2023屆上海市高考英語模擬試卷（iRead23008）

試卷編號：23008

2022-2023學(xué)年全國普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試

上海英語模擬試卷

ILGrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassage

coherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineach

blankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthat

bestfitseachblank.

Deep-SeaMicrobes(微生物)MayBeMissingLinkinSearchforOriginof

ComplexLife

LetusintroduceThor,Loki,OdinandHeimdall-ourmicrobialancestorsdating

backtwobillionyears.AteamatUppsalaUniversity,Swedenhasdiscoveredseveral

microbescarryinggenes(21)werepreviouslythoughttobeuniquetomore

complexlifeforms,includinghumans.

Thesingle-celledmicroorganisms,calledarchaea,werediscoveredinsubstances

(22)(collect)atsevensitesaroundtheworld,includinghotspringsin

YellowstoneNationalPark.Thefourspeciesinquestion,namedafterNorsegodsand

knownas*Asgardarchaea*,areasdifferentfromoneanother(23)atreeis

fromamushroom.

Thefindingsupportsadecades-oldtheorythatcomplexlifefirst(24)

(arise)whenanarchaeonconsumedabacterium,butthebacteriumsurvived.The(25)

(result)arrangementprovedtobebeneficialtoboth,andthetwopreviously

separateorganismsevolved(26)lifeformswithcellsandcomplex

internalstructures,calledeukaryotes.Allplantsandanimalsareeukaryotes.

"Thethings,whichwethoughtmadeaeukaryoteaeukaryote,are(27)

we*renowfindinginthesenewarchaea/5saidresearcherBrettBaker.”We're

essentiallyrewritingthetextbookonbasicbiology.”

Sofar,thearchaea(28)(onlyidentify)bypiecingtheirgenomes

togetherusingseparatebitsofgatheredgeneticmaterial.Theteam'snextgoalis(29)

(grow)theminthelab.

"ItwouldbegreatifwecouldisolateorgrowAsgardcells,andstudythemunder

themicroscope,0saidThijsEttema,aresearcherwhowasinvolvedintheproject.nI

amconvincedthatthis(30)(reveal)moreimportantcluesabouthow

complexcellsevolved.Finally,ourmicrobialancestrywillbeuncovered/

SectionB

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachword

canonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.ceaselessB.engineeringC.inspireD.issueE.reintroductionF.resemble

G.scrubbyH.secretL.solutionJ.surroundingK.territory

WalkinaBeaverWonderland

Havegonebackintimetoalandscapenotseeninthiscomeroftheworldforthe

bestpartof500years.Allaroundmearesignsofintensive31notby

humans,butbybeavers(海貍).

MarkElliottattheDevonWildlifeTrustisshowingmeroundthewetlandonthe

edgeofDartmoor,UK,wherein2011thetrustreleasedapairofEurasianbeavers.

"They'rereallybusyatthemoment,"hesays.

Beforetherelease,theareawasa(n)32woodlandwithasmallstream

runningthroughit.Butthebeaversquicklygottowork,buildingalodge(W),

deepeningthepondarounditanddammingtheheadwatersofthestream.

Theareaseesalotofrain,andwaterrunsquicklyoffthe33land,flowinginto

riversandcausingflashfloods.Butonbeaver34,thewaterisnowheldup

inponds,flowingoutatafarmoreleisurelypace.Hardlyanybodylivesnearby,so

floodingisn'ta(n)35,Butitisaseriousandgrowingthreatelsewhere.

Judgingfromtheresearchdonehere,beaverscouldbepartofthe36.

Thesecreaturesareknownasecosystemengineers.Icanseesignsof

37beaveringacrosseveryinchofthesite.Thestreamhasbeenturnedintoa

seriesof13largepoolsheldbackbydamsmadeofsticks,mudandgrass.Theoldest

damdoes38aNeolithic（新石器時代的）earthwork,severalmetres

acrossandgrassedover.Itholdsaseriousamountofwater.Intotal,damsonthesite

holdmorethanamillionlitres.

Theteamhaskeptthelocationoftheproject39toavoidpeople.

Somearejustkeentoseethebeaversforthemselves,butothersmaywishtostopthe

trialbecausetheyopposethe40ofatroublingspecies.

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrases

markedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthe

context.

'Specializationisforinsects,'1thesciencefictionauthorRobertA.Heinlein

famouslywrote.tcAhumanbeingshouldbeabletochangeadiaper,plananinvasion,

butcherahog,connaship,designabuilding,writeasonnet,balanceaccounts,builda

wall,setabone,comfortthedying,takeorders,giveorders,cooperate,actalone,

solveequations,analyzeanewproblem,pitchmanure,programacomputer,cooka

tastymeal,fightefficiently,diebravely."

That'sastandardmuchhigherthanIcanmeet.ButHeinlein'sidealof

wide-rangingabilitiesisanexcellentgoal,however41anyofusmight

achieveit.

Thekeyinthispursuitisa42topushtheboundariesofourcomfort

zones.Ifseasytofallinto43patterns,exercisingafewskillsthatwe've

masteredanddefiningourselvesbyourdailyhabits.HaveIdecidedthatI'ma

suburbanwhite-collarguy?Thenit'stemptingto44ahostofhands-ontasks

toplumbers,roofers,andotherspecialists.Thosespecialists,45,mightbe

everybitaslimitedasmeoutsideoftheirownzones.

Ingoodtimes,that'sa46arrangement.WhyshouldIdoanordinary

jobofrepairingmyroofifIcanpaysomebodytodoitwell?Sure,thatmeanswe

become47theavailability,honesty,andaffordabilityofspecialists,buta

divisionoflaborisa48inlifesothatwedon'texpendallourenergyon

tryingtodoeverythingourselves.Butlifehasawayofthrowinguscurveballs.Apipe

burstsonaSaturdayevening,oratiregetsflatbeyondcellphonereception,orthe

fix-itlistfortheelectricianpicksupapricetagbeyondthereachofthe49.

Canwe50everything!Notachance.Butweshouldbewillingtothink

of51asopportunitiestolearnnewskills.Ifthebathtubstopsdraining,

canwetry30minutesofonlineguidanceand$20worthoftools52we

drop$150onaplumber?Howmuchcouldwetakeonourselvesifthespecialistson

ourcontactlistwere53orcosttoomuch?

There'sprobablynowaytocompletely54Heinlein'sideal.Being

goodatsomethingyouloveisagreatfeeling;beinggoodatsomethingyouloveand

goodenoughatsomethingsthatcankeepyourbooksbalancedthroughtoughtimesis

55.

41.A.sufficiently.B.eventuallyC.imperfectlyD.irregularly

42.A.willingness.B.failureC.responsibilityD.proposal

43.A.different.B.culturalC.socialD.familiar

44.A.takeup.B.putawayC.setoffD.handover

45.A.bycontrast.B.inturnC.fbrinstanceD.orrather

46.A.formal.B.fine.C?special.D.similar

47.A.dependentonB.concernedabout.C.suitablefor.D.interestedin

48.A.roleB.kick-start.C.necessityD.turning-point

49.A.budgetB.marketC.stateD.series

50.A.loseB.master.C.believeD.explain

51.A.prejudicesB.judgementsC.foundationsD.challenges

52.A.unlessB.though.C.becauseD.before

53.A.inexperiencedB.unavailable.C.instructiveD.peculiar

54.A.makeupforB.doawaywith.C.liveuptoD.keepaway

from

55.A.fasterB.moreworryingC.betterD.moredoubtful

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveral

questionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,

B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthe

passageyouhavejustread.

(A)

AInc.ischeckingoutofChina'sfiercelycompetitivedomestic

e-commercemarket.ThecompanytoldsellersonThursdaythatitwouldnolonger

operateitsthird-partyonlinemarketplaceorprovidesellerservicesonitsChinese

website,A.Asaresult,domesticcompanieswillnolongerbeabletosell

productstoChineseconsumersonitse-commerceplatform.

ThedecisionmarksanendtoalongstrugglebyAmerica'se-commercegiantin

theChinesemarket.ThefirmmadeitsfirstappearanceintheChinesemarketwith

greatattentionintheearly2000sonlytofailinthefaceofcompetitionfromChina's

faster-movinginternetgiantsin2018.

Amazonhasbeenintalkstocombineitse-commercebusinessforgoodsimported

intoChinawithaChinesecompetitor,NetEaseInc/sKaola?inastock-for-stock

transaction(交易)，accordingtoapersonfamiliarwiththematter.Thatwouldremove

theAmazonnamefromconsumer-facinge-commerceinChina.Neithercompany

wouldconfirmtheprogressordetailsofthosetalks,norwouldtheysayiftheyare

continuing.

Inawrittenstatement,AmazonsaiditremainscommittedtoChinathroughits

globalstores,Kindlebusinessesandwebservices.AmazonChina'spresidentwill

leavetotakeonanotherrolewithinthecompany,thecompanysaid.TheChina

consumer-businessteamwillreportdirectlyintothecompany'sglobalteam.

WhenAmazonfirstenteredChinain2004withthepurchaseofJ,itwas

thelargestonlinesellerforbooks,musicandvideothere.MostChineseconsumers

wereusingcash-on-deliveryastheirtopformofpayment.TodayAmazonChina

chieflymeettheneedsofcustomerslookingforimportedinternationalgoodssuchas

cosmeticsandmilkpowder.

AmazonChinacommandedjust6%ofgrossmarketvolumeinthecross-border

e-commercemarketinthefourthquarterof2018,versusNetEaseKaola's25%share

andthe32%heldbyAlibabaGroupHoldingLtd*sTmallInternational.

Chineseconsumersarebecomingmorefascinatedwithdomesticbrands.In

2011,Chineseconsumerssaidtheywouldalwaysbuyaforeignbrandoveradomestic

one.By2016,60%ofrespondentssaidtheypreferreddomesticoverforeignbrands.

ShaunRein,ChinaMarketResearch'sfounder,saidAmericane-commercegiants

cameacrossobstaclesinChinabecausetheyhadn'tofferedtheproductsoruser

experiencethatconsumerswerelookingfbr.

56.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

A.Amazon'smajorsetbacksinceitsentryintoChina.

B.ThereasonswhyAmazonmetsomanyobstaclesinChinesemarket.

C.ThefiercecompetitionbetweenAmazonandtheChineseinternetgiants.

D.Amazon'sunsuccessfuleffortstodevelope-commercebusinessesinChina.

57.Accordingtoparagraph1,whatdoesAInc.plantodo?

A.Tosuspenditsonlineplatformservice.B.Toshutdownallitsstoresin

China.

C.Tostopsellinggoodstocustomers.D.TowithdrawfromChina'smarket.

58.Accordingtoparagraph4,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofAmazon?

A.TheChinesestaffinthecompanyaregoingtobedismissed.

B.Chinesecustomerscanstillbuygoodsfromitsglobalstores.

C.ItwillexpandKindlebusinesseswiththehelpofanewleader.

D.ItsglobalteamisresponsibleforrunningthebusinessinChina.

59.Accordingtothepassage,whatcontributestoAmazon'spoorperformancein

China?

A.Itdoesn*tcooperatewithlocale-commercecompanies,

B.Itdoesn'tfullyunderstandChinesecustomers5needs.

C.Chinesecustomerslikedomesticcompanies.

D.Itsellsaverylimitedrangeofgoods.

(B)

Foracenturyandahalfthepianohasbeenoneofthemostpopularsolo

instrumentsforWesternmusic.Unlikestringandwindinstrument,thepianois

completelyself-sufficient,asitisabletoplayboththemelodyanditsaccompanying

harmonyatthesametime.Forthisreason,itbecamethefavoritehousehold

instrumentofthenineteenthcentuiy

Theancestryofthepianocanbetracedtotheearlykeyboardinstrumentsofthe

fifteenthandsixteenthcenturies-thespinet,thedulcimer,andthevirginal.Inthe

seventeenthcenturytheorgan,theclavichord,andtheharpsichordbecamethechief

instrumentsofthekeyboardgroup,asupremacytheymaintaineduntilthepiano

supplantedthemattheendoftheeighteenthcentury.Theclavichord^tonewas

metallicandneverpowerful;nevertheless,becauseofthevarietyoftonepossibletoit,

manycomposersfoundtheclavichordasympatheticinstrumentforconcertuse,but

thecharacterofthetonecouldnotbevariedexceptbymechanicalorstructural

devices.

Thepianowasperfectedintheearlyeighteenthcenturybyaharpsichordmaker

inItaly(thoughmusicologistspointoutseveralpreviousinstancesoftheinstrument).

Thisinstrumentwascalledapianoeforte(softandloud).Thewiresweremuch

heavierintheearlierinstruments.Aseriesofmechanicalimprovementscontinuing

wellintothenineteenthcentury,includingtheintroductionofpedals(踏板)tosustain

toneortosoftenit,theperfectionofametalframeandsteelwireofthefinestquality,

finallyproducedaninstrumentcapableofmanytonaleffectsfromthemostdelicate

harmoniestoanalmostorchestralfullnessofsound.

60.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

A.Thehistoricaldevelopmentofthepiano.

B.Thequalityoftoneproducedbythepiano.

C.Theusesofpianoinvarioustypesofcompositions.

D.Thepopularityofthepianowithcomposers.

61.Whichofthefollowinginstrumentswaswidelyusedbeforetheseventeenth

century?

A.Theharpsichord.B.Thespinet.

C.Theclavichord.D.Theorgan.

62.Accordingtotheinformationinthethirdparagraph,whichofthefollowing

improvementsmadeitpossibletolengthenthetoneproducedbythepiano?

A.Theincreaseinweight.B.Theuseofheavywires.

C.Theintroductionofpedals.D.Themetalframeconstruction.

（C）

TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.The

onemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfrom

ritual（儀式）.Theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.Inthebeginning,human

beingsviewedthenaturalforcesoftheworld,eventheseasonalchanges,as

unpredictable,andtheysoughtthroughvariousmeans,tocontroltheseunknownand

fearedpowers.Thosemeasureswhichappearedtobringthedesiredresultswerethen

maintainedandrepeateduntiltheyhardenedintofixedrituals.Eventuallystories

arosewhichexplainedorcoveredthemysteriesoftherituals.Astimepassedsome

ritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovided

materialforartanddrama.

Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoserituals

containedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumes（戲月

艮）werealmostalwaysused.Furthermore,asuitablesitehadtobeprovidedfor

performances,andwhentheentirecommunitydidnotparticipate,acleardivisionwas

usuallymadebetweenthe“actingarea”andthe"auditorium."Inaddition,therewere

performersAandsinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesin

theenactmentofrituals,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.Wearingmasks

andcostumes,theyoftenimpersonatedotherpeople,animals,orsupernaturalbeings,

andimitatedthedesiredeffect-successinhuntorbattle,thecomingrain,the

comebackoftheSun—asanactormight.Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentations

wereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.

Anothertheorytracesthetheater'soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling.

Accordingtothisview,tales(aboutthehunt,war,orotherachievements)are

graduallyelaborated,atfirstthroughtheuseofimpersonation,action,anddialogueby

anarratorandthenthroughtheassumptionofeachoftherolesbyadifferentperson.

Acloselyrelatedtheorytracestheatertothosedancesthatareprimarilyrhythmical

andgymnasticorthatareimitationsofanimalmovementsandsounds.

63.Whataspectofdramadoestheauthordiscussinthefirstparagraph?

A.Thereasonwhydramaisoftenunpredictable.

B.Theseasonsinwhichdramaswereperformed.

C.Theconnectionbetweenmythsanddramastories.

D.Theimportanceofcostumesinearlydramas.

64.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemaindifferencebetweenritualanddrama?

A.Ritualisshorterthandrama.

B.Ritualusesmusicwhiledramadoesnot.

C.Ritualrequiresfewerperformersthandrama.

D.Ritualhasareligiouspurposeanddramadoesnot.

65.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

A.Storytellingisanimportantpartofdance.

B.Noonereallyknowshowthetheaterbegan.

C.Mythsarenolongerrepresenteddramatically.

D.Dramaticactivitiesrequiretheuseofcostumes.

66.Whatdoesthepassagemanydiscuss?

A.Theoriginsoftheater

B.Theimportanceofstorytelling.

C.Theroleofritualinmodemdrama

D.Thevarietyofearlyreligiousactivities.

SectionC

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Each

sentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyou

need.

A.Accordingtotheauthors,pandasspentmillionsofyearsofgoingitaloneontheir

ownevolutionaryjourney.

B.Aspecieshasbeensaved.

C.In2003,therewereonly1,600wildpandasremaining.

D.Itdependsonwhatyourdefinitionofsuccessis.

E.Werespondedtonewsoftheirdecreasebyshoweringthemwithconcernandcash.

F.Wetookitforgrantedthathumanbeingsweretoblamefortheirshrinking

population.

SavingPandas

Let'sstartatthebeginning.Howdidpandascometocapturethepublic's

imagination?Whatisitaboutthemthatwecametolove?

In1966,whilepandaconservationwasstillinitsinfancy,zoologistsRamonaand

DesmondMorrisputtogetheralistofwhypandaswouldcometocreepintothe

publicconsciousnessintheirbookMenAndPandas.Includedintheirlistwasthefact

thatpandas(appearto)havebigeyes;thattheysituplikeusandhavenotail;andthat

theyareplayfulandround.67Andthentheyhitthepublicity

jackpotsimplybecausenaturalselectionhappenedtoproduceacreaturethatwe

humansconsidercuteandunthreatening.Thatwasallittook.

Therestwashistory.68.Andwestilldo.

Today,pandaconservationisbigbusiness.Scotland'sEdinburghZoo,for

instance,pays￡600,000annuallyforhousingtwopandas.Arepandasworthit,then?

Isallofthatmoneybeingwellspent?Ifyourdefinitionofsuccessisaboutpanda

numbersinthewild,thenyes,undoubtedlythereisreasontobecheerful,fbrwild

pandanumbersappeartoberisingatlast.69Now,14years

later,therearenearer1,85一anincreaseof16percent.Infact,asofSeptember2016,

giantpandasarenolongerconsideredofficiallyendangered,theyarenowlistedas

merely"vulnerable（易受傷害的）'bytheIUCN,theglobalrecordkeepersofthe

fatesofdecreasingspecies.Thankstoamarkeddecreaseinpoaching（偷獵）andan

expansioninthespecies”protectedlivingspace,thefutureofChina'swildpandas

looksmoresecurethanbefore.

Itislikelythatthistrendwillcontinue,soonecouldarguethattheconservation

moneyhasbeenagreatsuccess.70

IV.SummaryWriting

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthe

mainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaras

possible.

TheEffectofMassTransportation

Masstransportationrevisedthesocialandeconomicstructureofthe

Americancityinthreefundamentalways.Itledtophysicalexpansion,itsortedout

peopleandlanduses,anditspeduptheinstabilityofurbanlife.Byopeningvastareas

ofunoccupiedlandforresidentialexpansion,theomnibuses,horserailways,

commutertrains,andelectrictrolleyspulledsettledregionsoutwardtwotofourtimes

moredistantfromcitycentersthantheywereinthepre-modemera.In1850,for

example,thebordersofBostonlayscarcelytwomilesfromtheoldbusinessdistrict;

bytheturnofthecenturytheareaextendedtenmilesinalldirections.Nowthosewho

couldafforditcouldlivefarremovedfromtheoldcitycenterandstillgotherefor

work,shopping,andentertainment.Thenewaccessibilityoflandaroundalmostevery

majorcityledtoanexplosionofrealestatedevelopmentandfueledwhatwenow

knowasurbansprawl.Between1890and19205forexample,some250,000new

residentiallotswererecordedwithinthebordersofChicago,mostofthemlocatedin

outlyingareas.Overthesameperiod,another550,000werelocatedoutsidethecity

limitsbutwithinthemetropolitanarea.Anxioustotakeadvantageofthepossibilities

ofcommuting,realestatedevelopersadded800,000potentialbuildingsitestothe

Chicagoregioninjustthirtyyearslotsthatcouldhavehousedfivetosixmillion

people.

Ofcourse,manywereneveroccupied;therewasalwaysahugeamountof

vacantlandaroundChicagoandothercities.Theseexcesseshighlightafeatureof

residentialexpansionrelatedtothegrowthofmasstransportation:urbansprawlwas

essentiallyunplanned.Itwascarriedoutbythousandsofsmallinvestorswhopaid

littlerespectfor