2015高考試題-英語(江蘇卷)解析版

絕密★啟用前

2015年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（江蘇卷）

英語

第二部分：英語知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）

第一節(jié)：單項(xiàng)填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

請閱讀下面各題，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡

上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

例：Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.

A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever

答案是Bo

21.Thenumberofsmokers,isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.

A.itB.whichC.whatD.as

【答案】D

【解析】

試題分析：句意：據(jù)報道，吸煙者人數(shù)僅（過去）一年就減少了1戶。.W弓I導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句位置靈

活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末，指代的是整個一句話.故選。項(xiàng).

考點(diǎn)：定語從句

22.Schoolsshouldbelivelyplaceswhereindividualsareencouragedtototheirgreatest

potential.

A.accelerateB.improveC.performD.develop

【答案】D

【解析】

試題分析：句意：學(xué)校應(yīng)該是鼓勵個體最大限度地發(fā)展?jié)撃艿牡胤?。A項(xiàng)“加速，加快”；

B項(xiàng)“改善，提高”；C項(xiàng)“表現(xiàn)”；D項(xiàng)“發(fā)展”。故選D項(xiàng)。

考點(diǎn)：動詞詞義辨析

23.一Jim,canyouworkthisSunday?

—?I'vebeenworkingfortwoweeksonend.

A.WhymeB.WhynotC.WhatifD.Sowhat

【答案】A

【解析】

試題分析：句意：一Jim,周末你能加班嗎？一為什么是我？我連續(xù)工作兩周了。A項(xiàng)“為

什么是我？”；B項(xiàng)“為什么不呢？”；C項(xiàng)“要是……會怎樣？”；D項(xiàng)“那又怎么樣?二只

有A項(xiàng)符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。

考點(diǎn)：交際用語

24.Muchtimesittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.

A.beingspentB.havingspentC.spentD.spending

【答案】C

【解析】

試題分析：句意：上班族們坐在辦工座前太久，一般會受到健康問題的困擾”析句子結(jié)均可知，公詞的

邏輯主語和后面主句的主語不一致，應(yīng)用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu).分詞主語和分詞動作之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動實(shí)￥系，

且動作已完成，故用過去分詞.故選C項(xiàng).

考點(diǎn)：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

25.LiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,butsomewon'tacceptit.

A.ThatB.WhyC.WhereD.How

【答案】C

【解析】

試題分析：句意：李白是中國一位偉大的詩人，他的出生地是眾所周知的，但有些人不愿接

受這一事實(shí)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，agreatChinesepoet做LiBai的同位語，is前面是主語從

句。比較選項(xiàng)只有where符合句意，where在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語。故選C項(xiàng)。

考點(diǎn)：名詞性從句

26.Itissocoldthatyoucan'tgooutsidefullycoveredinthickclothes.

A.ifB.unlessC.onceD.when

【答案】B

【解析】

試題分析：句意：外面太冷了，你不要出去，除非用厚衣服完全裹起來。A項(xiàng)“如果”；B

項(xiàng)"除非"；C項(xiàng)"一旦"；D項(xiàng)"當(dāng)時候"。"unlessfullycovered"為''連詞+省略結(jié)構(gòu)”,

補(bǔ)充完整為"unlessyouare”。故選B項(xiàng)。

考點(diǎn)：連詞辨析

27.Theuniversitystartedsomenewlanguageprogramstothecountry'sSilkRoad

EconomicBelt.

A.applytoB.caterforC.appealtoD.huntfbr

【答案】B

【解析】

試題分析：句意：這所大學(xué)啟動了一些新的語言項(xiàng)目，為國家絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶提供服務(wù)..'項(xiàng)“向..申

請，適用于.3項(xiàng)“迎合，滿足..的需要，為.提供服務(wù)‘1C項(xiàng)”對..有吸引力，呼吁”D

項(xiàng)“獵取，尋找故選3項(xiàng).

考點(diǎn)：動詞短語辨析

28.Itmighthavesavedmesometroubletheschedule.

A.didIknowB.haveIknownC.doIknowD.hadIknown

【答案】D

【解析】

試題分析：句意：如果我早知道日程安排，可能會省去我一些麻煩。根據(jù)題干中mighthave

saved可知主句是對過去的虛擬，從句應(yīng)用ifIhadknown與主句保持一致。if虛擬條件句中

含有had時，可將if省去，同時將had提前構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D項(xiàng)。

考點(diǎn)：虛擬語氣

29.ThewholeteamCristianoRonaldo,andheseldomletsthemdown.

A.waitonB.focusonC.countonD.callon

【答案】C

【解析】

試題分析：句意：全隊(duì)都指望克里斯蒂亞諾?羅納爾多，他從未讓他們失望。A項(xiàng)“服侍，

等待”；B項(xiàng)“集中（注意力）手”：C項(xiàng)“指望”；D項(xiàng)“呼吁，拜訪”。故選C項(xiàng)。

考點(diǎn)：動詞短語辨析

3O.Therealreasonwhyprices,andstillare,toohighiscomplex,andnoshortdiscussion

cansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.

A.wereB.willbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen

【答案】A

【解析】

試題分析：句意：過去和現(xiàn)在價格一直居高不下的真正原因很復(fù)雜，簡短的討論解釋這一問

題無法讓人滿意。根據(jù)題干中“andstillare”的提示可知過去價格也居高不下，故用一般過

去時，表示過去的狀態(tài)。故選A項(xiàng)。

考點(diǎn)：時態(tài)

31.Thepoliceofficersdecidedtoconductathoroughandreviewofthecase.

A.comprehensiveB.complicatedC.consciousD.crucial

【答案】A

【解析】

試題分析：句意：警官決定對這起案件進(jìn)行一次徹底全面的審查。A項(xiàng)“綜合的，全面的，

有理解力的”；B項(xiàng)“復(fù)雜的”；C項(xiàng)“有意識的”；D項(xiàng)“至關(guān)重要的"。故選A項(xiàng)。

考點(diǎn)：形容詞詞義辨析

32.Someschoolswillhavetomakeinagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.

A.judgmentsB.adjustmentsC.commentsD.achievements

【答案】B

【解析】

試題分析：句意：為了與國家的足球改革相適應(yīng)，?些學(xué)校必須做出調(diào)整。A項(xiàng)“判斷，決

斷”;B項(xiàng)“調(diào)整”；C項(xiàng)“評價,評論“；D項(xiàng)'‘成就故選B項(xiàng)。

考點(diǎn)：名詞詞義辨析

33.—Whydidn'tyouinviteJohntoyourbirthdayparty?

—Well,youknowhe's.

A.anearlybirdB.awetblanketC.aluckydogD.atoughnut

【答案】B

【解析】

試題分析：句意：一為什么你沒有期請約翰出席你的生日聚會？一你知道的，仃是個令人掃興的人.為項(xiàng)

“早起的鳥兒（比喻勤勞的人）3項(xiàng)“掃興的人或物‘1C項(xiàng)“幸運(yùn)兒D項(xiàng)“棘手的事情，難時付的人

故選B項(xiàng).

考點(diǎn)：英語俗語

34.ManyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearoundThomasEdison.

A.thankstoB.regardlessofC.asidefromD.butfbr

【答案】D

【解析】

試題分析：句意：要不是愛迪生的發(fā)明，今天我們身邊享用的很多東西都將不復(fù)存汗項(xiàng)“多虧，具有

-v

很強(qiáng)的迷惑性，如將題干改成"ThomasZd:son:noww*canbenefitftPi.man5ofthtningsarodd

us”則選A項(xiàng)；3項(xiàng)“不管，不顧”；C項(xiàng)"除了'1。項(xiàng)“要不是”，常用于隱藏式（含蓄式）虛擬條件句.

故選D項(xiàng)

考點(diǎn)：介詞短語辨析

35.—GoandsaysorrytoyourMom,Dave.

-I'dliketo,butI'mafraidshewon'tbehappywithmy.

A.requestsB.excusesC.apologiesD.regrets

【答案】C

【解析】

試題分析：句意：一Dave,去跟你的媽媽道歉。一我想這樣做，但是我擔(dān)心她對我的道歉

不滿意。A項(xiàng)''請求”；B項(xiàng)“借口”；C項(xiàng)“道歉”；D項(xiàng)“遺憾，后悔”。故選C項(xiàng)。

考點(diǎn)：名詞詞義辨析

第二節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）

請閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答

題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

IwasrequiredtoreadoneofBernieSiegeFsbooksincollegeandwashookedonhis

positivityfromthatmomenton.Thestoriesofhisunconventional36andtheexceptional

patientshewroteaboutwereso37tomeandhadsuchabig38onhowIsawlifefromthenon.

WhoknewthatsomanyyearslaterIwouldlooktoDr.BernieandhisCDsagainto39myown

cancerexperience?

I'manambitious她andwhenIstartedgoingthroughchemo（化療），eventhoughI'ma

very41person,Ilostmydrivetowrite.Iwasjusttootiredandnotinthe42.Oneday,while

waitingtogoinfbr43,IhadoneofDr.Bernie'sbooksinmyhand.Anotherpatient44whatI

wasreadingandstruckupaconversationwithme45hehadoneofhisbookswithhimaswell.

It46thatamongotherthings,hewasaneighty-year-oldwriter.Hewas47apublishedauthor,

andhewascurrently48onanewbook.

Wewouldseeeachotheratvarioustimesand49friends.Sometimesheworeaduckhat,

andIwouldtellmyself,hewasdefinitelya(n)50ofDr.Bernie.Hereallyputa51onmyface.He

unfortunately52lastyearduetohiscancer,53heleftadeepimpressiononmeandgavemethe

54topickupmypenagain.I55tomyself“Ifhecandoit,thensocanI.”

36.A.tastesB.ideasC.notesD.memories

37.A.amazingB.shockingC.amusingD.strange

38.A.strikeB.pushC.challengeD.impact

39.A.learnfromB.gooverC.getthroughD.referto

40.A.readerB.writerC.editorD.doctor

41.A.positiveB.agreeableC.humorousD.honest

42.A.moodB.positionC.stateD.way

43.A.adviceB.referenceC.protectionD.treatment

44.A.viewedB.knewC.noticedD.wondered

45.A.whileB.becauseC.althoughD.providing

46.A.cameoutB.workedoutC.provedoutD.turnedout

47.A.naturallyB.merelyC.hopefullyD.actually

48.A.decidingB.investingC.workingD.relying

49.A.becameB.helpedC.missedD.visited

50.A.patientB.operatorC.fanD.publisher

51.A.signB.smileC.markD.mask

52.A.showedupB.setoffC.felldownD.passedaway

53.A.sinceB.butC.soD.fbr

54.A.guidanceB.trustC.opportunityD.inspiration

55.A.promisedB.sworeC.thoughtD.replied

【答案】

36.B

37.A

38.D

39.C

40.B

41.A

42.A

43.D

44.C

45.B

46.D

47.D

48.C

49.A

50.C

51.B

52.D

53.B

54.D

55.C

【解析】

試題分析，本文是一篇記敘文,作者讀了於覺:的書，深受書中積極人生觀的影響.之后作者不幸身

患癌癥，病痛的折磨使他放棄了寫作，但在治療期間結(jié)識一位同樣受到3erme影響，年邁卻仍堅持寫作的

病友.在病友死后，作者又重新拾起紙筆.

36.3考查名詞,根據(jù)首段首句可知，作者讀了3ern:eSiege：的書，深受書中積極人生刖的影響，此處

unconvenbona：:出能意為“非傳統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)點(diǎn)”與上句中“積極的人生觀”呼應(yīng).A項(xiàng)口味：；3項(xiàng)現(xiàn)點(diǎn):C

項(xiàng)筆記，D項(xiàng)記憶，故選3項(xiàng).

3NA考查形容詞.根據(jù)上文中^unconventional（非傳統(tǒng)的）”和unexcept:or.x.（例外的）"遑示可知，

他書中所寫的東西勸我來說十分驚異.A項(xiàng)令人驚異的。3項(xiàng)令人虛驚的。C項(xiàng)7屣即,D項(xiàng)??奇飪町。

故選4項(xiàng).

3c考查名詞.hayan:mpah皿為固定搭配，意為“對..有影響”.A項(xiàng)打擊。3項(xiàng)推，逼迫，C項(xiàng)挑

戰(zhàn)。1項(xiàng)?影響、故選3項(xiàng)。

39.C考查動詞短語。根據(jù)下文可知，作者不幸身患癌癥，病痛的折磨使他放棄了寫作。但

病友的執(zhí)著和BernieSiegel積極的人生觀讓自己又重新拾起紙筆，渡過了這段艱難時期。A

項(xiàng)”從……中獲取經(jīng)驗(yàn)，汲取教訓(xùn)”；B項(xiàng)“復(fù)習(xí)，仔細(xì)檢查”；C項(xiàng)“渡過難關(guān)”；D項(xiàng)“提到，

涉及，參考故選C項(xiàng)。

40.B考查名詞。根據(jù)下文中“…，Ilostmydrivetowrite”可知，作者是一名抱負(fù)的作家。A

項(xiàng)“讀者”；B項(xiàng)“作家”；C項(xiàng)“編輯”；D項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生”。故選B項(xiàng)。

41.A考查形容詞。句意：盡管我是一個積極的人，還是失去了寫作的動力。apositiveperson

與lostmydrivetowrite構(gòu)成讓步關(guān)系，且與上文positivity呼應(yīng)。A項(xiàng)“積極的”；B項(xiàng)”稱

心如意的”；C項(xiàng)“幽默的”；D項(xiàng)“誠實(shí)的”。故選A項(xiàng)。

42.A考查名詞。句意：我就是感覺太累，沒有心情去寫。inthemood意為“沒有心情去做

事”。A項(xiàng)“心情”；B項(xiàng)“位置，職位”；C項(xiàng)“狀態(tài)”；D項(xiàng)“方式”。故選A項(xiàng)。

43.D考查名詞。句意：一天，當(dāng)我在等待治療時，手里拿著Bernie的一本書。A項(xiàng)“建議”;

B項(xiàng)“提及，參考”；C項(xiàng)“保護(hù)”；D項(xiàng)“治療”。故選D項(xiàng)。

44.C考查動詞。句意：另外一個病人注意到我在讀些什么，主動跟我攀談起來。A項(xiàng)“認(rèn)

為"；B項(xiàng)“知道，了解”；C項(xiàng)“（無意中）注意到"；D項(xiàng)“想知道”。故選C項(xiàng)。

45.B考查連詞。句意：該空后是他主動和我攀談的原因：他身上也有一本Bernie的書。A

項(xiàng)表示時間或輕微轉(zhuǎn)折；B項(xiàng)表示原因；C項(xiàng)表示讓步；D項(xiàng)表示條件。故選B項(xiàng)。

46.D考查動詞短語。除此之外，他是一位八十歲的作家。A項(xiàng)“出現(xiàn)，出版”；B項(xiàng)“鍛煉，

解決，制定”；C項(xiàng)“證明是合適的，令人滿意的”；D項(xiàng)“證明是，結(jié)果是“。itturnedoutthat

是固定搭配，意為“結(jié)果是結(jié)果證明……”故選D項(xiàng)。

47.D考查副詞。句意：事實(shí)上，他是一位撰稿人，目前在寫一本新書。A項(xiàng)“自然地”；B

項(xiàng)“僅僅”；C項(xiàng)“有希望地”；D項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上”。故選D項(xiàng)。

48.C考查動詞搭配。根據(jù)句意可知，他目前在寫一本新書。A項(xiàng)decideon”決定，確定“；

B項(xiàng)investon"投資，花時間在……上”；C項(xiàng)workon"從事，忙于"；D項(xiàng)relyon“依賴，依

靠”。故選C項(xiàng)。

49.A考查動詞。句意：我們總是在許多時候見到對方，成了朋友。A項(xiàng)“成為”；B項(xiàng)“幫助”;

C項(xiàng)“錯過”；D項(xiàng)“拜訪”。故選A項(xiàng)。

50.C考查名詞。根據(jù)句意可知，他的確是Bernie的粉絲。A項(xiàng)“病人”；B項(xiàng)“操作員，接

線員”；C項(xiàng)“粉絲”；D項(xiàng)“出版商”。故選C項(xiàng)。

5LB考查名詞。根據(jù)句意可知，他的舉動感染了我，使我在生活中面帶微笑。A項(xiàng)“標(biāo)志，

跡象，征兆”；B項(xiàng)“微笑”；C項(xiàng)“標(biāo)記”；D項(xiàng)“面罩”。故選B項(xiàng)。

52.D考查動詞短語。句意：他補(bǔ)充說道Jason因?yàn)椴辉刚f謊沒掙到錢。A項(xiàng)“出現(xiàn)，露面”;

B項(xiàng)“出發(fā)，動身”；C項(xiàng)“跌倒”；D項(xiàng)“去世（死的委婉表達(dá)）九故選D項(xiàng)。

53.B考查連詞。句意：他去年不幸死于癌癥，但給我留下了深刻的印象。A項(xiàng)表示時間；B

項(xiàng)表示轉(zhuǎn)折：C項(xiàng)表示結(jié)果：D項(xiàng)表示原因。故選B項(xiàng)。

54.D考查名詞。句意：他激勵我重新拾起紙筆。A項(xiàng)“指導(dǎo)”；B項(xiàng)“信任”；C項(xiàng)“機(jī)會”；D

項(xiàng)“鼓舞，激勵，啟發(fā)故選D項(xiàng)。

55.C考查名詞。句意：我對自己說：“如果他能做到，我也能。"A項(xiàng)“承諾”；B項(xiàng)“鄭重

發(fā)誓“；C項(xiàng)thinktooneself”自言自語”;D項(xiàng)"回答故選C項(xiàng)。

考點(diǎn)：記敘文閱讀

第三部分：閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）

請閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題

卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

VisitorCode

?ArrivewithnothingthatcanharmNewZealand

Ifyouarearrivingfromoverseas,bringnofood,animalorplant

materialintothecountry.IfindoubtdeclareittoCustoms.

?Protectplantsandanimals

Neverallowdogsorotherpetstorunfreelyinareasof

nestingbirds,otherwildlife,orwheresignposted.

?Getridofrubbish

Alwaysgetridofyourrubbishproperlyandrecyclewaste

(e.g.,glass,paper)wherepossible.

?Beconsideratewithotherwaste

Ifusingaportabletoiletalwaysthrowawayyourtoiletwaste

ataproperwastestation.Inthebackcountry,buryyourtoilet

wasteinashallowholeawayfromwaterways.

?KeepNewZealand'swaterclean

Becausesoapsandotherwastescanharmwaterways,becareful

yourwashingwaterdoesn'tpollutethesea.lakesandrivers.

?Takecarewithfire

Alwaysobservedistrictfirebans.Becarefulifyousmokeorhavean

outdoorfireorbarbecue-makesureashesarecoldbeforeleaving.

?Camporpicniccarefully

Whencampingorpicnicking,usefacilitiesprovided.

?Keeptothetrack

Keeptothetrack,whereoneexists,soyoulessenthe

chanceofdamagingfragileplants.

?Beconsiderate

Whendriving,minimizenoiseandobservenosmokingsigns.

56.AccordingtotheCode,visitorsshouldact

A.withcareandrespectB.withreliefandpleasure

C.withcautionandcalmnessD.withattentionandobservation

57.WhatareyouencouragedtodowhentravellinginNewZealand?

A.Takeyourowncampingfacilities.

B.Buryglassfarawayfromrivers.

C.Followthetrackforthesakeofplants.

D.Observesignstoapproachnestingbirds.

【答案】

56.A

57.C

【解析】

試題分析：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文（旅游指南）.介紹了去新西蘭旅游中要保護(hù)動物，處理好燈圾，注意筆標(biāo)

等注意事項(xiàng).

S6.A推理判斷題?？v觀全文可知，本文介紹了去新西蘭旅游中的注意事項(xiàng)，屈據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞'二二皿王"ras

bsarefu：,taksar」等可推知游客的行為應(yīng)體現(xiàn)出關(guān)愛和尊重。故選A項(xiàng)。

”（細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“KspBthetrawk”下內(nèi)容可知，可知在新西十豕游時，為了減少破垃治物

的可能，鼓勵游客順著路走。露營設(shè)施是提供好的，排除A項(xiàng)；3愉換主體，埋藏的是⑦己常本島而非

glass；D項(xiàng)偷換概念，observenosmofcngsigns,而非observesignstoapproachnestingbirds.故選C項(xiàng)。

考點(diǎn)：應(yīng)用文閱讀

B

IntheUnitedStatesalone,over100millioncell-phonesarethrownawayeachyear.

Cell-phonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikecomputersandpersonal

digitalassistants.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditional

garbageasawhole.

Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.ASwissstudyreported

thatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallin

comparisontototalwaste,theconcentration（含量）ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigher

inSo-callede-wastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals.

Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.Evenwhenthemachinesarerecycled

andtheharmfulmetalsremoved,therecyclingprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries,in

practicallyuncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintothe

environment.

Creatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorewastematerial,upto100times

more,thanthematerialcontainedinthefinishedproducts.Consideragainthecell-phone,and

imaginetheminesthatproducedthosemetals,thefactoriesneededtomaketheboxand

packaging（包裝）itcamein.Manywastesproducedintheproducingprocessarehannfulaswell.

TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencynotesthatmostwasteisdangerousinthat“the

production,distribution,anduseofproducts-aswellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste-

allresultingreenhousegasrelease."Individualscanreducetheircontributionbycreatingless

wasteatthestart—forinstance,buyingreusableproductsandrecycling.

Inmanycountriestheconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityisbeingconsideredorhas

beenputinplaceasanincentive（動機(jī)）forreducingwaste.Ifproducersarerequiredtotakeback

packagingtheyusetoselltheirproducts,wouldtheyreducethepackaginginthefirstplace?

Governments9incentivetorequireproducerstotakeresponsibilityforthepackagingthey

produceisusuallybasedonmoney.Why,theyask,shouldcitiesortownsberesponsiblefor

payingtodealwiththebubblewrap（氣泡墊）thatencasedyourtelevision?

Fromthegovemments,pointofview,aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducer

responsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagement

fromthegovernmentandtax-payersbacktotheproducers.

58.BymentioningtheSwissstudy,theauthorintendstotellusthat.

A.theweightofe-goodsisrathersmall

B.E-wastedeservestobemadegooduseof

C.naturalmineralscontainmorepreciousmetals

D.thepercentageofpreciousmetalsisheavyine-waste

59.Theresponsibilityofe-wastetreatmentshouldbeextended.

A.fromproducerstogovernments

B.fromgovernmentstoproducers

C.fromindividualstodistributors

D.fromdistributorstogovernments

60.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Theincreaseine-waste.

B.Thecreationofe-waste.

C.Theseriousnessofe-waste.

D.Themanagementofe-waste.

【答案】

58.B

59.B

60.D

【解析】

試題分析：本文是一篇科普說明文.文章主要介紹了電子垃圾的產(chǎn)生、危害以及相關(guān)解決措施.學(xué)科網(wǎng)

ES.3推理判斷題.文章第一段告訴我們，每年有大量康棄電子產(chǎn)品被隨意丟棄.緊接著第二段首句指出：

電子設(shè)備中含有有用的金屬，如金和銀，并用Swssstu*佐證這一觀點(diǎn)，因此可以推知電子垃圾佇得充分

利用.故選3項(xiàng).

59.3細(xì)節(jié)理解題.文章第六、七、八三段圍繞“生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任延伸”展開的，最后一段做了總結(jié)，?浪據(jù)"a廣5ary

goaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibility-:stotransferboththecostsandthephysicalrespcr\l:ty

ofwasten;aiiagementiron;tliegovermnentandtax-payersbacktotheproducers?可知B項(xiàng)正確、是對該句的

同義壓縮。故選3項(xiàng).

鼠LD主旨大意題?？v觀全文，文章先描述了廢棄電子產(chǎn)品被隨意丟棄這一現(xiàn)烹，接著指出電子垃圾的可以

用價值和潛在風(fēng)險，主要是由于對廢棄電子產(chǎn)品的管理不善造成的，最后呼吁政底和生產(chǎn)商與此承擔(dān)一定

的責(zé)任.故選D項(xiàng)。

考點(diǎn)：科普說明文閱讀

C

Supposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization.It'sverylikelythatyou'llwanttohave

volunteerstohelpwiththeorganization'sactivities.Todoso,itshouldhelptounderstandwhy

peopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework.

Lefsbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer.Researchershaveidentifiedseveral

factorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved.Forexample,peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonal

valuesrelatedtounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocial

relationships.Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds,peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate.

Toselectvolunteers,youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishto

attract.

Peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso.Toincreaselevelsofcommunity

service,someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms.Unfortunately,these

programscanshiftpeople'swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactor(e.g.,“Ivolunteer

becauseifsimportanttome")toanexternalfactor(e.g.,“IvolunteerbecauseI'mrequiredtodo

so"）.Whenthathappens,peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture.Peoplemustbe

sensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust.

Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer,whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime?To

answerthisquestion,researchershaveconductedfbllow-upstudiesinwhichtheytrackvolunteers

overtime.Forinstance,onestudyfollowed238volunteersinFloridaoverayear.Oneofthemost

importantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionasvolunteerswastheamountofsufferingthey

experiencedintheirvolunteerpositions.Althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyou,itleadsto

importantpracticaladvice.Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegiventoutraining

methodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategies

forcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience^^.

Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedonindividualdifferencesin

thedegreetowhichpeopleview“volunteer“asanimportantsocialrole.Itwasassumedthat

thosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobe

mostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.Participantsindicatedthedegreetowhichthesocialrole

matteredbyrespondingtostatementssuchasuVolunteeringinHospitalisanimportantpartof

whoIam."Consistentwiththeresearchers'expectations,theyfoundapositivecorrelation（正相

關(guān)）betweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthoftimepeoplecontinuedtovolunteer.

Theseresults,onceagain,leadtoconcreteadvice:aOnceanindividualbeginsvolunteering,

continuedeffortsmightfocusondevelopingavolunteerroleidentity....ItemslikeT-shirtsthat

allowvolunteerstoberecognizedpubliclyfortheircontributionscanhelpstrengthenrole

identity”.

61.Peoplevolunteermainlyoutof.

A.academicrequirementsB.socialexpectations

C.financialrewardsD.internalneeds

62.WhatcanwelearnfromtheFloridastudy?

A.Follow-upstudiesshouldlastfbroneyear.B.Volunteersshouldgetmentallyprepared.

C.Strategytrainingisamustinresearch.D.Volunteersareprovidedwithconcrete

advice.

63.Whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork?

A.Individualdifferencesinroleidentity.B.Publiclyidentifiablevolunteer「shirts.

C.Roleidentityasavolunteer.D.Practicaladvicefromresearchers.

64.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.HowtoGetPeopletoVolunteerB.HowtoStudyVolunteerBehaviors

C.HowtoKeepVblunteers,InterestD.HowtoOrganizeVolunteerActivities

【答案】

61.D

62.B

63.C

64.A

【解析】

試題分析：本文是一篇議論文。文章分析講述志愿者為什么自發(fā)地去服務(wù)社會，并通過3個實(shí)賽研究志愿

者的意圖。

61.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容可知人們做志愿者工作的原因?yàn)?"toexpresspersonalvaluesrelated

toijnself:shness;toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences：andtostrengthensocialrelationships^,再結(jié)合“二fvolunteer

positionsdonotmeettheseneeds：peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate^可知答案為D項(xiàng)（滿足內(nèi)在的需求）。

62.3推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句中^trainingmethodsthatwouldprep^'.voAinte\jfortrout

situationsorprovidethen;3thstrategiesforcopingv,-：ththeproblen;theydouxpwr:戶:可知壬忍者應(yīng)咬以心理

上做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。故選3項(xiàng).

63.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第五段第二句中“由。式peopleforv.-hon;theroleofvolunteerwasmostpartofie:r

personalidentity-wouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork^可知志愿者身份認(rèn)同金勵他們繼續(xù)從

事志愿者工作。故選C項(xiàng)。

64.A標(biāo)題歸納題。文章首段提出假設(shè)：假如你是一名組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，很想得到正層者的幫助.并指出在此之

前，必須弄清志愿者為什么自發(fā)地去服務(wù)社會，并通過3個實(shí)驗(yàn)研究志愿者的意日。因此之項(xiàng)（如何代人

們從事志愿者服務(wù)）是文章的最佳標(biāo)題.

考點(diǎn)：議論文閱讀

D

FreedomandResponsibility

Freedom'schallengeintheDigitalAgeisaserioustopic.Wearefacingtodayastrangenewworld

andweareallwonderingwhatwearegoingtodowithit.

Some2,500yearsagoGreecediscoveredfreedom.Beforethattherewasnofreedom.There

weregreatcivilizations,splendidempires,butnofreedomanywhere.EgyptandBabylonwere

bothtyrannies,oneverypowerfillmanrulingoverhelplessmasses.

InGreece,inAthens（雅典），alittlecityinalittlecountry,therewerenohelplessmasses.

AndAthenianswillinglyobeyedthewrittenlawswhichtheythemselvespassed,andtheunwritten,

whichmustbeobeyediffreemenlivetogether.Theymustshoweachotherkindnessandpityand

themanyqualitieswithoutwhichlifewouldbeverypainfulunlessonechosetolivealoneinthe

desert.TheAtheniansneverthoughtthatamanwasfreeifhecoulddowhathewanted.Amanwas

freeifhewasself-controlled.Tomakeyourselfobeywhatyouapprovedwasfreedom.Theywere

savedfromlookingattheirlivesastheirownprivateaffair.Eachonefeltresponsibleforthe

welfareofAthens,notbecauseitwasforcedonhimfromtheoutside,butbecausethecitywashis

prideandhissafety.Theessentialbeliefofthefirstfreegovernmentintheworldwaslibertyfor

allmenwhocouldcontrolthemselvesandwouldtakeresponsibilityfbrthestate.

Butdiscoveringfreedomisnotlikediscoveringcomputers.Itcannotbediscoveredoncefbr

all.Ifpeopledonotprizeit,andworkfbrit,itwillgo.Constantwatchisitsprice.Athenschanged.

Itwasachangethattookplacewithoutbeingnoticedthoughitwasoftheextremeimportance,a

spiritualchangewhichaffectedthewholestate.IthadbeentheAthenian,sprideandjoytogiveto

theircity.Thattheycouldgetmaterialbenefitsfromherneverenteredtheirminds.Therehadto

beacompletechangeofattitudebeforetheycouldlookatthecityasanemployerwhopaidher

citizensfbrdoingherwork.Nowinsteadofmengivingtothestate,thestatewastogivetothem.

Whatthepeoplewantedwasagovernmentwhichwouldprovideacomfortablelifeforthem;and

withthisastheprimaryobject,ideasoffreedomandself-relianceandresponsibilitywere

neglectedtothepointofdisappearing.Athenswasmoreandmorelookedonasacooperative

businesspossessedofgreatwealthinwhichallcitizenshadarighttos