2022年考博英語(yǔ)-蘇州大學(xué)考前拔高綜合測(cè)試題含答案帶詳解第150期

2022年考博英語(yǔ)-蘇州大學(xué)考前拔高綜合測(cè)試題（含答案帶詳解）1.單選題

Thisyearwilldifficultforthisorganizationbecause（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavelessmoneyandvolunteersthantheyhadlastyear

B.ithaslessmoneyandfewervolunteersthanithadlastyear

C.thelastyearitdidnothaveasfewvolunteersandmoney

D.therearefewermoneyandvolunteersthaninthelastyeartherewere

【答案】B

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。因?yàn)閘ittle修飾不可數(shù)名詞，few修飾可數(shù)名詞，money為不可數(shù)名詞，volunteer為可數(shù)名詞，選項(xiàng)A、C和D可排除，又因?yàn)榫渥颖硎颈容^所以用比較級(jí)less和fewer表示更少的。句意：今年對(duì)于組織來(lái)說(shuō)會(huì)是困難的一年，因?yàn)橘Y金和志愿者都比去年更少了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

Theascenttothemountainis（）butanyonewhomakesittothetopisrewardedbyaspectacularview.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.helpful

B.assiduous

C.arduous

D.unique

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。helpful“有幫助的”；assiduous“刻苦的，勤勉的”；arduous“努力的，費(fèi)力的”；unique“特別的”。句意：登到山頂是艱苦的，但任何成功登頂?shù)娜硕紩?huì)欣賞到壯觀的景色。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic（官僚主義的）managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,Nell-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human–relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.Theworkerandemployeeageanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionofinterestinglife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalaryhutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyaretestedagainandagain--bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow—competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemformabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfoildevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis（）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（）.

3.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatweshould（）.

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

D.whocoulddipfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.susceptibility

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.”，可知總的來(lái)說(shuō)，我們的社會(huì)正在變成一個(gè)由官僚主義管理下的大型企業(yè)，在這種管理下，人成了機(jī)器上一個(gè)小小的、潤(rùn)滑的機(jī)械化齒輪。可判斷出作者認(rèn)為與社會(huì)其他部分相比，人是一個(gè)不重要的部分。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.”，可知他們從生到死從來(lái)沒(méi)有面對(duì)過(guò)人類作為情感和智力獨(dú)立和有生產(chǎn)力的人存在的基本現(xiàn)實(shí)。可判斷出工人和雇員焦慮的真正原因是他們被剝奪了個(gè)性和獨(dú)立性。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.”，可知社會(huì)地位較高的人也同樣焦慮。他們的生活和他們的下屬一樣空虛?？膳袛嗟匚桓叩娜撕偷匚坏偷娜硕纪瑯咏箲]，選項(xiàng)A和B可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow—competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.”，可知這種不斷地證明自己與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手一樣優(yōu)秀或比對(duì)手更好的需要，造成了不斷的焦慮和壓力，而這些正是不快樂(lè)和疾病的根源。選項(xiàng)C可排除。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystem…intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfoildevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.”，可知作者建議把社會(huì)變成一種以人為本的工業(yè)主義，人與潛能的發(fā)展，即所有的愛(ài)和理性的潛能，是社會(huì)發(fā)展的目標(biāo)。可判斷出作者建議使人能成分發(fā)揮他的潛能。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。文章一開(kāi)始提到了在工業(yè)化社會(huì)中，人們變得渺小，成為這個(gè)社會(huì)大型企業(yè)的一個(gè)機(jī)械齒輪，工人和雇主都變得焦慮。上層人士和底層的工人在工業(yè)化的社會(huì)中都感到焦慮和不安，沒(méi)有任何幸福感可言。可判斷出作者用大量的篇幅闡述了工業(yè)化社會(huì)帶來(lái)的消極影響，所以作者的態(tài)度應(yīng)該是不滿的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Canelectricitycausecancer?Inasocietythatliterallyrunsonelectricpower,theveryideaseemspreposterous.Butformorethanadecade,agrowingbandofscientistsandjournalistshaspointedtostudiesthatseemtolinkexposuretoelectromagneticfieldswithincreasedriskofleukemiaandothermalignancies.Theimplicationsareunsettling,tosaytheleast,sinceeveryonecomesintocontactwithsuchfields,whicharegeneratedbyeverythingelectrical,frompowerlinesandantennastopersonalcomputersandmicro-waveovens.Becauseevidenceonthesubjectisinconclusiveandoftencontradictory,ithasbeenhardtodecidewhetherconcernaboutthehealtheffectsofelectricityislegitimate—ortheworstkindofparanoia.

NowthealarmistshavegainedsomequalifiedsupportfromtheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Intheexecutivesummaryofanewscientificreview,releasedindraftformlatelastweek,theEPAhasputforwardwhatamountstothemostseriousgovernmentwarningtodate.Theagencytentativelyconcludesthatscientificevidence“suggestsacasuallink”betweenextremelylow-frequencyelectromagneticfields—thosehavingverylongwave-lengths—andleukemia,lymphomaandbraincancer.WhilethereportfallsshortofclassifyingELEfieldsasprobablecarcinogens,itdoesidentifythecommon60-hertzmagneticfieldas“apossible,butnotproven,causeofcancerinhumans.”

Thereportisnoreasontopanic—oreventolosesleep.Ifthereisacancerrisk,itisasmallone.TheevidenceisstillsocontroversialthatthedraftstirredagreatdealofdebatewithintheBushAdministration,andtheEPAreleaseditoverstrongobjectionsfromthePentagonandtheWhiteHouse.Butnownoonecandenythattheissuemustbetakenseriouslyandthatmuchmoreresearchisneeded.

Attheheartofthedebateisasimpleandwell-understoodphysicalphenomenon.Whenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughawire,itgeneratesanelectromagneticfieldthatexertsforcesonsurroundingobjects,Formanyyears,scientistsdismissedanysuggestionthatsuchforcesmightbeharmful,primarilybecausetheyaresoextraordinarilyweak.TheELFmagneticfieldgeneratedbyavideoterminalmeasuresonlyafewmilligauss,oraboutone-hundredththestrengthoftheearth’sownmagneticfield.Theelectricfieldssurroundingapowerlinecanbeashighas10kilovoltspermeter,butthecorrespondingfieldinducedinhumancellswillbeonlyabout1millivoltpermeter.Thisisfarlessthantheelectricfieldsthatthecellsthemselvesgenerate.

Howcouldsuchminusculeforcesposeahealthdanger?Theconsensususedtobethattheycouldnot,andfordecadesscientistsconcentratedonmorepowerfulkindsofradiation,likeX-rays,thatpacksufficientwalloptoknockelectronsoutofthemoleculesthatmakeupthehumanbody.Such"ionizing"radiationshavebeenclearlylinkedtoincreasedcancerrisksandthereareregulationstocontrolemissions.

Butepidemiologicalstudies,whichfindstatisticalassociationsbetweensetsofdata,donotprovecauseandeffect.ThoughthereisabodyoflaboratoryworkshowingthatexposuretoELFfieldscanhavebiologicaleffectsonanimaltissues,amechanismbywhichthoseeffectscouldleadtocancerousgrowthshasneverbeenfound.

ThePentagonisforfrompersuaded.Inablistering33critiqueoftheEPAreport,AirForcescientistschargeitsauthorswithhaving"biasedtheentiredocument"towardprovingalink,“Ourreviewersareconvincedthatthereisnosuggestionthat(electromagneticfields)presentintheenvironmentinduceorpromotecancer,”theAirForceconcludes.“ItisastonishingthattheEPAwouldlenditsimprimaturonthisreport.”ThenPentagon’sconcernisunderstandable.Thereishardlyaunitofthemodernmilitarythatdoesnotdependontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipment,fromhugeground-basedradartowerstothedefensesystemsbuiltintoeverywarshipandplane.

1.Themainideaofthispassageis（）.

2.Theview-pointoftheEPAis（）.

3.WhydidthePentagonandWhiteHouseobjecttothereleaseofthereport?

Because（

）

4.Itcanbeinferredfromphysicalphenomenon（）.

5.Whatdoyouthinkordinarycitizensmaydoafterreadingthedifferentarguments?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.studiesonthecauseofcancer

B.controversialview-pointsinthecauseofcancer

C.therelationshipbetweenelectricityandcancer

D.differentideasabouttheeffectofelectricityoncancer

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thereiscasuallinkbetweenelectricityandcancer

B.electricityreallyaffectscancer

C.controversial

D.lowfrequencyelectromagneticfieldisapossiblecauseofcancer

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.itmaystiragreatdealofdebateamongtheBushAdministration.

B.everyunitofthemodernmilitaryhasdependedontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipment.

C.thePentagon’sconcernwasunderstandable.

D.theyhaddifferentarguments.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theforceoftheelectromagneticfieldistooweaktobeharmful.

B.theforceoftheelectromagneticfieldisweakerthantheelectricfieldthatthecellsgenerate.

C.electromagneticfieldmayaffecthealth.

D.onlymorepowerfulradiationcanknockelectronoutofhumanbody.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareindifferent.

B.Theyareworriedverymuch.

C.Theymayexerciseprudentavoidance.

D.Theyareshocked.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨題。文章開(kāi)篇就提出了電磁場(chǎng)是否會(huì)致癌這個(gè)問(wèn)題，并提出有研究結(jié)果表明電磁場(chǎng)會(huì)增加患癌的危險(xiǎn)性。第二段公布了EPA環(huán)保署的報(bào)告，認(rèn)為電磁場(chǎng)與癌癥之間存在偶然聯(lián)系。第三段說(shuō)明電磁場(chǎng)和癌癥之間的關(guān)系問(wèn)題仍然廣受爭(zhēng)議，需要進(jìn)一步的研究和證明。下文提出五角大樓和白宮反對(duì)電磁場(chǎng)致癌的說(shuō)法，因?yàn)槊恳粋€(gè)軍事單位都依賴于電氣設(shè)備的使用。縱觀全文可知文章的主題主要是關(guān)于電磁場(chǎng)對(duì)癌癥的影響的不同觀點(diǎn)的討論。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Theagencytentativelyconcludesthatscientificevidence‘suggestsacasuallink’betweenextremelylow-frequencyelectromagneticfields—thosehavingverylongwave-lengths—andleukemia,lymphomaandbraincancer.”，可知EPA初步得出結(jié)論，科學(xué)證據(jù)表明，低頻電磁場(chǎng)(波長(zhǎng)非常長(zhǎng)的電磁場(chǎng))與白血病、淋巴瘤和腦癌之間存在偶然的聯(lián)系。可判斷出EPA認(rèn)為電磁場(chǎng)和癌癥之間有偶然的聯(lián)系。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句，“Thereishardlyaunitofthemodernmilitarythatdoesnotdependontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipment,fromhugeground-basedradartowerstothedefensesystemsbuiltintoeverywarshipandplane.”，可知從巨大的陸基雷達(dá)到戰(zhàn)艦和每架飛機(jī)內(nèi)置的防御系統(tǒng)，現(xiàn)代軍隊(duì)幾乎每個(gè)單位都會(huì)用到電子設(shè)備，由此可知他們相信電磁場(chǎng)不會(huì)誘發(fā)癌癥。可判斷出五角大樓和白宮反對(duì)公布這份報(bào)告的原因在于現(xiàn)代軍隊(duì)的每一個(gè)單位都依賴于某種電子設(shè)備的大量使用。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Whenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughawire,itgeneratesanelectromagneticfieldthatexertsforcesonsurroundingobjects,Formanyyears,scientistsdismissedanysuggestionthatsuchforcesmightbeharmful,primarilybecausetheyaresoextraordinarilyweak.”，可知當(dāng)電流通過(guò)導(dǎo)線時(shí)，它會(huì)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)電磁場(chǎng)，對(duì)周圍的物體施加壓力。多年來(lái)，科學(xué)家們一直否認(rèn)這種力可能是有害的，主要是因?yàn)樗鼈兎浅Ｎ⑷酢？膳袛喑鰪倪@個(gè)物理現(xiàn)象可知因?yàn)殡姶艌?chǎng)太弱了，所以沒(méi)有害處。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Thereportisnoreasontopanic—oreventolosesleep…Butnownoonecandenythattheissuemustbetakenseriouslyandthatmuchmoreresearchisneeded.”，可知這個(gè)爭(zhēng)論是會(huì)讓人恐慌，但是現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有人能否認(rèn)，這個(gè)問(wèn)題必須認(rèn)真對(duì)待，需要更多的研究。可判斷出人們還是會(huì)保持警惕的態(tài)度，會(huì)有意小心地避開(kāi)電磁場(chǎng)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

Watchababybetweensixandninemonthsold,andyouwill（）thebasicconceptofgeometrybeinglearned.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.make

B.believe

C.understand

D.observe

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Make“制作，使”；believe“相信”；understand“理解，明白”；observe“觀察”。句意：觀察一個(gè)6到9個(gè)月大的嬰兒，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)是如何學(xué)習(xí)幾何學(xué)的基本概念的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.單選題

Governmentstodayplayanincreasinglylargerroleinthe（）ofwelfare,economics,andeducation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.scopes

B.ranges

C.ranks

D.domains

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。scopes“范圍，領(lǐng)域”；ranges“量程，范圍”；ranks“級(jí)別，排列”；domains“領(lǐng)域，域名”。句意：今天，政府在福利、經(jīng)濟(jì)和教育領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮著越來(lái)越重要的作用。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Thereisaconfusednotioninthemindsofmanypersons,thataregatheringofthepropertyofthepoorintothehandsoftherichdoesnoultimateharm,sinceinwhoseverhandsitmaybe,itmustbespentatlast,andthus,theythink,returntothepooragain.Thisfallacyhasbeenagainandagainexposed;butgrantingthepleatrue,thesameapologymay,ofcourse,bemadeforblackmail,oranyotherformofrobbery.Itmightforthenationthattherobbershouldhavethespendingofthemoneyheextorts,asthatthepersonrobbedshouldhavespentit.Butthisisnoexcuseforthetheft.IfIweretoputaturnpikeontheroadwhereitpassesmyowngate,andendeavortoexactashillingfromeverypassengerthepublicwouldsoondoawaywithmygate,withoutlisteningtoanypleasonmypartthatitwasasadvantageoustothem,intheend,thatIshouldspendtheirshillings,asthattheythemselvesshould.Butif,insteadofoutfacingthemwithaturnpike,Icanonlypersuadethemtocomeinandbuystones,oroldiron,oranyotheruselessthing,outofmyground,Imayrobthemtothesameextentand,moreover,bethankedasapublicbenefactorandpromoterofcommercialprosperity.AndthismainquestionforthepoorofEngland-forthepoorofallcountries-iswhollyomittedineverytreatiseonthesubjectofwealth.Evenbythelaborersthemselves,theoperationofcapitalisregardedonlyinitseffectontheirimmediateinterests,neverinthefarmoreterrificpowerofitsappointmentofthekindandtheobjectoflabor.Itmatterslittle,ultimately,howmuchalaborerispaidformakinganything;butismattersfearfullywhatthethingiswhichheiscompelledtomake.Ifhislaborissoorderedastoproducefood,freshair,andfreshwater,nomatterthathiswagesarelow,thefoodandthefreshairandwaterwillbeatlastthere,andhewillatlastgetthem.Butifheispaidtodestroyfoodandfreshair,ortoproduceironbarsinsteadofthem,thefoodandairwillfinallynotbethere,andhewillnotgetthem,tohisgreatandfinalinconvenience.Sothat,conclusively,inpoliticalasinhouseholdeconomy,thegreatquestionis,notsomuchwhatmoneyyouhaveinyourpocket,aswhatyouwillbuywithitanddowithit.

1.Wemayinferthattheauthorprobablylivedinthe（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorprobablyfavors（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredthatinregardtotheaccumulationofwealththeauthor（）.

4.Accordingtotheviewsexpressedinthepassage,peopleshouldbehappiestdoingwhichofthefollowing?

5.Theauthoroftheabovepassagewouldprobablyreacttoanenergyshortageby（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.1960’sintheUnitedStates

B.GoldenAgeofGreece

C.earlydaysofBritishindustrialization

D.EnglandofKingArthur

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.capitalism

B.totalitarianism

C.socialism

D.anarchism

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.equatestherichwiththethief

B.saysthattherobberisabenefactor

C.condonessomedishonestyinbusinessdealings

D.indicatesthattherearefewhonestbusinessmen

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.miningoreforthemanufactureofweapons.

B.cleaningsewagepondsatatreatmentplant.

C.waitingtablesforarichman.

D.helpingapoormandohisjob.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.blamingtherichfortheproblem

B.supportingthesearchformoreoil

C.fomentingrevolutionbythedoor

D.urgingthatenergybeusedmoreefficientlyandeffectively

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章“AndthismainquestionforthepoorofEngland-forthepoorofallcountries-iswhollyomittedineverytreatiseonthesubjectofwealth.”，可知對(duì)于英國(guó)的窮人，對(duì)于所有國(guó)家的窮人，這一問(wèn)題在所有關(guān)于財(cái)富的論述中都被完全忽略了?？赏茢喑鲎髡呱钤谟?guó)。下文討論了勞動(dòng)者的生產(chǎn)問(wèn)題，可推斷出此時(shí)英國(guó)處于工業(yè)化初級(jí)階段。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章“Evenbythelaborersthemselves,theoperationofcapitalisregardedonlyinitseffectontheirimmediateinterests,neverinthefarmoreterrificpowerofitsappointmentofthekindandtheobjectoflabor.Itmatterslittle,ultimately,howmuchalaborerispaidformakinganything;butismattersfearfullywhatthethingiswhichheiscompelledtomake.”，可知資本主義生產(chǎn)帶來(lái)了一系列的問(wèn)題，提出勞動(dòng)者生產(chǎn)任何東西的報(bào)酬多少無(wú)關(guān)緊要，問(wèn)題在于他們被迫生產(chǎn)的東西是什么，并且能夠用自己的財(cái)產(chǎn)干什么?？膳袛喑鲎髡哒J(rèn)為應(yīng)該對(duì)個(gè)人的生產(chǎn)和財(cái)產(chǎn)使用進(jìn)行規(guī)定，可推斷出作者對(duì)社會(huì)主義表示贊成。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章，“IfIweretoputaturnpikeontheroadwhereitpassesmyowngate…outofmyground,Imayrobthemtothesameextentand,moreover,bethankedasapublicbenefactorandpromoterofcommercialprosperity.”，可知作者舉了一個(gè)例子說(shuō)明了關(guān)于財(cái)富積累，作者暗示了誠(chéng)實(shí)的商人其實(shí)很少。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章，“Ifhislaborissoorderedastoproducefood,freshair,andfreshwater,nomatterthathiswagesarelow,thefoodandthefreshairandwaterwillbeatlastthere,andhewillatlastgetthem….Sothat,conclusively,inpoliticalasinhouseholdeconomy,thegreatquestionis,notsomuchwhatmoneyyouhaveinyourpocket,aswhatyouwillbuywithitanddowithit.”，可知對(duì)于勞動(dòng)者來(lái)說(shuō)，最大的問(wèn)題不是有多少錢，而是能用錢買什么和做什么，如果是對(duì)生活有利的事，那人們會(huì)感到快樂(lè)?？赏茢喑銮鍧嵨鬯幚韽S的污水池是人們會(huì)喜歡的，因?yàn)榭梢詭?lái)好的環(huán)境，對(duì)生活有利。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.推斷題。整篇文章主要提到了財(cái)富集中在富人手中會(huì)對(duì)帶來(lái)許多問(wèn)題，如果財(cái)富完全由富人來(lái)支配，那么會(huì)對(duì)生產(chǎn)和使用方式帶來(lái)危害。可推斷出作者會(huì)把資源短缺的問(wèn)題歸咎于富人。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.單選題

Thecaseforcollegehasbeenacceptedwithoutquestionformorethanageneration.Allhighschoolgraduatesoughttogosaysconventionalwisdomandstatisticalevidencebecausecollegewillhelpthemearnmoremoneybecome“better”people,andlearntobemoreresponsiblecitizensthanthosewhodon’tgo.

Butcollegehasneverbeenabletoworkitsmagicforeveryone.Andnowthatclosetohalfourhighschoolgraduatesareattendingthosewhodon’tfitthepatternarebecomingmorenumerous,andmoreobvious.Collegegraduatesaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxis;collegestudentsinterferewitheachother’sexperimentsandwritefalselettersofrecommendationintheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool.Othersfindnostimulationintheirstudiesanddropout-oftenencouragedbycollegeadministrators.

Someobserverssaythefaultiswiththeyoungpeoplethemselves—theyarespoiledandtheyareexpectingtoomuch.Butthat’sacondemnationofthestudentsasawhole,anddoesn’texplainallcampusunhappiness.Othersblamethestateoftheworld,andtheyarepartlyright.We’vebeentoldthatyoungpeoplehavetogotocollegebecauseoureconomycan’tabsorbanarmyofuntrainedeighteen-year-olds.Butdisappointedgraduatesarelearningthatitcannolongerabsorbanarmyoftrainedtwenty-two-year-olds,either.

Someadventuresomeeducatorsandcampuswatchershaveopenlybeguntosuggestthatcollegemaynotbethebest,theproper,theonlyplaceforeveryyoungpersonafterthecompletionofhighschool.Wemayhavebeenlookingatallthosesurveysandstatisticsupsidedown,itseems,andthroughtherosyglowofourownrememberedcollegeexperiences.Perhapscollegedoesn’tmakepeopleintelligent,ambitious,happy,liberal,orquicktolearnthings—maybeit’sjusttheotherwayaround,andintelligent,ambitious,happy,liberal,quick-leaningpeoplearemerelytheoneswhohavebeenattractedtocollegeinthefirstplace.Andperhapsallthosesuccessfulcollegegraduateswouldhavebeensuccessfulwhethertheyhadgonetocollegeornot.Thisisheresytothoseofuswhohavebeenbroughtuptobelievethatifalittleschoolingisgood,morehastobemuchbetter.Butcontraryevidenceisbeginningtomountup.

1.Accordingtotheauthor（）.

2.Inthe2ndparagraph,“thosewhodon’tfitthepattern”refersto（）.

3.Thedrop-outrateofcollegestudentsseemstogoupbecause（）.

4.Accordingtothepassagetheproblemsofcollegeeducationpartlyarisefromthefactthat（）.

5.Inthispassagetheauthorarguesthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.peopleusedtoquestionthevalueofcollegeeducation

B.peopleusedtohavefullconfidenceinhighereducation

C.allhighschoolgraduateschosetogotocollege

D.veryfewhighschoolgraduateschosetogotocollege

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.highschoolgraduateswhoaren’tsuitableforcollegeeducation

B.collegegraduateswhoaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxis

C.collegestudentswhoaren’tanybetterfortheirhighereducation

D.highschoolgraduateswhofailedtobeadmittedtocollege

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.youngpeoplearedisappointedwiththeconventionalwayofteachingatcollege

B.manyyoungpeoplearerequiredtojointhearmy

C.youngpeoplehavelittlemotivationinpursuingahighereducation

D.youngpeopledon’tliketheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.societycannotprovideenoughjobsforproperlytrainedcollegegraduates

B.highschoolgraduatesdonotfitthepatternofcollegeeducation

C.toomanystudentshavetoearntheirownliving

D.collegeadministratorsencouragestudentstodropout

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.moreandmoreevidenceshowscollegeeducationmaynotbethebestthingforhighschoolgraduates

B.collegeeducationisnotenoughifonewantstobesuccessful

C.collegeeducationbenefitsonlytheintelligent,ambitious,andquick-learningpeople

D.intelligentpeoplemaylearnquickeriftheydon’tgotocollege

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一句，“Thecaseforcollegehasbeenacceptedwithoutquestionformorethanageneration.”，可知大學(xué)已經(jīng)被超過(guò)一代的人們毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的接受了?？膳袛喑鋈藗冞^(guò)去總是對(duì)高等教育充滿信心。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.語(yǔ)義理解題。根據(jù)文章第一句，“Andnowthatclosetohalfourhighschoolgraduatesareattendingthosewhodon’tfitthepatternarebecomingmorenumerous,andmoreobvious.”，可知近一半的高中畢業(yè)生就讀于那些不符合這種模式的學(xué)校，人數(shù)越來(lái)越多，現(xiàn)象也越來(lái)越明顯。下文緊接著用例子說(shuō)明了這種現(xiàn)象。可判斷出thosewhodon’tfitthepattern是指那些沒(méi)有因?yàn)楦叩冉逃兊酶玫拇髮W(xué)生們。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句，“Othersfindnostimulationintheirstudiesanddropout-oftenencouragedbycollegeadministrators.”，可知另一些人在學(xué)習(xí)中找不到激勵(lì)和鼓舞而輟學(xué)——通常是受到大學(xué)管理者的鼓勵(lì)?？膳袛喑龃髮W(xué)生的輟學(xué)率似乎在上升的原因在于年輕人很少有追求高等教育的動(dòng)力。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“We’vebeentoldthatyoungpeoplehavetogotocollegebecauseoureconomycan’tabsorbanarmyofuntrainedeighteen-year-olds.Butdisappointedgraduatesarelearningthatitcannolongerabsorbanarmyoftrainedtwenty-two-year-olds,either.”，可知我們被告知年輕人必須上大學(xué)，因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)不會(huì)給一個(gè)18歲的未受過(guò)訓(xùn)練的人工作機(jī)會(huì)。但是令人沮喪的事實(shí)是，畢業(yè)生了解到社會(huì)也無(wú)法給受過(guò)大學(xué)教育的22歲的畢業(yè)生適合的工作機(jī)會(huì)?？膳袛喑龃髮W(xué)教育的問(wèn)題部分來(lái)自于社會(huì)無(wú)法為受過(guò)良好訓(xùn)練的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生提供足夠的工作機(jī)會(huì)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Thisisheresytothoseofuswhohavebeenbroughtuptobelievethatifalittleschoolingisgood,morehastobemuchbetter.Butcontraryevidenceisbeginningtomountup.”，可知我們從小就被教育說(shuō)接受一點(diǎn)教育是好的，接受的教育越多越好，這是有爭(zhēng)議的。相反的證據(jù)也開(kāi)始增多?？膳袛喑鲎髡哒J(rèn)為對(duì)于高中畢業(yè)的年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)，大學(xué)并非最好的、唯一的去處。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

Everyeffortshouldcontributetothehealthydevelopmentofourcompany,buthowdidtheyreachsuchadecisionthatmaybe（）tothecompany’sfuture?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.irrelevant

B.detrimental

C.casual

D.preceding

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Irrelevant“不相干的”；detrimental“有害的”；casual“隨意的，偶然的”；preceding“先前的”。句意：每一項(xiàng)努力都應(yīng)該為公司的健康發(fā)展做出貢獻(xiàn)，但是他們是如何做出這樣一個(gè)可能對(duì)公司未來(lái)不利的決定的呢?選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.翻譯題

“Time”saystheproverb“ismoney”.Thismeansthateverymomentwell-spentmayputsomemoneyintoourpockets.

Ifourtimeisusefullyemployed,itwilleitherturnoutsomeusefulandimportantpieceofworkwhichwillfetchitspriceinthemarket,oritwilladdtoourexperienceandincreaseourcapacitiessoastoenableustoearnmoneywhentheproperopportunitycomes.Therecanthusbenodoubtthattimeisconvertibleintomoney.Letthosewhothinknothingofwastingtime,rememberthis;letthemrememberthatanhourmisspentisequivalenttothelossofabank-note;andthatanhourutilizedistantamounttosomuchsilverorgold;andthentheywillprobablythinktwicebeforetheygivetheirconsenttothelossofanypartoftheirtime.

Adviceto“sleeponit”couldbewellfounded,scientistssay.

Afteragoodnight’ssleepaproblemthatseemedinsurmountablethenightbeforecanoftenappearmoremanageable,althoughtheevidenceuntilnowhasbeenanecdotal.ButresearchersattheUniversityofLuebekinGermanyhavedesignedanexperimentthatshowsagoodnight’ssleepcanimproveinsightandproblem-solving.“Ifyouhavesomenewlyacquiredmemoriesinyourbrainsleepactsonthesememories,restructuresthem,sothataftersleepinsightintoaproblemwhichyoucouldnotsolvebeforeincreases.”SaidDr.JanBorn,aneuroscientist,attheuniversity.

HecreatedMickeyMouseandproducedthefirstfull-lengthanimatedmovie.Heinventedthethemeparkandoriginatedthemodemmultimediacorporation.Forbetterorworse,hisinnovationshaveshapedourworldandthewayweexperienceit.ButthemostsignificantthingWaltDisneymadewasagoodnameforhimself.

Itwas,ofcourse,longagoconvertedintoabrandname,constantlyfussedover,ferociouslydefended,firstbyDisney,latterlybyhiscorporateheirsandassigns.Servingasabeaconforparentsseekingclean,decententertainmentfortheirchildren,theDisneylogo-astylizedversionofthefounder’ssignature—moregenerallypromisesusthatanythingappearingbeneathiswillnotveertoofarfromthesafe,soundandaboveallcheerfulAmericanmainstream,whichitdefinesasmuchasserves.

Nowthedreadfulwinterwascomeuponthem.

Intheforest,allsummerlong,thebranchesofthetreesdobattleforlight,andsomeofthemloseanddie;andthencometheragingblasts,andthestormsofsnowandhail,andstrewthegroundwiththesewea