初三-定語從句-賓語從句

PAGEPAGE7第十一講定語從句&賓語從句（一）、定義：

在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。例如：

Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.

Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?

IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?

ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面兩句中的man和everything是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that,which,who(賓格whom,所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞where,when、why關(guān)系詞常有三個作用：12、3、（二）、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。(2)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做)4.that指人時，相當于who或者whom；指物時，相當于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。(1)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主語)(2)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做賓語)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookisyellow?（三）、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞：when與where、why、在從句中作狀語。先行詞指時間when=in/at/on/duringwhichIwillneverforgetthedayswhen/onwhichwestayedinthesummerholiday.Iwillneverforgetthedaysthatwespentinthesummerholiday先行詞指地點where=in/at/from/whichThefactorywhere/inwhichweworked3yearsagoismissingnow.Thefactorythat/whichwevisited3yearsagoismissingnow.先行詞指原因why=forwhichThereasonwhy/forwhichyoudidn’tcometoschoolisfunny.Thereasonwhich/thatyouexplainedmeisunbelievable.【總結(jié)】：關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時，可作主語、賓語、定語等句子成分。如：代替人代替物代替人或物主語whowhichthat賓語whom／whowhichthat定語whose（＝ofwhom）whose（＝ofwhich）1.ThisisthedoctorwhocamefromLondon.2.Thebookwhich／thatIamreadingiswrittenbyThomasHardy.3.Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold.4.Thisistheroomthat／whichShakespearewasbornin.二、使用關(guān)系代詞時應(yīng)注意以下幾點：只能用that的情況：1．如果先行詞是all，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，none等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。例如：Allthatarepresentburstintotears.2．如果先行詞被形容詞最高級以及first，last，any，only，few，much，no，some，very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that，不用which。例如：ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.3．先行詞被only,no,any,all,等詞修飾時。例如：

Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.

4先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如：

Hewasthesecondpersonthattoldmethesecret.

5．先行詞中既有人又有物時，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。例如：Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.（二）．which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思與andthis相似。例如：Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.（三）．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。此結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,to,at,of,without等，關(guān)系代詞常常只可用whom或which，不可用that。例如：Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.像listento，lookat，dependon，payattentionto，takecareof等固定短語動詞，在定語從句中一般不將介詞與動詞分開。例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.典型例題()1、-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather？-Yes，he‘sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom()2、Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.A.which；isB.whom；wasC.who；isD.who；was()3、HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic___actorsareveryfamous?AwhoBwhoseCthatDwhom()4、Annaskedthepoliceman___heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.AwithhimBwithwhomCwhoDwhom()5、Achild____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.AwhichBhisCwhoseDwith()6、Thisisthereason______hetoldme.A、thatB、whyC、onwhichD、forthat()7、Doyouknowthescientist_______gaveusatalkjustnow?A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose()8、Thisisthedictionary_______Mumgavemeformybirthday.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.whom()9、ShaolinTemple________liesinthewestofZhengzhouwelcomesthevisitorsbothathomeandabroad.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what()10、—Doyouknowthegirl_______isstandingunderthetree?

—Sheismylittlesister.

A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which【中考范例】

1.(2004年哈爾濱)

Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees?

Yes,hedoes.

A.which

B.whose

C.where

D.who

2.(2004年常州市)

Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.

A.who

B.where

C.what

D.that

3.(2004年揚州市)

Whereisthescientist________gaveusthetalkyesterday?

HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.

A.whom

B.who

C.whose

D.which

4.(2004年益陽市5.(2008河北)Thisisthedictionary____Mumgivemeformybirthday.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.whom6.(2008廣東)Ihaveboughtthecamera____wasadvertisedonTV.A.whatB.whyC.whichD.who7.(2008哈爾濱)Ifabagisfilledwithbooksandpens,itmustbelongtosomeone_____workshand.WhichB./C.whomD.who8.(2008福州)Doyouknowthegirl____isstandingunderthetree?Sheismylittlesister.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which9.(2008河南)ShaolinTemple____liesinthewestofZhengzhouwelcomesthevisitorsbothathomeandabroad.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what10.(2008吉林)Thisisthequestion___wearetalkingaboutnow.A.thatB.whoC.whereD.when11.(2008紹興)Eventeacherscan’tunderstandsomeexpressions__theirstudentsuseindailylife.A.whoseB.whoC.thatD.whom12.(2008襄樊|)Ilikewriters____writeaboutstories.A.whichB.whatC.whomD.who13.(2008遼寧)Thatistheman____savedtenchildrenintheearthquake.A.whoB.whichC.whereD.what14.(2008宜昌)WhatdoyouthinkofthebookAHawTreewaswrittenbyawomanwriter?A.whenB.thatC.whoD.where三.用適當?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空

1.Thehouse_______weliveinisverybig.

2.Theboy______iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.

3.Thisisthepresent_____hegavemeformybirthday.

4.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.

5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited.

6.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenhim.

7.Shewearsagoldring,_______isveryuncommoninourclass.

8.Wevisitedafactory_______makestoysforchildren.

9.Isthistheplace_______yourfatheroncelived?10.I’llneverforgetthedays_______IjoinedtheLeague.

11.Doyouknowthelady____isstandingunderthetree?12.Theboy____gavemetheraincoatjustnowismybrother.13.Thisisthegirl____friendsoftencometoseeme.14.Iliveinthebuilding____isverynearhere.15.Sheisnotlikethegirl___sheusedtobe.16.Anystudent____finisheshistestearlyshouldcheckhispaper.17.OnMeiMei’swayhomeshesawtheperson_____herteacheralwaysspokeof.18.Helaughsbest___laughslast.19.All____youhavetodoistostudyhard.20.Ilikemyhometown____Iwasborn.四、課后練習(xí)()1.Beijingisthe29thcity_______holdstheOlympicGames.

A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what()2.Haveyoureadthebook_______Igav