaminationyouweararedcarnation.Eugene:Sowehavetodressupinafullblacksuit,starchedcollar,whitebowtieandcarryamortarboard.Andtowriteanexaminthesummerheatwhilstwearingallthatwhichyou'renotallowedtotakeoffisum,uncomfortable.Julie:IreallyliketheOxfordtraditions,Ithinkit'spartofourhistory,andpartofum,beingastudentorateacherhereatOxfordUniversity.第二單元Students:No...Teacher:No?OK.Whocantellmewhatamindmapis?Student1:It’sawayofthinking.Teacher:Itisawayofthinking.Mindmapsarediagramswhichhelpustogenerateideas,andalsotoorganizeorstructureourideasrelatedtoatopic.WhatI'dliketodonextislookatsomeoftheusesorthereasonsforusingmindmaps.Whataresomeofthereasonsforusingmindmaps?Student2:Tomakealist?Teacher:Tomakealist?Yes.Wecouldsaytobrainstormideas.Everyonecontributestheirideasasmanyideasasquicklyaspossible,fromeveryoneinashortertime,er,as,aswecanmanage.OK,brainstormingisoneofthemostimportantum,um,usesofmindmaps.Whatmightbeanotheruseoranotherreasonforusingmindmaps?Student3:Itcanhelpmetakenotesintheclass.Teacher:OK,forthenote-taking,averygoodreason.Mindmapshelpustogetanoverviewora,aquickunderstandingaboutasubject.Byusingmindmapstocollectthemainideasfromwhattheteachersays,youcankeepa,averygeneralunderstandingofatopicandunderstandconnectionsquiteeasilyandum,quickly.Whataresomeotherusesofmindmaps?Student4:Preparingforexams?Teacher:OK.Preparingforexams.That'sa,averygoodreason.Wemightcallthis,er,revision.Beforeanexam,afterhavingstudiedformany,manydaysorevenweeks,youmightwanttocapturethe,the,theverygeneralunderstandingaboutthesubject.Arethereanyotherusesthatyoucanthinkofformindmapping?Student5:Wecanalsouseitforfindinganswers.Teacher:Forfindinganswers.That's,that'saverygood,goodanswer.Wecouldcallthisproblem-solving.Wecanusemindmapsto,toseeotherpossiblealternatives,oroptionsto,to,tosolveaproblem.OK.Next,I'dlikeustotalkaboutsomeoftheadvantagesorthebenefitsofusingmindmapsinsteadofjustwritingeverythingonapieceofpaper.Oneofthemostobviousadvantages,asyoucansee,isthatmindmapsareveryvisual.Theygiveusum,almostapicture,a,adifferentperspectiveintermsofapicture,oradiagramofunderstandinginformationorunderstandingconnectedideas,whichisveryhelpfulforpeoplewholiketolearnfromadifferentway.Arethereanyotheradvantagesthatyoucanthinkofformindmapping?Student4:Itliststhemainpoints.Teacher:Theydo.Theydolistthemainpoints.Wecouldcallthisum,aquicksummary.Asyoucansee,wehavemainideasthroughoutourmindmap,notlongtexts.Andinthisway,ithelpsustograspthe,thekeyideasandthekeyconnectionsformindmapsorforourgivensubject.Arethereanyotheradvantagesyoucanthinkof?Student1:Tothinkcreatively.Teacher:Tothinkcreatively.That's,that'saverygoodpoint.Wecouldcallthiscreativethinking.Andwhatwemeanhereisbasicallythinkingoutsideoftheboxorthinkinglaterally.Mindmapsareillogicalandbybeingillogicaltheyencourageustothinkcreatively,youmightsay.Teacher:Next,I'dlikeustothinkaboutaspectsofdesignorconstructingmindmaps.Sofarwehavecompletedthreequartersofourmindmapaboutmindmaps.AndthenI'djustlikeyoutohavealookatthismindmapandtellmewhatsomeofthemostnoticeableorstrikingfeaturesarethatwecantalkabout.Student2:Thereisacentre.Teacher:Thereisacentre.Thereiswhatwecallacentralword,acentralwordoraphrase.Itmightalsobeasentenceoraquestion.Youmighthavethatinthecentreoftheboardandyourrelatedthoughtsspiralingorradiatingout.Whatelsedoyounoticeaboutthedesignofthismindmap?Student1:Thereareonlywords,notsentences.Teacher:Exactly.Therearemanywhatwecallkeywordsastheycapturethemainthoughtof,ofanissueratherthanalongsentenceor,orapassage.Thishelpsustoconcentrateonthemainissuesandfindconnectionsbetweentheseissuesaswell.Whatotheraspectsofdesigndoyounoticehere?Student5:Itlookslikeatree.Teacher:Itdoeslooklikeatreebecauseithasbranches.Byhavingbranches,itshowshow,um,thinkingisradiatingoutorspiralingoutfromkeyideasorcentralideastokeywordstosub-wordsand,andsoforth.Arethereanyotheraspectsofdesignwhichyounoticeinthisparticularmap?Student2:Youusedalotofcolours.Teacher:Idid.Iperhapsusetoomanycolours.Ihaveuseddifferentcolourtoshowthedifferentkeywordsordifferentaspectsofmindmapping.Youmightliketousedifferentcolourstohighlightdifferentsectionsofamindmaporkeyinformation.Oryoumay,youmaychoosetohaveitallinonecolour.It'sverymuchapersonalchoice,dependingonhowyouliketo,tothinkand,andplanyourthinking.Youmightalsoliketouseimagesorpicturesrelatedtosomeofthekeywords.Oryoumightevenusesymbols.We'llputaquestionmarkbecausethisagainisapersonalchoiceandhowyouliketodesignyourmindmaps.Forexample,Imightchoosetouseathoughtbubbleasasymbol,highlightingoridentifyingmycentralphrase,mindmaps.Thiscouldbea,afeatureofmyownmindmaps.WheneverIdesignamindmap,Ihighlightmycentralthoughtusingaspeechbubblesymbol.第四單元Voiceover:It'sthemostpopularmeansofcommunicationinthe21stcentury.Nobodywriteslettersanymore,especiallyyoungpeople.Theyallusetextmessaginginstead.OfficiallycalledSMS–shortmessageservice–textmessagingisslowtoenter,andyoucanonlykeyin160characters.Sowhyisitsuchasuccess?Thefirsttextmessagewassentin1992,buttextingonlybecamecommerciallyavailablein1995.Ithasgrownincrediblyquicklysincethen.Justlookatthegraph.In1999,thenumberoftextssentreachedonebillion.Overthenextthreeyears,itgrewto20billion!Sopeoplehavenowsentbillionsoftexts,andthenumbercontinuestorise.Itisn'tdifficulttoseewhyitquicklybecamepartofyouthculture.Emily:Iuseiteveryday.Idon'tcallalotofpeopleonit.Ijustuseitfortextmessagesbecauseit'seasyandquicktosendthingsandarrangethingsbytext.Heidi:Mainlytofriends.Sometimesit'susefultogetinformationforworkaswell.Youknow,ifpeoplewanttogiveyoucontactnumbersorthingslikethat,it'seasierthanphoning.Andy:I'vehadmymobilephoneforaboutthreeyears.Imostlyuseitforjusttextingmymatesandarrangingsortofsocialmeetingswiththem.Alice:Iliketexting.Idon'treallytalkmuchonitexceptjusttomakearrangementsbuttexting'sthebiggestthingIdo.Male:Iprobablytextmessageaboutten,15timesaday.Alice:Usually,Idon'tknow,aboutten.Tento15.Fifteenmaybeto20.Voiceover:Itisn'tjustyoungpeoplewhousetexting.Companiesuseittoo–foradvertisingandpromotion.Forexample,theOrangetelephonenetworkhasrunatextmessagepromotionalcampaignsinceApril2004.PeopletextaspecialnumberonaWednesdayandreceiveadiscountvoucherbytext.Theyshowthismessagetoanyoneof450cinemasinBritainandgettwoticketsforthepriceofone.WhyWednesday?Wednesdayhasalwaysbeentheworstdayoftheweekforcinemas.Sincethecampaignstarted,cinemaattendancehasrisenonWednesdaysbynearlytenpercent.And,ofcourse,TVusestextmessagevotingtodecidelotsofthings.Textinghasbeenoneofthemostsuccessfulinventionsforyears.第五單元Voiceover:Findingsomeonetoloveisn'teasy.Foryears,singlepeoplehavelookedforprospectivematesinafewtried-and-trueways.Theymetinschooloratwork,throughfriendsorrelatives.Ortheymetbychanceinbars,atweddings,oratparties.Todaythere'sanewwaytofindthatspecialsomeone.Manypeoplehavemetboyfriends,girlfriends,fiancés,husbands,andwivesinawaythatdidn'texistuptoabouttenyearsago.TheInternethascompletelychangedtheworldofdating.Anyonecanlookforamatchonlineatoneofhundredsofdifferentwebsiteslikethese.Consultant:Thereareapproximately150millionsinglesinNorthAmerica,andwhat'sinterestingisthatalotofthemaretryingonlinedating.Speaker1:I'venevertriedInternetdating.Speaker2:IhavefriendswhohavetriedInternetdating,andoneofthemisgettingmarriedtothepersonhedated.Speaker3:IhavenottriedInternetdating,butIhaveafriendwhohas.Speaker4:Ihavenot